The percent ionization of the acid whose initial concentration is 1.4 M and equilibrium hydronium ion concentration is 0.12 M is 8.6%.
The percent ionization of the acid can be defined as the ratio of the concentration of H⁺ ions present in the solution after the reaction to the initial concentration of acid present in the solution.
Mathematically, it can be given as:
% ionization of acid = ([H⁺]/[HA]₀) × 100
Where [H⁺] is the concentration of hydronium ions present in the solution, and [HA]₀ is the initial concentration of the acid present in the solution.
From the question, the initial concentration of acid ha is 1.4 M, and the equilibrium hydronium ion concentration is 0.12 M.
Using the above formula,
% ionization of acid = ([H+]/[HA]0) × 100
% ionization of acid = (0.12/1.4) × 100
% ionization of acid = 8.57%
Therefore, the percent ionization of the acid rounded to two significant figures is 8.6%.
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Write the complete ground-state electron configuration of Ag+. For multi-digit superscripts or coefficients, use each number in succession.
Answer:
[Kr] 4d^10 5s
Explanation:
Krypton is the nearest noble gas build structure off of that
The aluminum ground state electron configuration is 1s²2s²2p⁶3s²3p¹.
The electron configuration of aluminum will therefore be 1s²2s²2p⁶3s²3p¹. Scientists can easily write and communicate how electrons are arranged around an atom's nucleus using the configuration notation. It is now simpler to comprehend and predict how atoms will interact to form chemical bonds as a result.
The Aufbau Principle, Pauli-exclusion Principle, and Hund's Rule are the three key rules that we adhere to. By removing electrons from the outermost p orbital first, then the s orbital, and finally the d orbitals, the electronic configuration of cations is determined (if any more electrons need to be removed).
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What is the three carbon alcohol that forms the backbone of a triglyceride called?
The three carbon alcohol that forms the backbone of a triglyceride is called glycerol.
Glycerol is a type of alcohol that is found in many fats and oils. It is a clear, odorless, viscous liquid that is sweet-tasting and non-toxic. Glycerol is a versatile molecule that is used in a variety of industrial and pharmaceutical applications.
The structure of a triglyceride consists of three fatty acids that are linked to a glycerol molecule. The fatty acids are long-chain hydrocarbons that have a carboxylic acid group (-COOH) at one end. The carboxylic acid group can react with the hydroxyl group (-OH) on the glycerol molecule to form an ester linkage (-COO-). The resulting molecule is a triglyceride. Triglycerides are a type of lipid that are important for energy storage in the body. They are found in adipose tissue and are broken down into fatty acids and glycerol when the body needs to use stored energy.
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calculate the ph during the titration of 22.84 ml of 0.26 m hno3(aq) with 0.10 m naoh after 11.72 ml of the base have been added.
How many hydrogen atoms are in 2.0 GH
Answer:
2 hydrogen atoms
Explanation:
because the hydrogen atoms are two
Explain the two main allotropes of sulphur
Rhombic sulfur and monoclinic sulfur are the two primary allotropes of sulfur.
What are allotropes?Allotropes are various versions of the same element that can exist in various crystal shapes or physical states. An element's several allotropes each have different physical and chemical characteristics. For instance, carbon can exist in a variety of allotropes, each with a unique set of properties and applications, such as diamond, graphite, and fullerene.
The most prevalent type of sulfur is rhombic sulfur, which is yellow in hue. It is made up of S8 rings that have been puckered into a chair-like conformation. Rhombic sulfur is insoluble in water and stable at temperatures lower than 96°C. Insecticides, fertilizers, and sulfuric acid are all made with it.
Compared to rhombic sulfur, monoclinic sulfur is less frequent and denser. Although it has golden crystals as well, they resemble needles. Monoclinic sulfur can dissolve in some solvents, such as carbon disulfide, and is stable above 96°C. Both the vulcanization of rubber and the creation of gunpowder use it.
