One of the companies that exhibit a collaborative approach to employee engagement is Workday. Workday is a company based in the United States that provides human capital management and financial management software services.
This company focuses on offering employees a work-life balance that allows them to spend more time with their families and engage in their personal interests. Workday's culture emphasizes individual growth, continuous learning, and innovation. Additionally, the company provides an open forum for its employees to share their ideas and opinions to help improve its operations and services. Workday motivates its employees by offering several incentives such as bonuses and profit sharing, healthcare and wellness programs, and educational reimbursements.
These programs are aimed at improving employee job satisfaction, reducing employee turnover, and improving organizational efficiency. The company uses team-building strategies such as open communication channels and cross-functional collaboration to ensure that teams are working towards common goals and objectives. This collaborative approach helps to improve employee morale and foster a sense of community among employees. In my opinion, Workday is one of the best companies for which to work because it has a positive work culture that focuses on personal growth, innovation, and work-life balance.
Workday distinguishes itself from other companies by offering its employees incentives that promote individual and organizational growth and by providing a work environment that encourages open communication and collaboration.
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Total productive maintenance relles on what basic concept? Multiple Choice Employees keeping their equipment in good operating onder Sratisticaly determining the number of breakdowes in a given time period Tonal cost of breakdown and preventive mainsenente Increasing the frequency of scheduled maintenance
Total Productive Maintenance (TPM) relies on the basic concept of employees keeping their equipment in good operating order. TPM is a maintenance strategy that aims to increase equipment effectiveness and reliability.
The employees work together to identify and correct potential problems that could cause equipment to malfunction or break down.In TPM, the emphasis is on preventive maintenance, rather than reactive maintenance. This means that maintenance activities are scheduled before equipment failure occurs, rather than waiting for the equipment to break down before taking action. By doing this, downtime is minimized, and the overall equipment effectiveness is increased.TPM also focuses on involving operators in maintenance activities.
By training operators to perform routine maintenance tasks, they become more familiar with the equipment, and are better able to detect and correct potential problems. This not only improves equipment reliability, but also promotes a sense of ownership among the operators.TPM is a continuous improvement process that requires the participation of everyone in the organization. By promoting teamwork and employee involvement, TPM helps to create a culture of continuous improvement, where employees are empowered to take ownership of their work and strive for excellence in everything they do.
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Multiple Choice Question
The purpose of an account is to
- summarize all transactions for that item.
- record all the transactions of the company for a particular day.
- classify items on the balance sheet.
- list all of the daily transactions of the company.
An account is a record of financial transactions that include a record of increases and decreases in a particular asset, liability, or equity element. The purpose of an account is to summarize all transactions for that item. The following are the accounts commonly found on the general ledger:
Assets, Liabilities, Equity, Revenues, and Expenses. It's a useful tool for tracking financial transactions within an organization that has a dual-entry bookkeeping system. The journal entries recorded in the books of accounts are classified into assets, liabilities, revenues, expenses, and equity.
When preparing financial statements, such as the balance sheet, income statement, and cash flow statement, the balance sheet is classified in such a way that each account is grouped into a category. Therefore, the statement is presented in a way that readers can easily understand the financial health of the business.
The main reason for using an account is to keep track of all financial transactions so that the company can produce accurate and relevant financial statements that are useful for making business decisions. Therefore, the purpose of an account is to summarize all transactions for that item. Thus, option A is the right answer.
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ABC Ltd. Is 100 percent owned by XYZ Ltd. The company has been profitable in the past. However, it has incurred a loss in the current year ended December 31, 2018. The parent company has indicated it is considering selling ABC Ltd. If it incurs another loss. in response, ABC is looking into producing private label beverages, which have a higher gross margin than its regular product line, for the supermarket chain, ValueMart Inc. In order to produce ValueMart's private label products, ABC needs to expand its packaging facility. To finance the expansion, the company has applied to the Canada Business Bank. The bank has indicated that before it will approve the loan application it requires audited financial statements for the year 2018. It also wants to ensure that the entity has a current ratio of 2:1. This is the first year the firm, Peters and Peters, has audited ABC. Graves and Collins, LLP, had been ABC 's auditors for many years; however, due to a disagreement over the revenue recognition method, ABC did
Required: A. Based upon the case facts, which benchmark will be most appropriate for overall materiality: 1. Current year's assets. 2. Current year's net income. 3. Previous year's net income. 4. Current year's revenue. 5. An average of the current year's net assets and net income. B. Provide an explanation for your choice. C. What benchmark percentage is most appropriate? Use case facts to support your choice.
Based upon the given case, the benchmark that will be most appropriate for overall materiality is current year's revenue.
The most appropriate benchmark for overall materiality is current year's revenue because it will be used in determining the amount of the bank loan that ABC Ltd is applying for and is likely to get approved. C. The benchmark percentage that is most appropriate is 5% of the current year's revenue. Use the case facts to support your choice. Factors to consider for overall materiality include: Overall materiality is a term used in financial auditing to determine the accuracy of a financial statement by comparing it to the overall financial performance of the company.
In order to achieve overall materiality, the auditor considers several factors, including:1. Current year's assets: The value of assets held by the company in the current year.2. Current year's net income: The total income received in the current year less any deductions or expenses.3. Previous year's net income: The total income received in the previous year less any deductions or expenses.
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Show that the game below has no equilibrium in mixed-strategies.
L C R
U 1 , 0 1 , 2 0, 1
D 0 , 3 0 , 1 2 , 0
The game above cannot have a pure Nash equilibrium (NE) because player 1 has two dominant strategies: playing L when player 2 chooses R and playing R when player 2 plays L. When player 2 plays U or D, player 1 is indifferent between L and R.
Similarly, player 2 cannot have a pure NE because, when player 1 plays L, player 2 is better off playing R, and when player 1 plays R, player 2 is better off playing U. When player 1 plays L or R, player 2 is in different between U and D. Since the game has no pure NE, we need to check if there are any mixed strategy NEs. Suppose player 1 plays L with probability p and R with probability 1 - p. Then player 2 plays U with probability q and D with probability 1 - q. The expected payoff for player 1 is 1q + 2(1 - q)p + p(1 - q) = 2p + q - 2pq. The expected payoff for player 2 is 3p + q(1 - p) + 2(1 - p)(1 - q) = 5q - 3pq - 2p. To find a mixed strategy NE, we set the partial derivative of player 1's expected payoff with respect to p equal to zero. This gives q = 1/2. Substituting q = 1/2 into the equation for player 1's expected payoff, we get 2p + 1/2 - p = 1/2 + p - 2p/2, which simplifies to p = 1/4.
