A total of 0.0103 moles of barium phosphate will react with 1.60 g of aluminum hydroxide.
The balanced chemical equation for the reaction between barium phosphate and aluminum hydroxide is:
Ba₃(PO₄)₂ + 2 Al(OH)₃ → 2 AlPO₄ + 3 Ba(OH)₂
To calculate the moles of barium phosphate that will react with 1.60 g of aluminum hydroxide, we need to convert the given mass of aluminum hydroxide into moles using its molar mass:
Molar mass of Al(OH)₃ = 78 g/mol
Number of moles of Al(OH)₃ = 1.60 g / 78 g/mol = 0.0205 mol
According to the balanced chemical equation, 2 moles of Al(OH)3 react with 1 mole of Ba3(PO4)2. Therefore, the number of moles of Ba₃(PO₄)₂ required can be calculated as:
Number of moles of Ba₃(PO₄)₂ = (0.0205 mol Al(OH)₃) / 2 = 0.0103 mol
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Dwight has errantly strapped himself to a rocket sled that is now moving at a speed at 100 m/s. If the sled has a total mass of 450 kg and it comes to a stop in 1. 5 seconds, what is the force experienced by the sled and Dwight?
The force experienced by Dwight and the rocket sled is approximately -30,000 N.
The force can be calculated using the formula :
F = ma
where F is the force,
m is the mass
and a is the acceleration.
Acceleration can be calculated using the formula :
a = v/t
a = (final speed - initial speed) / time
a = (0 m/s - 100 m/s) / 1.5 s
a = (-100 m/s) / 1.5 s
a = -66.67 m/s² (negative sign indicates deceleration)
Calculate the force:
F = ma
F = (450 kg) × (-66.67 m/s²)
F = -30,000 N (approximately)
Thus, the force experienced is -30,000 N. The negative sign indicates the force acts in the opposite direction of the initial motion, as it brings the sled and Dwight to a stop.
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a solution contains 1.30×10-2 m silver nitrate and 6.45×10-3 m lead acetate. solid sodium iodide is added slowly to this mixture. a. what is the formula of the substance that precipitates first?
To determine the substance that precipitates first, we need to compare the Ksp values for the possible precipitates. The ionic equation for the reaction is:
AgNO3 + Pb(CH3COO)2 + 2NaI → AgI↓ + PbI2↓ + 2NaNO3 + 2CH3COONa
The Ksp expression for AgI is:
Ksp = [Ag+][I-]
The Ksp expression for PbI2 is:
Ksp = [Pb2+][I-]2
The solubility product constant (Ksp) for AgI is 8.5 × 10^-17 and the Ksp for PbI2 is 1.4 × 10^-8.
To determine which substance will precipitate first, we need to compare the Qsp (the reaction quotient) to the Ksp values for AgI and PbI2. At the point of precipitation, Qsp = Ksp.
For AgI:
Qsp = [Ag+][I-] = (1.30×10^-2)(2x) = 2.60x10^-2
For PbI2:
Qsp = [Pb2+][I-]2 = (6.45×10^-3)(2x)^2 = 2.58x10^-2
The substance that will precipitate first is the one with the higher Qsp/Ksp ratio, which is PbI2. Therefore, the formula of the substance that precipitates first is PbI2.
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Complex Ion Formation:Cu(NH3)42 Ecell, after adding 6 M NH3to the copper cell 0. 77V. Use the Nernst equation to calculate the concentration of that free copper (II) ion that is in equilibrium with the complexed copper (II) ion, Cu(NH3)42 in the solution. Does the calculated value for the [Cu2 ] make sense (look up the Kf for the formation of Cu(NH3)42 ) and rationalize your findings)
The concentration of free copper (II) ions in equilibrium with Cu(NH₃)₂ is 5.15 x 10⁻¹⁰ M.
1. Write the half-reaction for Cu²⁺ and Cu(NH₃)₂: Cu²⁺ + 2NH₃ ⇌ Cu(NH₃)₂²⁺
2. Use the Nernst equation: E = E° - (0.05916/n) * log(Q)
3. Rearrange for [Cu²⁺]: [Cu²⁺] = 10^((E° - E) * n / 0.05916)
4. Plug in the values: E° = 0.77V, E = 0, n = 2
5. Calculate [Cu²⁺]: [Cu²⁺] = 5.15 x 10⁻¹⁰ M
The calculated value for [Cu²⁺] makes sense, as the Kf for Cu(NH₃)₂ formation is large, indicating a strong complex formation and low [Cu²⁺] concentration.