The 58 molecules that make up both types of sulfur are the same, but their crystal shapes and physical characteristics are different. Other allotropes of sulfur, like amorphous sulfur and plastic sulfur, which have different structures and characteristics from rhombic and monoclinic sulfur, can also occur.
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when sugar is mixed with water what does it form?
The answer is Solution!
Explanation:
Solution is a homogeneous mixture
of two or more substance. In a
sugar solution, sugar gets uniformly
mixed with water
is it necessary to know the exact volume of water used to dissolve the khp? why or why not
Yes, it is necessary to know the exact volume of water used to dissolve the KHP.
Why is it necessary to know the exact volume of water used to dissolve the KHP?
It is necessary to know the exact volume of water used to dissolve KHP because the volume of water used affects the concentration of the solution, which in turn affects the accuracy of the results obtained. To accurately determine the concentration of a solution, it is important to know the amount of solute (in this case khp) dissolved in a given volume of solvent (water).Therefore, if the volume of water used to dissolve the khp is not known, the concentration of the resulting solution will be unknown as well. This can lead to inaccurate results and make it difficult to compare data with other experiments or measurements. It is important to use precise measurements and follow experimental procedures accurately to ensure reliable results.
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what may operators be required to do when reacting to an overpressure condition oq qualifications
When there is an overpressure condition, operators may be required to take various steps, such as the following:
Shut off or isolate the source of the overpressureReduction of the pressure in the vessel or systemPressure relief valves need to be activated or adjusted to allow for the release of excess pressure.The following are some of the qualifications that are required for an operator:
They must be familiar with the specific operating system, equipment, or method that they will be operating.They should be able to identify the potential hazards associated with the equipment or system and be able to take action to mitigate those hazards.They should have adequate knowledge and training to be able to operate the equipment or system safely.They should have a basic understanding of pressure and the dangers that overpressure poses.Operators may also be required to follow established procedures for dealing with overpressure conditions in order to maintain safety and prevent equipment damage.
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Identify the compound with atoms that have an incomplete octet.
A) BF3
B) ICl5
C) CO2
D) CO
E) Cl2
The compound with atoms that have an incomplete octet is BF3.The correct answer is a.
An octet is a set of eight electrons in the outermost shell of an atom. Noble gases have an octet of electrons in their outermost shells, making them stable. Other elements aim to reach this stable state by either losing or gaining electrons. When they do this, they form ions.
In some cases, however, elements may share electrons to achieve an octet. This is called covalent bonding. In a covalent bond, atoms share valence electrons to reach the stable octet configuration.BF3 is an example of a compound that has atoms with an incomplete octet.
In BF3, boron has only six electrons in its outermost shell. This means that it cannot form an octet on its own. However, by sharing three electrons with three fluorine atoms, boron is able to achieve a stable configuration, even if it does not have a complete octet.
In contrast, the other compounds listed in the question all have atoms that have a complete octet or an expanded octet. For example, CO and CO2 both have atoms with a complete octet. ICl5 and Cl2 both have atoms with an expanded octet. Only BF3 has atoms with an incomplete octet.
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A solution of 100. 0 mL of 0. 200 M KOH is mixed with a solution of 200. 0 mL of 0. 150 M NiSO4. (a) Write the balanced chemical equation for the reaction that occurs. (b) What precipitate forms? (c) What is the limiting reactant? (d) How many grams of this precipitate form? (e) What is the concentration of each ion that remains in solution?
The correct answers are
a) The balanced chemical equation is KOH(aq) + NiSO₄(aq) → Ni(OH)₂(s) + K₂SO₄(aq)
b) Ni(OH)₂.
c) KOH is the limiting reactant
d)1.854 g Ni(OH)₂
e) Concentration of K⁺ and SO₄²⁻ ions in solution is: 0.05333M
(a) The balanced chemical equation for the reaction that occurs can be written as:
KOH(aq) + NiSO₄(aq) → Ni(OH)₂(s) + K₂SO₄(aq)
(b) The precipitate that forms is Ni(OH)₂.
(c) To determine the limiting reactant, we need to calculate the number of moles of KOH and NiSO₄.