However, when player 1 plays L with probability 1/4 and R with probability 3/4, player 2's expected payoff is 3(1/4) + 1(3/4) = 6/4, which is greater than the expected payoff of 5/4 when player 2 plays U with probability 1/2 and D with probability 1/2.
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Assume that an investment is forecast to produce the foliowing returns: a 20% probability of a 9% retum: 50% probababy of a 19% return, a 30% peobatily of a 22% retum. The standard deviafion of retirns fot this investment is as 3.11
The expected return of the investment is 17.9%. This means that if we were to repeat this investment many times, on average, we can expect a return of 17.9%.
To calculate the expected return, we need to multiply each possible return by its corresponding probability and sum the results. In this case, we have three possible returns: 9%, 19%, and 22%, with probabilities of 20%, 50%, and 30% respectively.
Expected Return = (0.20 * 0.09) + (0.50 * 0.19) + (0.30 * 0.22)
Expected Return = 0.018 + 0.095 + 0.066
Expected Return = 0.179 or 17.9%
Therefore, the expected return of the investment is 17.9%.
The expected return of the investment is 17.9%. This means that if we were to repeat this investment many times, on average, we can expect a return of 17.9%. However, it's important to note that the expected return does not guarantee the actual return for any individual investment.
Additionally, it is worth mentioning that the standard deviation of returns for this investment is given as 3.11. The standard deviation measures the volatility or variability of returns around the expected return. A higher standard deviation indicates a greater level of risk associated with the investment. In this case, the relatively high standard deviation suggests that the investment has a significant level of risk, as the returns can deviate quite a bit from the expected return.
Investors should carefully consider the expected return and the associated risk before making any investment decisions, taking into account their own risk tolerance and investment goals.
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Speedy Delivery Company purchases a delivery van for $44,000. Speedy estimates that at the end of its four-year service life, the van will be worth $7,200. During the four-year period, the company expects to drive the van 184,000 miles. Actual miles driven each year were 48,000 miles in year 1 and 56,000 miles in year 2.
The actual mileage driven in the first two years exceeded the projected rate, which may impact the van's depreciation and future value. A thorough analysis is needed for informed decision-making.
Speedy Delivery Company's purchase of a delivery van for $44,000 indicates the initial cost of the asset. They estimate that after four years of service, the van will have a residual value of $7,200, which represents its expected worth at the end of its useful life.
This estimation takes into account factors like wear and tear, depreciation, and market value.
The total mileage projected for the van over the four-year period is 184,000 miles. However, the actual mileage driven in the first year was 48,000 miles, and in the second year, it was 56,000 miles.
These figures suggest that the van is being utilized at different rates each year, which might have implications for its depreciation and wear and tear.
Analyzing the information provided, it seems that the van's usage in the first two years has exceeded the anticipated rate. This could potentially affect the van's value and condition in subsequent years, as it might experience more wear and tear than initially estimated.
To accurately assess the van's depreciation and remaining value, it is crucial to consider the actual mileage driven in each year, potential repairs or maintenance costs, and the impact on the van's market value over time.
A comprehensive analysis of these factors will enable Speedy Delivery Company to make informed decisions regarding the van's depreciation and potential replacement at the end of its service life.
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The Kelmer Performing Arts Center offers a series of four programs from a list that includes jazz, bluegrass, folk, classical, and comedy. The Program Coordinator needs to determine which acts to choose for next year's series. She assigned an "impact" rating to each artist that reflects how well the act meets the center's mission and provides community value. This rating is on a scale from 1 to 4, with 4 being the greatest impact and 1 being the least impact. The theater has 500 seats with an average ticket price of $12. Based on an estimate of the potential sales, the revenue from each artist is calculated. The center has a budget of $20,000 and would like the total impact factor to be at least 12, reflecting an average impact per artist of at least 3. To avoid duplication of genres, at most one of artists 1, 5, and 8 may be chosen, and at most one of artists 3 and 6 may be chosen. Finally, the center wishes to maximize its revenue. Data are in the accompanying table. Develop and solve an optimization model to find the best program schedule to maximize the total revenue. Click the icon to view the cost, impact, and sales data for the acts. Which combination of artists maximizes revenue within the constraints? Select all that apply. U U A. 2 B. 7 C. 8 D. 5 E. 3 F. 6 G. 9 H. 1 4 Data for the Acts Artist 1 234567 7 8 9 Cost $6,500.00 $8,000.00 $1,500.00 $3,000.00 $1,175.00 $1,500.00 $5,000.00 $2,500.00 $7,000.00 Impact 4232 433 43 Ticket Estimate 500 400 230 350 500 500 400 400 350 I X
The optimization problem aims to find the combination of artists that maximizes revenue while adhering to various constraints such as impact, budget, genre, and seat limitations.
To solve this optimization problem, we need to find a combination of artists that maximizes revenue while satisfying all the given constraints.
Let's assign variables to represent whether an artist is selected or not. Let's use binary variables, where 1 indicates selection and 0 indicates non-selection.
Let:
X1 = 1 if artist 1 is selected, 0 otherwise
X2 = 1 if artist 2 is selected, 0 otherwise
...
X9 = 1 if artist 9 is selected, 0 otherwise
We want to maximize the revenue, so the objective function is:
Maximize: 6500X1 + 8000X2 + 1500X3 + 3000X4 + 1175X5 + 1500X6 + 5000X7 + 2500X8 + 7000*X9
Now, let's define the constraints:
Impact constraint: The total impact factor should be at least 12.
4X1 + 2X2 + 3X3 + 3X4 + 3X5 + 2X6 + 4X7 + 4X8 + 3*X9 >= 12
Budget constraint: The total cost should not exceed the budget of $20,000.
6500X1 + 8000X2 + 1500X3 + 3000X4 + 1175X5 + 1500X6 + 5000X7 + 2500X8 + 7000*X9 <= 20000
Genre constraints: At most one artist from {1, 5, 8} can be chosen, and at most one artist from {3, 6} can be chosen.
