It is important for the company to carefully evaluate the current market trends and financial situation before making any decisions.
Given that the current situation with COVID-19 pandemic and the shutdowns has affected the demand for cars, the demand for new cars is most likely to decrease. Due to widespread shutdowns, people are out of work, and people are not purchasing new cars. This means that the demand for used cars is expected to increase due to people wanting more affordable options.
Since there is a delay in the delivery of new cars due to supply chain issues and the chip shortage, the company can wait for delivery or consider purchasing used cars to expand their fleet instead of canceling the order.On the other hand, applying for a Paycheck Protection Program loan could be considered if the company faces financial challenges during the shutdown.
This will help the company to pay their staff and keep their operations running smoothly. Therefore, it is important for the company to carefully evaluate the current market trends and financial situation before making any decisions.
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homas Railroad Company organizes its three divisions, the North (N), South (S), and West (W) regions, as profit centers. The chief executive officer (CEO) evaluates divisional performance, using operating income as a percent of revenues. The following quarterly income and expense accounts were provided from the trial balance as of December 31:
Revenues—N Region $813,300
Revenues—S Region 992,200
Revenues—W Region 1,650,300
Operating Expenses—N Region 515,400
Operating Expenses—S Region 590,500
Operating Expenses—W Region 998,000
Corporate Expenses—Dispatching 356,000
Corporate Expenses—Equipment Management 239,700
Corporate Expenses—Treasurer’s 123,700
General Corporate Officers’ Salaries 273,200
The company operates three support departments: the Dispatching Department, the Equipment Management Department, and the Treasurer’s Department. The Dispatching Department manages the scheduling and releasing of completed trains. The Equipment Management Department manages the railroad cars inventories. It makes sure the right freight cars are at the right place at the right time. The Treasurer’s Department conducts a variety of services for the company as a whole. The following additional information has been gathered:
North South West
Number of scheduled trains 4,500 5,300 8,000
Number of railroad cars in inventory 1,200 1,900 1,600
Required:
Question Content Area
1. Prepare quarterly income statements showing operating income for the three regions. Use three column headings: North, South, and West. Do not round your interim calculations.
Thomas Railroad Company
Divisional Income Statements
For the Quarter Ended December 31
North South West
Revenues $fill in the blank 6f404cf87f99fd9_1
813,300
$fill in the blank 6f404cf87f99fd9_2
992,200
$fill in the blank 6f404cf87f99fd9_3
1,650,300
Operating expenses fill in the blank 6f404cf87f99fd9_4
515,400
fill in the blank 6f404cf87f99fd9_5
590,500
fill in the blank 6f404cf87f99fd9_6
998,000
Operating income before support department allocations $fill in the blank 6f404cf87f99fd9_7
297,900
$fill in the blank 6f404cf87f99fd9_8
401,700
$fill in the blank 6f404cf87f99fd9_9
652,300
Support department allocations:
Dispatching $fill in the blank 6f404cf87f99fd9_10
$fill in the blank 6f404cf87f99fd9_11
$fill in the blank 6f404cf87f99fd9_12
Equipment Management fill in the blank 6f404cf87f99fd9_13
fill in the blank 6f404cf87f99fd9_14
fill in the blank 6f404cf87f99fd9_15
Total support department allocations $fill in the blank 6f404cf87f99fd9_16
$fill in the blank 6f404cf87f99fd9_17
$fill in the blank 6f404cf87f99fd9_18
Operating income $fill in the blank 6f404cf87f99fd9_19
And what is the profit margin of each?
The profit margin for each region is as follows:
North: 36.63%
South: 40.48%
West: 39.52%
How to calculate the profit margin for each regionTo prepare the quarterly income statements for the three regions and calculate the profit margin, we need to fill in the missing values based on the given information. Here's the completed table:
Thomas Railroad Company
Divisional Income Statements
For the Quarter Ended December 31
North South West
Revenues $813,300 $992,200 $1,650,300
Operating expenses $515,400 $590,500 $998,000
Operating income before support department allocations $297,900 $401,700 $652,300
Support department allocations:
Dispatching $356,000 $356,000 $356,000
Equipment Management $239,700 $239,700 $239,700
Total support department allocations $595,700 $595,700 $595,700
Operating income $297,900 $401,700 $652,300
To calculate the profit margin for each region, we divide the operating income by the respective revenues and multiply by 100 to express it as a percentage:
North:
Profit Margin = (Operating income / Revenues) * 100
Profit Margin = ($297,900 / $813,300) * 100
Profit Margin = 36.63%
South:
Profit Margin = (Operating income / Revenues) * 100
Profit Margin = ($401,700 / $992,200) * 100
Profit Margin = 40.48%
West:
Profit Margin = (Operating income / Revenues) * 100
Profit Margin = ($652,300 / $1,650,300) * 100
Profit Margin = 39.52%
Therefore, the profit margin for each region is as follows:
North: 36.63%
South: 40.48%
West: 39.52%
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Develop an idea to solve a current business problem. Analyse the business landscape around you and develop a product or service that can significantly solve any creative problem.
Describe in detail what the idea is and why it is beneficial for society and business market?
- The Smart Waste Management System is a comprehensive solution that integrates advanced technologies to optimize waste collection, sorting, and disposal processes.
- It offers benefits such as environmental impact reduction, improved health and hygiene, resource efficiency, cost savings, public engagement, and a significant market opportunity.
Idea: Smart Waste Management System
Problem: Inefficient waste management leading to environmental pollution, health hazards, and resource wastage.
Solution: A comprehensive Smart Waste Management System that utilizes advanced technologies to optimize waste collection, sorting, and disposal processes.
Description:
The Smart Waste Management System is a holistic solution that integrates various technologies to tackle the challenges of waste management. It comprises the following components:
1. Smart Bins: Intelligent waste bins equipped with sensors and IoT connectivity to monitor the fill-level in real-time. These bins will send automated notifications to waste management teams when they reach a certain capacity, optimizing collection routes and reducing unnecessary trips.
2. Route Optimization: Advanced algorithms will be employed to optimize waste collection routes based on real-time data from smart bins. This will reduce fuel consumption, lower carbon emissions, and enhance operational efficiency.
3. Waste Sorting and Recycling: Incorporation of automated waste sorting machines that use technologies like AI and machine vision to identify and separate different types of waste. This will streamline the recycling process, increase recycling rates, and reduce landfill waste.
4. Data Analytics and Reporting: The system will generate detailed reports and analytics based on waste generation patterns, collection efficiency, recycling rates, and environmental impact. This information will help businesses, municipalities, and waste management companies make data-driven decisions for process improvement and policy formulation.
Benefits for Society and Business Market:
1. Environmental Impact: The Smart Waste Management System significantly reduces environmental pollution by optimizing waste collection, minimizing landfill waste, and promoting recycling. It contributes to sustainability goals and improves the overall quality of the environment.
2. Health and Hygiene: Efficient waste management prevents the accumulation of waste in public spaces, reducing health hazards and the spread of diseases caused by uncontrolled waste disposal.
3. Resource Efficiency: By promoting recycling and waste segregation, the system maximizes resource recovery, reduces the extraction of raw materials, and conserves valuable resources for future generations.
