According to the writings of St. Augustine, St. Thomas Aquinas, Ibn Rushd, and Al-Farabi, religion has played a major role in the history of authoritarianism.
For example, St. Augustine’s "City of God" presents an authoritative view of the church and its hierarchy, while St. Thomas Aquinas argues in favor of the divine right of kings and limited monarchy. Ibn Rushd’s writings describe how religious authority was used to legitimize rulers.
Al-Farabi proposed that society should be ruled by a philosopher king and that the people should be divided into three classes according to their abilities. All of these ideas have had a major influence on the development of authoritarianism in various societies.
For instance, many societies have based their governing structures on religious authorities and have used religious texts to legitimize their power. These societies have also used religion to justify social hierarchies, with the ruling class at the top and the peasantry at the bottom.
Furthermore, authoritarian rulers have often relied on religion to suppress dissent and quell popular unrest.
In conclusion, the writings of St. Augustine, St. Thomas Aquinas, Ibn Rushd, and Al-Farabi have played an important role in the development of authoritarianism in history.
Their ideas have been used to legitimize the power of rulers and to justify social hierarchies, as well as to suppress opposition to their rule.
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HELP!!! Why was this case important?
Many states in the early 1800s passed laws to protect businesses within their borders. New York gave two men the exclusive right of steamboat navigation on the state's waters. One of the men was Robert Fulton, who invented the steamboat Clermont. Aaron Ogden had a special license from the men to use steamboats on the state's waters. Ogden requested that a local court stop Thomas Gibbons from running his boats, which competed with Ogden's. The court agreed and issued Gibbons an injunction to stop using his boats in New York.
Gibbons appealed the decision to the U.S. Supreme Court. He had permission from Congress to use his steamboats between New Jersey and New York waters. Business that involves more than one state is interstate trade. Congress regulated interstate commerce under the U.S. Constitution. Chief Justice John Marshall presided over the case.
Did Congress have the power to override state laws related to commerce?
Gibbons Argument:
Under the Commerce Clause (Article I, Clause 8), Congress has the right to regulate interstate trade. Transportation over water is an essential part of that trade. Congress has a law regulating coastal trade. Therefore, a state law that interferes with navigation relating to interstate trade conflicts with the Commerce Clause.
Ogden Argument:
The Commerce Clause refers to interstate trade only. The New York law applies only within the borders of New York. New York has rights under the Constitution to make laws to protect its interests within its borders.
Was the New York law that granted exclusive navigation unconstitutional, interfering with federal powers?
Gibbons Argument:
The Supremacy Clause (Article VI, Clause 2) states that federal law takes priority over state law. The Commerce Clause includes any activity that affects interstate commerce, including navigation. The New York law prevents navigation of out-of-state traders on its waters. If New York can grant exclusive rights of navigation, it will prevent the flow of trade between states along the coast.
Ogden Argument:
New York is a sovereign state; it has the right to regulate businesses in its state borders, including the granting of special rights of navigation. Commerce is the trade in goods and services. It does not include movement of goods over state water. Navigation is not part of the Commerce Clause, and therefore the states have the right to regulate it.
The Judgment
The Supreme Court unanimously (6–0) ruled in favour of Gibbons and the federal government. The case was important because it established a precedent for Congress to override state law when it conflicts with federal law. It also extended the definition of commerce to include navigation. States could not pass commerce laws in direct conflict with federal law. The case has an economic impact as well because the decision allows the federal government some control over trade within and across state borders.
what two things fueled the anti-war movement during 1968? election of richard nixon the tet offensive institution of the draft coverage of increasing deaths of american soldiers and vietnamese civilians
The 1968 protests were a result of numerous things. Many were in retaliation for what people believed to be injustice by governments—specifically, the Johnson administration vietnamese civilians .
What gave the anti-Vietnam War movement its impetus?As North Vietnamese communist troops launched their Tet Offensive in January 1968 and successfully engaged US and South Vietnamese forces, it sent shockwaves across the home front and ignited a particularly intense period of antiwar demonstrations.
What occurred in 1968 caused the number of anti-war demonstrations to rise across the US?The conflict for Hue, a significant Vietnamese city that was overrun by communist troops during the Tet offensive and retaken after weeks of intense warfare, increased fears about Vietnam.
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who led a rebellion against louis the 14th because of taxes
The rebellion you are referring to is known as the "War of the Great Organizations" or the "Nine Years' War" which took place between 1688 and 1697. Against Louis XIV of France, the British, and the Dutch, Promoted by many European countries, including Spain.