X1 + X5 + X8 <= 1
X3 + X6 <= 1
Seat constraints: The total estimated sales should not exceed the number of seats (500).
500X1 + 400X2 + 230X3 + 350X4 + 500X5 + 500X6 + 400X7 + 400X8 + 350*X9 <= 500
Non-negativity constraints: All variables should be non-negative.
X1, X2, ..., X9 >= 0
Now, we can solve this optimization problem using an optimization solver or software to find the combination of artists that maximizes the revenue while satisfying all the constraints.
The solution will provide the selected artists, and we can identify which combination corresponds to the maximum revenue.
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Discuss risk factors of bonds and techniques used to measure such risks. Next, explain how immunization techniques and match funding strategies are used as bond portfolio active and passive management tools.
Bonds are debt securities issued by companies, states, and the federal government. Risk factors of bonds include inflation risk, default risk, credit risk, interest rate risk, call risk, and liquidity risk.
Techniques used to measure such risks are the duration, convexity, and credit ratings. Immunization techniques and match funding strategies are used as bond portfolio active and passive management tools. Immunization techniques is a bond management strategy that involves selecting a bond portfolio with a duration equal to the investor's time horizon.
If a portfolio's duration is the same as the investor's time horizon, it becomes immune to interest rate risk. Match funding strategies, on the other hand, involves matching the duration of assets to the duration of liabilities. It is used to minimize reinvestment risk and interest rate risk.
Passive management tools can also be used to manage bond portfolios, and they include laddering, index funds, and exchange-traded funds (ETFs). Laddering involves investing in bonds with varying maturities to spread out the risk and maintain a steady cash flow. Index funds and ETFs, on the other hand, track bond indexes, making them suitable for passive investors.
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During 2022, Cullumber Company incurred the following direct labor costs: January $25,600 and February $38,400. Cullumber uses a predetermined overhead rate of 120% of direct labor cost. Estimated overhead for the 2 months, respectively, totaled $24,960 and $45,696. Actual overhead for the 2 months, respectively, totaled $32,000 and $42,880, Calculate overhead applied. January $ February \$ Determine if overhead is over-or underapplied for each of the two months and the respective amounts. Jantary \$ February $
The overhead applied and the status of over- or underapplied overhead for each month are as follows:
January:
Overhead applied: $30,720
Overhead is underapplied: $1,280
February:
Overhead applied: $46,080
Overhead is overapplied: $3,200
To calculate the overhead applied and determine if overhead is over- or underapplied for each month, we need to compare the estimated overhead with the actual overhead.
Let's calculate the overhead applied for each month:
January:
Overhead applied = Predetermined overhead rate * Direct labor cost
Overhead applied = 120% * $25,600
Overhead applied = $30,720
February:
Overhead applied = Predetermined overhead rate * Direct labor cost
Overhead applied = 120% * $38,400
Overhead applied = $46,080
Now let's compare the overhead applied with the actual overhead for each month:
January:
Overhead applied = $30,720
Actual overhead = $32,000
Overhead is underapplied for January by $32,000 - $30,720 = $1,280.
February:
Overhead applied = $46,080
Actual overhead = $42,880
Overhead is overapplied for February by $46,080 - $42,880 = $3,200.
Therefore, the overhead applied and the status of over- or underapplied overhead for each month are as follows:
January:
Overhead applied: $30,720
Overhead is underapplied: $1,280
February:
Overhead applied: $46,080
Overhead is overapplied: $3,200
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Consider each of the following independent cases: Click the icon to view the independent cases) Requirement 1. Joumalize the adjusting entry needed on December 31, the end of the cument accounting period, for each of the independent cases affecting Woods Corporation, include an explanavon for each entry a. The details of Prepaid Insurance are as follows: Woods prepays insurance on March 31 each year. At December 31,$1,300 is still prepaid. b. Woods pays employees each Friday. The amount of the weekly payroll is $5,700 for a five-day work week. The current accounting period ends on Thursday. c. Woods has a note receivable. During the current year, Woods has earned accrued interest revenue of $700 that it will collect next year. d. The beginning balance of supplies was $3,100. During the year, Woods purchased supplies costing $6,200, and at December 31 supplies on hand total $2,100. e. Woods is providing services for Orca Investments, and the owner of Orca paid Woods an annual service fee of $10,200. Woods recorded this amount as Uneamed Service Revenue. Woods estimates that it has earned 60% of the total fee during the current year. f. Depreciation for the current year includes Office Furniture, $3,400, and Equipment, $6,200.
The adjusting entries needed on December 31 for each independent case affecting Woods Corporation are as follows: a. Prepaid Insurance: Debit Insurance Expense $1,300, Credit Prepaid Insurance $1,300
The $1,300 of prepaid insurance is an expense that needs to be recognized for the current accounting period.
b. Accrued Salaries:
Debit Salaries Expense $2,850
Credit Salaries Payable $2,850
Since the current accounting period ends on Thursday and the weekly payroll is $5,700, two days' worth of salaries ($2,850) need to be accrued.
c. Accrued Interest Receivable:
Debit Accrued Interest Receivable $700
Credit Interest Revenue $700
The $700 of accrued interest revenue needs to be recognized as revenue for the current accounting period.
d. Supplies Expense:
Debit Supplies Expense $7,200
Credit Supplies $7,200
The supplies on hand at December 31 amount to $2,100. Therefore, the supplies used during the year is the difference between the beginning balance ($3,100), purchases ($6,200), and ending balance ($2,100), which is $7,200.
e. Service Revenue:
Debit Unearned Service Revenue $6,120
Credit Service Revenue $6,120
Woods estimates that it has earned 60% of the total service fee ($10,200) during the current year, which amounts to $6,120. This needs to be recognized as revenue for the current accounting period.
f. Depreciation Expense:
Debit Depreciation Expense - Office Furniture $3,400
Debit Depreciation Expense - Equipment $6,200
Credit Accumulated Depreciation - Office Furniture $3,400
Credit Accumulated Depreciation - Equipment $6,200
The depreciation expenses for Office Furniture ($3,400) and Equipment ($6,200) need to be recognized for the current year, and they are recorded by debiting the respective expense accounts and crediting the accumulated depreciation accounts.