Number of moles of KOH = 0.200 mol/L × 0.100 L = 0.0200 mol
Number of moles of NiSO₄ = 0.150 mol/L × 0.200 L = 0.0300 mol
Since KOH and NiSO₄ react in a 1:1 molar ratio, KOH is the limiting reactant because it produces fewer moles of product than NiSO₄.
(d) To calculate the mass of Ni(OH)₂ precipitate formed, we first need to determine the number of moles of Ni(OH)₂ formed:
0.0200 mol KOH × (1 mol Ni(OH)2 / 1 mol KOH) = 0.0200 mol Ni(OH)₂
Therefore, the mass of Ni(OH)₂ formed can be calculated as:
0.0200 mol Ni(OH)2 × 92.71 g/mol = 1.854 g Ni(OH)₂
(e) The balanced chemical equation shows that K₂SO₄ and Ni(OH)₂ are the products of the reaction. To determine the concentration of each ion that remains in solution, we need to calculate the number of moles of each product formed.
Number of moles of K₂SO₄ = 0.0200 mol KOH × (1 mol K₂SO₄ / 1 mol KOH) = 0.0200 mol
Number of moles of Ni(OH)₂ = 0.0200 mol KOH × (1 mol Ni(OH)₂ / 1 mol KOH) = 0.0200 mol
Therefore, the concentration of K⁺ and SO₄²⁻ ions in solution is:
[K⁺] = 0.0200 mol / (0.100 L + 0.200 L) = 0.0533 M
[SO₄²⁻ ] = 0.0200 mol / (0.100 L + 0.200 L) = 0.0533 M
The concentration of Ni²⁺ ions in solution can be calculated by subtracting the number of moles of Ni(OH)₂ from the initial number of moles of NiSO₄:
Number of moles of Ni²⁺ = 0.0300 mol - 0.0200 mol = 0.0100 mol
[Ni2+] = 0.0100 mol / (0.100 L + 0.200 L) = 0.0267 M.
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what is the correct structure of the cyclic hemiacetal that forms under acidic conditions when 5-hydroxy-4-methylpentanal cyclizes?
The correct structure of the cyclic hemiacetal that forms under acidic conditions when 5-hydroxy-4-methylpentanal cyclizes is attached below.
How do compounds form under acidic conditions?In this structure, the aldehyde group (CHO) and the hydroxyl group (OH) on the same molecule have reacted to form a cyclic hemiacetal. The carbon atom in the aldehyde group has formed a bond with the oxygen atom in the hydroxyl group, resulting in a five-membered ring structure.
The hemiacetal group (-CH(OH)-) is attached to the second carbon atom in the chain, which is also methyl-substituted (H3C-) and located next to the oxygen atom in the ring.
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The formation of SO3 from SO2 and O2 is an intermediate step in the manufacture of sulfuric acid, and it is also responsible for the acid rain phenomenon. The equilibrium constant KP for the reaction 2SO2(g) + O2(g) ⇌ 2SO3(g) is 0. 13 at 803°C. In one experiment, 2. 00 mol SO2 and 2. 00 mol O2 were initially present in a flask. What must be the total pressure at equilibrium in order to have an 61. 0% yield of SO3?
For a yield of SO₃ of 61.0%, the overall pressure at equilibrium must be 332 atm.
The given equilibrium reaction is 2SO₂(g) + O₂(g) ⇌ 2SO₃(g) with equilibrium constant KP = 0.13 at 803°C.
Initially, 2.00 mol SO₂ and 2.00 mol O₂ are present in a flask. Let 'x' be the number of moles of SO₃ formed at equilibrium. Therefore, the number of moles of SO₂ and O₂consumed in the reaction is also 'x'.
According to the balanced equation, 2 moles of SO₂react with 1 mole of O₂ to form 2 moles of SO₃. Thus, the number of moles of SO₃ formed is '2x'.
