a buffer can not be destroyed by adding too much strong base. it can only be destroyed by adding too much strong acid. false 2. adding 0.1 mol solid naoh to a 1.0 l of 0.2 m hcl solution could prepare a buffer. false 3. adding a small amount of acid to a buffer increases the ph of the buffer.

The volume of 182 ml the air occupies in the Erlenmeyer flask before the addition of any water.

The volume of air in an Erlenmeyer flask could vary depending on factors such as temperature, pressure, and humidity. Changes in these factors could cause the air inside the flask to expand or contract, affecting the volume of air present before the addition of any water.

An Erlenmeyer flask is a type of laboratory glassware that is commonly used for holding and mixing liquids. It has a conical shape, with a flat base and a narrow neck that widens towards the top. The shape of the flask allows for easy mixing and swirling of liquids, and the narrow neck helps to minimize the risk of spills.

Erlenmeyer flasks come in a range of sizes, from small flasks that can hold just a few millilitres of liquid, to large flasks that can hold several litres. The volume of air in an Erlenmeyer flask before the addition of any water would depend on the size of the flask and the conditions in which it was stored. For example, a small 50-millilitre Erlenmeyer flask may contain only a few millilitres of air, while a larger 2-litre flask would contain significantly more.

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The reaction of prop-2-en-1-ol with HBr in the presence of a peroxide catalyst would produce a product that exists as optical isomers.

Prop-2-en-1-ol (allyl alcohol) has a chiral center, which means that it can exist as optical isomers. To form a product that could exist as optical isomers, the reagent should react with the chiral center of the molecule, causing it to become asymmetric.

One reagent that could achieve this is hydrogen bromide (HBr) in the presence of a peroxide catalyst. This reaction, known as hydrobromination, involves the addition of HBr across the double bond of prop-2-en-1-ol to form 2-bromopropan-1-ol. The addition of HBr to the double bond creates a new chiral center, which results in the formation of two enantiomers of the product.

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They want to know the mass of nitric oxide that is produced by this reaction. The balanced chemical equation for this reaction is:

4NH₃(g) + 5O₂(g) → 4NO(g) + 6H₂O(g)

In this equation, 4 moles of NH₃ react with 5 moles of O₂ to produce 4 moles of NO and 6 moles of H₂O. To find the mass of NO produced, we need to use the molar mass of NO. Molar mass of NO = 30.01 g/molTo find the mass of NO produced, we need to use stoichiometry.

We know that 4 moles of NH₃ reacts with 5 moles of O₂ to produce 4 moles of NO. Therefore, if we know the number of moles of O₂ that reacted, we can use stoichiometry to find the number of moles of NO produced.We can use the ideal gas law to find the number of moles of O₂ that reacted.

n = PV/RT  We can assume that the reaction took place at standard temperature and pressure (STP), which means:P = 1 atmV = 22.4 L (molar volume of an ideal gas at STP)T = 273.15 K (0 °C)R = 0.08206 L atm/(mol K)Using these values, we can find the number of moles of O₂ that reacted:n = PV/RT = (1 atm)(22.4 L)/(0.08206 L atm/(mol K) * 273.15 K) ≈ 1 mol

Therefore, 1 mole of O₂ reacted in the reaction. Using stoichiometry, we can find the number of moles of NO produced.4 moles NH₃ : 4 moles NO1 mole O₂ : 4/5 moles NO (from the balanced equation)1 mole O₂ was consumed, so the number of moles of NO produced is:1 mole O₂ * (4/5 moles NO/1 mole O₂) = 0.8 moles NO

Finally, we can find the mass of NO produced using the molar mass of NO:mass NO = number of moles * molar mass mass NO = 0.8 mol * 30.01 g/mol ≈ 24.0 g Therefore, approximately 24.0 grams of NO are produced by the reaction between ammonia and oxygen gas.

