Answer:
The process in eukaryotes that ensures that the number of chromosomes will not double from parent to offspring when gametes fuse during fertilization is called meiosis. During meiosis, the number of chromosomes is reduced by half through a process of cell division. This process is known as meiotic division and involves two rounds of cell division. During the first round, homologous chromosomes are separated from each other and during the second round, sister chromatids are separated from each other. This ensures that each gamete only contains one copy of each chromosome, thus preventing the number of chromosomes from doubling when the two gametes fuse during fertilization.
Explanation:
1.-5. Match the description to its anatomical term.
The system for gaseous exchange in the lungs
The system for maintaining a constant internal
environment in other tissues
The membranous sac that surrounds the heart
The wall that divides the heart into two cavities
Uppermost two chambers of the heart
a. Pericardium
b. Pulmonary circuit
c. Systemic circuit
d. Atria
e. Septum
a. Pericardiumb. Pulmonary circuitc. Systemic circuitd. Atriae. Septum
1. According to the video on Energy Flow Through Ecosystems, energy flows from the sun to the __________, then to the primary __________, then to the secondary ___________, then to the ___________ consumer, and then to the apex ____________, and finally to the ___________.
2. Green plants are the only __________ that make their own food using sunlight, water, carbon dioxide through a process called _______________.
3. When the plant makes its food the carbon dioxide is changed from gas to _________ and the gas called __________is produced.
The second video which explains the food chains and food webs will help with the following exercises.
4. A food _______ shows feeding relationships between animals that are in more than one food chain.
Below are some feeding relationships between animals in a woodland:
· Worms, voles, and mice eat vegetation.
· Badgers eat worms, voles and mice.
· Shrews and badgers eat worms.
· Barn owls eat shrews, voles and mice.
5. The animals in a food web that are in the food chains above would be:____________________________________________________.
6. In a trophic __________ of a food web, the plants are in level ______ and the highest level is the ______.
7. Organisms that feed on plants and animals are called __________.
Which female reproductive disorder is characterized by abdominal pain, and excessive menstrual bleeding that can lead to permanent damage of the reproductive organs and sterility?
A. Amenorrhea
B. Endometriosis
C. Salpingitis
D. Vaginitis
Abdominal pain and heavy menstrual bleeding that can permanently harm the reproductive organs and cause sterility are two symptoms of the female reproductive disorder endometriosis.
The growth of tissue that resembles the endometrium outside the uterus constitutes endometriosis. The continuous inflammatory response it causes may cause the pelvis and other regions of the body to form scar tissue (adhesions, fibrosis). Endometriosis can lead to infertility. Infertility may come from endometriosis's potential effects on the uterus, ovaries, fallopian tubes, and pelvic cavity. There is only a weak correlation between endometrial lesion size and the intensity or duration of symptoms; some persons experience very mild symptoms despite having observably large lesions, while others experience severe symptoms despite having few lesions.
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Light from a distant star is focused by the lens onto the retina . With a pupil diameter of 3.0mm, the intensity of light falling on the retina is illustrated by the graph below . The spot illuminated on the retina is about 8micrometers in diameter. When star gazing on a very dark evening, the pupil diameter will expand to much larger than 3.0 mm.
a.With an expanded pupil diameter, what will happen to the total amount of light energy reaching the retina?
increase,decrease,or stay the same?
b. With an expanded pupil diameter, what will happen to the spread of the image on the retina?
increase,decrease,or stay the same?
c. With a decreased spread in image size, what will happen to the intensity of the central maxima?
increase,decrease,or stay the same?
With an expanded pupil diameter, the total amount of light energy reaching the retina will increase, the spread of the image on the retina will decrease, and the intensity of the central maxima will increase.
a. The total amount of light energy reaching the retina will rise with enlarged pupil diameter. The iris of the eye has an aperture called a pupil that controls how much light enters the eye.
More light can enter the eye when the pupil dilates, increasing the quantity of light energy that reaches the retina overall.
b. The spread of the image on the retina will narrow as the pupil diameter increases. The retinal image is spread out over a larger surface area as the pupil dilates, which reduces the size of the image.
c. The central maxima's intensity will rise as the spread of the image size decreases. The center maxima's intensity rises as a result of the light's greater concentration in a smaller region due to the lower image size.
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What is a point insertion and deletion mutation?
In Point insertion DNA sequence is changed by adding one or more nucleotides to the gene. In deletion DNA sequence changed by removing at least one nucleotide in a gene.
In general, a Point mutation refers to alteration in a single base pair of DNA by substitution, deletion, or insertion of a single nitrogenous base. most common example of point mutation is sickle cell anemia. that consists of mutation in a single base pair in the beta-globin chain of hemoglobin pigment in the blood cells.