Louis XIV was a powerful and wealthy lord who accepted the sacred rights of his lordship. So Shaw accepted that he was chosen by God to command France. In any case, his exorbitant investments in war and construction projects weighed heavily on the French economy.
Adding to this problem, Louis XIV overextended his territory by attacking neighboring countries, leading to conflicts with other European powers. The Fantastic War of His Organization was waged jointly by these nations to prevent Louis XIV from becoming effective and to secure the territories he claimed.
The war was long and difficult, but inevitably ended with the marking of the settlement of Lyswick in 1697, restoring the pre-war status quo. The war was costly and devastating to all involved, but it didn't seem futile for other lords and nations to run the show.
In short, the war of amazing collusion was resistant to Louis XIV's efforts to expand his territory and increase the charges against his individuals. It was pushed by other European powers who had to secure their own interfaces and prevent Louis XIV from getting better as well.
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What is nationalism?
When all property is publicly owned
pride for ones country
An absolute monarchy
Belief in a strong military
Answer:
Nationalism is pride for ones country
Explanation:
who was the controversial french ambassador to the united states who openly recruited american volunteers to commit acts of war against england and spain?
The French ambassador to the United States who openly recruited American volunteers to commit acts of war against England and Spain was Pierre Augustin Caron de Beaumarchais.
He was a French playwright, watchmaker, entrepreneur, spy, and diplomat. He served as the French ambassador to the United States from 1777 to 1780 and worked to enlist volunteers in the American Revolution. Beaumarchais was a controversial figure as his efforts to recruit volunteers often involved smuggling weapons and munitions into the United States.
He was also accused of using the volunteers he recruited to carry out acts of piracy against English and Spanish ships. He faced several accusations and legal challenges throughout his mission, but he was ultimately exonerated of any wrongdoing.
Beaumarchais was an important figure in the American Revolution, as he helped to secure support for the rebel cause and recruit volunteers who were essential in helping to win the war. He was a controversial figure, but his efforts to recruit volunteers for the American Revolution and his willingness to take risks for the cause of freedom and democracy were invaluable to the success of the Revolutionary War.
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in 1842, seventeen texans who drew black beans out of a pot were shot by the mexican army as punishment for:
In 1842, seventeen Texans who drew black beans out of a pot were shot by the Mexican army as punishment for fighting against Mexico.
After the Battle of Salado Creek, some Texan soldiers, who had fought against Mexico in the Mexican–American War, were captured by the Mexican forces.
They were made to draw beans out of a jar, with those who drew a black bean being designated for execution and those who drew white beans being designated for imprisonment.
Black Bean Episode is a tragic event that occurred during the early Texas era. It occurred on March 25, 1843. 34 Texans were captured by the Mexicans and were made to draw a bean from a jar.
17 men who drew black beans were executed by the Mexican Army. This event was called the Black Bean Episode.
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what changes have happened since mardi gras came to new orleans that didn't exist before it was down there? (search mardi gras history)?
The Mardi Gras festival has been celebrated in New Orleans since 1857. Since then, there have been many changes that did not exist before Mardi Gras came to the city. These changes include increased tourism, the addition of more parades, and a wider variety of festival activities.
1. Increased tourism: New Orleans has become a popular tourist destination, particularly during Mardi Gras. This has increased the city's overall economic development.
2. More parades: The festival now includes more parades, many of which showcase unique floats and costumes.
3. Wider variety of activities: Visitors can now enjoy more activities during Mardi Gras, such as live music, art shows, street performers, and more.
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Do you think American society today could or would tolerate the same sacrifices as World War 2? Why or why not? How has the Afghan and Iraqi wars affected American Society today? Do you believe American citizens share some of the sacrifices that it's soldiers experience while serving during wartime?
It is hard to say whether American culture today would endure similar penances as The Second Great War.
How has the Afghan and Iraqi wars affected American Society today?American society has been significantly impacted by the Afghanistan and Iraq wars. Debates about whether or not the wars are necessary and effective have arisen as a result of the wars' cost in the trillions of dollars and the loss of thousands of American lives. The wars have also led to increased scrutiny of U.S. military policies and actions, as well as inquiries regarding the United States' involvement in international conflicts.
It is essential to keep in mind that while civilians in the United States do not make the same sacrifices as soldiers do during times of war, they do bear some of the costs and effects of war. For instance, communities may be impacted by the loss of soldiers who have died in combat, and the families of soldiers who are deployed may face difficulties in terms of emotional and financial well-being.
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what movement aimed at changing the roman catholic church, which established the protestant church?\
The movement you are referring to is the Protestant Reformation. This movement was a 16th-century religious and political challenge to papal authority in Catholic Europe.