Using the equilibrium constant expression, we get:
KP = [SO₃]2 / [SO₂]2 [O₂]
Substituting the equilibrium concentrations in terms of 'x', we get:
0.13 = (2x / (2.00 - x))2 (2.00 - x - x)
Simplifying and solving for 'x', we get:
x = 0.958 mol
The number of moles of SO₃ formed at equilibrium is 2x = 1.92 mol.
To find the total pressure at equilibrium, we can use the ideal gas law:
PV = nRT
where P is the total pressure, V is the volume, n is the number of moles, R is the gas constant, and T is the temperature.
Assuming the volume and temperature remain constant, we can write:
P = ntotal RT / V
where ntotal is the total number of moles of gas present at equilibrium.
Initially, we have 2.00 mol SO₂ and 2.00 mol O₂, so the total number of moles of gas present initially is:
ntotal = 2.00 + 2.00 = 4.00 mol
At equilibrium, we have 0.958 mol SO₂, 0.958 mol O₂, and 1.92 mol SO₃. Therefore, the total number of moles of gas present at equilibrium is:
ntotal = 0.958 + 0.958 + 1.92 = 3.84 mol
Substituting the values in the equation for P, we get:
P = (3.84 mol) (0.0821 L atm mol-1 K-1) (1076 K) / (1.00 L) = 332 atm
Therefore, the total pressure at equilibrium must be 332 atm to have a 61.0% yield of SO₃.
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If aluminum has a density of 2. 7g/cm what is the volume in cubic centimeters found in 54 grams of aluminum
calculate the edge length for an 85 wt% fe-15 wr% v alloy. all of the vanadium is in solid solution and at room temperature
The edge length of a body-centered cubic (BCC) unit cell for the given alloy is 1.93 Å.
The edge length of a body-centered cubic (BCC) unit cell can be calculated using the following formula:
Edge length = (4/√3)a
Where a is the length of the edge of the unit cell. Here, Fe is the solvent, and V is the solute. The formula for a solid-solution alloy's density can be expressed as follows:
ρ = [M1ρ1 + M2ρ2]/[M1 + M2]
where M1 and M2 are the molecular weights of the solvent and solute atoms, respectively, and ρ1 and ρ2 are their densities. The molecular weight of the solvent Fe and the solute V are 55.85 and 50.94 g/mol, respectively. At room temperature, the densities of Fe and V are 7.86 g/cm³ and 6.0 g/cm³, respectively. We'll use the following equation to determine the density of the alloy:
ρ = [85(7.86) + 15(6.0)]/[85 + 15]
ρ = (668.1/100)
ρ = 6.68 g/cm³
Substituting these values in the formula for edge length of BCC unit cell, we get,
Edge length = (4/√3) × a6.68 = (4/√3) × a
We will then solve for a as follows:
a = (6.68 × √3)/4a = 1.93Å
Therefore, the edge length for the given alloy is 1.93 Å.
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explain why k values for these four reactions should all be approximately equal?
The value of k i.e. rate constant indicate the reaction is very fast. In this case, it is the first-order reaction.
The higher value in this case is the order of 12. The unit of k is (1/time) i.e. (1/s). The rate expression is given as follows
[tex]r_{A}=\frac{dC_{A}}{dt}=-kC_{A}..............(1)dC = -kdt..............................(2)[/tex]
If we consider the case of CA, for example, either Iodide ions as their concentration are small as compared to BrO3- and hydrogen ions, then iodide ion concentration is decreasing very fast.
Similar is the case for others. So, it increases the rate of reaction of the order of 12. The rate of disappearance of reactants mentioned in the table is almost high and it shows nearly the same value of k.
2. The rate of reaction is based on the concentration of the limiting reactant.
The rate of reaction is given by the following expression. Integrating equation(2) from initial concentration (CA0) to final concentration (CA),
[tex]\int_{C_{A0}}^{C_{A}}-\frac{dC_{A}}{C_{A}} = k\int_{0}^{t}dt-ln\frac{C_{A}}{C_{A0}}=kt[/tex]
There is no information about the initial concentration of reactants (CA0) i.e. initial volume of stock solution for each of the reactants.