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Check all the following combinations of elements that would not form a covalent bond.
1. C and H
2. N and CI
3. S and CI
4. Na and O
5. Cu and O
To determine which of these combinations would not form a covalent bond, we need to examine the nature of the elements involved. Covalent bonds form between nonmetal elements that share electrons in order to achieve a full valence shell.
1. C and H: Both are nonmetals, so they can form a covalent bond.
2. N and Cl: Both are nonmetals, so they can form a covalent bond.
3. S and Cl: Both are nonmetals, so they can form a covalent bond.
For combinations 4 and 5, one of the elements is a metal:
4. Na and O: Na is a metal, and O is a nonmetal. They will likely form an ionic bond, where electrons are transferred from the metal to the nonmetal, rather than sharing electrons.
5. Cu and O: Cu is a metal, and O is a nonmetal. They will likely form an ionic bond, where electrons are transferred from the metal to the nonmetal, rather than sharing electrons.
In conclusion, the combinations that would not form a covalent bond are:
4. Na and O
5. Cu and O
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2n2o5 (g) = 4no2 (g) + o2(g)
if the rate of decomposition of n2o5 at a particular instant in a reaction vessel is 4.2 x 10-7 m/s,
what is the rate of appearance of a) no2 b) o2
The rate of appearance of [tex]NO_{2}[/tex] is 8.4 x [tex]10^{-7}[/tex] m/s and the rate of appearance of [tex]O_{2}[/tex] is 2.1 x [tex]10^{-7}[/tex] m/s.
Given the reaction: 2[tex]N_{2}O_{5}[/tex](g) → 4[tex]NO_{2}[/tex](g) + [tex]O_{2}[/tex](g)
The rate of decomposition of [tex]N_{2}O_{5}[/tex] is 4.2 x [tex]10^{-7}[/tex] m/s.
a) To find the rate of appearance of [tex]NO_{2}[/tex], we will look at the stoichiometric coefficients in the balanced reaction. For every 2 moles of [tex]N_{2}O_{5}[/tex] decomposed, 4 moles of [tex]NO_{2}[/tex] are produced. So, the ratio is 4:2, which simplifies to 2:1.
Rate of appearance of [tex]NO_{2}[/tex] = (Rate of decomposition of [tex]N_{2}O_{5}[/tex]) x (2/1)
Rate of appearance of [tex]NO_{2}[/tex] = (4.2 x [tex]10^{-7}[/tex] m/s) x 2
Rate of appearance of [tex]NO_{2}[/tex] = 8.4 x [tex]10^{-7}[/tex] m/s
b) For the rate of appearance of [tex]O_{2}[/tex], we will again look at the stoichiometric coefficients. For every 2 moles of [tex]N_{2}O_{5}[/tex] decomposed, 1 mole of [tex]O_{2}[/tex] is produced. The ratio is 1:2.
Rate of appearance of [tex]O_{2}[/tex] = (Rate of decomposition of [tex]N_{2}O_{5}[/tex] ) x (1/2)
Rate of appearance of [tex]O_{2}[/tex] = (4.2 x [tex]10^{-7}[/tex] m/s) x 1/2
Rate of appearance of [tex]O_{2}[/tex] = 2.1 x [tex]10^{-7}[/tex] m/s
Thus, the rate of appearance of [tex]NO_{2}[/tex] is 8.4 x [tex]10^{-7}[/tex] m/s and the rate of appearance of [tex]O_{2}[/tex] is 2.1 x [tex]10^{-7}[/tex] m/s.
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Outline the best method for preparing the following aldehyde from an appropriate alcohol in one step. Draw the starting alcohol and select the best reagent.
The structure is a 6 carbon ring where carbon 1 is bonded to an aldehyde
To prepare the desired aldehyde with a 6-carbon ring and an aldehyde group on carbon 1, starting with cyclohexanol is a suitable approach.
Cyclohexanol is a 6-carbon ring compound with an alcohol group (OH) attached to carbon 1. To convert the alcohol group into an aldehyde group, the oxidation of the primary alcohol is required.
In this case, the best reagent to use for the oxidation of cyclohexanol to the corresponding aldehyde is PCC (pyridinium chlorochromate).
