As a beam of light enters a swimming pool, it will because light waves when they pass from one medium to a different medium.

Conservation of momentum is a major law of physics which states that the momentum of a system is constant if no external forces are acting on the system. It is embodied in Newton’s First Law or The Law of Inertia.the mass of the second block is 1.1Kg.

principle of momentum conservation

M1u1 plus M2u2 equals M1v1 and M2V2.

As all collisions were elastic in nature and no energy loss through friction, heat, etc. was taken into account, theoretic calculations alone cannot guarantee that there was a complete transfer of energy.

Consider the scenario where a football with mass M2 is lying on the ground and a bowling ball with mass M1 is hurled at the football at a velocity of

The formula is: (2.8 kg * 1.1 m/s) + (m2 * 4.8 m/s) = (2.3 kg + m2). 2.3 m/s

The formula is 2.8 J + (4.8 m/s m2) = 4.8 J + (2.3 m/s m2).

4.8 m/s m2 = 2.8 J plus (2.3 m/s m2)

4.8 m2 = 2.8 + 2.3 m2

2.3 m2 on each side of the equation

2.5 m = 2.8 m = 2.8 / 2.5\sm = 1.1kg

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The measure that helps your body to stretch is flexibility, so the correct answer is D.

Flexibility is the ability of your body to move your joints and muscles through their full range of motion. It is an essential component of physical fitness and can help improve posture, balance, and coordination. Regular stretching exercises can increase flexibility and reduce muscle stiffness, which can lead to improved physical performance, decreased risk of injury, and better overall health.

Muscular strength and muscular endurance are related to the ability of your muscles to generate force or sustain effort over time, respectively. While they are important for overall fitness, they are not directly related to flexibility.

In summary, flexibility is the key measure that helps your body to stretch, and regular stretching exercises can improve your flexibility and overall physical fitness.

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The magnitude of the velocity of S' with respect to S is therefore approximately  [tex]9 * 10^(11)[/tex]m/s. then the magnitude is approximately[tex]9 * 10^(11)[/tex] m/s.

the velocity of the system S' with respect to S as v. Since the two events are simultaneous in the system S', they must have the same time coordinate in that system. Let's call this time coordinate t' and the position of the two events in the S' system as (x1', t') and (x2', t').

Using the Lorentz transformation equations, we can relate the coordinates (x1, t1) and (x2, t2) in the S system to the coordinates (x1', t') and (x2', t') in the S' system:

x1' = γ(x1 - vt1)

t' = γ(t1 - vx1/[tex]c^2[/tex])

x2' = γ(x2 - vt2)

t' = γ(t2 - [tex]vx2/c^2[/tex])

where γ = 1/√(1 - [tex]v^2/c^2[/tex]) is the Lorentz factor.

Since the two events are separated by 900 m and a time interval of 10^-6 s, we have:

x2 - x1 = 900 m

t2 - t1 = [tex]10^-6[/tex] s

Using the above equations, we can solve for v. First, we can eliminate t' by equating the two expressions for t':

γ(t1 - vx1/[tex]c^2[/tex]) = γ(t2 - vx2/[tex]c^2[/tex])

Simplifying this expression, we get:

v =[tex]c^2[/tex](x2 - x1)/(t2 - t1)(x1 + x2)

Plugging in the given values, we get:

v = c^2(900 m)/([tex]10^-6[/tex] s)(0 m + 900 m) = 9 × [tex]10^11[/tex] m/s

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Since the flare is released from the plane, it has the same initial velocity as the plane, i.e., 240 m/s at an angle of 30 degrees with the horizontal.

Let's assume that the distance from the plane to the target is d, and the altitude of the plane is h. The angle θ is the angle between the plane and the target.

Using trigonometry, we can write:

tan θ = h/d

We need to find the value of θ. To do that, we need to find the values of h and d.

We know that the altitude of the plane is 2.4 km = 2400 m. Let's call the time it takes for the flare to hit the target t. Since the flare is moving under gravity, its motion can be described as:

h = (1/2)gt^2

where g is the acceleration due to gravity, which is approximately 9.81 m/s^2.

The horizontal distance traveled by the flare in time t is:

d = vt

where v is the horizontal component of the velocity of the flare/plane, which is given by:

v = 240 cos 30° = 240 × √3/2 = 120√3 m/s

Equating the expressions for h and d, we get:

(1/2)gt^2 = vt

Solving for t, we get:

t = 2h/g = 2 × 2400/9.81 = 489.55 s

Substituting this value of t in the expression for d, we get:

d = vt = 120√3 × 489.55 ≈ 70000 m

Now we can find θ:

tan θ = h/d = 2400/70000 ≈ 0.0343

θ = tan^(-1)(0.0343) ≈ 1.96°

Therefore, the angle θ is 1.96 degrees.