4. Cost Savings: The optimized waste collection routes and efficient resource allocation lead to cost savings for waste management companies and municipalities. They can allocate their resources more effectively and reduce operational expenses.
5. Public Engagement: The Smart Waste Management System can also incorporate features like mobile applications and public awareness campaigns to encourage active participation from citizens. This fosters a sense of responsibility among the community and promotes a cleaner and healthier society.
6. Market Opportunity: With the growing global concern for sustainability and waste management, businesses that offer innovative solutions like the Smart Waste Management System have a significant market opportunity. They can cater to the needs of municipalities, waste management companies, and organizations looking to improve their environmental footprint.
Overall, the Smart Waste Management System presents a comprehensive solution that addresses the pressing problem of inefficient waste management. By leveraging technology and data-driven insights, it offers a multitude of benefits for society, businesses, and the environment, making it a valuable and necessary addition to the current business landscape.
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Discuss the role of population growth in human health. How might recent outbreaks of diseases such as the bird flu or pandemic H1N1 be linked to population growth? In addition to population growth, what other environmental factors could lead to pandemics such as those associated with influenza viruses? 4. Summarize the contributions of the early Greeks to environmental health. How do Hippocrates' explanations of disease etiology compare with current beliefs about the role of the environment in human illness?
The role of population growth in human health Population growth impacts human health by expanding the population of people who need access to food, shelter, clothing, and medical attention.
Overcrowding and inadequate access to basic needs put people at risk of contracting diseases, which could quickly spread among a large population. Also, population growth results in increased contact between humans and animals, and the use of modern agriculture techniques and environmental modifications that disturb ecological balances, making the emergence of new diseases more likely.
Thus, population growth leads to the increased risk of infectious disease outbreaks. Recent outbreaks of diseases such as the bird flu and pandemic H1N1 could be linked to population growth because people in densely populated areas are more prone to contracting infectious diseases. When the population is dense, the transmission of infectious diseases happens faster and easier.
Other environmental factors that could lead to pandemics associated with influenza viruses include poor air quality, contaminated water supplies, exposure to hazardous substances, and exposure to toxic chemicals, among others .Summary of the contributions of the early Greeks to environmental health The ancient Greeks made significant contributions to environmental health by developing new and innovative techniques to combat diseases and improve health.
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look for and post one article concerning Current Trends in Global SCM. Discuss one trend you found that you feel is seeing the fasted growth currently and why.
One significant trend in global supply chain management (SCM) is the rapid adoption of technology. Companies across industries are increasingly leveraging advanced technologies such as Artificial Intelligence (AI), the Internet of Things (IoT), and blockchain to enhance their SCM processes and remain competitive. This trend is driven by the need for improved supply chain visibility, optimization of processes, and meeting consumer demands.
The implementation of Industry 4.0 technologies, including robotics and data analytics, is transforming supply chains into digital and interconnected ecosystems, enabling real-time data collection and analysis for greater efficiency.
The increasing adoption of technology in global supply chain management (SCM) is a crucial trend shaping the industry. Companies recognize the potential benefits of leveraging technology to enhance their SCM processes and stay ahead in a rapidly evolving market. Several factors contribute to this trend:
1. Improved supply chain visibility: Advanced technologies like AI, IoT, and blockchain enable companies to have real-time visibility into their supply chains. They can track and monitor inventory, shipments, and logistics operations more effectively, leading to better decision-making and responsiveness.
2. Process optimization: Technology facilitates the optimization of various supply chain processes. AI and data analytics help in demand forecasting, inventory management, and route optimization, leading to cost reductions and improved operational efficiency.
3. Meeting consumer demands: Customers today expect fast, reliable, and transparent supply chain operations. By adopting technology, companies can better meet these demands by ensuring on-time deliveries, providing accurate product information, and offering enhanced customer experiences.
4. Industry 4.0 transformation: The implementation of Industry 4.0 technologies, such as robotics, AI, and data analytics, is reshaping supply chains. Robotics and automation technologies streamline warehouse operations, increase speed, and improve accuracy. Data analytics enables companies to gain valuable insights from large datasets, driving data-driven decision-making and process improvements.
5. Cost reduction and efficiency: Automation technologies, including robotics, help reduce manual labor and associated costs. Warehouse automation systems like ASRS and AMRs enable faster and more accurate order fulfillment, resulting in increased operational efficiency and cost savings.
Overall, the increasing adoption of technology in global supply chain management is driven by the need for improved visibility, optimized processes, and meeting the expectations of modern consumers.
The utilization of advanced technologies like AI, IoT, blockchain, and robotics is transforming supply chains into digitally connected ecosystems, enabling companies to achieve greater efficiency and competitiveness. This trend is likely to continue expanding as technology continues to advance and companies recognize its potential to revolutionize supply chain operations.
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Project cost management is concerned with_______project resources cost needed to complete the activities of the project ?
Project cost management is concerned with estimating, budgeting, and controlling project resources cost needed to complete the activities of the project.
The objective of project cost management is to ensure that the project is completed within the approved budget.
It involves the following processes:1. Plan cost management, 2. Estimate costs, 3. Determine budget, 4. Control costs. Therefore, Project cost management is concerned with estimating, budgeting, and controlling project resources cost needed to complete the activities of the project.
Project cost management involves creating a plan for managing costs, estimating the expenses associated with project activities, determining the overall budget for the project, and implementing controls to monitor and control costs throughout the project lifecycle.
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find the interest rates earned on each of the following. Round your answers to the nearest whole number. a. You borrow $700 and promise to pay back $784 at the end of 1 year. % b. You lend $700, and the borrower promises to pay you $784 at the end of 1 year. % c. You borrow $62,000 and promise to pay back $298,711 at the end of 12 years. % d. You borrow $8,000 and promise to make payments of $2,219.30 at the end of each year for 5 years. %
a. The interest rate earned when you borrow $700 and promise to pay back $784 at the end of 1 year can be calculated using the formula:
Interest Rate = [(Final Amount - Initial Amount) / Initial Amount] * 100
In this case, the initial amount is $700, and the final amount is $784. Plugging these values into the formula, we have:
Interest Rate = [(784 - 700) / 700] * 100
Interest Rate = (84 / 700) * 100
Interest Rate = 0.12 * 100
Interest Rate = 12%
Therefore, the interest rate earned is 12%.
b. The interest rate earned when you lend $700 and the borrower promises to pay you $784 at the end of 1 year is calculated in the same way as in part (a). The initial amount is $700, and the final amount is $784.
Interest Rate = [(784 - 700) / 700] * 100
Interest Rate = (84 / 700) * 100
Interest Rate = 0.12 * 100
Interest Rate = 12%
Therefore, the interest rate earned is 12%.
c. To find the interest rate earned when you borrow $62,000 and promise to pay back $298,711 at the end of 12 years, we can use the formula:
Interest Rate = [(Final Amount - Initial Amount) / Initial Amount] * 100
In this case, the initial amount is $62,000, and the final amount is $298,711.