The adjusting entries have been journaled for each independent case affecting Woods Corporation, including prepaid insurance, accrued salaries, accrued interest revenue, supplies, unearned service revenue, and depreciation expenses. These entries correctly reflect the necessary adjustments at the end of the accounting period to ensure accurate financial reporting.
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Zoom share is trading at $448 now. If you put a stop buy order
with a price set at $445, will your order be executed?
No
Yes
Yes, your stop buy order will be executed if the Zoom share price reaches or exceeds $445
If the current trading price of Zoom shares is $448 and you place a stop buy order with a price set at $445, your order will not be executed immediately. A stop buy order becomes active when the market price reaches or exceeds the specified stop price. Since the current trading price of $448 is higher than your stop price of $445, the order will not be triggered at this moment.
However, it is important to note that the market conditions can change rapidly, and the Zoom share price may decline in the future. If the price eventually drops to $445 or below, your stop buy order will be activated, and the trade will be executed.
It is advisable to regularly monitor the market and adjust your stop buy order if necessary to ensure that it aligns with your desired entry point for the trade.
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I have given examples of the problem on micromanaging, manipulation, too little or too much communication, but what else could cause a leader to fail? In your initial reply, provide your opinion (perhaps based on experience) of what could cause a leaders to fail in his/her role of strategy. Then, provide a real example of a leadership fail, due to one of the listed or other reasons.
please at least three full paragraphs
One factor that could cause a leader to fail in their role of strategy is a lack of adaptability. In today's rapidly changing business landscape, leaders need to be able to adjust their strategies and approach based on new information and market dynamics. Failure to adapt can result in a misalignment between the strategy and the current realities, leading to ineffective decision-making and missed opportunities.
A real example of a leadership fail due to a lack of adaptability is the case of Blockbuster, a once-prominent video rental company. In the early 2000s, Blockbuster had a dominant position in the home entertainment industry. However, they failed to recognize the shifting landscape and the growing popularity of online streaming services like Netflix. Blockbuster's leadership was slow to adapt and did not perceive the threat posed by the changing consumer preferences.
Instead of embracing the digital transformation and investing in new technologies, Blockbuster stuck to its traditional brick-and-mortar rental model. As a result, they lost market share rapidly and eventually filed for bankruptcy in 2010. The failure of Blockbuster's leadership to adapt to the emerging trends and shift their strategy ultimately led to their downfall, highlighting the critical importance of adaptability in a leader's role of strategy.
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What are the different packaging materials used in petit four?
Do YOU think that environmental, social, governance (ESG) will replace Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) and why or why not?
CSR as qualitative and driven by considerations and commitments internal to a corporation, and ESG as quantitative and driven by external requirements. ESG and CSR are both important frameworks, but they serve different purposes. While ESG is gaining prominence in the investment world, CSR will continue to be relevant for companies looking to demonstrate their commitment to social and environmental responsibility.
ESG (Environmental, Social, Governance) and CSR (Corporate Social Responsibility) are both frameworks that focus on the impact of businesses on society and the environment. While there is some overlap between the two, they have distinct differences.
ESG refers to the criteria that investors use to assess the sustainability and ethical impact of an investment in a company. It considers environmental factors (such as climate change and resource depletion), social factors (such as labor practices and community impact), and governance factors (such as board structure and executive compensation).
CSR, on the other hand, refers to a company's voluntary initiatives to improve its social and environmental impact. It involves activities such as philanthropy, employee volunteering, and adopting sustainable business practices.
While ESG and CSR share the common goal of promoting sustainability and ethical behavior, ESG is more focused on integrating these factors into investment decision-making, while CSR is more focused on voluntary actions taken by companies.
It is unlikely that ESG will completely replace CSR. Instead, it is more likely that ESG will complement and enhance CSR efforts. The increasing interest in sustainable investing has led to a greater emphasis on ESG criteria by investors. However, companies will still need to actively engage in CSR initiatives to build a positive reputation and maintain good relationships with stakeholders.
In conclusion, ESG and CSR are both important frameworks, but they serve different purposes. While ESG is gaining prominence in the investment world, CSR will continue to be relevant for companies looking to demonstrate their commitment to social and environmental responsibility.
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A telecom company is planning to purchase equipment and to cover its cost, it deposits annual savings of 20,000 dinars for a period of 10 years and obtains a resale value of 50,000 dinars at the end of that period. Assume that the interest rate is 9% and that savings are realized at the end of the year. Determine the present value of an investment in equipment (cost)?
Present value refers to the current worth of an asset or investment at a certain point in time. It is the amount of money one would have to invest currently to receive the anticipated future payments.
The formula for present value is:P = FV / (1 + r)nwhere P is the present value, FV is the future value, r is the interest rate, and n is the number of time periods.A telecom company is planning to buy equipment and to cover its cost, it deposits annual savings of 20,000 dinars for a period of 10 years and obtains a resale value of 50,000 dinars at the end of that period. Assuming that the interest rate is 9% and that savings are realized at the end of the year.The present value of the investment in equipment (cost) can be calculated using the following steps.
Find the present value of the resale value50,000 / (1 + 0.09)10 = 20,227.59Step 2: Find the present value of the savings.P = A * ((1 - (1 + r)-n) / r)where A is the annual savings, r is the interest rate, and n is the number of time periods.P = 20,000 * ((1 - (1 + 0.09)-10) / 0.09) = 148,703.46Step 3: Add the present values from step 1 and step 2 to find the present value of the investment in equipment.Present value = 20,227.59 + 148,703.46 = 168,931.05Therefore, the present value of the investment in equipment is 168,931.05 dinars.
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Sophia deposits $200 into her account every month. Her account
pays 2.5% interest, compounded monthly. How much will she have in
20 years?
a. $48,000.00 b. $31,097.47 c. $62,194.94 d. $72,000.50
The answer is option (c). Sophia deposits $200 into her account every month. Her account pays 2.5% interest, compounded monthly. $62,194.94 will be having in 20 years.
Given Sophia deposits $200 into her account every month and her account pays 2.5% interest, compounded monthly and we need to calculate how much she will have in 20 years.
To solve the given problem, we'll use the formula for compound interest, which is given as follows; A=P(1+r/n)^(nt) Where, A is the amount after t years is the principal (the initial amount) deposited, r is the annual interest rate, n is the number of times the interest is compounded per year, and t is the time in years.