The ranking of their accelerations from smallest to largest is: Turtle C, Turtle A, Turtle B.

Based on the given accelerations:

So the ranking of their accelerations from smallest to largest is: Turtle C, Turtle A, Turtle B.

Based on the given velocities:

As for the change in direction:

Turtle A is accelerating in the same direction as its velocity (North), so it's not changing direction, but its speed is increasing.

Turtle B is accelerating in the opposite direction of its velocity (North), so it will eventually change direction and start moving North when the acceleration overcomes the initial Southward velocity.

Turtle C is accelerating in the same direction as its velocity (North), so it's not changing direction, but its speed is increasing.

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Three turtles are walking in the park. The x-axis is positive towards the North direction. The velocities of the turtles are as follows:

Turtle A has a velocity of 2 cm/s to the North and an acceleration of 0.1 cm/s².

Turtle B has a velocity of 1 cm/s to the South and an acceleration of 0.2 cm/s².

Turtle C has a velocity of 3 cm/s to the North and an acceleration of 0.05 cm/s².

Rank the accelerations of the three turtles from smallest to largest based on their given accelerations.

Are the turtles going towards the North or South direction? Are they changing direction based on their accelerations?

If the human were fully made of neutron star matter, his mass would be roughly 1.8 x 10¹⁶ kg, to two significant numbers.

As most protons and electrons will have merged to become neutrons under the extremely dense conditions, neutron stars get their name because they are largely made of neutrons.

Assume the individual has a volume of 59,000 cm3, or about the same as someone with a density of 1000 kg/m3. When we convert this volume to m3, we obtain:

V = 59,000 cm³

V = 0.059 m³

If the individual were made entirely of matter from neutron stars, his mass would be:

m = ρV

m = (3 x 10¹⁷ kg/m³) (0.059 m³)

m = 1.77 x 10¹⁶ kg

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The density of the object is is 4000 kg/m³

Density is the ratio of mass to volume of a body.

To calculate the density of the obeject, we use the formula below

Formula:

Where:

From the question,

Given:

Susbtitute these values into equation 1

Hence, the density is 4000 kg/m³

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About 1.98 x 10²⁰ Newtons of gravitational force are exerted by the moon on the Earth.

The angle subtended if observed from two diametrically opposed places on the Earth. The moon is 3.84 10⁸ metres away from the Earth. The angle subtended at the moon, when seen from two diametrically opposed places on Earth, is 1° 54′.

where F is the gravitational force, G is the gravitational constant (6.6743 x 10⁻¹¹ N*m²/kg²), m1 and m2 are the masses of the two objects, and r is the distance between their centers.

In this case, we are calculating the force that the moon produces on the Earth, so we can set m1 to the mass of the Earth (5.97 x 10²⁴ kg).

F = 6.6743 x 10⁻¹¹ * (5.97 x 10²⁴ kg) * (7.43 x 10²² kg) / (3.88 x 10⁸ m)²

Simplifying the calculation, we get:

F = 1.98 x 10²⁰ N

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The combination tones correspond to the notes Bb, D, and Cs on the Pythagorean diatonic scale.

What is Frequency?

Frequency is the number of occurrences of a repeating event per unit of time. In other words, it is the rate at which a wave oscillates or completes one cycle. The unit of frequency is hertz (Hz), which is equivalent to one cycle per second.

When two pure tones with frequencies f1 and f2 are sounded simultaneously, several additional frequencies, known as combination tones, can be produced. The three most important combination tones are:

The sum tone, which has a frequency equal to the sum of the two original frequencies: f1 + f2

The difference tone, which has a frequency equal to the difference between the two original frequencies: |f1 - f2|

The octave tone, which has a frequency twice that of the lower of the two original frequencies: 2f1 or 2f2

In this case, we have two pure tones Cs and Gs with frequencies from the Pythagorean diatonic scale. We need to first determine the frequencies of these two tones. According to the Pythagorean tuning system, the frequency ratios for Cs and Gs are:

Cs:G = 9:8

Cs:fundamental = 2:1 (assuming Cs is one octave above the fundamental)

Gs:fundamental = 3:1 (assuming Gs is one octave and a fifth above the fundamental)

Let's assume that the fundamental frequency is f0. Then we can write:

Cs = 2f0 * (9/8) = 9f0/4

Gs = 4f0 * (3/2) * (9/8) = 27f0/8

a) To find the combination tones, we need to apply the equations above. The sum tone has a frequency of:

f1 + f2 = Cs + Gs = (9f0/4) + (27f0/8) = 45f0/8

The difference tone has a frequency of:

|f1 - f2| = |Cs - Gs| = |(9f0/4) - (27f0/8)| = 9f0/8

The octave tone has a frequency of:

2f1 = 2Cs = 9f0/2 = 9f0

Therefore, the three combination tones have frequencies of 45f0/8, 9f0/8, and 9f0.

b) To determine the notes on the Pythagorean scale to which these tones belong, we need to find the closest notes on the scale to each of the combination tones. The Pythagorean scale is based on a series of perfect fifths, so we can use the frequency ratios of 3:2 to determine the frequency of each note relative to the fundamental frequency f0.

The closest notes on the Pythagorean scale to the combination tones are:

45f0/8 is closest to the note Bb, which has a frequency of 3f0/2

9f0/8 is closest to the note D, which has a frequency of 9f0/8

9f0 is closest to the note Cs, which has a frequency of 9f0/4

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The charged spheroid pushes against the line of charge with a force of 0.0181 N.

Its magnitude is determined by the Coulomb's law, F = k q1 q2/r2, when a point charge (a particle with a charge Q) is operating on a test charge q at a distance r.

Force between the ions' magnitude

Apply the electrostatic force equation of Coulomb.

F = (kq1q2)/r²

where;

q1 is charge 1=6.3nC/mx0.2m=1.26 nC

q2 is charge 2=-4 μC

r is the distance between the charges=5 cm= 0.05 m

F = (9x10⁹x1.26x10⁻⁹x4x10⁻⁶)/(0.05)²

F = 0.0181 N.

B) By breaking the force down into its x and y components, you can determine the orientation of the force the charged sphere applies to the line of charge.

θ = arctan(Fy/Fx) = arctan(Fy/0) = arctan(-Fy)

where Fy is the force's y-component. The force's y component can be calculated as follows:

Fy = F * sin(θ) = F * sin(arctan(-Fy))

Solving for Fy, we get:

Fy = -F * sin(arctan(-Fy)) = -F * (-0.05 / r) = 0.05F / √(x² + 0.05²)

where we used the fact that sin(arctan(x)) = x/√(1+x²).

Plugging in the values, we get:

Fy = 0.05 * 4.47 × 10⁻⁴/ √(0² + 0.05²)

≈ 4.00 × 10⁻⁵ N

Therefore, the direction angle is:

θ = arctan(-Fy/Fx) = arctan(4.00 × 10⁻⁵/ 0) = 90°

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Answer:

An energy source – like a battery or mains power. 

An energy receiver – like a lightbulb. 

An energy pathway – like a wire.

Explanation:

Answer:

The equation for the total mechanical energy of an object in SHM is:

E = 1/2 kA^2

where E is the total mechanical energy, k is the spring constant, and A is the amplitude.

To solve the problem, we need to find the spring constant of the oscillator:

f = 1/T

where f is the frequency and T is the period.

T = 1/f = 1/0.60 = 1.67 s

The angular frequency of the oscillator is:

ω = 2πf = 2π/T = 3.76 rad/s

The spring constant of the oscillator is:

k = mω^2 = 0.35 x (3.76)^2 = 4.97 N/m

i) The maximum kinetic energy of the object is equal to the maximum potential energy, which is:

Emax = 1/2 kA^2 = 1/2 x 4.97 x (0.14)^2 = 0.012 J

ii) The maximum potential energy of the object is the same as the maximum kinetic energy, which is:

Emax = 1/2 kA^2 = 1/2 x 4.97 x (0.14)^2 = 0.012 J

iii) At the mid-way point between the centre and the extremity of the motion, the displacement of the oscillator is half the amplitude, which is 70 mm or 0.07 m. At this point, the kinetic energy is zero, and the potential energy is:

E = 1/2 kx^2 = 1/2 x 4.97 x (0.07)^2 = 0.012 J

Therefore, the total mechanical energy at this point is also 0.012 J.

The log moves a distance of 2.0 m relative to the shore when Ernie reaches Burt.

Since the log is uniform, we can treat it as a system of three point masses: one at each end representing Burt and Ernie, and one at the center representing the center of mass of the log. We can use conservation of momentum to solve this problem.