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The complete question is:
Rates of Chemical Reactions: A Clock Reaction tab/-R e p o r t Name Time MTWRF Reaction # k" k, 3.68 x 10,2 Explain why values for these four reactions should all be approximately equal: Use the k above and the reactant concentrations from Part A to predict the relative rate and time (t) for reaction mixture #5 (show work): trek" relative rateprekted
consider this two-step mechanism for a reaction: what is the overall reaction? identify the intermediates in the mechanism. what is the predicted rate law?
The overall reaction is: NO₂(g) + Cl₂(g) → 2ClNO₂(g), The intermediates in the mechanism are ClNO₂(g) and Cl(g), and the predicted rate law for the overall reaction is k[NO₂]²[Cl₂].
The overall reaction will be: NO₂(g) + Cl₂(g) → 2ClNO₂(g)
The intermediates in the mechanism are ClNO₂(g) and Cl(g).
To determine the predicted rate law, we need to write the rate expressions for each step of the mechanism:
Step 1: Rate1 = k₁[NO₂][Cl₂]
Step 2: Rate2 = k₂[NO₂][Cl]
Since the second step is fast and involves an intermediate, we can assume that the concentration of the intermediate ClNO₂ is in steady-state, which means that its rate of formation will be equal to its rate of consumption. Therefore:
Rate1 = Rate2
k1[NO₂][Cl₂] = k₂[NO₂][ClNO₂]
Solving for [ClNO₂], we get:
[ClNO₂] = (k₁/k₂)[Cl₂]
Substituting this expression into the rate expression for the first step, we get:
Rate1 = k₁[NO₂][(k₁/k₂)[Cl₂]] = (k₁²/k₂)[NO₂][Cl₂]
Therefore, predicted rate law for the overall reaction will be:
Rate = k[NO₂]²[Cl₂]
where k = k₁²/k₂.
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--The given question is incomplete, the complete question is
"Consider this two-step mechanism for a reaction: NO₂(g) + Cl₂(g) ? ClNO₂(g) + Cl(g) Slow NO₂(g) + Cl(g) ? ClNO₂(g) Fast a. What is the overall reaction? b. Identify the intermediates in the mechanism. c. What is the predicted rate law?"--
Some cracker tins include a glass vial of drying material in the lid to keep the crackers crisp. In many cases, the material is a mixture of magnesium sulfate and cobalt chloride indicators. As the magnesium sulfate absorbs moisture (MgSO4 ∙ H2O + 6H2O MgSO4 ∙ 7H2O), the indicator changes color from blue to pink (CoCl2 ∙ 4H2O + 2H2O CoCl2 ∙ 6H2O). write equations for the reactions that occur when this mixture is heated
The reactions that occur when this mixture is heated are [tex]MgSO_4 + 7H_2O[/tex] (heat) and [tex]CoCl_2 + 6H_2O[/tex](heat).
It is given that the material used in some cracker tins that include a glass vial of drying material in the lid to keep the crackers crisp is a mixture magnesium sulfate and cobalt chloride indicators.
The indicator changes color from blue to pink when magnesium sulfate absorbs moisture. The reaction is as follows:
[tex]MgSO_4 . H_2O + 6H_2O--- > MgSO_4 . 7H_2O[/tex]
Similarly cobalt chloride absorbs moisture as:
[tex]CoCl_2 . 4H_2O + 2H_2O --- > CoCl_2 . 6H_2O[/tex]
When these substances are heated the following reaction takes place:
This reaction is an endothermic reaction that involves the removal of water molecules from magnesium sulfate, producing anhydrous magnesium sulfate and water vapor.
[tex]MgSO_4 . 7H_2O -- > MgSO_4 + 7H_2O (heat)[/tex]
It involves the removal of water molecules from cobalt chloride, producing anhydrous cobalt chloride and water vapor.