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16.2296 has 6 significant figures and 4 decimals. 16.2296 rounded to 5 sig figs is 16.230, to 4 sig figs is 16.23, and to 3 sig figs is 16.2. To count the number of sig figs in 16.2296, count all 6 digits since it has no insignificant digits (all digits are significant).

Result 16.2296

Result 16.2296Sig Figs 6 (16.2296)

Result 16.2296Sig Figs 6 (16.2296)Decimals 4 (16.2296)

Result 16.2296Sig Figs 6 (16.2296)Decimals 4 (16.2296)Scientific Notation 1.62296 × 101

E-Notation. 1 .62296e+1

.62296e+1Words sixteen point two two nine six

make me brainalist and keep smiling dude

The energy transfer that occurs when a cube of ice is placed in a glass of water is a form of heat transfer known as "heat exchange" or "heat transfer by conduction".

What is heat transfer?

Heat always moves from a warmer object to a cooler one, and in this case, the ice cube is at a lower temperature than the liquid water, so heat moves from the water to the ice cube.

As the ice cube absorbs heat energy from the water, the ice melts and the temperature of the water decreases. This process continues until the ice has completely melted and the water and ice are at the same temperature.

So, to answer the question directly, the energy transfer that occurs when a cube of ice is placed in a glass of water is not a transfer of chemical energy from the ice to the water, but rather a transfer of thermal energy from the water to the ice.

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Complete question is:  "heat exchange" or "heat transfer by conduction" occurs when a cube of ice is placed in a glass of water.

The mass (in grams) of sodium, Na that is used in the reaction, given that 48.8 liters of hydrogen gas are formed at STP is 100.28 grams

First, we shall obtain the mole of hydrogen gas formed. Details below:

At standard temperature and pressure, STP,

22.4 L = 1 mole of hydrogen gas

Therefore,

48.8 L = 48.8 / 22.4

48.8 L = 2.18 moles of hydrogen gas

Next, we shall determine the mole of sodium. Details below:

2Na + 2H₂O -> 2NaOH + H₂+ heat + light

From the balanced equation,

1 mole of H₂ was obtained from 2 moles of Na

Therefore,

2.18 moles H₂ will be obtain from = 2.18 × 2 = 4.36 moles of Na

Finally, we shall determine the mass of sodium, Na used. Details below:

Mole = mass / molar mass

4.36 = Mass of sodium, Na / 23

Cross multiply

Mass of sodium, Na = 4.36 × 23

Mass of sodium, Na = 100.28 grams

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The temperature when 2.50 moles of argon occupy 25.0 l at 1.20 atm. calculated is  -126. 9°C. The Ideal gas equation is,

  PV = n RT

Number of moles = 2.50 moles

V= 25.0 L

P= 1.20 atm.

Ideal gas equation can be written as,

PV = n RT

The Ideal gas equation is defined as the equation which equates the product of the pressure and the volume of one mole of a gas to the product of its thermodynamic temperature and the gas constant. It is also called as the general gas equation which designates the equation of state of a hypothetical ideal gas. This equation is a good approximation of the behavior of many gases under many conditions instead of it has several limitations.

putting all the values we get,

T = -126. 9°C

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2.5 grams of [tex]H_{2}[/tex] will produce to perform the reaction.

[tex]2Al+2NaOH+2K_{2} O[/tex]   ⇒  [tex]2Na_{3} AlO_{3} +3H_{2}[/tex]

The reactants have the following molar masses: M(NaOH) = 40 g/mol, and M(Al) = 27 g/mo.

Given,

100 g of NaOH.

100 g of Al

The reactants' total moles are:

() =()/() = 100/27 = 3.7

() = ()/() = 100/40 = 2.5 l

Then we calculate a ratio:

6 moles of NaOH and 2 moles of Al react,

3.7 moles of Al should react with x moles of NaOH, where x = 3.7*  6 /2 = 11.1 moles of NaOH.

The limiting reactant is sodium hydroxide as there are only 2.5 moles of it. To determine the mass of H2 that could be created by the chemical reaction, we must use a different percentage.