Initially, the momentum of the system is zero since everything is at rest. When Ernie walks to Burt's end of the log, he exerts a force on the log, which in turn exerts an equal and opposite force on Ernie. This force is internal to the system and does not change the momentum of the system. Therefore, the momentum of the system is still zero after Ernie reaches Burt.

Total momentum = 0 (since the center of mass is at rest)

Burt's momentum = 0 (since he is at rest)

Ernie's momentum = 0 (since he is at rest)

After Ernie walks:

Total momentum = 0 (since the center of mass remains at rest)

Burt's momentum = 0 (since he remains at rest)

Ernie's momentum = (39.0 kg) * v, where v is the velocity of Ernie and the log in the opposite direction

Since the total momentum is conserved, we can equate the momentum before and after Ernie walks:

0 = (39.0 kg) * v

v = 0 m/s

the distance that the log moves when Ernie reaches Burt is simply the distance between the initial and final positions of Ernie, which is half the length of the log:

distance = (1/2) * (4.0 m) = 2.0 m

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From 1998 to 2005, the percentage of mothers with infants in the workforce grew considerably. In 1998, 59.5% of mothers with infants were in the labor force and by 2005, that number grew to 68.8%, an increase of 9.3%, according to data from the Bureau of Labor Statistics.

The United States Department of Labor has a division called the Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS). It functions as a key agency of the U.S. Federal Statistics System and is the primary fact-finding body for the federal government of the United States in the broad field of labour economics and statistics. The American public, the U.S. Congress, other Federal agencies, State and local governments, industry and labour representatives, and the general public are all served by the BLS's collection, processing, analysis, and dissemination of crucial statistical data. The BLS also conducts research on the income levels families require to sustain an acceptable standard of living and acts as a statistical resource for the US Department of Labor.

The largest overall increase was in mothers with infants aged 6 to 11 months. In 1998, 57.7% of this group was in the labor force, but by 2005, that increased to 68.3%.

There was also an increase among mothers with infants aged 0 to 5 months, though it was much smaller. In 1998, 55.4% worked, with that number increasing to 60.2% in 2005. Working mothers with infants aged 12 to 17 months experienced the smallest increase from 1998 to 2005, with the labor force participation rate reaching 71.7%, a 4.4 percentage point increase from 1998.

The fact that more and more mothers are opting to enter the workforce may indicate that the social expectation of mothers’ roles is slowly evolving. The increased availability of daycare, more flexible job positions, and changes in child-rearing practices may have contributed to the increase in mothers entering the workforce.

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To answer the first question, we need to determine the location of the center of gravity of the system. Assuming the person and ladder can be treated as a uniform object, the center of gravity will be located at the midpoint of the ladder.

Let's say the ladder is 10 feet long, so the midpoint would be 5 feet from either end. If we assume the ladder is resting at a 60 degree angle against a vertical wall, we can use trigonometry to determine the horizontal distance of the center of gravity from the point where the ladder touches the ground.
Using the sine function, we know that sin(60) = opposite/hypotenuse, so the opposite side (which is the vertical height of the ladder) is 10*sin(60) = 8.66 feet. Therefore, the horizontal distance from the center of gravity to the point where the ladder touches the ground is also 8.66 feet.
To answer the second question :

We need to calculate the torque about the axis of rotation (point B) by taking the total weight of the person + ladder acting at the center of gravity. The formula for torque is torque = force x distance.
The force is equal to the weight of the person + ladder, which we'll assume is 300 pounds. The distance is the horizontal distance we just calculated, which is 8.66 feet.

So the torque about point B would be 300 pounds x 8.66 feet = 2,598 Newton-meters (Nm) or 2,598 pound-feet (lb-ft).

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As a result, a particle with a mass of 4 x 10-11 kg and a charge of 8 nC needs a magnetic field of 1.0 Tesla to move in a circular path with a speed of 400 m/s and a radius of 0.5 m.

Thus, when a charged particle moves at a 90° angle to the field, the magnetic force acting on it is greatest.

What force does a moving object experience in a magnetic field? As a charge moves through an electric and magnetic field, the Lorentz force acts on it. The total of magnetic and electric forces must be what it is.

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Answer:

The statement "The amount increases as the object is lifted higher" is true about the amount of gravitational potential energy an object has. The statement "The amount varies according to the material of the object" is false. The amount of gravitational potential energy only depends on the mass of the object and its elevation from the reference point. The statement "The amount varies according to the mass of the object" is true. The more massive an object is, the more gravitational potential energy it has. The statement "The amount increases the more quickly the object is lifted" is false. The amount of gravitational potential energy only depends on the object's height above the reference point, not the speed at which it is lifted.