PCC is a mild oxidizing agent that selectively oxidizes primary alcohols to aldehydes without further oxidation to carboxylic acids. It allows for a controlled oxidation, preventing overoxidation of the aldehyde to a carboxylic acid.
The reaction using PCC as the oxidizing agent can be carried out in one step. The PCC reagent is typically dissolved in a suitable solvent, and the cyclohexanol is added to the reaction mixture.
The reaction proceeds, converting the alcohol group to an aldehyde group while maintaining the 6-carbon ring structure.
By using cyclohexanol as the starting alcohol and PCC as the reagent, you can achieve the desired aldehyde product with a 6-carbon ring and an aldehyde group on carbon 1 in a single step.
This method provides a reliable and efficient way to selectively oxidize the primary alcohol to the corresponding aldehyde without the risk of overoxidation.
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Explain why the combustion of biomass releases no net carbon into the atmosphere
Biomass is organic matter that comes from recently living plants and animals. When biomass is burned, it releases carbon dioxide into the atmosphere.
However, this carbon dioxide was originally absorbed from the atmosphere by the plants as they grew, meaning that the combustion of biomass releases no net carbon into the atmosphere. This is because the carbon released during combustion is balanced out by the carbon that was absorbed during the biomass's growth phase. This is in contrast to burning fossil fuels, which release carbon that has been locked away for millions of years, leading to a net increase in atmospheric carbon dioxide. Therefore, the use of biomass as a renewable energy source can be a carbon-neutral option for reducing greenhouse gas emissions.
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A boy kicks a ball with a force of 40 n. at exactly the same moment, a gust of wind blows in the opposite direction of the kick with a force of 40 n.what happened to the ball?
The ball would experience a net force of 0 N and would not move in either direction.
When the boy kicks the ball with a force of 40 N, he applies a force in one direction. At the same moment, a gust of wind blows in the opposite direction of the kick with a force of 40 N. These two forces act in opposite directions, and therefore cancel each other out.
According to Newton's first law of motion, an object at rest will remain at rest, and an object in motion will continue in motion in a straight line at a constant speed, unless acted upon by a net external force. In this case, the net force on the ball is 0 N, which means that the ball will not move in either direction.
This scenario highlights the importance of understanding net forces when analyzing the motion of objects. In the absence of a net force, the ball will not accelerate, and its velocity will remain constant.
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What volume of a 2. 4 M solution of calcium hydroxide is required to yield 14. 4 mol?
It takes 6 litres of a 2.4 M calcium hydroxide solution to produce 14.4 mol.
Calcium hydroxide is a commonly used chemical compound in industries like construction, agriculture, and food production. It is used in the production of cement, as a soil amendment to neutralize acidic soils, and in the processing of beet sugar. In food production, it is used as a processing aid, pH regulator, and firming agent.
To find the volume of a 2.4 M solution of calcium hydroxide required to yield 14.4 mol, we can use the formula:
moles = concentration x volume
Rearranging the formula to solve for volume, we get:
volume = moles / concentration
Plugging in the given values, we get:
volume = 14.4 mol / 2.4 M
volume = 6 L
Therefore, 6 liters of a 2.4 M solution of calcium hydroxide are required to yield 14.4 mol.
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Air enters the body through the ________ and travels down the ________ to the lungs. the ______ contracts to allow space for the _________ to take in air. then, the ______ relaxes causing the _____ to release air.
Air enters the body through the nose or mouth and travels down the trachea or windpipe to the lungs.
The diaphragm contracts to allow space for the lungs to take in air. Then, the diaphragm relaxes causing the lungs to release air.
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Match each decimal number to its equivalent in scientific notation
Decimal number to its equivalent in scientific notation: 15 = 1.5 × 102, 0.015 = 1.5 × 10-2, 0.15 = 1.5 × 10-1, 150 = 1.5 × 101 and 1.5 = 1.5 × 100.
What is notation?Notation is a system of symbols used to represent a set of ideas or concepts. It is used to communicate complex musical, mathematical, and scientific concepts. Notation helps to make information easier to understand and is widely used in many fields. Notation can range from simple symbols such as musical notes, to complex formulas and equations used in mathematics and science. It allows for the efficient and organized communication of ideas and can be used to represent abstract concepts. Notation makes it easier to understand and learn complex topics, and is an important tool for communication.
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Complete Question:
Match each decimal number to its equivalent in scientific notation
15
1.5
0.015
0.15
150
1.5 × 10-2
1.5 × 101
1.5 × 102
1.5 × 100
1.5 × 10-1
How many joules of energy do you release or lose to turn 460. g of nh3 from a liquid back to a solid?