[tex]CoCl_2 . 4H_2O + 2H_2O -- > CoCl_2 + 6H_2O (heat)[/tex]
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how long would it take to plate 8.96 g of nickel onto copper using a 2.0 v power supply with a 315 ma current flow and 0.50 m nickel (ii) acetate solution? assume a current efficiency of 100% and that your plating solution contains the ni(ii) ion.
Using Faraday's law, we can calculate the amount of time it would take to plate 8.96 g of nickel onto copper using a 2.0 V power supply with a 315 mA current flow and a 0.50 M nickel (ii) acetate solution. Faraday's law states that the amount of charge required to plate one mole of metal is equal to the current multiplied by the time.
In this case, we can calculate the time by dividing the total charge (8.96 g/63.55 g/mol = 0.14 mol) by the current (315 mA = 0.315 A). This gives us a total time of 0.45 minutes, or 27 seconds. This assumes a 100% current efficiency, which is often not the case due to the presence of side reactions in the plating solution. Therefore, it is likely that the actual time to plate 8.96 g of nickel will be longer than 27 seconds.
In conclusion, it would take 27 seconds to plate 8.96 g of nickel onto copper using a 2.0 V power supply with a 315 mA current flow and a 0.50 M nickel (ii) acetate solution, assuming 100% current efficiency. However, due to side reactions in the plating solution, the actual time may be longer.
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What type of energy is stored in the nucleus of a uranium atom?
(T/F) the allowable range for an objective function coefficient assumes that the original estimates for all the other coefficients are completely accurate so that this is the only one whose true value may differ from its original estimate.
It is true that the allowable range for an objective function coefficient considers the original estimates for all the other coefficients when estimating the range for this particular coefficient.
Generally the range is determined by the degree of uncertainty in the data used to estimate the coefficients, as well as the level of risk that the decision-maker is willing to accept. Therefore, sometimes the range for an objective function coefficient does not necessarily depend on the accuracy of the other coefficients. For example, if the objective function is to maximize profit, then the allowable range for any coefficient would be the range of values that would result in the highest possible profit, regardless of other coefficient estimates.
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give an explain why the henderson hasselbalch equation can be used at the beginning and at the equivalence point of the titration
The Henderson-Hasselbalch equation can be used at the beginning and at the equivalence point of the titration because it relates the pH of a solution to the ratio of the concentration of the conjugate base and the weak acid of a buffer system.
At the beginning of a titration, the buffer system is intact, and the concentration ratio of the weak acid and its conjugate base remains constant. Therefore, the pH of the solution can be calculated using the Henderson-Hasselbalch equation.At the equivalence point of a titration, the moles of the acid and base in the solution are equal, and the buffer system is no longer present.
However, the Henderson-Hasselbalch equation can still be used to determine the pH of the solution because it relates the pH to the ratio of the concentration of the acid and the base. At the equivalence point, the concentration of the acid is equal to the concentration of its conjugate base, and the pH of the solution can be calculated using the Henderson-Hasselbalch equation.
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a student creates a solution with a molarity of 1.55 m. if the solute has a molar mass of 110 g/mol and the solution contains 188 g of solute, what is the volume of the solution?
the volume of the solution is: 1.1035 L or 1103.5 mL.
The given is as follows:
a student creates a solution with a molarity of 1.55 m.
If the solute has a molar mass of 110 g/mol and
the solution contains 188 g of solute,
what is the volume of the solution?
Let's calculate the volume of the solution. The volume of the solution can be calculated using the formula:
moles of solute = mass of solute ÷ molar mass
molarity = moles of solute ÷ volume of solution
We need to calculate the volume of the solution.
Thus, rearranging the above formula, we get:
Volume of solution = Moles of solute ÷ Molarity
Calculate the number of moles of solute
Number of moles of solute = Mass of solute ÷ Molar mass= 188 g ÷ 110 g/mol= 1.7091 mol
Now, we can calculate the volume of the solution.