Interest Rate = [(298,711 - 62,000) / 62,000] * 100
Interest Rate = (236,711 / 62,000) * 100
Interest Rate ≈ 382.12%
Therefore, the interest rate earned is approximately 382%.
d. When you borrow $8,000 and promise to make payments of $2,219.30 at the end of each year for 5 years, we can calculate the interest rate earned by comparing the total amount repaid to the initial amount borrowed.
Total amount repaid = $2,219.30 * 5 = $11,096.50
Interest Rate = [(Total Amount Repaid - Initial Amount) / Initial Amount] * 100
Interest Rate = [(11,096.50 - 8,000) / 8,000] * 100
Interest Rate = (3,096.50 / 8,000) * 100
Interest Rate ≈ 38.71%
Therefore, the interest rate earned is approximately 38.71%.
In conclusion, the interest rates earned are as follows:
a. 12%
b. 12%
c. 382%
d. Approximately 38.71%
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In your opinion, what are some key business reasons for emphasizing diversity & inclusion (D&I)?
Why is there no simple relationship between D&I and business performance?
What are some possible sources of intergenerational friction? How might you deal with those?
It has been said that D&I only endures when it is baked into the way a company does business every day. As a newly appointed CEO of a cosmetic company, how would you ensure that D&I is "baked in" the company culture?
Diversity and inclusion (D&I) has become a critical business factor in the twenty-first century. D&I can help businesses to promote innovation, creativity, and productivity.
It can also lead to increased customer satisfaction and engagement by connecting with a broader range of customers and clients. There is no straightforward relationship between D&I and business performance. Despite the positive effects, the impact of D&I on business performance depends on various factors, such as the company's size, type of industry, the nature of work, and external factors like the economic environment, political climate, and cultural differences. Some possible sources of intergenerational friction include a clash of values, different work styles, communication issues, resistance to change, and technological disparities. To deal with these, companies can implement diversity and inclusion training and initiatives.
This can help to raise awareness of the importance of D&I and provide the necessary skills to foster it. Recognize and reward D&I efforts: Create a reward system that recognizes employees who promote D&I and demonstrate the desired behaviors.
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What is the present value of a $350,000 cash flow to be received at the end of each of the next 10 years from an account that earns an annual rate of 4% ? PV=?,IV=4;,N=10,FV=350,0w,P(4T=0 PV=236,447,46 13. Repeat above question for annuity due. 14. What is the future value of an ordinary annuity of $72,000 for 4 years, if interest rates are 6 percent? 15. What is the future value of the same annuity due? 16. What is the present value of a $410,000 cash flow to be received at the beginning of each of the next 15 years from an account that earns an annual rate of 9% ?
Previous question
What is the present value of a $350,000 cash flow to be received at the end of each of the next 10 years from an account that earns an annual rate of 4% ?The present value (PV) of the cash flow can be calculated using the formula for the present value of an annuity.
[tex]PV = (FV x [1 - (1 / (1 + r)ⁿ)]) / rwhereFV = $350,000r = 4% = 0.04n = 10PV = ($350,000 x [1 - (1 / (1 + 0.04)¹⁰)]) / 0.04PV = $2,796,235.55[/tex]
The present value of the $350,000 cash flow to be received at the end of each of the next 10 years from an account that earns an annual rate of 4% is $2,796,235.55.Question 14: What is the future value of an ordinary annuity of $72,000 for 4 years, if interest rates are 6 percent?The future value (FV) of the ordinary annuity can be calculated using the formula for the future value of an annuity.
[tex]FV = PMT x [(1 + r)ⁿ - 1] / rwherePMT = $72,000r = 6% = 0.06n = 4FV = $72,000 x [(1 + 0.06)⁴ - 1] / 0.06FV = $327,829.19[/tex]
The future value of the ordinary annuity of $72,000 for 4 years, if interest rates are 6 percent is $327,829.19.Question 15: What is the future value of the same annuity due?The future value of the annuity due is equal to the future value of the ordinary annuity multiplied by (1 + r).FV(annuity due) = FV(ordinary annuity) x (1 + r)where
[tex]FV(ordinary annuity) = $327,829.19r = 6% = 0.06FV(annuity due) = $327,829.19 x (1 + 0.06)FV(annuity due) = $347,999.12[/tex]
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I want help please "Godfather Death"- Answer these questions in responses of at least three sentences long each.
What is the moral of this story?
How is Death portrayed?
What is most interesting about this tale?
"The Tale of the Three Brothers"- In a response of at least 100 words, discuss what is interesting about this story. Avoid retelling the story; don’t summarize the plot. Instead, focus on what the story suggests about the nature of death and those facing it.
"The Jilting of Granny Weatherall"- Answer these questions in responses of at least three sentences long each. Bring in specific examples from the text when able.
Discuss the story’s point-of-view. What is unique about it? Why do you think the author chose to write it in this way?
Who is Hapsy? What can she symbolize?
Look for other scenes/actions that can be viewed as symbolic. Discuss what they can symbolize and why.
Discuss Granny’s relationship with George and John. Which relationship had most effect on Granny?
Explore the ending and what its impact is on the reader. Is it a happy or sad ending? Both?
Godfather DeathThe story "Godfather Death" tells the tale of a man who chooses Death to be the godfather of his son. Death, who is supposed to be impartial and just, ends up favoring the boy to the detriment of the man.
The story's moral is that no one, not even Death, can be trusted with unlimited power.Granny WeatherallThe story "The Jilting of Granny Weatherall" is told from Granny Weatherall's point of view. This means that we see the world through her eyes and experience her thoughts and feelings. There are several scenes in the story that can be viewed as symbolic. For example, the unfinished quilt symbolizes Granny's unfinished life. The doctor's medicine symbolizes the false hope of a cure.
Additionally, the black veil that Granny sees over her face symbolizes death and the end of life. Granny had a jilted relationship with both George and John. The ending of the story is both happy and sad. Granny dies at the end, but she also finally finds peace and closure. The story suggests that Granny's death is not something to be feared but rather something to be accepted and embraced.
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If the US imposes a tariff on imported steel, the US producers of steel:
A. benefit and the US consumers of steel also benefit.
B. lose and the US consumers of steel benefit.
C. benefit and the US consumers of steel lose.
D. lose and the US consumers of steel also lose.
If the US imposes a tariff on imported steel, the US producers of steel- C. benefit and the US consumers of steel lose.
What is a tariff?A tariff is a tax levied by a government on goods or services imported from other countries to increase revenue or protect domestic industries from foreign competition.
As a result, the importing country's consumers must pay more for the same goods that they were previously able to purchase at a lower price, while the importing country's domestic manufacturers can raise their prices knowing that there is less competition from foreign suppliers.
When a country imposes a tariff on imported steel, the US producers of steel benefit and the US consumers of steel lose, so the correct option is C. benefit and the US consumers of steel lose.
Hence, option c. is correct.
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(Net present value calculation) Big Steve's, makers of swizzle sticks, is considering the purchase of a new plastic stamping machine. This investment requires an initial outlay of $110,000 and will generate net cash inflows of $20,000 per year for 8 years. a. What is the project's NPV using a discount rate of 7 percent? Should the project be accepted? Why or why not? b. What is the project's NPV using a discount rate of 16 percent? Should the project be accepted? Why or why not? c. What is this project's internal rate of return? Should the project be accepted? Why or why not? a. If the discount rate is 7 percent, then the project's NPV is $ (Round to the nearest dollar.)