3 moles of H2 are produced from 6 moles of NaOH.

NaOH 2.5 moles - x moles H2

=2.5* 3/6 = 1.25 2

mass of [tex]H_{2}[/tex] = n([tex]H_{2}[/tex]) * M([tex]H_{2}[/tex]) = 1.25* 2 = 2.5 gm

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Answer:

A = 11.74
B = 9.18
C = 10.4
D = 8.10
E = 7.21
F = 1.70

For more context, you may check the explanation :)

Explanation:

This is a basic titration problem where an amine, H2NNH2, is being titrated with an acid, HNO3. The reaction between the two is:

H2NNH2 + HNO3 → H2NNH3+NO3-

The Kb value for H2NNH2 is given as 0.000003, which allows us to calculate the Kb expression:

Kb = [H2NNH3+][OH-] / [H2NNH2]

At the start of the titration, before any HNO3 is added, we have only H2NNH2 in solution and no H2NNH3+ or OH-. Therefore, at the start of the titration:

Kb = [H2NNH3+][OH-] / [H2NNH2]

0.000003 = (x)(x) / (0.100)

x = 0.0055 M

So at the start of the titration, [H2NNH2] = 0.100 M and [OH-] = 0.0055 M. To find the pH, we can use the fact that:

pH + pOH = 14

a. Before any HNO3 is added, the [OH-] is 0.0055 M. Therefore:

pOH = -log(0.0055) = 2.26

pH = 14 - 2.26 = 11.74

The pH of the solution is 11.74.

b. At 20.0 mL of HNO3 added, we can calculate the moles of HNO3 added:

moles of HNO3 = (0.200 M)(0.020 L) = 0.004 mol

This amount of HNO3 reacts completely with the same amount of H2NNH2, so the moles of H2NNH2 remaining is:

moles of H2NNH2 = 0.100 mol - 0.004 mol = 0.096 mol

The total volume of the solution is now 0.100 L + 0.020 L = 0.120 L. Therefore, the concentration of H2NNH2 is:

[H2NNH2] = 0.096 mol / 0.120 L = 0.800 M

Using the Kb expression, we can find the [OH-]:

Kb = [H2NNH3+][OH-] / [H2NNH2]

0.000003 = (x)(0.004) / (0.800)

x = 0.000015 M

Therefore, the pOH is:

pOH = -log(0.000015) = 4.82

And the pH is:

pH = 14 - 4.82 = 9.18

The pH of the solution is 9.18.

c. At 25.0 mL of HNO3 added, we can use the same approach as above to find that the concentration of H2NNH2 is 0.625 M, the [OH-] is 0.00004 M, and the pH is 10.4.

d. At 40.0 mL of HNO3 added, we can use the same approach as above to find that the concentration of H2NNH2 is 0.200 M, the [OH-] is 0.00080 M, and the pH is 8.10.

e. At 50.0 mL of HNO3 added, we can use the same approach as above to find that the concentration of H2NNH2 is 0.100 M, the [OH-] is 0.00155 M, and the pH is 7.21.

f. At 100.0 mL of HNO3 added, we can use the same approach as above to find that the concentration of H2NNH2 is 0.0 M, the [OH-] is 0.02000 M, and the pH is 1.70.

Reading the edge of the meniscus instead of the center of the meniscus will result in an inaccurate measurement of the volume of the gas.

The meniscus should be read at the middle of the curve, not the edge, when using the eudiometer tube.

The volume of the gas will be more than the real volume if the meniscus' edge is read rather than the centre since the edge is higher than the centre.

The eye should be level with the meniscus's centre when reading the tube for the most precise measurement. Inaccurate calculations and faulty findings can occur from measuring the gas's volume incorrectly.

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68 liters of O₂ at STP is equivalent to 2.693 moles of O₂.

To find the mole value of 68 liters of O₂, we need to use the ideal gas law:

PV = nRT

where P is the pressure of the gas, V is the volume of the gas, n is the number of moles of gas, R is the ideal gas constant, and T is the temperature of the gas.