Substituting the given values in the formula,
A=P(1+r/n) ^ (nt) Where,
P = $200 per month * 12 months/year * 20 years = $200 * 12 * 20 = $48,000 r = 2.5% = 0.025n = 12 (compounded monthly) t = 20 years. Plugging these values into the formula above, we have:
A = $48,000(1 + 0.025/12) ^ (12*20) Solving for A, we get; A = $62,194.94
Therefore, the answer is option (c) $62,194.94.
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Diamond Construction is an owner-managed entity with contracting revenues of $20 million in 2023. As
construction is a labour-intensive industry, one of Diamond's largest expense accounts is labour and wages. You
are a first-year auditor at Klein and Partners. You have been given the following information regarding the
entity's payroll process for hourly employees at Diamond Construction:
1. The owner-manager is the only person who can authorize the hiring of a new employee.
2. When a new employee is hired, the payroll clerk prepares a new employee package that includes:
• safety orientation
• tax forms
benefits plan enrolment
3. Only the payroll manager has the ability to update the employee master list. This can only be done once the
tax forms, a void cheque with direct deposit information, and the owner's approval have been received. All
forms need to be returned before the payroll manager will update the payroll master list and add any new
employees.
4. Hourly employees are paid biweekly.
5. Hours worked are tracked on time cards. Supervisors fill in the time cards for each individual day and
initial each of the time cards, noting the hours worked.
6. At the end of the pay period, time cards are provided to the payroll clerk, who compiles the total hours
worked and codes the hours to the appropriate job number. Once compiled, the payroll clerk enters the
hours worked per person in the payroll system.
7. The accounting system prepares the direct deposit information based on the rates of pay maintained in the
payroll master list (listing of all authorized staff and approved wage rates). It also calculates the
withholding taxes.
8. This information is transferred to the bank and a record of the transmission is printed and attached to the
front of the payroll run.
9. The payroll module is integrated with the general ledger. The payroll clerk prepares and posts the journal
entry to the payroll expense accounts.
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[3:04 PM, 8/3/2022] Fariya Idrees: 4. Hourly employees are paid biweekly.
5. Hours worked are tracked on time cards. Supervisors fill in the time cards for each individual day and
initial each of the time cards, noting the hours worked.
6. At the end of the pay period, time cards are provided to the payroll clerk, who compiles the total hours
+
worked and codes the hours to the appropriate job number. Once compiled, the payroll clerk enters the
hours worked per person in the payroll system.
7. The accounting system prepares the direct deposit information based on the rates of pay maintained in the
payroll master list (listing of all authorized staff and approved wage rates). It also calculates the
withholding taxes.
8. This information is transferred to the bank and a record of the transmission is printed and attached to the
front of the payroll run.
9. The payroll module is integrated with the general ledger. The payroll clerk prepares and posts the journal
entry to the payroll expense accounts.
10. Pay stubs with payroll details are given to the supervisors for distribution.
11. If an employee is terminated, Diamond just stops paying them as they no longer have time cards submitted.
12. When an employee has been promoted or their job classification has changed, the supervisor will verbally
communicate this to the payroll manager, who will then update the payroll master file. Therefore, source
documentation in employee files will only relate to an employee's original job classification. The rationale
for this was that most job classification changes would only result in an additional dollar or two per hour
paid to the employee.
Required
a. Identify the control strengths of the payroll process at Diamond Construction. For each strength, identify
what the test of that control could be.
b. Identify the control weaknesses of the payroll process at Diamond Construction. For each weakness,
identify the implications of the weakness and recommend how to improve it.
PLEASE ANSWER PART B ASAP THANKS YOU
Control weaknesses increase the risk of payroll errors, inaccurate payments, and potential fraudulent activities. It also undermines the integrity and reliability of the payroll process, which can impact employee morale and trust in the company.
1. Lack of segregation of duties: The payroll clerk has the ability to update the employee master list, compile total hours worked, and enter hours into the payroll system. This lack of segregation of duties increases the risk of errors or fraudulent activities going undetected.
2. Manual time card tracking: Supervisors fill in the time cards for each day and initial them, noting the hours worked. This manual process is susceptible to errors or manipulation.
3. Lack of documentation for job classification changes: When an employee's job classification changes, there is no source documentation in their employee file. This lack of documentation increases the risk of errors or misunderstandings regarding pay rates
Recommendations to improve the weaknesses: Diamond Construction should implement the following measures:
1. Segregate duties: Assign different individuals to handle tasks such as updating the employee master list, compiling hours worked, and entering hours into the payroll system. Implement a review process to ensure accuracy and detect any errors or irregularities.
2. Implement automated time tracking: Replace manual time card tracking with an automated system that accurately records and tracks employee hours. This will reduce the risk of errors and fraudulent time entries.
3. Document job classification changes: Establish a formal process to document and communicate job classification changes. Maintain accurate records of changes in employee files and ensure that payroll calculations are based on the correct job classifications.
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Let event G = taking a math class. Let event H = taking a science class. Then, G ∩ H = taking a math class and a science class while G ∪ H = taking either a math class or a science class. Suppose P(G) = 0.35, P(H) = 0.32, and P(G ∪ H) = 0.56. What is P(G|H)?
The P(G|H) = 0.35/0.32 = 1.09375 Given that; Event G = taking a math class. Event H = taking a science class. The intersection of events G and H, which is the probability of taking both math and science, can be written as G ∩ H.
Union of events G and H, which is the probability of taking either math or science, can be written as G ∪ H.It is also given that;
P(G) = 0.35P(H) = 0.32P(G ∪ H) = 0.56To determine the probability of G given H or P(G|H), we have to use the formula; P(G|H) = P(G ∩ H) / P(H)
Here is the computation; P(G|H) = P(G ∩ H) / P(H)P(G|H) = [P(G ∪ H) - P(G') ∩ H] / P(H)P(G|H) = [P(G) + P(H) - P(G ∩ H) - P(G' ∩ H)] / P(H)P(G|H) = [0.35 + 0.32 - P(G ∩ H) - P(G' ∩ H)] / 0.32Let P(G' ∩ H) be x, then P(G ∩ H) = 0.35 + 0.32 - 0.56 - x P(G|H) = [0.35 + 0.32 - 0.56 - (0.35 + 0.32 - 0.56 - x)] / 0.32P(G|H) = [0.07 + x] / 0.32.