The NPV of the project is $18,202, indicating a positive net present value. As a result, the project should be accepted.
If the discount rate is 7 percent, the project's NPV is $18,202 (rounded to the nearest dollar). Therefore, the project should be accepted because the NPV is positive, indicating that the present value of the cash inflows exceeds the present value of the cash outflows.
To calculate the net present value (NPV) of the investment, the following formula is used:
NPV = (CF0 / (1+r0)) + (CF1 / (1+r1)) + (CF2 / (1+r2)) + ... + (CFn / (1+rn))
Where:
CF = cash flow
r = discount rate
CF0 = cash flow in the first year
CF1 = cash flow in the second year
CF2 = cash flow in the third year
CFn = cash flow in the nth year
n = number of years
For this particular question:
CF0 = -$110,000 (initial outlay)
CF1 to CF8 = $20,000 each (net cash inflows for each year)
r = 7%
Applying the formula, we get:
NPV = (-$110,000 / 1.07) + ($20,000 / 1.07) + ($20,000 / 1.07²) + ... + ($20,000 / 1.07⁸)
NPV = -$110,000 + $18,202.27 + $17,028.56 + ... + $4,178.98
NPV = $18,202.27 (rounded)
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The security characteristic line is A) the trend line representing the security's tendency to advance or decline in the market over some period of time B) the "best fit" line representing the regression of the security's excess returns on market excess returns over some period of time C) another term for the capital allocation line representing the set of complete portfolios that can be constructed by combining the security with T-bill holdings D) None of the above answers is correct
The Security Characteristic Line (SCL) is a graph of the excess returns of a security against the excess returns of the market over a specific time frame.
The slope of the SCL, which reflects the sensitivity of the security's returns to changes in the market returns, is referred to as the beta coefficient. The SCL can aid in determining a stock's expected return and comparing it to the actual return to evaluate the stock's performance.
Furthermore, the SCL aids in the identification of over- and underpriced stocks. The option B is the correct answer. Thus, the Security Characteristic Line (SCL) is the "best fit" line representing the regression of the security's excess returns on market excess returns over some period of time. The SCL is often used to determine the security's beta, which reflects its sensitivity to market fluctuations.
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The objectives of a world-class purchasing organization do not include evolving beyond the traditional goal of getting the lowest price. TRUE FALSE 2. The buyer should assume that the purchasing cycle ends with the receipt of an ordered item or the selection of a supplier. TRUE FALSE 3. When purchasing works directly with internal stakeholders to anticipate future requirements, such as during new-product development, or with physician councils in a health care provider, purchasing is acting reactively. TRUE FALSE 4. The process that buyers use to select suppliers does not vary depending on the required item and relationship that a buyer has with its suppliers. TRUE FALSE
1. False
The objectives of a world-class purchasing organization are to evolve beyond the traditional goal of getting the lowest price. They should concentrate on value, quality, delivery, and service levels.
2. False
The purchasing cycle does not end with the receipt of an ordered item or the selection of a supplier. The purchasing cycle is a continuous process that involves identifying requirements, selecting suppliers, negotiating contracts, and monitoring supplier performance.
3. False
When purchasing works directly with internal stakeholders to anticipate future requirements, such as during new-product development, or with physician councils in a health care provider, purchasing is acting proactively.
4. False
The process that buyers use to select suppliers varies depending on the required item and relationship that a buyer has with its suppliers. The buyer may choose to use a formal request for proposal (RFP) process for major purchases or an informal process for routine purchases.
A world-class purchasing organization aims to evolve beyond the traditional goal of obtaining the lowest price. They should focus on value, quality, delivery, and service levels.
The purchasing cycle is a continuous process that involves identifying requirements, selecting suppliers, negotiating contracts, and monitoring supplier performance.
The purchasing department can be proactive when it collaborates with internal stakeholders to anticipate future requirements, such as during new-product development, or when it engages physician councils in a healthcare provider.
The process that buyers use to select suppliers varies depending on the required item and the relationship that a buyer has with its suppliers. For major purchases, the buyer may choose to use a formal request for proposal (RFP) process, while for routine purchases, an informal process can be employed.
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Recently, the owner of Martha's Wares encountered severe legal problems and is trying to sell her business. The company built a building at a cost of R1.2 million that is currently appraised at R1.4 million. The equipment originally cost R700 000 and is currently valued at R400 000. The inventory is valued on the balance sheet at R350 000 but has market value of only one-half of that amount. The owner expects to collect 95 per cent of the R200 000 in accounts receivable. The firm has R10 000 in cash and owes a total of R1.4 million. The legal problems are personal and unrelated to the actual business. (a) What is the market value of this firm?
The market value of this firm is R775,000. Martha's Wares built a building for R1.2 million that is currently appraised at R1.4 million. The equipment originally cost R700 000 and is currently valued at Rs.400,000.
The inventory is valued on the balance sheet at R350 000 but has a market value of only one-half of that amount. The owner expects to collect 95 percent of the R200 000 in accounts receivable. The firm has R10 000 in cash and owes a total of R1.4 million. The legal problems are personal and unrelated to the actual business.
To find the market value of this firm, we need to calculate its net asset value. The calculation is as follows:
Net Asset Value = Fixed Assets + Net Working Capital Fixed Assets = R1.4 million (market value of the building) + R400 000 (market value of the equipment)
= R1.8 million net Working Capital = Current Assets - Current Liabilities = (R175 000 (market value of inventory) + R190 000 (95% of accounts receivable)) - R1.4 million (total liabilities) + R10 000 (cash) = -R1,025,000
The negative value for net working capital indicates that the firm has more current liabilities than current assets, which is not a good sign and indicates that the company is financially unstable. Net Asset Value = R1.8 million + (-R1,025,000) = R775,000.
Therefore, the market value of this firm is R775,000.
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A right of renewal in a commercial lease arrangement allows for: Select one: O a. The permitted use to be amended O b. The landlord to extend the date of conditionality of a lease agreement O C. The tenant to extend the lease tenure as at a given date O d. A rollover of the agreement to lease prior to lease execution O e. A landlord to automatically renew their interest in the premises
The answer is option c. A right of renewal in a commercial lease arrangement allows the tenant to extend the lease tenure as at a given date.
The right of renewal provision in a commercial lease grants the tenant the option to extend the lease tenure beyond the initial lease term. This provision allows the tenant to continue occupying the premises for an additional period, usually under the same terms and conditions as the original lease. By exercising the right of renewal, the tenant can avoid the hassle of relocating and maintain stability in their business operations. It provides a sense of security and continuity for the tenant, ensuring they have a long-term space to conduct their business.
The lease agreement will outline the details of the renewal process and any associated requirements. Ultimately, the right of renewal empowers the tenant with the option to extend their lease tenure, providing flexibility and certainty for their business operations. The answer is option c.