While , deletion mutation generally takes place when part of a DNA molecule is not copied during DNA replication. Thus the uncopied part remains as small as a single nucleotide or as an entire chromosome.
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What organelle helps the cell maintain homeostasis?
Organelle helps the cell maintain homeostasis are Cell membrane, Mitochondria, Autophagosomes, Lysosomes
The cell's outer layer, or cell membrane, acts as a largely permeable barrier to the extracellular environment. The cell membrane is a semi-permeable barrier that only permits certain chemicals to enter the cell.
Mitochondria are the powerhouse of the cell, but they also actively contribute to homeostasis. The cytoplasmic levels of nutrients are detected by mitochondria, which are also involved in the breakdown of lipids.
By destroying and eliminating hazardous substances including outdated or damaged organelles, pathogens, protein aggregates, and storing nutrients like lipid droplets, autophagosomes contribute to homeostasis. These dangerous chemicals are delivered to lysosomes by autophagosomes. The primary recyclers within a cell are lysosomes. They export their remains outside the cell after digesting the deadly chemicals.
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When individuals experience incongruity between their genital anatomy and gender role, they experience gender
When individuals experience incongruity between their genital anatomy and gender role, they experience gender dysphoria.
When your gender is inconsistent with how you identified at birth, this is referred to as gender incongruence. Gender incongruent individuals may identify as transgender (trans) or gender varied. Some transgender people experience gender dysphoria, which is the psychological distress brought on by a discrepancy between one's assigned sex at birth and one's gender identity.
People who identify as transgender might choose to socially confirm their gender (such as by changing their name and pronouns) or legally affirm their gender in a variety of ways (such as changing the gender markers on official documents), medical affirmation (such as pubertal suppression or hormones that promote gender equality), and/or surgical affirmation (e.g., vaginoplasty, facial feminization surgery, breast augmentation, masculine chest reconstruction, etc.).
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Which of the following is NOT a way in which viruses differ from all other living things?
a. they do not grow
b. they cannot respond to environment stimuli through metabolic changes
c. they cannot self-replicate
d. they live inside host cells
Answer:
d. they live inside host cells
Which statement best describes the chemical relationship between glucose and cysteine?
(A.) Some of the carbon, oxygen, and hydrogen atoms in cysteine were once part of a glucose molecule.
(B.) All of the carbon-oxygen bonds in glucose become carbon-oxygen bonds in cysteine.
(C.) One of the oxygen atoms in glucose was transformed into a sulfur atom during the synthesis of cysteine.
Answer: Choice A
Explanation:
What happens to a cell if it accumulates too much damage?
Each subsequent cell division produces daughter cells with more accumulated damage. Eventually, all checkpoints fail and rapidly regenerating cells crowd out normal cells, leading to tumor growth.
When a cell accumulates too many changes (when its DNA is damaged and the repair machinery cannot repair it), it either stops dividing or self-destructs. It may become cancerous.
If the damage is irreparable, cells may undergo apoptosis or programmed cell death. This self-destruct mechanism ensures that damaged DNA is not passed on to daughter cells and is important in cancer prevention.
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Which feature of the kinetics of L-Alanine transport would provide evidence that DOM is an important source of nutrients under low-food conditions?
High affinity transport (Kt) of L-Alanine
-Under low food conditions, the capacity of transport is irrelevant as no transporters are saturated with L-alanine
-However, the transporter's affinity for L-alanine would be important as only HIGH AFFINITY transporters will be able to facilitate L-alanine uptake at low concentrations
High affinity transport (Kt) of L-Alanine feature of the kinetics of L-Alanine transport would provide evidence that DOM is an important source of nutrients under low-food conditions.
This biochemistry question is categorized as "Assemblies of molecules, cells, and groups of cells within single cellular and multicellular organisms" in terms of its subject matter. The answer to this issue is A because no transporters are saturated with L-alanine under low-food conditions, making the transport capacity unimportant. Only high affinity transporters would be able to assist L-alanine uptake at low concentrations, hence the transporter's affinity for L-alanine would be crucial.
Because you are expected to utilize your understanding of transport kinetics to forecast the characteristics of transport that would be significant under low L-alanine conditions, this question falls under the category of scientific reasoning and problem solving.
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Directions: Choose any river in the world. Conduct an internet search and list the following information on your river.