The energy required to change 460 g of NH₃ from a liquid to a solid is roughly 152.86 kJ.
To calculate the energy released or lost when turning 460 g of NH₃ (ammonia) from a liquid to a solid, we need to determine the amount of heat energy involved in the phase transition. This can be done using the heat of fusion, which is the amount of heat energy required to convert a substance from a solid to a liquid or vice versa.
The heat of fusion of NH₃ is approximately 5.65 kJ/mol. We need to convert the mass of NH₃ to moles to use this value. The molar mass of NH₃ is 17.03 g/mol.
First, we calculate the number of moles of NH₃:
moles = mass / molar mass
moles = 460 g / 17.03 g/mol
moles ≈ 27.01 mol
Next, we calculate the energy released or lost:
energy = moles × heat of fusion
energy = 27.01 mol × 5.65 kJ/mol
energy ≈ 152.86 kJ
Therefore, approximately 152.86 kJ of energy would be released or lost when converting 460 g of NH₃ from a liquid to a solid.
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1. A gas takes up a volume of 10 ml, has a pressure of 6 atm, and a temperature of 100 K. What is the new volume of the gas at stp?
2. The gas in an aerosol can is under a pressure of 8 atm at a temperature of 45 C. It is dangerous to dispose of an aerosol can by incineration. (V constant)What would the pressure in the aerosol can be at a temperature of 60 C ?
3. A sample of nitrogen occupies a volume of 600mL at 20 C. What volume will it occupy at STP?(P constant)
The new volume of the gas at STP is 16.36 ml, the pressure in the aerosol at the 60 degree temperature is 9.46 atm and the volume that it will occupy is 557.66 m.
1. We must apply the combined gas law equation to determine the new volume of the gas at STP,
P₁V₁/T₁ = P₂V₂/T₂.
At STP, the pressure is 1 atm and the temperature is 273 K.
Plugging in the values, we get:
6 atm * 10 ml / 100 K = 1 atm * V₂/273 K
V₂ = 16.36 ml (rounded to two decimal places)
2. To find the new pressure of the gas in the aerosol can at a temperature of 60 C, we can use the ideal gas law equation: PV = nRT, where n is the number of moles of gas and R is the gas constant,
P₁/T₁ = P₂/T₂.
Plugging in the values, we get:
8 atm/(45 + 273) K = P₂/(60 + 273) K
P₂ = 9.46 atm (rounded to two decimal places)
3. Using the relation, V₁/T₁ = V₂/T₂. At STP, the temperature is 273 K.
Plugging in the values, we get:
600 ml / (20 + 273) K = V2 / 273 K
V₂ = 557.66 ml (rounded to two decimal places)
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A solution of lithium carbonate reacts with a solution of potassium iodide to produce solid potassium carbonate and aqueous lithium iodide. You measure 3. 9 moles of potassium carbonate produced by the reaction. How much lithium iodide was produced?
The quantity of lithium iodide produced in the reaction was determined to be 7.8 moles.
The balanced chemical equation for the reaction between lithium carbonate (Li₂CO₃) and potassium iodide (KI) is:
2 Li₂CO₃ + 2 KI → 2 K₂CO₃ + 4 LiI
From the balanced equation, we can see that for every 2 moles of Li₂CO₃ reacted, 4 moles of LiI are produced.
Therefore, if we have 3.9 moles of K₂CO₃, we can calculate the moles of LiI produced as:
3.9 moles K₂CO₃ × (4 moles LiI / 2 moles Li₂CO₃) = 7.8 moles LiI
Therefore, 7.8 moles of lithium iodide were produced in the reaction.
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Look at the diagram below, which shows an atom of an element. How man valence electrons does it have? Based on this, would the atom be reactive or unreactive? Explain your reasoning.
A broad rule of thumb states that an atom with one, two, three, five, six, or seven valence electrons is reactive, however an atom with four valence electrons may be reactive or unreactive depending on the particular reaction conditions.
What is the name of a diagram that just displays an atom's valence electrons?Since valence electrons are crucial, atoms are frequently depicted by straightforward diagrams that just display their valence electrons. Three of these electron dot diagrams are displayed below.
How do valence electrons determine an element's reactivity?Valence electrons play a major role in determining an atom's chemical reactivity. Atoms with a fully filled valence electron shell have a propensity to be chemically inert. Very reactive atoms have one or two valence electrons.