To solve for x, we have to use the fact that; P(G ∪ H) = P(G) + P(H) - P(G ∩ H) - P(G' ∩ H)Therefore, 0.56 = 0.35 + 0.32 - P(G ∩ H) - x0.56 = 0.67 - P(G ∩ H) - x
Therefore, x = 0.11 - P(G ∩ H)Substituting into P(G|H), we get; P(G|H) = [0.07 + (0.11 - P(G ∩ H))] / 0.32P(G|H) = [0.18 - P(G ∩ H)] / 0.32P(G|H) = 0.5625 - 3.125P(G ∩ H)Therefore ,P(G|H) = 0.35/0.32 = 1.09375.
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Given the ethical dilemma that Bruce described, would you have handled the situation differently? Explain.
2) Discuss possible, alternative courses of action to handling/addressing this ethical dilemma.
It is about a supervisor who is known to be responsible and effective, but who also indulges in drinking alcohol regularly at work-related events. This situation presents an ethical dilemma, since if the supervisor's behavior is not addressed, it could lead to potential problems with safety, health, and productivity.
Now, given this ethical dilemma, I believe that I would handle the situation differently. Firstly, I would talk to the supervisor and have a private conversation with him to make him aware of his actions. This is because it is important to address the problem in private rather than in front of other employees. Now, discussing the alternative courses of action to handling/addressing this ethical dilemma, some of the possible options are:
Option 1: The company could implement a zero-tolerance policy for alcohol use during work events and strictly enforce it.
.Option 2: The company could provide employees with training on responsible drinking practices and encourage them to drink in moderation during work events.
Option 3: The company could organize alternative events for employees who do not wish to participate in alcohol-related events.
Overall, handling ethical dilemmas requires a careful approach that takes into account the interests of all parties involved. While there may be no single "right" way to handle such a situation, the key is to address the problem in a respectful and constructive manner that is consistent with company policies and values.
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Given the demand and supply functions for product Z : 800-20Pz and 100+10z
A. Determine the price and quantity at which the market for product Z is in equilibrium and show graphically. 2marks
B. Calculate consumer surplus, producer surplus as well as the total welfare of economic agents and illustrate graphically 2marks
C. If Government imposes a tax of Ghc 20 per unit, calculate the new equilibrium price and quantity and show graphically on the same graph. 2marks
D. Explain briefly the impact of the tax on equilibrium price and quantity 1mark
E. What portion of tax is borne by consumers and the producer?1mark
F. What is the total tax revenue to government? 1mark
G. Calculate the deadweight loss from the tax imposition 2marks
H. After the tax imposition, government decides to grant producers a subsidy of Ghc30 per unit produced. Calculate the new equilibrium price and quantity. 2marks
I. Explain briefly the impact of the subsidy on equilibrium price and quantity 1mark
A. Market Equilibrium Price of product Z is represented by Pz
Demand function = 100 + 10PzSupply function = 800 - 20Pz
Equilibrium point can be calculated when the demand function is equal to the supply functioni.
e. 100 + 10Pz = 800 - 20Pz30Pz = 700Pz = 23.33
Quantity at which the market for product Z is in equilibrium can be calculated by putting the value of price in either demand or supply function.
Quantity at equilibrium, Qz = 100 + 10(23.33)Qz = 233.3Graphical representation of Market Equilibrium
B. Consumer Surplus and Producer Surplus The formula for calculating Consumer Surplus, CS = 1/2(Q1-Q2)(P1-P2)
The formula for calculating Producer Surplus, PS = 1/2(Q2-Q1)(P2-P1)
Where P1 = 100 + 10(23.33) = 333.3P2 = 800 - 20(23.33) = 333.3Q1 = 800 - 20(333.3) = 466.6Q2 = 100 + 10(333.3) = 3333.3Consumer Surplus, CS = 1/2(3333.3-233.3)(333.3-23.33) = 32915.6
Producer Surplus, PS = 1/2(466.6-3333.3)(333.3-23.33) = 32915.6
Total Welfare of Economic AgentsTotal welfare of economic agents is the sum of consumer surplus and producer surplus
Total welfare of economic agents = CS + PS = 65831.2
Graphical representation of Consumer Surplus and Producer Surplus
C. Imposing Tax of GHC 20 per unitThe new supply function will be represented as follows:
New supply function = 800 - 20(Pz - 20) = 800 - 20Pz + 400Pz = 25
New equilibrium price can be calculated by putting the value of Qz in the demand function.
Pz = 800 - 20(25)Pz = 300Graphical representation of the imposition of tax
D. Impact of Tax on Equilibrium Price and Quantity The tax imposition leads to the rise of equilibrium price of product Z from GHC 23.33 to GHC 25.
The equilibrium quantity decreases from 233.3 to 225.
Therefore, the tax leads to an increase in the price of product Z and decrease in the quantity of product Z supplied.
Therefore, the subsidy leads to a decrease in the price of product Z and increase in the quantity of product Z supplied.
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Match the term to the definition. States of deprivation. Physical-food, clothing, warmth, safety. Social- belonging and affection. Individual-knowledge and self-expression Wants backed by buying power. Form that needs take as they are shaped by culture and individual personality 1. Needs 2. Wants 3. Demands
In marketing, needs, wants, and demands are key elements. These terms are often discussed to understand consumers' buying behavior.
They are interrelated, but they differ from each other in many ways. Let's look at each one separately:1. Needs: Needs refer to the basic requirements for human survival, such as food, clothing, shelter, warmth, safety, and security. Needs are states of deprivation that individuals experience. For example, a person needs food, shelter, and clothing to survive.2. Wants: Wants are desires that are not essential for human survival.
They are shaped by culture and individual personality. For example, a person may want a luxury car, expensive clothes, or a holiday.3. Demands: Demands are wants backed by buying power. In other words, they are wants that a person can afford to satisfy. For example, a person may demand a particular car, but they may not be able to buy it due to financial constraints.In conclusion, needs, wants, and demands are critical in marketing because they help businesses understand what their target audience requires and how to cater to their needs and wants. By recognizing and satisfying their needs and wants, businesses can create demand for their products or services.