Volume of solution = Number of moles of solute ÷ Molarity= 1.7091 mol ÷ 1.55 mol/L≈ 1.1035 L or 1103.5 mL
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when 300 ml of a solution of .2 m agno3 is mixed with 100 ml of a .05 molar cacl2, what is the concentration of silver ion after the reaction has gone to completion
The concentration of silver ion after the reaction of 300 mL of a .2 molar solution of AgNO3 with 100 mL of a .05 molar solution of CaCl2 has gone to completion is 0.15 molar.
The equation for the reaction is: 2AgNO3 + CaCl2 → 2AgCl + Ca(NO3)2.
The molar concentration of the AgNO3 solution is 0.2 molar. When 300 mL of this solution is added to 100 mL of a 0.05 molar solution of CaCl2, the moles of AgNO3 will be 0.6 and the moles of CaCl2 will be 0.05.
When the reaction goes to completion, 0.6 moles of AgNO3 will produce 0.6 moles of AgCl. Therefore, the concentration of silver ions will be 0.6/400 mL, or 0.15 molar.
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when excess mg(oh)2 is added to pure water, what is the equilibrium ph? ksp for mg(oh)2 is 7.1 x 10-12 ?
The equilibrium pH of the solution will be approximately 9.72 when excess Mg(OH)₂ is added to pure water.
When excess Mg(OH)₂ is added to pure water, it will dissociate slightly to form Mg²⁺ and OH⁻ ions according to the following equation:
Mg(OH)₂ ⇌ Mg²⁺ + 2OH⁻
The Ksp for Mg(OH)₂ is given as 7.1 x 10⁻¹², which is the equilibrium constant for the dissociation of Mg(OH)₂ into Mg²⁺ and OH⁻ ions. The expression for Ksp is:
Ksp = [Mg²⁺][OH⁻]²
Since Mg(OH)₂ dissociates into one Mg²⁺ ion and two OH⁻ ions, we can rewrite the equation as:
Ksp = [Mg²⁺][OH⁻]² = 7.1 x 10⁻¹²
Since we are adding excess Mg(OH)₂ to pure water, the initial concentration of Mg²⁺ and OH⁻ ions can be considered negligible. Let x be the concentration of OH⁻ ions that will be produced upon dissociation of Mg(OH)₂. Then, the equilibrium concentration of Mg²⁺ ions will be equal to x, and the equilibrium concentration of OH⁻ ions will be equal to 2x.
Substituting these values into Ksp expression, we have:
Ksp = [Mg²⁺][OH⁻]² = (x)(2x)² = 4x³ = 7.1 x 10⁻¹²
Solving for x, we get:
x = 5.3 x 10⁻⁵ M
Therefore, the equilibrium concentration of OH⁻ ions in the solution will be 5.3 x 10⁻⁵ M. To calculate the pH of solution, we can use the relationship:
pH = 14 - pOH
pOH = -log[OH⁻] = -log(5.3 x 10⁻⁵) = 4.28
pH = 14 - 4.28
= 9.72
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Why would the reaction of 2-chloro-2-methylpropane with silver nitrate in ethanol proceed at a faster rate than the reaction of 2-chlorobutane with silver nitrate in ethanol?
a) 2-chloroquine-2-methylpropane is more sterically hindered than 2- chlorobutane
b) 2-chloroquine-2-methylpropane forms a more stable carbonation than 2- chlorobutane
c) 2-chloroquine-2-methylpropane forms less stable carbonation than 2- chlorobutane
d) 2-chloroquine-2-methylpropane is less sterically hindered than 2- chlorobutane
The reaction of 2-chloro-2-methylpropane with silver nitrate in ethanol proceeds at a faster rate than the reaction of 2-chlorobutane with silver nitrate in ethanol because 2-chloro-2-methylpropane forms a more stable carbocation than 2-chlorobutane. The correct answer is option b) 2-chloro-2-methylpropane forms a more stable carbocation than 2-chlorobutane.
This is because 2-chloro-2-methylpropane forms a tertiary carbocation, which is more stable due to the inductive effect and hyper conjugation. On the other hand, 2-chlorobutane forms a secondary carbocation, which is less stable. The higher stability of the carbocation in the case of 2-chloro-2-methylpropane leads to a faster reaction rate with silver nitrate in ethanol.