Assuming that the O₂ is at standard temperature and pressure (STP), which is 0°C and 1 atm, respectively, we can use the following values for the variables in the ideal gas law:

P = 1 atm

V = 68 L

n = ?

R = 0.08206 L·atm/(mol·K)

T = 273 K

Substituting these values into the ideal gas law and solving for n, we get:

n = PV/RT

n = (1 atm) * (68 L) / (0.08206 L·atm/(mol·K) * 273 K)

n = 2.693 moles

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We must first identify the limiting reactant before we can calculate the output of Nitrogen. As a result, 3.365 grammes of Nitrogen are created.

Three moles of hydrogen are combined with one mole of nitrogen to produce ammonia gas. 5000 moles exist, though. As a result, since it controls how much product is produced, hydrogen acts as a reactant limiter. Hydrogen will therefore control how much ammonia forms.

Using their molar masses, we must first convert the given masses of Hydrogen peroxide and Hydrazine to moles:

molar mass Hydrogen peroxide = 34.0147 g/mol

molar mass Hydrazine = 32.0452 g/mol

moles Hydrogen peroxide = 8.17 g / 34.0147 g/mol = 0.2402 mol

moles Hydrazine = 6.97 g / 32.0452 g/mol = 0.2174 mol

The amount of Nitrogen produced from each reactant can then be calculated using the stoichiometry of the balanced chemical equation:

From Hydrogen peroxide: 1 mol Hydrogen peroxide produces 1/2 mol Nitrogen

mol Nitrogen produced from Hydrogen peroxide = 0.2402 mol Hydrogen peroxide x 1/2 = 0.1201 mol Nitrogen

From Hydrazine: 1 mol Hydrazine produces 1 mol Nitrogen

mol Nitrogen produced from Hydrazine = 0.2174 mol Hydrazine x 1 = 0.2174 mol Nitrogen

The amount of Nitrogen created is 0.1201 mol from Hydrogen peroxide, which is the smaller value. Lastly, by applying the molar mass of Nitrogen, we may convert this quantity to grams:

molar mass Nitrogen = 28.0134 g/mol

g Nitrogen produced = 0.1201 mol Nitrogen x 28.0134 g/mol = 3.365 g Nitrogen

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When the amount of reactant A is doubled, the rate of reaction is also doubled. When the amount of reactant B is halved, the rate of reaction reduce 1/4 times. When reactant C is tripled, the rate become 9 times.

a) Reactant A undergoes a first order reaction. The equation for the rate of the reaction is

     R = k[A]¹

When the concentration is doubled,

   R' = k[2A]¹ = 2k[A] = 2R

So the rate of reaction is doubled.

b) The reactant B follows second order kinetics.

  Rate , R = k[B]²

When [B] is halved it becomes [B/2]

R' = k[[tex]\frac{B}{2}[/tex]]² = [tex]\frac{1}{4}[/tex] k[B]² = [tex]\frac{R}{4}[/tex]

So the rate is decreased 1/4 times.

c) The reactant C follows second order kinetics.

   So,  R = k[C]²

When the concentration is tripled,

  R' = k [3C]² = 9k [C]² = 9R

So the rate increases nine folds.

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It is common practice to remove impurities from the reconstituted product by rinsing the solids obtained from the reconstituted with a small volume of cold solvent used in the process. Here option B is the correct answer.

The common practice of rinsing the solids obtained from recrystallization with a small quantity of the cold solvent used in the procedure serves to remove any residual impurities from the recrystallized product.

This is done by dissolving any residual impurities present in the crystals, which are then removed along with the solvent through filtration. The small quantity of cold solvent used is not enough to dissolve any of the pure crystals, so the recrystallized product remains pure.

Rinsing also helps to remove any residual solvent present in the crystals, which could affect the yield and purity of the product. In summary, the rinsing step is necessary to ensure that the recrystallized product is pure and free from any residual impurities or solvents that could affect its properties or intended use.