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Which of the following is a product in the chemical equation?
2Al(s) + 6HCl(aq) → 2AlCl3(aq) + 3H2(g)
A. AlCl3
B. Al
C. HCl
D. Both AlCl3 and Al are products.
Answer:
d
Explanation:
What is the correct equilibrium expression for the dissociation of the base pyridine:
C5H5N + H2O â C5H5NH+ + OH-
A. Kb = [C5H5NH+][OH-] / [C5H5N]
B. Kb = [C5H5N][OH-] / [C5H5NH+][H2O]
C. Kb = [C5H5NH+][OH-] / [C5H5N][H2O]
D. Kb = [C5H5NH+][C5H5N] / [OH-]
E. Kb = [C5H5N][OH-] / [C5H5NH+]
The correct equilibrium expression for the dissociation of the base pyridine is: C₅H₅N + H₂O ↔ C₅H₅NH+ + OH- is A. Kb = [C₅H₅NH+][OH-] / [C₅H₅N]. The correct option is A.
The equilibrium expression for the reaction of a weak base with water is Kb = [BH+][OH-] / [B], where BH+ is the conjugate acid of the weak base B. In this case, pyridine (C₅H₅N) is the weak base, and its conjugate acid is C₅H₅NH+.
The concentration of water is assumed to be constant and is not included in the equilibrium expression. Therefore, the equilibrium expression for the dissociation of pyridine is Kb = [C₅H5₅H+][OH-] / [C₅H₅N].
Option A is the correct expression since it follows the correct form for the equilibrium expression of a weak base with water. Option B has the concentrations of water and the conjugate acid of the weak base in the denominator, which is incorrect. Option C has the concentration of water in the denominator, which is incorrect.
Option D has the concentration of hydroxide ions (OH-) in the denominator, which is incorrect. Option E has the concentrations of the weak base and its conjugate acid in the denominator, which is also incorrect. Hence option A is the correct option.
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Which of these is an unsaturated solution? choose all that apply.
o 50 g of kci in 50 g of water at 90°c
60 g of nh4cl in 100 g of water at 80°c
o 70 g of nh3 in 100 g of water at 20°c
50 g of nh4cl in 100 g of water at 60°c
80 g of kno3 in 100 g of water at 60°c
o 60 g of kl in 50 g of water at 10°c
C. 70 g of NH₃ in 100 g of water at 20°c and E. 80 g of KNO₃ in 100 g of water at 60°c An unsaturated solution is one that contains less solute than a saturated solution.
What is water?Water is a transparent, tasteless, odorless, and nearly colorless chemical substance. It is a compound of two hydrogen atoms and one oxygen atom and is essential for the survival of all known forms of life. Water is an essential resource for human and ecological health, making it one of the most important substances on Earth. Water is found naturally in oceans, rivers, lakes, and streams, and can also be found in the air, in the form of water vapor. Water is also found in the form of ice and snow, and is found in the soil, in aquifers and underground. Water is a renewable resource, but due to human activity and climate change, it is becoming increasingly scarce in many parts of the world.
In all of the above examples, the amount of solute (KCl, NH₄Cl, NH₃, KNO₃, and KL) is less than the amount that would be needed to create a saturated solution. Therefore, all of the above solutions are unsaturated.
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Complete Question:
Which of these is an unsaturated solution? choose all that apply.
A. 50 g of kci in 50 g of water at 90°c
B. 60 g of nh4cl in 100 g of water at 80°c
C. 70 g of nh3 in 100 g of water at 20°c
D. 50 g of nh4cl in 100 g of water at 60°c
E. 80 g of kno3 in 100 g of water at 60°c
F. 60 g of kl in 50 g of water at 10°c
Three students are asked to discuss whether Gibbs Free Energy was positive or
negative for each dissolution. Select the student that employs correct
scientific reasoning.
. Student 1: The Gibbs Free Energy was negative for both reactions because the reactions were
spontaneous, the reactions happened.
• Student 2: The Gibbs Free Energy was positive for the first reaction because it got colder and
negative for the second reaction because it got hotter.
• Student 3: The Gibbs Free Energy was positive for both reactions because it is always positive for
dissolutions.
Student 3
Student 2
Student 1
In the next three problems, use the CER format to answer this guiding
Based on scientific reasoning, the correct student is Student 1.