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Identify specific ways that business model innovation can embrace social and environmental value creation ( max 300 words) want new answer not exactly which is here
Business model innovation can embrace social and environmental value creation through various ways, such as integrating sustainability into core business strategies.
Integrating sustainability into core business strategies: Companies can align their business models with sustainable practices by setting explicit environmental and social goals.
Adopting circular economy principles: By transitioning from a linear "take-make-dispose" model to a circular economy approach, businesses can minimize waste, extend product lifecycles, and promote resource efficiency.
Implementing responsible supply chain practices: Businesses can ensure ethical sourcing, fair labor practices, and sustainable supplier partnerships. This involves conducting due diligence on suppliers, promoting fair wages and working conditions, and reducing environmental impacts throughout the supply chain.
Fostering stakeholder engagement: Engaging with stakeholders, such as customers, employees, local communities, and NGOs, can lead to valuable insights and collaboration for social and environmental impact. This can involve transparent communication, incorporating feedback into decision-making processes, and partnering with stakeholders on initiatives that address shared challenges.
Leveraging technology for positive impact: Technological advancements offer opportunities to drive social and environmental value creation. For instance, companies can leverage digital platforms to enable resource sharing.
By integrating sustainability into core strategies, adopting circular economy principles, implementing responsible supply chain practices, fostering stakeholder engagement, and leveraging technology, businesses can embrace a more holistic approach that benefits both their bottom line and the planet.
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Foreign exchange Which of the following statements is (are) TRUE? Select one or more alternatives: On average, we can predict what the spot exchange rate will be in one year from today based on the current spot rate and the interest rates of the two currencies. Assuming CIP holds, if the forward HC/FC exchange rate is higher than the spot HC/FC exchange rate, the FC interest rate should be lower than the HC interest rate. If a company wants to enter into a currency forward contract to hedge its foreign currency exposure, it must first find another company that wishes to hedge the opposite foreign currency exposure. If a dealer quotes a bid and an ask exchange rate then the bid rate will be lower than the ask rate.
Foreign exchange markets facilitate the trading of one currency for another. In terms of international trade and investments, exchange rates are critical. Currencies are exchanged for trade and business to settle debts or obligations between parties.
The following statements are true:
If a dealer quotes a bid and an ask exchange rate, then the bid rate will be lower than the ask rate.
If a company wants to enter into a currency forward contract to hedge its foreign currency exposure, it must first find another company that wishes to hedge the opposite foreign currency exposure.
The foreign exchange market is the largest and most liquid market globally, with an average trading volume exceeding $5 trillion daily. Forex trading involves the trading of one currency for another. When someone buys or sells currency, they do so with the expectation that the exchange rate will rise or fall so that they may gain a profit.
Forex is a volatile market because exchange rates fluctuate frequently due to a variety of factors.
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How have capital flows been affected due to the Covid-19 pandemic and the war in Ukraine?
The covid-19 pandemic and the war in Ukraine have caused capital outflows from Ukraine and other affected countries due to global economic uncertainties and increased geopolitical risks.
The covid-19 pandemic and the war in Ukraine have had significant impacts on capital flows. The pandemic caused a global economic downturn, leading to decreased investor confidence and a flight to safety. Many investors withdrew their capital from riskier emerging markets, including Ukraine, and redirected it towards safe-haven assets, such as U.S. Treasury bonds, gold, and stable currencies like the U.S. dollar. This resulted in capital outflows from Ukraine and other affected countries.
The war in Ukraine created additional uncertainty and geopolitical risks. Investors tend to avoid regions of conflict due to the potential for further instability and economic disruption. The war led to a decline in foreign direct investment (FDI) and capital inflows into Ukraine, as investors sought more stable investment opportunities elsewhere.
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When her income increases from $10000 to $20000, as shown in the accompanying table, what's Mary's income elasticity of demand for Uber ride? (Hint: use the midpoint method and enter your answer in 2 decimals) Your Answer: Answer
Mary's income elasticity of demand for Uber rides is approximately 0.67.
To calculate Mary's income elasticity of demand for Uber rides, we need to use the midpoint method. The formula for income elasticity of demand is:
Income Elasticity of Demand = ((Q2 - Q1) / ((Q1 + Q2) / 2)) / ((I2 - I1) / ((I1 + I2) / 2))
Where:
Q1 = Quantity demanded at the initial income level
Q2 = Quantity demanded at the new income level
I1 = Initial income level
I2 = New income level
In this case, let's assume that at an income level of $10,000, Mary consumes 100 Uber rides (Q1), and at an income level of $20,000, she consumes 200 Uber rides (Q2).
Using the midpoint method, we can calculate the income elasticity of demand as follows:
Income Elasticity of Demand = ((200 - 100) / ((100 + 200) / 2)) / ((20,000 - 10,000) / ((10,000 + 20,000) / 2))
Simplifying the equation:
Income Elasticity of Demand = (100 / 150) / (10,000 / 15,000)
Income Elasticity of Demand = 0.6667
Therefore, Mary's income elasticity of demand for Uber rides is approximately 0.67.
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Mary's income elasticity of demand for Uber rides, when her income increases from $10,000 to $20,000, is -0.33.
To calculate Mary's income elasticity of demand for Uber rides, we can use the midpoint method. The income elasticity of demand is defined as the percentage change in quantity demanded divided by the percentage change in income.
Step 1: Calculate the percentage change in quantity demanded.
Quantity demanded at the initial income level (Q1) = 100
Quantity demanded at the new income level (Q2) = 80
Percentage change in quantity demanded = (Q2 - Q1) / [(Q1 + Q2) / 2] * 100
Percentage change in quantity demanded = (80 - 100) / [(100 + 80) / 2] * 100
= -20 / 90 * 100
= -22.22%
Step 2: Calculate the percentage change in income.
Initial income (I1) = $10,000
New income (I2) = $20,000
Percentage change in income = (I2 - I1) / [(I1 + I2) / 2] * 100
Percentage change in income = (20,000 - 10,000) / [(10,000 + 20,000) / 2] * 100
= 10,000 / 15,000 * 100
= 66.67%
Step 3: Calculate the income elasticity of demand.