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Complete question:

Why is it common practice to rinse the solids obtained from the recrystallization with a small quantity of the cold solvent used in the procedure?

A) To increase the yield of the recrystallized product

B) To remove impurities from the recrystallized product

C) To remove residual solvent from the recrystallized product

D) To reduce the size of the crystals in the recrystallized product

E) To prevent the crystals from drying out and losing their purity

The rate law for the reaction is rate = k[A][B]2, based on the given data and the initial rates method.

The initial rates method can be used to determine the rate law for a reaction. Using the data for the reaction shown below, what is the rate law for the reaction

Here is the data given:

Reaction: A + 2B → C

Experiment 1 2 3

[A] 0.100 M 0.100 M 0.200 M

[B] 0.200 M 0.400 M 0.400 M

Initial rate (M/s) 1.6 × 10-3 6.4 × 10-3 5.1 × 10-2

The rate law for the reaction can be determined using the initial rates method. The initial rates method involves comparing the initial rates of reaction for experiments with different initial concentrations of reactants.

In this case, we can look at Experiments 1 and 2, where the concentration of B is doubled. By comparing the initial rates of these two experiments, we can determine the effect of the concentration of B on the reaction rate.

The rate of the reaction doubles when the concentration of B is doubled. This means that the rate of the reaction is directly proportional to the concentration of B.

We can write the rate law for the reaction as follows:

rate = k[A][B]2

where k is the rate constant. The exponent of 2 in the rate law indicates that the rate of the reaction is directly proportional to the square of the concentration of B.

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Chemical reactions can be classified into several different types based on their characteristics and the nature of the reactants and products involved.

Synthesis reaction  involves two or more reactants combining to form a single product. The general form of this reaction is: A + B → AB.

The reaction types are;

1) Oxidation reaction

2) Oxidation reaction

3) Double replacement reaction

4) Synthesis reaction

5) Double replacement reaction

6) Synthesis reaction

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The Ksp of calcium sulfate at the given temperature is 3.59 x 10^-7, calculated from the solubility of 0.08152 g/L using the Ksp expression.

The Ksp (solvency item steady) of calcium sulfate at the given temperature can be determined utilizing the dissolvability data gave. In the first place, the substance condition for the separation of calcium sulfate into its particles should be composed: CaSO4 ⇌ Ca2+ + SO42-. The solvency of calcium sulfate is given as 0.08152 g/L, which is identical to 0.000672 moles/L (utilizing the molar mass of calcium sulfate).

Since the stoichiometry of the separation condition is 1:1, the centralization of calcium particles and sulfate particles in the arrangement is additionally 0.000672 M. At last, the Ksp can be determined by duplicating the centralization of calcium particles and sulfate particles together: Ksp = [Ca2+][SO42-] = (0.000672 M)(0.000672 M) = 4.529 x 10^-7. Thusly, the Ksp of calcium sulfate at the given temperature is 4.529 x 10^-7.

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Based on this molar mass, the metal is likely to be indium (In), which has a molar mass of 114.82 g/mol.

To determine the identity of the metal, we need to find its molar mass. First, we can calculate the number of moles of electrons (n) involved in the electrolysis process.

Q = I × t = 5.00 A × (10.0 min × 60 s/min)

= 3000 C (where Q is the charge,

I is the current, and t is the time)

Using Faraday's constant (F = 96485 C/mol), we can find the number of moles of electrons:

n = Q/F = 3000 C / 96485 C/mol ≈ 0.0311 mol

Since it's a 3+ metal ion, 3 moles of electrons are required to plate 1 mole of metal:

Moles of metal = 0.0311 mol / 3 = 0.01037 mol

Now, we can find the molar mass of the metal:

Molar mass = mass / moles

= 1.19 g / 0.01037 mol ≈ 114.7 g/mol

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Answer:

Conduction

Explanation:

Conduction is the transfer of heat energy from one substance to another or within a substance.

Cold air molecules heat up when they touch the warm ground through the process of  conduction.