Answer: (A)

Explanation: The amount increases as the object is lifted higher.

the initial momentum of the system of block m1 and block m2 is

Pi= m1v1 + m2v2

the final momentum of the combine blocks is

Pf= (m1+m2)V

according to the law of convervation of momentum

Pi = Pf

m1v1 + m2v2 = (m1+m2)V

1.3 × 1 + 5m2 = 1.3 × 2 + 2m2

m2= 1.3/3 kg

The more massive or swifter an object is, the more momentum it has.

A moving thing is more difficult to stop the more momentum it possesses. The amount of momentum an object possesses is influenced by its mass. For instance, while a car driving at the same speed as a baseball can be stopped, it cannot be caught. Because the car is heavier, it has more momentum.

A moving object's mass and speed both affect its momentum. The greater the object's momentum and the more difficult it is to stop are directly proportional to its weight and speed.

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A = wL = 63 cm²

m = (2.5 g/cm²)(63 cm²)

m = 157.5 g = 0.1575kg

[tex]I=\frac{1}{3} mL^2\\\\I = \frac{1}{3}(0.1575kg)(0.09m)^2[/tex]

I = 4.2525×10⁻⁴ kg/m²

Explanation:

I  wavelength

J amplitude

K trough

L crest

M equal

Answer:

option A

Explanation:similar pole repel each other and opposite pole attract each other.other options (exceptA) shows that similar pole is attracting ,it is not podsible.

Let's first find the initial electrostatic potential energy of the system. The electrostatic potential energy between two point charges q1 and q2 separated by a distance r is given by:

U = k * q1 * q2 / r

where k is the Coulomb constant, which has a value of approximately 9 x 10^9 N m^2/C^2.

Substituting the given values, we get:

At a separation of 0.4 m, the electrostatic potential energy of the system is:

U' = (9 x 10^9 N m^2/C^2) * (-2.5 x 10^-6 C) * (-7.8 x 10^-6 C) / 0.4 m

U' = 9.136 J

The change in potential energy is therefore:

ΔU = U' - U = 6.852 J

This change in potential energy is equal to the kinetic energy of sphere q2, which we can calculate using:

KE = (1/2) * m * v^2

where m is the mass of sphere q2 and v is its velocity.

To find the speed of q2 when the spheres are 0.4 m apart, we can rearrange the above equation and substitute the known values:

v = sqrt(2 * KE / m) = sqrt(2 * ΔU / m) = sqrt(2 * 6.852 J / 0.0015 kg) = 238.9 m/s

Therefore, the speed of sphere q2 when the spheres are 0.4 m apart is approximately 238.9 m/s.

To find how close q1 gets to q2, we can use the conservation of energy principle again. At the closest point of approach, all of the initial potential energy has been converted into kinetic energy, so we can equate the two:

(1/2) * m * v^2 = U

Solving for the separation r, we get:

r = k * q1 * q2 / (2 * KE)

Substituting the known values, we get:

r = (9 x 10^9 N m^2/C^2) * (-2.5 x 10^-6 C) * (-7.8 x 10^-6 C) / (2 * 2.284 J)

r = 0.109 m

Therefore, the closest separation between q1 and q2 is approximately 0.109 m.

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Answer:

(option A).

Explanation:

The gravitational potential energy of the box at the top of the ramp is given by:

Ep = mgh

where m is the mass of the box, g is the acceleration due to gravity (9.8 m/s^2), and h is the height of the ramp (1 m).

Ep = (1 kg)(9.8 m/s^2)(1 m) = 9.8 J

As the box slides down the ramp, its gravitational potential energy is converted into kinetic energy, which is given by:

Ek = (1/2)mv^2

where v is the velocity of the box at the bottom of the ramp.

The work done by the friction force on the box is given by:

W = f * d

where f is the force of friction and d is the distance traveled by the box along the ramp. The force of friction is given by:

f = μmg

where μ is the coefficient of kinetic friction (0.3) and mg is the weight of the box.

f = (0.3)(1 kg)(9.8 m/s^2) = 2.94 N

The distance traveled by the box along the ramp is:

d = h/sin(30°) = 2 m

Therefore, the work done by the friction force is:

W = (2.94 N)(2 m) = 5.88 J

The total mechanical energy of the box at the bottom of the ramp (neglecting air resistance) is equal to the sum of its kinetic energy and the work done by the friction force:

Ek + W = Ep

(1/2)mv^2 + 5.88 J = 9.8 J

Solving for v, we get:

v = sqrt[(2(9.8 J - 5.88 J))/m] = sqrt[(2(3.92 J))/1 kg] = 3.1 m/s

Hey, Misha! I see you're working on a physics problem for college. I'd be happy to help you out!