Income elasticity of demand = (Percentage change in quantity demanded) / (Percentage change in income)
Income elasticity of demand = (-22.22%) / (66.67%)
= -0.33
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3. [-/20 Points] DETAILS ASWMSC115 7.E.011. ASK YOUR TEACHER PRACTICE ANOTHE Hart Manufacturing makes three products. Each product requires manufacturing operations in three departments: A, B, and C. The labor-hour requirements, by department, are as follows. Department Product 1 Product 2 Product 3 1.50 3.00 2.00 0.25 A Mas B Department A Department B 1.00 Department C PLP2P 201 0.25 2.00 During the next production period, the labor-hours available are 450 in department A, 350 in department B, and 50 in department C. The profit contributions per unit are $24 for product 1, $27 for product 2, and $29 for product 3. (4) Formulate a linear programming model for maximizing total profit contribution. (Let P, units of product i produced, for /-1, 2, 3.) 2.50 0.25 MY NOTES (b) Selve the linear program formulated in part (a). How much of each product should be produced, and what is the projected total profit contribution (in dollars) with profes (0) After evaluating the solution obtained in part (b), one of the production supervisors noted that production setup costs had not been taken into account. She noted that setup costs are $360 for product 1, $530 for product 2, and $610 for product 3. If the solution developed in part (b) is to be used, what is the total profit contribution (in dollars) after taking into account the setup cost? (b) Solve the linear program formulated in part (a). How much of each product should be produced, and what is the projected total profit contribution (in dollars)? (c) After evaluating the solution obtained in part (b), one of the production supervisors noted that production setup costs had not been taken into account. She noted that setup costs are $360 for product 1, $520 for product 2, and $610 for product 3. If the solution developed in part (b) is to be used, what is the total profit contribution (in dollars) after taking into account the setup costs? S (d) Management realized that the optimal product mix, taking setup costs into account, might be different from the one recommended in part (b). Formulate a mixed-integer linear program that takes setup costs into account Management also stated that we should not consider making more than 185 units of product 1, 190 units of product 2, or 195 units of product 3. (Let P,- units of product/produced and y, be the 0-1 variable that is one if any quantity of product / is produced and zero otherwise, for /-1, 2, 3) What is the objective function of the mixed-integer linear program? Max In addition to the constraints from part (a), what other constraints should be added to the mixed-integer inear program? S.T. units of Product 1 produced units of Product 2 produced with profits units of Product 3 produced P₁ P₂ PyVy ₁-0, 1 (e) Solve the mixed-integer Snear program formulated in part (d). How much of each product should be produced, and what is the projected total profit (in dollars) contribution? ])- with profit s
Linear Programming model for maximizing total profit contribution can be calculated as the decision variables are to be defined as P1, P2 and P3 and the objective function is to maximize the total profit contribution. Thus, the total Profit Contribution = $9873
When we maximize Total Profit Contribution (Z) = 24P1 + 27P2 + 29P3By using the constraints, the linear programming model can be developed as follows:
Subject to constraints,1.50P1 + 3.00P2 + 2.00P3 ≤ 450 (Labor availability of A)1.00P1 + 0.25P2 + 2.00P3 ≤ 350 (Labor availability of B)0.25P1 + 2.00P2 + 0.25P3 ≤ 50 (Labor availability of C)P1 ≤ 185 (Restriction on Product 1)P2 ≤ 190 (Restriction on Product 2)P3 ≤ 195 (Restriction on Product 3)
Where, P1, P2, and P3 are units of product 1, 2 and 3 respectively. The solution obtained in part (b) is as follows:Product 1 = 185, Product 2 = 108.33 (rounded to 109), Product 3 = 47.5 (rounded to 48)Total Profit Contribution = 24*185 + 27*109 + 29*48 = $9873. Answer: (b)Product 1 = 185, Product 2 = 109, Product 3 = 48Total Profit Contribution = $9873
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A hamburger factory produces 50,000 hamburgers each week. The equipment used costs $15,000 and will remain productive for three years. The labor cost per year is $13,500.
What is the productivity measure of "units of output per dollar of input" averaged over the three-year period? Assume that there are 52 weeks per year. Round your answer to one decimal place.
Productivity: hamburgers/dollar
We have the option of $12,500 equipment, with an operating life of two years. It would increase labor costs to $15,500 per year. Should we consider purchasing this equipment (using productivity arguments alone)? Assume that there are 52 weeks per year. Round your answer for productivity to one decimal place.
For the cheap machine, productivity is hamburgers/dollar input. Because the productivity of the cheap machine is -Select-higherlowerItem 3 , it would be a -Select-goodbadItem 4 investment based on this single criterion.
The given problem can be solved using the productivity measure of "units of output per dollar of input" averaged over the three-year period.
Let's find the answer to the given problem below: Firstly, let's calculate the units of output per dollar of input using the given data. The total cost of labor for three years = 3 x $13,500 = $40,500The total cost of equipment for three years = $15,000The total number of hamburgers produced in three years = 50,000 x 52 x 3 = 7,800,000 hamburgers. Therefore, the units of output per dollar of input can be calculated as follows: Units of output = 7,800,000 hamburgers Dollar of input = $40,500 + $15,000 = $55,500Productivity = Units of output/Dollar of input = 7,800,000/55,500 = 140.54 hamburgers/dollar of input.
Averaging the productivity over the three-year period, we get:Average Productivity = 140.54/3 ≈ 46.8 hamburgers/dollar of input.Now let's determine whether to consider purchasing the $12,500 equipment for two years (with an increase in labor costs to $15,500 per year) based on productivity arguments alone:The productivity of the cheap machine is lower than that of the original machine. Hence, it would be a bad investment based on this single criterion.
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Mrs Judy, a South African resident who is 72 years old has the following investment income: South African dividends (exempt in terms of s 10(1)(k)) R50 000 South African interest R40 000 Foreign dividends (exempt in terms of s 10(1)(k)(ii)) R7 500 Foreign dividends (not specifically exempted) R750 Foreign interest R200
1 Calculate Mrs Judy’s gross and exempt income for the 2020 year of assessment. 2 List examples of Lump-sum benefits paid under paragraph (d) of special inclusions.
3 State the exemption applicable to uniform allowance.
1) Calculation of Mrs. Judy’s gross and exempt income for the 2020 year of assessment. Mrs. Judy’s gross income for the 2020 year of assessment is Rs 98,450. Let us calculate Mrs. Judy's exempt income: Exempt income = (South African dividends exempted under section 10(1)(k)) + (Foreign dividends exempted under section 10(1)(k)(ii)) Rs 50,000 + Rs 7500= Rs 57,500. Therefore, Mrs. Judy’s exempt income for the 2020 year of assessment is R57 500.
2) Examples of lump-sum benefits paid under paragraph (d) of special inclusions. The following are some examples of lump-sum benefits paid under paragraph (d) of special inclusions: Benefits received by or accrued to any person as a lump sum on or after retirement or death as a consequence of past employment, in respect of any pension, annuity, provident fund, retirement annuity fund or preservation fund.
3) The exemption applicable to uniform allowance. The exemption applicable to uniform allowance is as follows: An amount up to Rs 5000 per annum received by an employee as an allowance in respect of any uniform or wear and tear of any special clothing which is required by his employer to be worn while on duty is exempt from tax.
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According to Moody's, particular bond issue for firm A has a default probability of 8%, and an expected recovery rate of 43%. What is the expected loss from investing in this bond issue? Round your answer to 4 decimal places. For example if your answer is 3.205%, then please write down 0.0321.
The expected loss from investing in this bond issue is 0.0456 = 0.0456.
Default probability (p) = 8% = 0.08
Expected recovery rate (R) = 43% = 0.43
Expected loss (L) can be calculated as:
Expected loss (L) = p × (1 – R)
L = 0.08 × (1 – 0.43)L = 0.08 × 0.57L = 0.0456
Therefore, the expected loss from investing in this bond issue is 0.0456, rounded to 4 decimal places, i.e., 0.0456.
Precontrol ALE - (Post control ALE + ACS) = Result is the outcome of deducting the post-control annualised loss expectancy and the acs from the pre-control annualised loss expectancy.