Conduction is the transfer of heat or energy between two objects that are in contact with each other, or between different parts of the same object, due to a temperature difference.

In conduction, heat energy is transferred through a material or substance from higher-temperature regions to lower-temperature regions.

Conduction occurs because the molecules in a substance are in constant motion and collisions between them can transfer energy. When two objects are in contact, the faster-moving molecules in the warmer object collide with the slower-moving molecules in the cooler object, transferring energy from the warmer object to the cooler one.

This process continues until the two objects reach thermal equilibrium, meaning they have the same temperature.

Materials that are good conductors of heat, such as metals, allow energy to be transferred quickly through them. On the other hand, materials that are poor conductors of heat, such as plastics or insulators, prevent or slow down the transfer of energy.

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J. None of the above.

The total amount of energy in a closed system is conserved, meaning that it cannot be created or destroyed, only transformed from one form to another.

What is Energy?

Energy is a physical quantity that measures the ability of a system to perform work. It is an abstract concept that comes in many forms, such as mechanical, thermal, electrical, chemical, and nuclear energy. Energy can be transferred between different objects or systems, and it can be converted from one form to another.

Option H is an example of how thermal energy moves in a predictable pattern. When water is left on a table at a low temperature for a long period of time, its temperature drops below the freezing point of water, and the water molecules start to form ice crystals. This is an example of a predictable pattern in which thermal energy is transferred from the water to the surrounding air, causing the water to freeze.

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Answer:

Reduction is a process where a substance: Gains one or more electrons. Loses an oxygen atom or Electronegative atoms. Gains a hydrogen atom or Electropositive atoms.

Explanation:

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Answer:

In a chemical reaction, reduction is a process in which a molecule or ion gains electrons, resulting in a decrease in oxidation state. This process typically involves the transfer of electrons from one molecule to another, resulting in the production of a reduced product.

Explanation:

For example, in the reaction between copper ions and zinc metal, the copper ions are reduced to copper metal while the zinc metal is oxidized to zinc ions:

COUNTER CLAIM:

According to the correctly balanced chemical equation, 1 mole of magnesium interacts with 2 moles of HCl to create 1 mole of MgCl2 and 1 mole of hydrogen. 243.28 grams of MgCl2 will be created from 2.55 mol of Mg.

Single displacement reactions take place when one element is swapped out for another in a compound. Magnesium metal and hydrochloric acid combine in the reaction described to produce magnesium chloride and hydrogen gas.

According to the equation, Mg and MgCl2 have a mole ratio of 1:1, meaning that 1 mole of Mg will result in 1 mole of MgCl2.

As a result, 2.55 mol of Mg will react to form 2.55 mol of MgCl2.

We must know the molar mass of the created MgCl2 in order to determine its mass. MgCl2 has a molar mass of:

MgCl2 = 24.31 g/mol (Mg) + 2(35.45 g/mol) (Cl)

MgCl2 = 95.21 g/mol

So, the mass of MgCl2 produced from 2.55 mol of Mg is:

Mass of MgCl2 = number of moles of MgCl2 x molar mass of MgCl2

Mass of MgCl2 = 2.55 mol x 95.21 g/mol

Mass of MgCl2 = 243.28 g

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The concentration of the original NaOH solution is 0.325M. Molarity is sometimes referred to as substance, molarity, or concentration in terms of amount. It is a means to determine the concentration of a certain chemical species. In terms of quantity, it alludes to the material in a unit solution volume.

Balanced chemical equation:

[tex]1NaOH+1HBr[/tex]  ⇒  [tex]NaBr+H_{2} O[/tex]

Given,

1). volume of HBr(V1) = 32.5ml

molarity of HBr(M1) = 0.200M

moles n1 =1

2). volume of NaOH(V2) = 20.0ml

molarity of NaOH(M2) =?

moles n2 = 1

Moles of NaOH = Moles of HBr

Molarity of HBr × Volume of HBr= Molarity of NaOH × Volume of NaOH

[tex]\frac{M1V1}{n1} = \frac{M2V2}{n2} \\[/tex]

[tex]\frac{0.2*32.5}{1} = \frac{M2*20}{1}[/tex]

M2 = 0.2*32.5/20

M2 = 6.5/20

M2 = 0.325M

Molarity of NaOH = 0.325M

the concentration of the original NaOH solution is 0.325M.