1. The Protestant Reformation was a 16th-century religious and political challenge to the authority of the Roman Catholic Church.
2. This movement was started by Martin Luther, a German theologian, in 1517.
3. His 95 theses were a list of complaints against the Catholic Church's practice of selling indulgences.
4. The Reformation resulted in the establishment of Protestant churches, and a series of religious wars.
5. The Protestant Reformation also sparked an age of exploration and discovery, as new trading routes were established by countries seeking religious freedom.
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in what ways did economic developments in colonial brazil differ from developments in spanish america
There are a few ways in which economic developments in colonial Brazil differ from developments in Spanish America - focus of the economy, labor systems, social structures and political systems.
There are a few ways in which economic developments in colonial Brazil differ from developments in Spanish America:
1. The main focus of the economy was different. In Brazil, the main focus was on the export of primary commodities such as sugar, tobacco, and gold. In Spanish America, the main focus was on the export of silver and other precious metals.
2. The labor systems were different. In Brazil, the economy was based on the use of enslaved Africans who worked on sugar plantations. In Spanish America, indigenous people were often used for labor.
3. The social structures were different. In Brazil, there was a large slave population, which led to a highly stratified society. In Spanish America, the social structure was less rigid, and there was a larger middle class.
4. The role of the Catholic Church was different. In Brazil, the Catholic Church played a large role in the economy, as it controlled many of the institutions that produced and processed sugar. In Spanish America, the Catholic Church was more focused on evangelization and conversion.
5. The political systems were different. In Brazil, the colony was governed by a governor appointed by the king of Portugal. In Spanish America, there was a more decentralized system of government, with multiple competing centers of power.
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The following question may be like this:
In what ways did economic developments in colonial Brazil differ from developments in Spanish America?
Brazil focused on gold and diamonds while Spanish America's focus was silverfocus of the economy, labor systems, social structures and political systems. Indigenous and African cultures fused with Portuguese ideas They built many opulent churches with their newfound wealthWhat amendment protected all men’s ability to vote from discrimination
Answer:
Your answer is: 15th amendment
Explanation:
the flexner report conducted in the early 1900s is responsible for sweeping changes that continue until the present day. what was the most influential result of the report?
The Flexner Report, by American educator Abraham Flexner in 1910, had a significant impact on medical education and has been considered one of the most influential documents in the history of modern medicine. The report was conducted at a time when medical education in the United States was in crisis, with a lack of standards and a lack of regulation.
The most influential outcome of the Flexner report was the standardization of medical education in the United States. Flexner recommended the implementation of a set of standards that had to be met by medical schools, which resulted in the elimination of many low-quality medical schools and the consolidation of the best schools.
In addition, the report also emphasized the importance of research in medicine, which led to greater emphasis on research and the development of evidence-based medicine.
Overall, the Flexner report led to significant reform in medical education in the United States, improving the quality of medical care in the country and laying the foundation for modern research- and evidence-based medicine.
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why do we need to trade currency?
please give big explanation
Answer:
Today, we live in a world where the exchange of goods and services happens for money. This money is in the form of a particular currency. Now, the value of one currency will not be the same as that of another and this is where the need for trade currency.
Workers on a plantation were supervised by the overseer. O True O False
Answer:
True
Explanation:
What is frida Kahlo famous for?
How was the American Revolution related to the Age of Enlightenment?
A)The Revolution represented Enlightenment ideas put into action.
B)The Revolution occurred just before the Enlightenment and inspired many of its ideas.
C)The Revolution required American colonists to apply Enlightenment military strategies.
D)The Revolution forced European monarchs to raise larger armies and navies.
C) The American Revolution was connected to the Age of Enlightenment because it required American colonists to use military strategies from the Enlightenment.
Which revolution brought about the Enlightenment?The most significant sources of the Enlightenment were the complementary rational and empirical methods that were introduced during the scientific revolution. Explore the Renaissance period in greater detail.
Currently, the French Revolution is frequently regarded as a period in which Enlightenment ideas were implemented. The Declaration of the Rights of Man and Citizen is another example of how the Enlightenment influenced the French Revolution. The religious landscape of the American colonies was dominated by enlightenment ideals of rationalism and intellectual and religious freedom. These ideals were a major factor in the American Revolution and the establishment of a nation without a recognized religion.
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Why was having the March on Washington in front of the Lincoln Memorial significant to the Civil Rights Movement?
THIS IS FOR ECONOMICS (please help)
One of the main concepts on successful investing is diversification of your portfolio. What does this mean? How would you select stocks?
Spreading your investments among many asset classes limits your exposure to any one asset type. This is known as diversification.