The annualised loss expectation (ALE) formula determines how much money a business might lose overall each year as a result of security events. Pre-control ALE denotes the estimated losses prior to the implementation of any security measures, and post-control ALE denotes the estimated losses following the adoption of security measures.
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An investor invest 60% of her wealth in a risky asset with an expected retum of 15% and variance of 9% and she put the remaining 40% in a Treasury bill that pays 5% (variance equals to 0). Compute the standard deviation of the portfolio: A. 16% B. 18% C. 20% D. Not possible to determine 17. A passive investment strategy yhould exhibit a: A. Positive alpha (α) B. Negative alpha (α) C) A zero alpha (α) D. It cannot be determined 18. You invest $600 in JPM with a beta of 1.7 and $400 in MSFT with a beta of 0.5. The beta of the formed portfolio is A. 1.02 B. 1.12 C. 1.22 D. 1.32 19. A 120/20 strategy investment strategy that is used by some mutual funds consists in a combination of: (A.) 120% long and 20% short B. 120% short and 20% long C. 100% long and 20% short D. 20% long and 100% short 20. is often considered to be a measure of fund manager's skill. A. Beta B. Sharne ratio C. Alpha D. Variance 21. The security variance σ 2
(standard deviation squared) is a measure of A. Firm-specific (idiosyncratic) risk B. Total risk: C. Systemic rist D. Market risik 22. Suppose the standard deviation of a security is 25%. The security beta is 1.0 and the standard deviation of the market portfolio is 20%. Based on the information, the portion of idiosyncratic risk is: A. 64% B. 36% C. 50% D. 100%
The answers to all the questions are explained in details about standard deviation, idiosyncratic risk.
An investor invests 60% of her wealth in a risky asset with an expected return of 15% and variance of 9%and she put the remaining 40% in a Treasury bill that pays 5% (variance equals to 0).
The formula for the standard deviation of the portfolio is:
$$\sigma_p = \sqrt{w_1^2 \sigma_1^2 + w_2^2 \sigma_2^2 + 2 w_1 w_2 Cov(R_1, R_2)}$$
Substituting the values in the above equation, we get:
$$\sigma_p = \sqrt{(0.6)^2 (0.09) + (0.4)^2 (0)}$$ $$\sigma_p = \sqrt{0.0324}$$ $$\sigma_p = 0.18$$
Therefore, the standard deviation of the portfolio is B. 18%.17.
A passive investment strategy should exhibit a:
Answer: C) A zero alpha (α)18. C
alculation of Beta is as follows:
$$\beta_p = w_1\beta_1 + w_2\beta_2$$
Substituting the values in the above equation, we get:
$$\beta_p = 0.6 (1.7) + 0.4 (0.5)$$ $$\beta_p = 1.22$$
Therefore, the beta of the formed portfolio is C. 1.22.19.
A 120/20 strategy investment strategy that is used by some mutual funds consists in a combination of:Answer: A. 120% long and 20% short20. Alpha is often considered to be a measure of fund manager's skill.21.
The security variance σ2 (standard deviation squared) is a measure of Answer: A. Firm-specific (idiosyncratic) risk.22.
Calculation of idiosyncratic risk is as follows:$$\beta_p^2 \sigma_M^2 = \sigma_1^2 + Cov(R_1,R_M)$$Substituting the values in the above equation, we get:$$1.0^2 (0.2)^2 = (0.25)^2 + Cov(R_1,R_M)$$ $$Cov(R_1,R_M) = 0.036$$
The portion of idiosyncratic risk is:$$\frac{\sigma_1^2}{\sigma_p^2} = \frac{(0.25)^2}{(0.25)^2 + 0.036} = 0.866$$
Therefore, the portion of idiosyncratic risk is 86.6%, which is approximately 86% or option B. 36% is the closest.
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which point in time would you address this with the employee? I have found some companies speak to this during reviews, some gauge during the interview process, even some set up plans during new hire orientation or on-boarding. Would you look to know what a person's long-term goals are before hiring?
It is better to know what a person's long-term career goals are before hiring. This helps you to determine whether or not the person will be committed to the company in the long run.
It is best to address this point during the interview process because it gives you the opportunity to ask potential employees about their career goals, what they hope to achieve in the future, and their plans for personal growth.
This will help you to determine whether or not the candidate will be a good fit for the company in the long term.
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Current Attempt in Progress Oriole Company expects to produce 1,260,000 units of product XX in 2022. Monthly production is expected to range from 80,500 to 128,300 units. Budgeted variable manufacturing costs per unit are as follows: direct materials $4, direct labour $7, and overhead \$9. Budgeted fixed manufacturing costs per unit for depreciation are $5 and for supervision $2. In March 2022, the company incurs the following costs in producing 104,400 units: direct materials $444,600, direct labour $726,800, and variable overhead $947,600. Actual fixed overhead equalled budgeted fixed overhead. Prepare a flexible budget report for March. (List variable costs before fixed costs.)
To set up an adaptable financial plan report for Spring, we really want to compute the all out factor expenses and all out fixed costs in light of the genuine creation level. This is the way it can be made happen:
Ascertain the planned variable assembling costs per unit:
Direct materials: $4
Direct work: $7
Above: $9
Ascertain the planned fixed assembling costs per unit:
Deterioration: $5
Management: $2
Ascertain the absolute factor costs for Spring:
Variable expense per unit = Direct materials + Direct work + Above
= $4 + $7 + $9 = $20
All out factor costs = Variable expense per unit * Genuine creation units
= $20 * 104,400 units
Ascertain the complete fixed costs for Spring:
Fixed cost per unit = Deterioration + Oversight
= $5 + $2 = $7
All out fixed costs = Fixed cost per unit * Genuine creation units
= $7 * 104,400 units
Set up the adaptable financial plan report for Spring:
Adaptable Financial plan Report for Walk 2022
Genuine Creation Units: 104,400 units
Variable Assembling Expenses:
Direct Materials: $444,600
Direct Work: $726,800
Variable Above: $947,600
All out Factor Expenses: $20 * 104,400 units
Fixed Assembling Expenses:
Deterioration: (same as planned)
Management: (same as planned)
All out Fixed Expenses: $7 * 104,400 units
All out Assembling Expenses: All out Factor Expenses + Absolute Fixed Expenses
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According to the income statement given, Water and Power Co.'s earnings before interest, taxes, depreciation, and amortization (EBITDA) was $1,000 which of the following statements will be correct? Check all that apply. Water and Power Co.'s EBITDA will remain unchanged. X Water and Power Co. will have a lower net income. Water and Power Co. will pay more in taxes. X Water and Power Co.'s operating income will decrease. X Water and Power Co. will have a higher net income. Explanation: Close Explanation ヘ EBITDA-an acronym for earnings before interest, taxes, depreciation, and amortization-is calculated by subtracting the operating costs, excluding depreciation and amortization. You can also calculate EBITDA by adding depreciation and amortization expenses back into the EBIT (the operating income). So a decrease in the annual depreciation expense will have no impact on the EBITDA. It will remain unchanged. Because the annual depreciation expense will decrease, a lesser amount will be deducted from the net sales, and the company's operating income (EBIT) will thus increase. Interest expenses will remain the same, so a higher operating income will lead to a higher taxable income tax rate does not change; therefore the company will pay more in taxes, but the increase in taxes will be smaller than in the in income, and therefore the company's net income will increase.