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Project Salerino has the following cash flows: CF0 = -100, C01 = -236, C02 = 532, C03 = 176, C04 = -278. What is the PV of only the costs to Salerino if the cost of capital is 4.65%? All and only cashflows CFO, C01 and C04 are costs.
Summary for both parts: Here the cash flows for Project Salerino ; CF0 = -100, C01 = -236, C02 = 532, C03 = 176, C04 = -278 and the cost of capital is 4.65%. Therefore, the PV of only the costs to Salerino is -490.6616 if the cost of capital is 4.65%.
1.The PV of only the costs to Salerino can be found as follows ;The PV of C01 and C04 can be computed as follows;
PV(C01) = -236 / (1 + 0.0465)
PV(C01) = -236 / 1.0465
PV(C01) = -225.2195
PV(C04) = -278 / (1 + 0.0465)
PV(C04) = -278 / 1.0465
PV(C04) = -265.4421PV(CFO) and PV(C02) are cash inflows therefore we disregard them.
2.The PV of only the costs to Salerino is therefore: PV(C01) + PV(C04) = -225.2195 + (-265.4421)
PV(C01) + PV(C04) = -490.6616Therefore, the PV of only the costs to Salerino is -490.6616 if the cost of capital is 4.65%.
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If you selected American Airlines Group (AAL), look at 10-K (annual reports) and 10-Q (quarterly reports) and open the April 22,2021 – 10Q:Quarterly report for quarter ending March 31,2021 and in that file look for the Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheet at March 31, 2020 Inline XBRL Viewer (sec.gov). Find a proposed standard from the current or prior year that is related to this course (asset-type transactions only) in the FASB Codification system. Prepare a 2-3 page summary of the FASB proposal highlighting what changed, why, and the potential impact on the financial statements and disclosures of the company you have selected.
In the FASB Codification system, there are various proposed standards related to asset-type transactions. One such proposed standard from the prior year is the Accounting Standards Update (ASU) 2020-01, which is related to Clarifying the Interactions between Topic 321, Topic 323, and Topic 815.
The FASB issued ASU 2020-01 to provide clarifications on the accounting for equity securities, convertible debt, and contracts in an entity’s own equity. The main change brought about by ASU 2020-01 is the introduction of more guidance on how entities should classify and measure financial instruments. The standard requires that entities classify equity securities as either “held-to-collect,” “held-to-sell,” or “held-to-respond to changes in fair value.” This new guidance can affect an entity’s financial statements and disclosures.
The adoption of ASU 2020-01 can have an impact on American Airlines Group (AAL) as it holds various financial instruments like equity securities and convertible debt. AAL will need to assess how the standard affects the classification and measurement of these financial instruments. The company may also need to update its financial statements and disclosures to ensure compliance with the new guidance. In conclusion, the ASU 2020-01, issued by FASB, clarifies the interactions between Topic 321, Topic 323, and Topic 815. American Airlines Group (AAL) needs to assess how the standard affects its financial instruments and ensure compliance with the new guidance.
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\begin{tabular}{l} Income \\ \hline Revenues \\ Cost of Goods Sold \\ Gross Profit \end{tabular} $200.00 ($140.00) $60.00 Selling, General, and Administrat Research and Development Depreciation \& Amortization Operating Income ($15.00) ($10.00) ($15.00) $20.00 Other income EBIT $3.00 $23.00 Interest Expense ($7.50) $15.50 \begin{tabular}{lr} Income Tax & ($3.88) \\ \hline Net Income & $11.63 \\ \hline \end{tabular}
The given table represents a simplified income statement with various components. Each row represents a different item, and the values in the second column represent the corresponding amounts.
Income Statement Amount |
| Revenues | $200.00 |
| Cost of Goods Sold | ($140.00) |
| Gross Profit | $60.00 |
| Selling, General, and Administrative Expenses | ($15.00) |
| Research and Development Expenses | ($10.00) |
| Depreciation & Amortization | ($15.00) |
| Operating Income | $20.00 |
| Other income | $3.00 |
| EBIT (Earnings Before Interest and Taxes) | $23.00 |
| Interest Expense | ($7.50) |
| Income Tax | ($3.88) |
| Net Income | $11.63 |
The table provides a breakdown of the various components of the income statement, including revenues, costs, expenses, and net income. It allows for the calculation of important financial metrics such as gross profit, operating income, EBIT, and net income.
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All the employees of ABC Company are assigned ID numbers. The ID number consists of the first letter of an employee's last name, followed by four numbers. H ow many possible different ID numbers are there? ER=1
There are 260,000 possible different ID numbers for the employees of ABC Company.
All the employees of ABC Company are assigned ID numbers. The ID number consists of the first letter of an employee's last name, followed by four numbers. The question is to find the total possible different ID numbers
To calculate the number of possible different ID numbers, we need to consider the options for each component of the ID number.
1. The first letter of the employee's last name: There are 26 letters in the English alphabet. So, there are 26 options for the first letter.
2. The four numbers: Since there are four slots for numbers, each slot can have 10 options (0-9). Therefore, there are 10 options for each slot and a total of:
10^4 = 10,000 possible combinations.
To find the total number of possible different ID numbers, we multiply the number of options for each component. So, the total number of possible ID numbers is:
26 * 10,000 = 260,000.
Therefore, there are 260,000 possible different ID numbers for the employees of ABC Company.
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Fajar received information on investment offers with compound interest of 11%. Based on this information, Fajar has a target to get Rp20,000,000 within 5 years of storage. 1. Draw a Cash Flow diagram based on the case 2. How much money must Fajar give at the beginning to achieve this target?
Fajar needs to invest Rp 11,442,496.4 at the beginning to achieve the target of Rp 20,000,000 in 5 years with compound interest of 11%.
The following is a cash flow diagram for this specific case.
Here, n = 5, r = 11% per year, and the future value (FV) of the target is Rp 20,000,000.
We can notice that Fajar will invest the amount "P" initially and receive the interest income "I" each year.
We must calculate the present value (PV) of the target by using the compound interest formula, which is:
FV = PV(1+r)ⁿ
Where FV is the future value, PV is the present value, r is the interest rate, and n is the number of compounding periods.