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A gas absorbs 5.1 kJ of heat and does 3.6 kJ of work then the change in internal energy of the gas is 8.7 kJ.

The first law of thermodynamics states that the change in internal energy of a system is equal to the heat added to the system minus the work done by the system. Mathematically, this can be expressed as:

ΔE = Q - W

where ΔE is the change in internal energy, Q is the heat added to the system, and W is the work done by the system.

In this problem, Q = 5.1 kJ (heat absorbed by the gas) and W = -3.6 kJ (work done by the gas, with the negative sign indicating work done on the surroundings). Plugging these values into the formula, we get:

ΔE = Q - W

ΔE = 5.1 kJ - (-3.6 kJ)

ΔE = 5.1 kJ + 3.6 kJ

ΔE = 8.7 kJ

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the titration of 100.0 mL of 0.100 M H₂NNH₂ by 0.200 M HNO₃

a. pH = 11.94

b. pH = 7.51

c. pH = 7.08

d. pH = 4.57

e. pH = 4.00

f. pH = 1.50

Through the addition of a known quantity of a reactant with a known concentration to the solution until the reaction is complete, the chemical process of titration can be used to determine the concentration of a specific component in a solution. The equivalency point designates the point at which the reaction has ended. When the amount of the substance being studied in the solution is equal to the amount of the added reactant, this is accomplished. To measure the quantity of acids, bases, and other compounds in a sample, analytical chemistry frequently uses titration. An indicator is used in the procedure, and after the reaction is finished, it changes colour, allowing the experimenter to locate the equivalence point. The meticulous measuring of for accurate titration,

A-pH = 14 - pOH = 14 - (-log[OH-]) = 11.94

B-pH = pKa + log([NO3-]/[H2NNH2]) = 8.00 + log(0.0333/0.0800) = 7.51

C-pH = pKa + log([NO3-]/[H2NNH2]) = 8.00 + log(0.0300/0.0625) = 7.08

D-pH = pKa + log([NO3-]/[H2NNH2]) = 8.00 + log(0.0357/0.0500) = 4.57

E-pH = pH of HNO3 solution = 1.18

F-pH = pH of HNO3 solution = 1.00

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The pH after the addition of 17.0 mL of KOH is 0.602.

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Here is the solution to the given problem:Given:Volume of HBr = 50.0 mL

Concentration of HBr = 0.15M

Concentration of KOH = 0.25 M

Volume of KOH added = 17.0 mL

We need to calculate the pH after the addition of KOH.The balanced chemical equation for the reaction between HBr and KOH is:

HBr + KOH → KBr + H2O

Initial moles of HBr = Molarity × Volume

= 0.15 mol/L × (50.0 mL/1000)

= 0.0075

molInitial moles of KOH = Molarity × Volume

= 0.25 mol/L × (17.0 mL/1000) = 0.00425

 sinceNonsense the reaction is a neutralization reaction between a strong acid and a strong base, we can assume that the volume after the reaction would be 50 + 17 = 67 mL or 0.067 L.

The moles of HBr left after reaction = initial moles of HBr - moles of KOH reacted

= 0.0075 - 0.00425= 0.00325 mol

Concentration of HBr after reaction

= Moles of HBr/Volume of solution = 0.00325 mol/0.067

L = 0.0485 MConcentration of H3O+ = Concentration of OH-

= Molarity of KOH added

= 0.25 MSo,

the pH can be calculated using the formula:

pH = -log[H3O+]= -log[0.25]

= 0.602

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3205.8 grams of gasoline has disappeared.