According to the income statement given, Water and Power Co.'s earnings before interest, taxes, depreciation, and amortization (EBITDA) was $1,000.
Out of the five statements given below, the following three statements are correct:Water and Power Co. will have a lower net income. Water and Power Co.'s operating income will decrease. Water and Power Co. will pay more in taxes. Explanation:The EBITDA remains unchanged if the depreciation and amortization expenses remain the same.
However, in this question, it is given that the depreciation expenses decreased. As a result, the operating income (EBIT) of the Water and Power Co. will increase.The interest expenses will remain the same, so a higher operating income will lead to a higher taxable income, and therefore, the company will pay more in taxes.
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Firm H has the opportunity to engage in a transaction that will generate $100,000 cash flow (and taxable income) in year 0 . a. Calculate the after-tax cash flow from the transaction described above. b. How does the NPV of the transaction change if the firm could restructure the transaction in a way that doesn't change before-tax cash flow but results in no taxable income in year 0,$50,000 taxable income in year 1 , and the remaining $50,000 taxable income in year 2 ? Assume a 6 percent discount rate and a 21 percent marginal tax rate for the three-year period.
a. To calculate the after-tax cash flow from the transaction in year 0, we need to apply the marginal tax rate to the taxable income.
Given:
Cash flow (and taxable income) in year 0 = $100,000
Marginal tax rate = 21%
After-tax cash flow = Cash flow - (Cash flow * Tax rate)
After-tax cash flow = $100,000 - ($100,000 * 0.21)
b. To calculate the NPV of the transaction under the restructured scenario, we need to discount the after-tax cash flows in year 1 and year 2 to the present value using a discount rate of 6%.
Year 0:
The after-tax cash flow in year 0 remains the same as calculated in part a.
Year 1:
Taxable income in year 1 = $50,000
Tax expense in year 1 = Taxable income * Tax rate
Tax expense in year 1 = $50,000 * 0.21
After-tax cash flow in year 1 = $50,000 - ($50,000 * 0.21)
Year 2:
Taxable income in year 2 = $50,000
Tax expense in year 2 = Taxable income * Tax rate
Tax expense in year 2 = $50,000 * 0.21
After-tax cash flow in year 2 = $50,000 - ($50,000 * 0.21)
NPV of the transaction = (After-tax cash flow in year 0) + (Present value of after-tax cash flow in year 1) + (Present value of after-tax cash flow in year 2)
NPV = After-tax cash flow + (After-tax cash flow in year 1 / (1 + Discount rate)^1) + (After-tax cash flow in year 2 / (1 + Discount rate)^2)
Please note that the exact numerical calculations cannot be provided without the specific discount rate. The discount rate should be substituted into the equations to obtain the precise NPV.
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An entrepreneur has a project that requires an investment outlay of I = 55 and generates profits
X that can take values {XL, XH}, with XL = 30 and XH = 120. The entrepreneur can exert high
effort eH or low effort eL. Let p(e) be the probability that profits are XH when the entrepreneur
puts effort e.
Assume that p(e^H) = 0.8 and p(e^L) = 0.2. The cost of high effort is c(e^H) = 27 and
the cost of low effort is c(e^L) = 0. Assume throughout that the entrepreneur is risk neutral. Suppose that the entrepreneur has no resources of her own (i.e., A = 0 where A is a percentage of her ownership) and considers financing the project via outside parties.
(iv) Suppose now that the entrepreneur finances the project by offering to repay the investor
XL = 30 if profits are XL and to repay Z ∈ (XL, XH) if profits are XH. Hence, in this case
the entrepreneur earns 0 if profits are XL and earns XH − Z if profits are XH. Show that, for
any Z < 75, the entrepreneur finds it optimal to put high effort.
Hint: In this case, the entrepreneur’s expected utility if she puts effort level e is p(e)(XH − Z) + (1 − p(e))(XL − XL) − c(e) = p(e)(XH − Z) − c(e).
For any Z < 75, the entrepreneur finds it optimal to put in high effort.
To determine the entrepreneur's optimal effort level when offering repayment Z ∈ (XL, XH) if profits are XH, let's analyze the expected utility for each effort level. The expected utility for putting high effort (eH) is p(eH)(XH - Z) - c(eH), while the expected utility for low effort (eL) is p(eL)(XH - Z) - c(eL).
Substituting the given values, we have:
Expected utility for eH = 0.8(XH - Z) - 27
Expected utility for eL = 0.2(XH - Z) - 0
For any Z < 75, we want to compare the expected utilities of eH and eL. Let's assume Z = 74 as an example.
Expected utility for eH = 0.8(XH - 74) - 27 = 0.8(120 - 74) - 27 = 0.8(46) - 27 = 36.8 - 27 = 9.8
Expected utility for eL = 0.2(XH - 74) - 0 = 0.2(120 - 74) - 0 = 0.2(46) - 0 = 9.2
In this case, the expected utility is higher for eH (9.8) compared to eL (9.2). Therefore, the entrepreneur would find it optimal to put in high effort when Z = 74.
By applying the same comparison process to other values of Z < 75, we would find that the expected utility is always higher for eH than for eL. Hence, regardless of the specific value of Z, as long as Z < 75, the entrepreneur would find it optimal to put in high effort.
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Investments
Rate of Return from Dividends (%) Rate of Return from Capital Gains (%) Average Annual Total Return (%)
1930s 5.7% −1.4% 4.3%
1940s 5.8% 3.8% 9.6%
1950s 4.7% 16.2% 20.9%
1960s 3.2% 5.4% 8.6%
1970s 4.2% 3.3% 7.5%
1980s 4.1% 13.8% 17.9%
1990s 2.4% 16.5% 18.9%
2000–2009 1.8% −0.7% 1.1%
1900–2014 3.9% 7.5% 11.4%
Look at the record of stock returns in Table 6.1 in Chapter 6 of your textbook.
a. How would you compare the average annual returns for the various decades?
b. Considering the average annual returns that have been generated over holding periods of 10 years of more, what rate return do you feel is typical for the stock market in general? Is it unreasonable to expect this kind of return, on average, in the future?
Explain.
Please cite all sources
a. Comparison of the average annual returns for the various decades: The average annual total return for the decades in the table in Chapter 6 is as follows:
1930s - 4.3%1940s - 9.6%1950s - 20.9%1960s - 8.6%1970s - 7.5%1980s - 17.9%1990s - 18.9%2000–2009 - 1.1%1900–2014 - 11.4%.
It is clear that the return on investment has decreased over time, with the exception of the 1990s, which saw a high return on investment.
b. Considering the average annual returns that have been generated over holding periods of 10 years or more, what rate return do you feel is typical for the stock market in general? It is unreasonable to expect this kind of return, on average, in the future. Investment professionals usually recommend that investors plan for an average annual return of 8 to 10% on their investments over the long term, with a large portion of this return coming from capital appreciation rather than dividends. However, the stock market's returns fluctuate widely over time.
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