The Gibbs Free Energy is negative for both reactions because they are spontaneous, meaning they occur naturally without the need for external input. This indicates that the reactions release energy and are thermodynamically favorable.
Student 2's reasoning is incorrect because the temperature change alone does not determine the Gibbs Free Energy.
Student 3's reasoning is also incorrect because the Gibbs Free Energy can be both positive and negative depending on the reaction conditions. Therefore, Student 1's explanation aligns with the laws of thermodynamics and is scientifically accurate.
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What is the total number of moles, to the nearest tenth, of solute contained in 0. 50 liter of 3. 0 M HCl?
The total number of moles of solute (HCl) in 0.50 L of 3.0 M HCl is 1.5 moles.
To determine the total number of moles of solute in a solution, we can use the formula:
moles of solute = concentration of solution x volume of solution
In this case, we are given that the volume of the solution is 0.50 L and the concentration of the solution is 3.0 M HCl.
Using the formula above, we can calculate the number of moles of HCl in the solution:
moles of HCl = 3.0 M x 0.50 L
moles of HCl = 1.5 moles
This result can be explained by the fact that the concentration of a solution is defined as the amount of solute (in moles) per unit volume of the solution (in liters).
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(01. 05 MC)
During an experiment a thermometer was placed in a beaker containing hydrogen peroxide. The following observations were recorded when yeast granules were added to hydrogen peroxide.
Observation 1: Fizzing and bubbling took place.
Observation 2: The temperature began to rise.
Based on the observation, justify the type of change (physical or chemical) that took place
Based on the given observations, a chemical change took place when yeast granules were added to hydrogen peroxide.
Observation 1, fizzing and bubbling, is a characteristic sign of a chemical reaction. The bubbles are likely to be the result of a gas, such as oxygen or carbon dioxide, being released during a chemical reaction.
Observation 2, the temperature rise, is also a sign of a chemical reaction. An increase in temperature usually indicates an exothermic reaction, which releases energy in the form of heat.
Therefore, based on these observations, it can be concluded that a chemical change took place when yeast granules were added to hydrogen peroxide.
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Naturally occurring potassium consists of potassium-39 and potassium-41. calculate the percentage of each isotope present if theaverage is 39.1.
When the average is 39.1, naturally occurring potassium consists of 50% potassium-39 and 50% potassium-41.
An isotope is a variant of an element that has the same number of protons but a different number of neutrons in its nucleus. Potassium has two naturally occurring isotopes: potassium-39 and potassium-41. To calculate the percentage of each isotope present when the average is 39.1, we can use the following formula:
% of potassium-39 = (39.1 - 41) / (39 - 41) x 100%
% of potassium-41 = 100% - % of potassium-39
Using this formula, we can first calculate the percentage of potassium-39:
% of potassium-39 = (39.1 - 41) / (39 - 41) x 100%
% of potassium-39 = -1 / (-2) x 100%
% of potassium-39 = 50%
This means that potassium-39 makes up 50% of the naturally occurring potassium. To calculate the percentage of potassium-41, we simply subtract the percentage of potassium-39 from 100%:
% of potassium-41 = 100% - 50%
% of potassium-41 = 50%
Therefore, potassium-41 also makes up 50% of the naturally occurring potassium. In summary, when the average is 39.1, naturally occurring potassium consists of 50% potassium-39 and 50% potassium-41.
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In a creek bed you find smooth rocks of all sizes. What could explain this?
A. A chemical change has occurred in these rocks.
B. Water has dissolved the outer layers of rocks.
C. When rocks are transported by water, abrasion occurs as they rub and bump into each other.
D. The types of rocks in streams are not as hard as other rocks
C. When rocks are transported by water, abrasion occurs as they rub and bump into each other.
The presence of smooth rocks of all sizes in a creek bed is most likely explained by the process of abrasion. As water flows over and around the rocks, they can rub and bump against each other, causing the surfaces to wear down and become smoother over time. This is a common occurrence in streams and rivers where the movement of water constantly interacts with the rocks, gradually eroding and smoothing their surfaces.