What does it imply that one of the key principles of successful investing is portfolio diversification?When managing your money, the same idea applies. Investing your money wisely across a variety of assets and asset classes is what is meant by diversification in terms of risk management.
What do the notions of investing diversity entail?Spreading out your investments across and across several asset classes is what is meant by diversification. Moreover, rebalancing entails making periodic adjustments to make sure that you continue to meet your goal allocation over time. All are crucial instruments for controlling investment risk.
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What was a common argument of those who supported US imperialism in the early 1900s?
A.
B.
C.
The United States had a duty to spread liberty and democracy throughout the globe.
The rise of fascist ideology threatened global economic and political stability.
The United States must retake territory it had lost through conflict with other nations.
The only way to ensure national security was through conquest and expansion.
Answer: A. The United States had a duty to spread liberty and democracy throughout the globe was a common argument of those who supported US imperialism in the early 1900s.
which levels of government did new mexico control?
At one point 80% of Europe was covered in forest. As of today, how much of this 80% has been removed?
The portion of the 80% of forests that once covered Europe that have been removed is 46 %.
How much of Europe is covered by forests ?It is estimated that as of today, approximately 34 % of Europe's land area is covered by forests. This means that roughly 46% of the forests that once covered Europe have been removed over time due to various human activities such as agriculture, logging, and urbanization.
However, it's worth noting that some European countries have managed to increase their forest coverage in recent years through reforestation efforts and the expansion of protected areas.
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Where was the headquarters of the united nations located, and why? a. london, so that it would be close to europe but safely apart from the mainland b. france near the border with west germany, because that had been the source of so much conflict genevac. switzerland, because the swiss had successfully avoided both world wars d. new york city, to make sure that the united states would contribute to it
The United Nations headquarters are in New York City, United States of America, to ensure that the United States contributes to it. Option D is correct.
The headquarters of the United Nations is located in New York City, United States of America. The decision to establish the headquarters in New York was made during the planning stages of the United Nations Conference on International Organization, held in San Francisco in 1945. New York City was chosen primarily because of its central location and accessibility, as well as the political and economic influence of the United States in the post-World War II world.
In addition, the United States government was a strong advocate for the establishment of the United Nations and offered to provide the necessary resources for the organization's headquarters. The US government also offered to provide a site for the headquarters and to construct a building to house the organization.
The location of the United Nations headquarters in New York City has made it accessible and visible to the international community, allowing for increased participation and engagement with the organization. The headquarters has become a symbol of international cooperation and a platform for addressing global issues, including peace and security, human rights, and sustainable development. Option D is correct.
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Answer:
New York City, to make sure that the United States would contribute to it
Explanation:
page(s) 782-783 20.3. why did the protection of civil liberties gain importance in the 1920s? identify the events that took place during the 1920s that demonstrate the limitations to civil liberties at that time.
The protection of civil liberties gained importance in the 1920s due to a number of events. Following World War I, the country was undergoing major social changes as women had gained the right to vote and various forms of entertainment such as movies, jazz, and sports were gaining popularity.
This newfound freedom also led to a number of government actions that sought to restrict civil liberties. The 1920s saw the introduction of prohibition, which prohibited the sale of alcohol, as well as the Palmer Raids, which targeted foreign immigrants who were thought to be radicals.
Additionally, the Red Scare of 1919-1920 led to the suppression of freedom of speech and expression, as people were afraid to express political opinions. Overall, the 1920s saw a number of events that limited civil liberties.
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when the committee of public safety fell from power in 1794, it was replaced by a more moderate group known as the
When the Committee of Public Safety fell from power in 1794, it was replaced by a more moderate group known as the Thermidorian Reaction.
This group was made up of individuals who had become dissatisfied with the extreme measures taken by the Committee, particularly in regards to the Reign of Terror that had taken place from 1793-1794.
The Thermidorian Reaction sought to restore a more moderate and stable government in France.
The fall of the Committee of Public Safety came as a result of several factors. Firstly, the military situation had improved for France, which had allowed for the threat of foreign invasion to recede.
This made it easier for those who had previously supported the Committee to turn against it, as they were no longer in fear of imminent danger.
Secondly, there was growing opposition to the extreme measures taken by the Committee, particularly in regards to the Reign of Terror. This opposition was particularly strong among the more moderate members of the Convention, who had previously supported the Committee but now saw it as a threat to their own political power.
Finally, there was a sense among many in France that the Committee had become corrupt and ineffective, and that it was time for a change in leadership.
This sentiment was particularly strong among the urban middle class, who had been hit hard by the economic and social upheavals of the Revolution and were looking for a more stable and predictable government.