The ideal gas law, which connects the pressure (P), volume (V), number of moles (n), and temperature (T) of a gas, must be used to address this issue:

PV = nRT

where T is the absolute temperature, R is the universal gas constant, with a value of 0.08206 L atm/(mol K), and R is the universal gas constant.

The settings are established as 273.15 K (0 °C) and 1 atm (standard temperature and pressure), often known as STP. As a result, we can use the ideal gas law to determine how many moles of octanol vapour have escaped:

n = PV/RT = (1 atm)(558.7 L)/(0.08206 L·atm/(mol·K))(273.15 K) = 24.6 mol

To convert moles to grams, we need to use the molar mass of octanol, which is 130.23 g/mol. Therefore, the mass of gasoline that has disappeared is:

mass = n x molar mass = 24.6 mol x 130.23 g/mol = 3205.8 g

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To determine if there is enough calcium hydroxide to completely neutralize the acid, we need to calculate how much hydroiodic acid is present in 100 ml of 8.5 M solution:

moles of Hl = molarity × volume = 8.5 M × 0.1 L = 0.85 moles

moles of Ca(OH)2 = mass ÷ molar mass = 0.500 g ÷ 74.1 g/mol = 0.00675 moles

The balanced chemical equation for the reaction is:

Ca(OH)2 + 2 HI → CaI2 + 2 H2O

According to the balanced equation, 1 mole of Ca(OH)2 reacts with 2 moles of HI to produce 1 mole of CaI2. Therefore, the maximum amount of CaI2 that can be formed is:

0.00675 moles of Ca(OH)2 × (1 mole CaI2 ÷ 1 mole Ca(OH)2) = 0.00675 moles CaI2

However, we have 0.85 moles of HI present, which is much more than the amount needed to react with all of the Ca(OH)2. Therefore, the Ca(OH)2 is in excess, and there will be some Ca(OH)2 left over after the reaction.

The amount of Ca(OH)2 that reacts with the HI is:

0.85 moles of HI ÷ 2 = 0.425 moles of Ca(OH)2

The amount of Ca(OH)2 left over is:

0.00675 moles of Ca(OH)2 - 0.425 moles of Ca(OH)2 = -0.41825 moles of Ca(OH)2

This negative value indicates that all of the Ca(OH)2 reacts with the HI, and there is no Ca(OH)2 left over. Therefore, the Ca(OH)2 is enough to completely neutralize the acid.

The amount of CaI2 that forms is:

0.425 moles of Ca(OH)2 × (1 mole CaI2 ÷ 1 mole Ca(OH)2) × (293.9 g CaI2 ÷ 1 mole CaI2) = 124.9 g CaI2

Therefore, 124.9 g of CaI2 forms in this reaction.

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Answer: The correct option is A) the temperature decreases during the reaction.

Explanation: When hydrogen reacts with chlorine to form hydrochloric acid, the reaction is highly exothermic. This means that the reaction releases energy in the form of heat. The energy released is greater than the energy required to break the bonds in the reactants. Thus, the temperature of the system decreases during the reaction.

Option B is wrong because when heat is absorbed in a reaction, it is an endothermic reaction where energy is absorbed as heat.

Option C is wrong because the number of molecules produced is equal to the number of molecules consumed in the chemical reaction, according to the law of conservation of mass.

Variant D is unrelated to the exothermic nature of the reaction between hydrogen and chlorine leading to the formation of hydrochloric acid. Describes the stability of hydrochloric acid gas unrelated to the statement.

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A lack of natural resources can cause problems in society, such as economic instability as industries that rely on those resources become unable to operate.

It can also lead to food and water shortages, poverty, and increased inequality.An abundance of natural resources can also cause problems in society. For example, the overuse of resources can lead to environmental degradation, such as deforestation, pollution, and climate change. It can also create economic and political instability, as countries that are heavily reliant on natural resources can struggle to diversify their economies and become overly dependent on a single resource. Additionally, the unequal distribution of these resources can fuel conflict and inequality between countries, regions, and individuals.

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