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what is the major organic product from the addition reaction of hbr to 2-methyl-2-butene? group of answer choices 2-bromopentane 2-bromo-2-methylbutane 1-bromo-2-methylbutane 1-bromo-3-methylbutane 2-bromo-3-methylbutane
The addition of HBr to 2-methyl-2-butene is an example of an electrophilic addition reaction. The correct answer is (2)
The double bond in 2-methyl-2-butene is attacked by the electrophilic H+ ion from HBr, leading to the formation of a carbocation intermediate. The bromide ion (Br-) then attacks the carbocation, leading to the formation of a new carbon-bromine bond. The major organic product obtained from the addition reaction of HBr to 2-methyl-2-butene is 2-bromo-2-methylbutane, which is also known as t-butyl bromide. This is because the addition of HBr occurs at the tertiary carbon, leading to the formation of a tertiary carbocation intermediate, which is relatively stable. Therefore, the correct answer is (2) 2-bromo-2-methylbutane.
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--The complete Question is, what is the major organic product from the addition reaction of hbr to 2-methyl-2-butene? group of answer choices
1. 2-bromopentane 2-bromo-2-methylbutane
2. 1-bromo-2-methylbutane
3. 1-bromo-3-methylbutane
4. 2-bromo-3-methylbutane=--
A drum used to transport crude oil has a volume of 162 L. How many grams of water, as steam, are required to fill the drum at 1. 00 atm and 1069°C? When the temperature in the drum is decreased to 227°C, all the steam condenses. How many mL of water (d = 1. 00 g/mL) can be collected?
When the steam condenses, we can collect 204.06 mL of water.
To answer this question, we need to use the ideal gas law equation, PV = nRT, where P is pressure, V is volume, n is the number of moles of gas, R is the gas constant, and T is the temperature in Kelvin.
First, we need to convert the given temperature of 1069°C to Kelvin by adding 273.15, giving us 1342.15 K. We can then calculate the number of moles of steam needed to fill the drum by rearranging the ideal gas law equation to solve for n: n = PV/RT.
Plugging in the given values, we get n = (1.00 atm)(162 L)/(0.08206 L·atm/mol·K)(1342.15 K) = 11.32 moles of steam.
To calculate the mass of water in grams, we can use the fact that 1 mole of water weighs 18.015 g. Thus, the mass of water needed to fill the drum as steam is 11.32 moles x 18.015 g/mol = 204.06 g.
When the temperature in the drum is decreased to 227°C, all the steam condenses back into water. The heat released by the steam is given off to the surroundings, and the water vapor loses energy and condenses to form liquid water. We can calculate the volume of water that is formed using the fact that 1 mL of water has a mass of 1.00 g.
Thus, the mass of the water that forms is 204.06 g, which is equivalent to 204.06 mL of water. Therefore, when the steam condenses, we can collect 204.06 mL of water.
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NEED HELP FAST!!!! Please answer both questions
There is a 0.37 M molarity.
1.71 m molality is present.
Molarity: What is it?The quantity of a solute in a solution is measured in terms of molarity, a unit of concentration. It is described as the quantity of solutes that dissolve in one liter of solution, or mol/L. Molarity, in other words, reveals how many moles of solute there are in a liter of solution.
To determine molarity, use the following formula:
Molarity (M) is calculated as moles of solute divided by the liters of solution.
100g/180 g/mol * 1/1.5 L is the molarity.
= 0.37 M,
Molality = 200g/58.5g/mol * 1/2 Kg
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The space between the particles of matter in a dead star is. ?
The space between particles in a dead star is incredibly vast. A dead star is a celestial object that has exhausted all of its fuel and no longer produces energy.
This means that the intense heat and pressure that once kept the star's particles tightly packed together are no longer present.
As a result, the particles that make up the dead star, such as electrons, protons, and neutrons, are spread out over a vast distance.
In a dead star, the particles are so spread out that they occupy an enormous amount of space. This is because the gravitational force that held the particles together is no longer strong enough to counteract the force of expansion.
The particles are still present in the dead star, but they are separated by distances that are vast beyond human comprehension.
To put it in perspective, the average distance between particles in a dead star is on the order of several light years. This is many trillions of times greater than the distance between particles in a solid, liquid, or gas on Earth.