1. Name of river, its source (beginning of river), and outlet (where the river flows to)
2. Location of the source (state, county, country, etc.) and its watershed (flow pattern). Include states or areas the river flows through, including major cities or lakes
3. Direction the river flows, names of tributaries that join the river
4. Names of any structures that affect the river's flow (dams, levees, etc.)
5. What is the condition of the water in the river? List and describe any environmental concerns.
The river that will be explained is the Mississippi River.
Name of river: The Mississippi RiverSource: Lake Itasca, MinnesotaOutlet: Gulf of MexicoLocation of source: Itasca State Park, Clearwater County, MinnesotaDirection: Flows southTributaries: The Missouri River, the Ohio River, the Tennessee River, the Arkansas River, the Red River.What is the Mississippi River about?The Mississippi River watershed includes parts of 31 states and two Canadian provinces. It flows through states including Minnesota, Wisconsin, Iowa, Illinois, Missouri, Kentucky, Tennessee, Arkansas, Mississippi, and Louisiana. Major cities along the river include Minneapolis, St. Louis, Memphis, and New Orleans. It also flows through the Great Lakes, including Lake Superior and Lake Michigan.
The Mississippi River has been subject to water pollution from various sources, including agricultural runoff, industrial waste, and sewage. The river also suffers from high levels of nutrient pollution, which can lead to harmful algal blooms and low oxygen levels. The river also faces problems of invasive species, such as Asian carp, which have disrupted the ecosystem. The US Army Corps of Engineers has been working on the Mississippi River and Tributaries Project which is a comprehensive flood control program that aims to reduce the risk of flooding along the Mississippi River.
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what takes place in the light dependent reaction of photosynthesis
Answer:
The sunlight is converted to chemical energy.
Explanation:
Light-dependent reactions happen in the thylakoid membrane of the chloroplasts and occur in the presence of sunlight. The sunlight is converted to chemical energy during these reactions. The chlorophyll in the plants absorb sunlight and transfers to the photosystem which are responsible for photosynthesis.
A team of biologists discovers a new ecosystem with a large lake and lush vegetation surrounding it. They monitor the ecosystem for a year but record no rainfall during that time. Which statement best explains the state of the water cycle in this ecosystem? The water is gathered in lakes or flows to oceans. The water in the atmosphere forms dew, fog, or clouds. Water stays predominantly in lakes or groundwater sources. Water is frozen underground instead of flowing on the surface.
The statement that best explains the state of the water cycle in this ecosystem is: Water stays predominantly in lakes or groundwater sources.
The correct option is C.
What is an ecosystem?The entire group of organisms and the natural setting in which they live together make up an ecosystem. Through nutrient cycles and energy exchanges, these biotic and abiotic elements are interconnected. Photosynthesis is the mechanism by which energy enters the system and is absorbed into plant tissue.
Since no rainfall occurs during the year of study in the ecosystem, the water is present in lakes and underground water.
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6. Give an example to illustrate how scientists can better understand a complex system by
studying its smaller component parts.
HELP ME PLS ION UNDERSTAND THIS
An example of how scientists can better understand a complex system by studying its smaller component parts is looking at how cells work.
What are Cells?
Cells basically are the basic building blocks of all living things. They are the smallest units of life, and they make up all organisms, from single-celled bacteria to complex plants and animals. Cells are made up of many different parts, including a nucleus, mitochondria, and cytoplasm. Cells are able to reproduce, grow, and specialize to form the various tissues and organs of the body.
They are the basic building blocks of all living things, and understanding how cells work can help scientists better understand how the body and its systems work as a whole. By studying the components of cells such as proteins, DNA, and organelles, scientists can gain insight into how the complex functions of the body operate, and how diseases such as cancer may be caused or treated.
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What system works with the respiratory system to circulate blood and oxygen throughout the body
The Circulatory system works with the respiratory system to circulate blood and oxygen throughout the body.
The respiratory system is supported by the circulatory system, which carries blood to and from the lungs. The circulatory system is made up of the heart and blood arteries. The circulatory system assists in moving nutrients and oxygen from the lungs to the body's tissues and organs. Additionally, it aids in the removal of trash and carbon dioxide.
The network of organs and tissues that aids in breathing is known as the respiratory system. It consists of your blood vessels, lungs, and airways. The respiratory system also includes the muscles that propel your lungs. Together, these components help the body circulate oxygen and eliminate waste gases like carbon dioxide.
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which of the following statement(s) about biochemical pathways is(are) true?They are very well organized and structured O They convert an initial substrate via a series of steps into an end product O Terduredn O o product They are very well organized and structured. They convert ansi ostre via a series of steps into a nd product, and they can only for
Biochemical pathways are well organized and structured pathways which convert substrate into an end product by a series of steps. So the correct option is C
Biochemical pathways are also known as metabolic pathways. Glycolysis is a fundamental and key biochemical pathway with its mechanism taking place in the body of nearly all living organisms and acts as a major source of supplying energy to the body in the form adenosine triphosphates (ATP).