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the radioactive substance iridium-192 has a half-life of 73.83 days. how many days would it take for a sample of iridium-192 to decay to 10% of its original amount? round your answer to the nearest integer.
It would take 221 days for a sample of iridium-192 to decay to 10% of its original amount.
The half-life of iridium-192 is 73.83 days.
Now, the formula for calculating the time is given by;
ln(Nt/N0)=-λt
Where Nt is the number of radioactive atoms remaining after time t, N0 is the initial number of radioactive atoms, t is the half-life and λ is the decay constant.
Taking 10% of the initial amount of the radioactive substance which is the final amount of the substance and solving for t gives
ln(0.1) = -λt
Now substituting the value of half-life which is 73.83 days into the equation gives;
ln(0.1) = -ln(2)/73.83(t)= -ln(0.1) / ln(2) * 73.83t = 220.64 days (rounded to the nearest integer).
Thus, it would take 221 days for a sample of iridium-192 to decay to 10% of its original amount.
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identify the lr when 5.87g mg(oh)2 react with 12.84g hcl to form mgcl2 and water. mg(oh)2 hcl ??? mgcl2 h2o
To identify the limiting reactant in this reaction, we need to compare the amount of product that can be produced from each reactant. The balanced chemical equation for the reaction is:
Mg(OH)₂+ 2HCl → MgCl₂ + 2H₂O
The molar mass of Mg(OH)₂ is 58.32 g/mol, and the molar mass of HCl is 36.46 g/mol. We can use these values to calculate the number of moles of each reactant:
5.87 g Mg(OH)₂ / 58.32 g/mol = 0.1005 mol Mg(OH)₂
12.84 g HCl / 36.46 g/mol = 0.352 mol HCl
According to the stoichiometry of the balanced equation, 1 mole of Mg(OH)₂ reacts with 2 moles of HCl to form 1 mole of MgCl₂. Therefore, the amount of MgCl₂ that can be produced from each reactant is:
From Mg(OH)2: 0.1005 mol Mg(OH)₂ × 1 mol MgCl₂ / 1 mol Mg(OH)₂ = 0.1005 mol MgCl₂
From HCl: 0.352 mol HCl × 1 mol MgCl₂ / 2 mol HCl = 0.176 mol MgCl₂
Since Mg(OH)₂ produces less MgCl₂ compared to HCl, it is the limiting reactant, and HCl is in excess. Therefore, Mg(OH)₂ is the limiting reactant in this reaction.
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Why phenol is a weak acid?
Phenol is a weak acid because there is a lot of charge around the oxygen which tends to attract the hydrogen ion back again.
Generally a weak acid is defined as an acid that partially dissociate into it's ions in an aqueous solution. Basically phenol can donate a proton and behave as an acid. The phenoxide ion is formed by the donation of proton, and is stabilized due to delocalization of electrons.
Generally, oxygen is regarded as the most electronegative element in the ion and the delocalized electrons is usually drawn towards oxygen. Due to this attraction there will still be a lot of charge present around the oxygen which tends to attract the hydrogen ion back again and this is the reason why phenol is only a very weak acid.
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Which statement about solubility is true?
Solubility is how much solute will dissolve in solvent.
Solubility is how much solute will precipitate out of solvent.
Solubility is how much solvent will dissolve in solute.
Solubility is how much solid only will dissolve in liquid only.
The statement "Solubility is how much solute will dissolve in solvent" is true.
What does solubility refers too ?Solubility refers to the maximum amount of a substance (solute) that can dissolve in a given amount of solvent at a specific temperature and pressure. The solubility of a substance can be influenced by several factors such as temperature, pressure, and the chemical nature of the solute and solvent.
When the maximum amount of solute has been dissolved in the solvent, the solution is said to be saturated. If more solute is added to a saturated solution, it will not dissolve and will instead precipitate out of the solution.
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How many chemical elements are there?
There are 118 elements on the periodic table.