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5. use the chemical equation and the table to answer the question.
pb(no3)2(aq) + 2kbr(aq) → pbbr2(s) + 2kno3(aq)
reactant or product molar mass (g/mol)
pb(no3)2 331
kbr 119
pbbr2 367
kno3 101
when 496.5 grams of pb(no3)2 reacts completely with kbr, how much will the total mass of the products be?
a 496.5 g
b 550.5 g
c 702.0 g
d 853.5 g
The total mass of the products formed is 1529.89 g or approximately 1530 g. The correct answer is option C, 702.0 g
To determine the mass of the products formed, we first need to determine the limiting reactant in the reaction. To do this, we can calculate the number of moles of each reactant:
Number of moles of [tex]Pb(NO3)2[/tex] = 496.5 g / 331 g/mol = 1.5 mol
Number of moles of [tex]KBr[/tex] = 496.5 g / 119 g/mol = 4.17 mol
From the balanced chemical equation:
[tex]Pb(NO3)2(aq) + 2KBr(aq) → PbBr2(s) + 2KNO3(aq)[/tex]
We can see that 1 mol of[tex]Pb(NO3)2[/tex] reacts with 2 mol of [tex]KBr[/tex] to produce 1 mol of [tex]PbBr2[/tex]. Therefore, since we have 1.5 mol of [tex]Pb(NO3)2[/tex]and 4.17 mol of [tex]KBr, KBr[/tex] is the limiting reactant.
Now we can use the stoichiometry of the balanced chemical equation to calculate the mass of the product formed:
1 mol of [tex]PbBr2[/tex]has a mass of 367 g/mol, so 4.17 mol of [tex]PbBr2[/tex] has a mass of:
4.17 mol x 367 g/mol = 1529.89 g
Therefore, the total mass of the products formed is 1529.89 g or approximately 1530 g. The correct answer is option C, 702.0 g, is not correct.
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90 ml of 0.25 m ca(oh)2 are required to titrate 100 ml of carbonic acid. what is molarity of the carbonic acid? assume a 1:1 mole ratio.
The molarity of the carbonic acid if 90 ml of 0.25 m ca(oh)2 are required to titrate 100 ml of carbonic acid is 0.225 M.
First, we need to write the balanced equation for the reaction between calcium hydroxide (Ca(OH)2) and carbonic acid (H2CO3):
Ca(OH)2 + H2CO3 → CaCO3 + 2H2O
We can see from the equation that there is a 1:1 mole ratio between Ca(OH)2 and H2CO3. Therefore, the moles of Ca(OH)2 used in the titration is equal to the moles of H2CO3 in the solution:
moles of Ca(OH)2 = 0.25 M x 0.090 L = 0.0225 mol
moles of H2CO3 = moles of Ca(OH)2 = 0.0225 mol
Now, we can use the definition of molarity to calculate the molarity of H2CO3:
Molarity = moles of solute / volume of solution
Molarity of H2CO3 = moles of H2CO3 / 0.100 L = 0.0225 mol / 0.100 L = 0.225 M
Therefore, the molarity of the carbonic acid is 0.225 M.
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A container has 0.182 mol of CO₂ gas at STP. How many liters does the gas take up?
Answer:
4.08 L
Explanation:
At standard temperature and pressure, a mole of any gas equals 22.4 L.
We have 0.182 mol of CO₂ gas. We know that every mole of gas is 22.4 L, so
[tex]0.182mol*\frac{22.4L}{1mol} =4.08L[/tex]
⇒ 4.08 L of CO₂ is the answer
SI Unit: Volume = 4.133 L of carbon dioxide
Non-SI Unit: Volume = 4.079 L carbon dioxide
Molar Volume of Gases:At STP conditions (Standard Temperature and Pressure), which is conditions at 100 kPa and at 0°C or 273.15 K, it is a given that the volume of 1 mole of ideal gas is 22.71 L.
[tex]\large \textsf{$\therefore$ if 1 mol of CO$_2$ = 22.71 L}\\\\\large \textsf{hence, 0.182 $\times$ 1 mol of CO$_2$ = 22.71 $\times$ 0.182}\\\\\large \textsf{$\implies$ \boxed{\boxed{$volume = 4.133 L of CO$_2}}}[/tex]
Note: The value used for pressure above, 100 kPa (kilopascals), is a standard SI unit (International System of Units), used by most countries around the world.
However, another commonly used value for pressure (though not the preferred SI unit), is 1 atm (atmospheric pressure), which is equivalent to 101.325 kPa.
Using this value, the volume of 1 mole of ideal gas at STP is then 22.41 L. Solving this:
[tex]\large \textsf{if 1 mol of CO$_2$ = 22.41 L}\\\\\large \textsf{$\therefore$ 0.182 $\times$ 1 mol of CO$_2$ = 22.41 $\times$ 0.182}\\\\\large \textsf{$\implies$ \boxed{\boxed{$volume = 4.079 L CO$_2}}}[/tex]
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