Different chemical reactions occuring at each step are linked together to generate an entire set of well defined mechanisms. Various reactants, products and intermediates are known as metabolites usually catalyzed by predefined enzymes in various enzymatic reactions.
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What effect would cyanide have on the electron transport chain ?
This compound acts to inhibit cytochrome C oxidase, otherwise known as Complex IV of the electron transport chain. By inhibiting this complex, cyanide effectively halts the flow of electrons through the chain.
Cyanide poisons the mitochondrial electron transport chain within cells and renders the body unable to derive energy (adenosine triphosphate—ATP) from oxygen. Specifically, it binds to the a3 portion (complex IV) of cytochrome oxidase and prevents cells from using oxygen, causing rapid death.
Cyanide inhibits cytochrome c oxidase, the terminal oxidase of the mitochondrial respiratory pathway, therefore inhibiting the cell oxygen utilization and resulting in the condition of histotoxic anoxia.
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British land snails primarily occur in two extreme phenotypes. This is an example of
a. directional selection.
b. stabilizing selection.
c. disruptive selection.
d. genetic drift.
e. mutation.
British land snails primarily occur in two extreme phenotypes. This is an example of disruptive selection, which means option C is the right answer.
British land snails are the native organisms of north west Europe. They are found in two extreme forms only because disruptive selection favors only extreme phenotypes to sustain in the changing environment, while the intermediate phenotypes are either rejected naturally by the nature or they fall prey to other large animals and so their population is very less in nature particularly their native habitat.
Disruptive selection causes extreme phenotypic population to get more easily adaptive in nature and helps them increase their population through reproduction. Thus extreme population has higher frequency than other variations present.
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Chloroplasts are a specialized structure that
convert sunlight into energy. Which cell type
requires these?
Plant or Animal
Answer:
Plant cells
Explanation:
The purpose of the chloroplast is to make sugars that feed the cell's machinery.
Answer:
Plant Cells require Chloroplasts.
Explanation:
A chloroplast is an organelle ( an organ within a cell) of a plant cell, who's main purpose is to convert energy from the Sun into chemical potential energy, otherwise known as photosynthesis.
What mechanism causes the movement of water and solutes through the filtration membrane in the nephron
Answer:
ultrafiltration
Explanation:
the water and solutes pass through the glomerulus or filtration membrane inorder to be filtered
How do vegetarians ensure proper nutrition?
Vegetarians ensure proper nutrition by adding a variety of healthy plant-based foods, such as whole fruits and vegetables, legumes and nuts, and whole grains.
Vegetarians should obtain protein from a variety of plant sources, including legumes, soy products, grains, nuts and seeds. Eat a variety of fruit and vegetables every day.
Vegetarians can ensure of having meals Based on starchy carbohydrates. They can use variety of dairy products that can include soy and other milk products which can fulfil their calcium requirement. For protein they can include beans and pulses . For fats unsaturated oils and various cheese spreads can also be included . Eating high sugar and salt should always be avoided .
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How does the immune system use carbohydrates.
Why do phospholipids tend to spontaneously orient themselves into something resembling a membrane?
Phospholipids tend to spontaneously orient themselves into something resembling a membrane because of their unique chemical structure. Phospholipids are composed of a polar, hydrophilic (water-loving) head and a nonpolar, hydrophobic (water-fearing) tail.
When phospholipids are in an aqueous environment, such as in water or in the cell, the polar heads of the phospholipids interact with the water molecules, while the nonpolar tails are repelled by the water molecules and tend to aggregate together. This creates a barrier that separates the polar heads from the nonpolar tails, which is known as a lipid bilayer.
The hydrophobic effect is the main driving force for the self-assembly of phospholipids into bilayers. The hydrophobic effect is the tendency of nonpolar molecules to aggregate together in order to minimize the number of polar interactions with the surrounding water molecules. This effect drives the phospholipids to align their hydrophobic tails together, creating a barrier that separates the hydrophilic heads from the hydrophobic tails.
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Production of chlorofluorocarbons (CFC) gas which is proposed to be banned in India, is used in which of the following domestic products?
A. Television
B. Refrigerator
C. Tube light
D. Cooking gas
Production of chlorofluorocarbons (CFC) gas which is proposed to be banned in India, is used in refrigerators.