(a) To solve for the temperature increase of the copper block, we can use the equation:

ΔE = mcΔT

Where ΔE is the change in internal energy of the block, m is the mass of the block, c is the specific heat capacity of copper, and ΔT is the change in temperature.

First, we need to find the initial kinetic energy of the block:

KE = 1/2mv^2 = 1/2(1.6 kg)(6.6 m/s)^2 = 35.1 J

Next, we need to find the internal energy absorbed by the block:

ΔE = 0.85(KE) = 0.85(35.1 J) = 29.8 J

Finally, we can solve for ΔT:

ΔT = ΔE/(mc) = (29.8 J)/(1.6 kg)(0.385 J/kg°C) ≈ 47°C

Therefore, the temperature increase of the copper block is approximately 47°C.

(b) The remaining energy is converted into thermal energy and dissipated into the surroundings as heat. It does not vanish from the universe, but rather it is dispersed into the environment.

A projectile motion is any object thrown into space upon which the only acting force is gravity. The primary force acting on a projectile is gravity.The velocity's horizontal component is 24.25 m/s at time t = 2 seconds.The velocity's horizontal component is 24.25 m/s at time t = 3 seconds.

This doesn’t necessarily mean that other forces do not act on it, just that their effect is minimal compared to gravity.The particle is moving vertically (downwards) along the y-axis due to uniform acceleration.A particle's vertical and horizontal projectile motions can both accelerate: The only force acting on a particle when it is launched into the air at some speed is the acceleration brought on by gravity (g). The downward motion of this acceleration is vertical.

347u = 28 m/s for the starting velocity

projecting at a 30° angle

The horizontal component of velocity is constant since there is no acceleration in the horizontal direction.

Vertical component of speed, u cos = 28 x Cos 30 = 24.25 m/s

The velocity's horizontal component is 24.25 m/s at time t = 2 seconds.

The velocity's horizontal component is 24.25 m/s at time t = 3 seconds

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Answer:

Explanation:

According to Newton's third law, for every action, there is an equal and opposite reaction. This means that if force A acts on object B, then there must be a force that object B exerts on object A that is equal in magnitude but opposite in direction. Therefore, the two forces that are a Newton's third law pair are P and Q, as they are the forces that the parachute and the man exert on each other in opposite directions.

R and S are not a Newton's third law pair because they are not acting on the same objects. R is the force of the Earth on the parachute, while S is the force of the man on the parachute. These forces are not equal and opposite, as they are acting on different objects.

The kinetic energy would be at its maximum compared to the potential energy which would be less. The potential energy of the first and the last pendulum would be at their maximum

Kinetic energy is the energy an object possesses due to its motion. It is defined as the energy that an object has by virtue of its motion, and is dependent on both its mass and velocity. The formula for calculating kinetic energy is 1/2 times the mass of the object times the square of its velocity, or KE = 1/2 mv^2.

This means that the kinetic energy of an object increases as its mass and velocity increase. For example, a heavy object moving at a high velocity will have a higher kinetic energy than a lighter object moving at a lower velocity. Kinetic energy is a scalar quantity, meaning it has no direction, only magnitude.

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A  Zener diode is a heavily made semiconductor device that is designed to operate in the reverse direction.Voltage drop across series resistance is 70 volts and  the current through zenor diode is 9mA.

When the voltage across the terminals of a diode is reversed, and the potential reaches the voltage (knee voltage), the junction break down, and the current flows in the reverse direction. This effect is known as the diode effect.

R = 5K ohms =  5 x 10^3 ohms

Input voltage  = 12V, Zener voltage = 50V

Output Voltage  = 50V

Voltage drop across series resistance = input voltage – zener voltage = 120 – 50 = 70 volts

Load Current  =  zener voltage / resistance   =  \frac{50}{10 x 10^3}   =   5 x 10^{-3}  A

Current through  = \frac{input voltage – zener voltage} {resistance}

                         = 70 /  5 x 10^{-3}   =  14 x 10^{-3}  A

According to kirchoff’s first law = current + zener current

       Zener current zener current = I - line current  = 14 x 10^{-3}  - 5 x 10^{-3}   = 9 x 10^{-3}   = 9 mA

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