The Thermidorian Reaction that replaced the Committee of Public Safety was characterized by a more moderate approach to government, particularly in regards to the use of violence and repression.
This group sought to restore order and stability to France, and to establish a more moderate and stable government that would be less prone to the excesses of the previous regime.
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which statement best describes the reason for the use of trench warfare in world war i? responses soldiers dug into the ground to protect themselves from machine gun and mortar fire. soldiers dug into the ground to protect themselves from machine gun and mortar fire. soldiers dug into the ground to protect themselves from the weather. soldiers dug into the ground to protect themselves from the weather. the soldiers needed a large enough space in which to bury all of their dead comrades. the soldiers needed a large enough space in which to bury all of their dead comrades. the soldiers wanted a clear line from which to launch their offensives. the soldiers wanted a clear line from which to launch their offensives.
Answer: Soldiers dug into the group to protect themselves from machine gun and mortar fire.
Explanation:
Which groups of people were imprisoned in concentration camps?
Choose all answers that are correct.
Responses
Nazi party members
Nazi party members
Communist party members
Communist party members
people with disabilities or mental illness
people with disabilities or mental illness
people from so-called "inferior" races
people from so-called "inferior" races
What is the definition of a parable? Describe some of the main themes taught in the parables of Christianity.
A parable is a short, simple story that teaches a moral or spiritual lesson. It is often used as a teaching tool to convey a deeper meaning or truth in a way that is easy to understand. Parables are commonly found in religious texts such as the Bible, where they are used to teach important lessons about God and the nature of humanity.
In the Christian tradition, parables are a significant part of Jesus' teachings, and they serve to illustrate key concepts and themes such as faith, forgiveness, love, and the kingdom of God. Some of the most famous parables in Christianity include the Good Samaritan, the Prodigal Son, the Lost Sheep, and the Mustard Seed.
One of the main themes of Jesus' parables is the kingdom of God, which refers to the spiritual realm of God's rule and reign. Through his parables, Jesus teaches that the kingdom of God is not a physical place, but rather a state of being that is accessible to all who have faith and trust in God. He also emphasizes the importance of humility, compassion, and service to others, as these qualities are essential for living a righteous and meaningful life.
Another common theme in Jesus' parables is the idea of forgiveness and reconciliation. He teaches that we should forgive those who wrong us and that God's love and mercy are freely available to all who seek them. This theme is illustrated in the Parable of the Prodigal Son, where the father forgives his wayward son and welcomes him back with open arms.
Overall, Jesus' parables serve as powerful tools for spiritual growth and transformation, as they challenge us to examine our beliefs and values and to live in a way that reflects God's love and grace.
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popular in the second half of the 1800's, incorporated some influence from asia, france, and the middle east, depicted an era of prosperity, and had its birthplace in england describes what type of architecture?
The well-known in the second half of the 1800s consolidated some impact from Asia, France, and the center east, portrayed a period of success, and had its origin in Britain depicts Victorian architecture.
Victorian architecture is a sweeping term used to depict the numerous resplendent compositional styles that arose during Sovereign Victoria's rule over the Unified Realm from 1837 to 1901. Victorian-time engineering is set apart by its proud dedication to trimming and thriving and its fancy maximalist inside plan.
By and large, most Victorian engineering can be portrayed as dollhouse-like, with curlicue managers, splendid tones, and deviated plans. Most Victorian structures were blocked with huge inside flights of stairs and windows.
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Which event organized peace between Germany and the Allied forces at the end of World War I?
the wagner act: question 6 options: created the works progress administration. allowed the national labor relations board to supervise union elections. sponsored ballet and modern dance programs. made all unions illegal. affected only government employees.
The National Labor Relations Board was given the ability to oversee union elections according to the Wagner Act. Option 2 is Correct.
It required employers to engage in collective bargaining with unions chosen by a majority of the workers in a suitable bargaining unit, and it granted employees the freedom to create and join unions under Section 7. The Wagner Act, often known as the National Labor Relations Act of 1935, is the most significant labor law passed in the United States during the 20th century.
Today, the Wagner Act remains as a tribute to the New Deal's reform initiatives and to Senator Robert Wagner's perseverance in shepherding the legislation through Congress in order for President Roosevelt to sign it into law. We can infer that the Wagner is employed by a variety of businesses. Hence, Option 2 is Correct.
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Correct Question:
The wagner act: options:
1. created the works progress administration.
2. allowed the national labor relations board to supervise union elections.
3. sponsored ballet and modern dance programs. made all unions illegal.
4. affected only government employees.