The correct option is B
What are chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs)?Chlorofluorocarbons and hydrochlorofluorocarbons are formed as volatile derivatives of methane, ethane, and propane. They are fully or partially halogenated hydrocarbons that contain carbon, hydrogen, chlorine, and fluorine. Freon, a brand name owned by DuPont, is another frequent name for them.
They were used formerly as refrigerants in refrigerators. However, it was discovered that the ozone layer in Earth's atmosphere, which shields the planet from the sun's harmful UV rays, might be destroyed by chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs). CFCs were widely utilized as refrigerant gases and as propellants in aerosol sprays when the scientists published their findings in 1974.
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What is xylem? (1 point) tube-like structures that move water through nonvascular plants tube-like structures that move water through nonvascular plan
Xylem is a type of specialized vascular plant tissue that moves water and other substances from the roots of the plant to its leaves and other organs.
Xylem is composed of tube-like structures that transport water, minerals, and other organic compounds. Xylem is found in both vascular and nonvascular plants, but it is the primary mechanism by which water moves within the plant in nonvascular plants.
Xylem consists of two types of cells: tracheids and vessel elements. Tracheids are long, slender cells that form the walls of the xylem. They are connected end-to-end, forming a continuous tube. Vessel elements are shorter, wider cells that are arranged in a ring, creating a tube-like structure. The walls of the vessel elements are perforated, allowing water and other substances to move freely through them.
Xylem is important for the health of the plant. It is responsible for providing the plant with the water and other substances it needs to stay alive. It also helps to transport nutrients and other essential materials, such as hormones and proteins, throughout the plant. Without xylem, plants would not be able to survive.
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I need help answering 2-6!! Please !!! If someone can help me that would be great!
An enzyme that digests starch into little carbohydrate molecules is called amylase. Two places generate this enzyme. In the beginning, salivary glands in our mouth produce salivary amylase, which kickstarts digestion by dissolving starch and transforming it into maltose and smaller carbohydrates.
what is an enzyme?
Proteins called enzymes aid in accelerating our bodies' chemical reactions, or metabolism. Some compounds are created, while others are broken down. Enzymes are a part of all living things. Enzymes are created by our bodies spontaneously.
A component known as an enzyme serves as a catalyst in living things, controlling the rate at which chemical processes take place without undergoing any personal change.
Different Digestive Enzyme Types
Amylase.
Lactase.
Lipase.
Proteases.
Sucrase.
Enzymes are categorised by the sort of reaction they are employed to catalyse into six functional classes, according to the International Union of Biochemists (I U B). Hydrolases, oxidoreductases, lyases, transferases, ligases, and isomerases are the six different categories of enzymes.
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Which of the choices below is not an essential role of salts in the body?
A) anabolism of lipids
B) membrane permeability
C) secretory activity
D) neuromuscular activity
The selections below do not necessarily affect the body's need for salts in terms of membrane permeability.
Which one of the following medications plays a key role in controlling sodium ion levels in extracellular fluid?Aldosterone, a hormone made in the kidneys' adrenal cortex, promotes water and Na+ reabsorption from extracellular fluids through diffusion. One mechanism for regulating aldosterone secretion is the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone pathway.
Which one of the aforementioned helps preserve the body's fluids' acid-base balance?When dissolved in a liquid, such as blood, electrolytes, which are minerals, have an electric charge. The sodium, magnesium, chloride, and bicarbonate in the blood assist control neuron and muscle activity and keep the acid-base balance stable.
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Carbon is considered a building block of life and is very useful as a chemical because it is able to make very complicated compounds. This is because it is able to bond with up to __ other molecules.
a. one
b. two
c. three
d. four
Answer:
d. four
Explanation:
Carbon can form maximum of four bonds to other atoms due to its electronic configuration and valence electron counts).
Tropical rain forests are not good for clearing to grow crops or animals, primarily because they are low in which of the following?
a. rainfall
b. soil nutrients
c. wind
d. temperature
e. light
Tropical rain forests are not good for clearing to grow crops or animals, primarily because they are low in soil nutrients.
Tropical rainforests are those that have a climate similar to that of a tropical rainforest, meaning there is never a dry season and there is always at least 60 mm of precipitation per month on average.
The tropics include a wide range of soil types that are influenced by a number of factors, including climate, vegetation, topography, parent material, and soil age.
Although most tropical soils exhibit severe leaching and have few nutrients, some regions have productive soils. Ultisols and oxisols are two categories into which soils in tropical rainforests can be divided. Ultisols are well-weathered, acidic red clay soils that are lacking in important elements like calcium and potassium. Similar to oxisols, which are acidic, ancient, frequently reddish, severely weathered, and leached.
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