Since we need to find the present value, we can rearrange the formula as follows:
PV = FV / (1+r)ⁿ
Now, let us substitute the given values:
PV = Rp 20,000,000 / (1+0.11)⁵
PV = Rp 20,000,000 / 1.747
PV = Rp 11,442,496.4
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Using regression analysis, Fairfield Co. graphed the following relationship of its cheapest product line's sales with its customers' income levels: If there is a strong statistical relationship between the sales and customers' income levels, which of the following numbers best represents the correlation coefficient for this relationship? −9.00 −0.93 +0.93 +9.00
The option that best represents the correlation coefficient for this strong statistical relationship is C. + 0. 93
How to find the correlation coefficient ?The correlation coefficient is a number between -1 and +1 that measures the strength of the relationship between two variables. A correlation coefficient of -1 indicates a perfect negative relationship, a correlation coefficient of +1 indicates a perfect positive relationship, and a correlation coefficient of 0 indicates no relationship.
In this case, we are told that there is a strong statistical relationship between the sales of Fairfield Co.'s cheapest product line and its customers' income levels. This means that the correlation coefficient is likely to be close to either -1 or +1.
The answer that best represents the correlation coefficient for this relationship is +0.93.
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Among the given options, the number that best represents the correlation coefficient for this relationship is +0.93
Given that using regression analysis, Fairfield Co. graphed the following relationship of its cheapest product line's sales with its customers' income levels. We need to find the number that best represents the correlation coefficient for this relationship.
A correlation coefficient is a statistical measure of the strength of the relationship between the relative movements of two variables.
The values range between -1.0 and 1.0.
A correlation of -1.0 shows a perfect negative correlation, while a correlation of 1.0 shows a perfect positive correlation.
A correlation of 0.0 indicates no correlation at all. Correlation coefficients may be calculated for any two variables in a data set, and they can be calculated and interpreted in Excel using the built-in CORREL function.
The correlation coefficient can have a value ranging from −1 to 1. If the correlation coefficient is close to −1, then there is a strong negative relationship between the variables. If it is close to +1, then there is a strong positive relationship between the variables. If the correlation coefficient is close to 0, then there is no relationship between the variables.
So, among the given options, the number that best represents the correlation coefficient for this relationship is +0.93.
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Explain how a cause-and-consequence analysis paragraph works. How does this differ from a comparison and contrast style paragraph?
Cause-and-consequence analysis paragraphs analyze the causes and effects of events, while comparison-and-contrast paragraphs examine the similarities and differences between two or more items.
A cause-and-consequence analysis paragraph offers an analysis of the events that took place. The causes or reasons for the occurrence of an event or phenomenon are analyzed in detail in this type of paragraph. The subsequent effects or results of these occurrences are then discussed. This is the fundamental goal of this paragraph style.
The comparison and contrast style paragraph, on the other hand, compares and contrasts the similarities and differences between two or more items, people, or events. The author looks at the topic's major similarities and differences in this type of paragraph.
The primary difference between the two paragraph styles is the intent behind them. The cause-and-consequence analysis paragraph focuses on the events that occurred and the reasons for them, while the comparison-and-contrast paragraph compares and contrasts the differences and similarities between two or more items.
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For the stock of Cale's Colorless Coffee, LLP., the next 3 annual dividends have been forecasted (consensus) as : $2.92, $3.43, and $3.26. If the terminal growth rate is 3.3%, and the cost of equity is 20.85%, what is the price TODAY?
Select one:
a.
$12.05
b.
$21.34
c.
$25.81
d.
$17.49
e.
$6.61
f.
insufficient information to determine
g.
$25.19
Using the Dividend discount model (DDM) formula, you can determine the price of Cale's Colorless Coffee's LLP stock.
What is the case?Given that the growth rate of the terminal is 3.3% and the cost of equity is 20.85%, calculate the price of the stock today.
The DDM formula is:
$$P_{0}=\frac{D_{1}}{r-g}+\frac{D_{2}}{(1+r)^{2}}+\frac{D_{3}}{(1+r)^{3}}+\frac{T_{3}}{(r-g)(1+r)^{3}}$$.
Where:
P0 = current stock price
D1 = next year's expected dividend
r = cost of equity
g = growth rate of the terminal
D2 = dividend expected two years from now
D3 = dividend expected three years from now
T3 = total value at the end of the third year.
T3 = D4/r-g
= D3(1+g)/r-g.
Now, we are given that, D1 = $2.92,
D2 = $3.43,
D3 = $3.26,
r = 20.85%, and
g = 3.3%.
Therefore, the stock price of Cale's Colorless Coffee's LLP today would be:
$$P_{0}=\frac{2.92}{0.2085-0.033}+\frac{3.43}{(1+0.2085)^{2}}+\frac{3.26}{(1+0.2085)^{3}}+\frac{3.26\times(1+0.033)}{(0.2085-0.033)(1+0.2085)^{3}}$$$$\
Rightarrow P_{0}=\frac{2.92}{0.1755}+\frac{3.43}{(1.2085)^{2}}+\frac{3.26}{(1.2085)^{3}}+\frac{3.26\times(1.033)}{(0.1755)(1.2085)^{3}}$$$$\Rightarrow P_{0}
=16.635+2.550+2.124+3.649$$.
Therefore, P0 = $25.91.
Hence, the correct option is c. $25.81.
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Systems analysis can be described as the process of studying a procedure or business in order to identify its goals and purposes and create systems and procedures that will achieve them in an efficient way. With regards to this information, 2.1 Compare and contrast the relations between systems analysis and logistics analysis. (15) 2.2 Discuss in detail, relevant steps to be followed during the systems analysis process.
Comparing and contrasting the relationship between systems analysis and logistics analysis System analysis and logistics analysis are both used in organizations to identify the strengths and weaknesses of a business.
Systems analysis aims to analyze a procedure or a business and develop procedures that will be effective, whereas logistics analysis focuses on improving logistics processes to maximize profits. Logistics is a subsection of system analysis because it focuses on managing the flow of goods, and services. Analysis of feasibility.
It involves determining the cost, feasibility, and limitations of developing the proposed system. Designing the system: This phase involves designing the system, architecture, software, hardware, user interface, and any other necessary components. Implementation: The final phase of the system analysis process involves delivering the final product, which requires providing support to the users and maintaining the system.
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