Design a portable, 1-time-use hot pack and a 1-time-use cold pack for treating injuries. The pack must have 100 g of water separated from a solid chemical and be activated only when the user does something to the pack to mix the 2 components. Your job is to determine how many grams of the chemical are required to achieve the following temperatures: hot pack, 55° C (131° F); cold pack, 3° C (37° F).


Provide a proposal that includes a visual model of your design, calculations to support your proposal, and a CER that will provide an explanation behind your design

If an electron is released during radioactive decay, the type of decay that has taken place is beta decay.

In beta decay, a neutron within the nucleus is converted into a proton, releasing an electron (also called a beta particle) in the process.

In alpha decay an alpha particle is emitted from the atomic nucleus and a new atomic nucleus is formed. So, no release of electron is there.

In gamma decay the unstable nuclei release excess energy by continuous electromagnetic process. This does not involve release of electron.

The electromagnetic decay also do not involve the release of an electron.

Thus option b is the correct answer.

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The statement "1/2 of an oxygen atom can combine with 2/3 of a hydrogen atom" is false because Atoms are the basic building blocks of matter and cannot be divided into smaller parts without breaking down the atom's structure.

An oxygen atom is composed of 8 protons, 8 neutrons, and 8 electrons, and it is not possible to divide an oxygen atom into halves. Similarly, a hydrogen atom consists of 1 proton, 1 electron, and 0 or 1 neutron, and it cannot be divided into thirds.

When atoms combine to form molecules, they do so in specific ratios determined by their chemical properties.

In the case of oxygen and hydrogen, the most common combination is two hydrogen atoms and one oxygen atom, which combine to form a water molecule ([tex]H_2O[/tex]). This is because the outer electron shells of the oxygen atom and the hydrogen atoms can interact in a way that stabilizes the resulting molecule.

Therefore the given statement is false

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To make a 1.75 M solution of Ba(NO₃)₂ with a volume of 2.50 L, you will need 1141.72 grams of the solute.

Firstly, we need to understand that Molarity (M) is defined as the number of moles of solute per liter of solution. Thus, we can use the formula:

Molarity (M) = (Number of moles of solute) / (Volume of solution in liters)

We have been given the volume of the solution (V) as 2.50 L and the Molarity (M) as 1.75 M. We need to find out the number of moles of solute (n) required to prepare this solution.

Rearranging the above formula, we get:

Number of moles of solute = Molarity × Volume of solution in liters

Substituting the given values, we get:

Number of moles of solute = 1.75 mol/L × 2.50 L = 4.375 mol

The molecular weight of Ba(NO₃)₂ can be calculated by adding the atomic weights of its constituents, which are Ba=137.33 g/mol, N=14.01 g/mol, O=16.00 g/mol. Thus, the molecular weight of Ba(NO₃)₂ comes out to be:

Molecular weight of Ba(NO₃)₂ = (137.33 g/mol) + 2 × (14.01 g/mol + 3 × 16.00 g/mol) = 261.34 g/mol

Now we can use the formula:

Mass of solute (in grams) = Number of moles of solute × Molecular weight of solute

Substituting the values, we get:

Mass of solute (in grams) = 4.375 mol × 261.34 g/mol = 1141.72 g

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Answer: C. Gas

Explanation:

A gas is a state of matter that has no definite shape or volume, and its particles are usually far apart and moving quickly in random directions.

The blanks are filled by the following;

A balanced reaction equation is a chemical equation that shows the reactants and products of a chemical reaction, and the relative amounts of each involved in the reaction.

In a balanced reaction equation, the number of atoms of each element must be the same on both sides of the equation. This is achieved by adjusting the coefficients (the numbers in front of the chemical formulas) of the reactants and products until the number of atoms of each element is equal on both sides.

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The freezing point depression (ΔTf) of a solvent is related to the molality of the solution by the equation:

ΔTf = Kf × molality

where Kf is the freezing point depression constant for the solvent.

For water, Kf is 1.86 °C/m.

(a) If the freezing point of the water solution is -9.3°C, then the freezing point depression is:

ΔTf = 0°C - (-9.3°C) = 9.3°C

Using the equation above and the value of Kf for water, we can solve for the molality of the solution:

9.3°C = 1.86 °C/m × molality

molality = 9.3°C / 1.86 °C/m = 5.00 m

Therefore, the molality of the water solution is 5.00 m.

(b) If the freezing point of the water solution is -27.9°C, then the freezing point depression is:

ΔTf = 0°C - (-27.9°C) = 27.9°C

Using the equation above and the value of Kf for water, we can solve for the molality of the solution:

27.9°C = 1.86 °C/m × molality

molality = 27.9°C / 1.86 °C/m = 15.0 m

Therefore, the molality of the water solution is 15.0 m.

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2 moles of Zn are produced when 2 moles of hydrogen react in the given reaction: [tex]Zn + 2HCl[/tex]  → [tex]ZnCl_2 + H_2[/tex]

The balanced chemical equation for the reaction between zinc (Zn) and hydrochloric acid (HCl) is:

[tex]Zn + 2HCl[/tex] → [tex]ZnCl_2 + H_2[/tex]

Therefore, if 2 moles of [tex]H_2[/tex] are produced, we can work backward to determine how many moles of Zn must have reacted.

Starting with 2 moles of [tex]H_2[/tex], we know that it must have come from the reaction of 1 mole of Zn, since the mole ratio of Zn to [tex]H_2[/tex] is 1:1. Therefore, for every 1 mole of Zn that reacts, we get 1 mole of [tex]H_2[/tex].

So, if 2 moles  [tex]H_2[/tex] are produced. Thus, the answer is 2 moles of Zn.

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In diluting the standard solutions, it is more important to use the correct volume of the HNO₃ solution for the dilution rather than the correct concentration.

The concentration of a solution is defined as the amount of solute present in a given amount of solvent. Dilution is the process of adding solvent to a solution to decrease its concentration. In order to achieve a desired concentration of the final solution, one must carefully measure the volume of solvent and the volume of the initial solution that is being diluted.

In this case, the initial solution is 0.01 M HNO₃, which means that it contains 0.01 moles of HNO₃ per liter of solution. To dilute this solution to a desired concentration, one must add a certain volume of water to the initial solution. The key factor in this dilution process is the volume of water added. The volume of the initial solution can be adjusted to compensate for any errors in its concentration, but the volume of water added is critical to achieving the desired concentration.

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Answer:

B. Combustion.

Explanation:

Looking at the given equation, we can see that methane (CH4) reacts with oxygen (O2) and releases water (H2O) and carbon dioxide (CO2). This matches the definition of a combustion reaction. Therefore, the answer is B. Combustion.

The molarity of the NaOH solution is 1.2 M.

To calculate the molarity of the NaOH solution, first determine the moles of H₂SO₄, then determine the moles of NaOH needed for neutralization, and finally, calculate the molarity of NaOH. Here's a step-by-step explanation:

1. Calculate moles of H₂SO₄: Moles = Molarity × Volume = 1.5 M × 0.040 L = 0.060 moles H₂SO₄

2. Determine moles of NaOH needed for neutralization:

The balanced equation for the reaction is H₂SO₄ + 2NaOH → Na₂SO₄ + 2H₂O. Based on the stoichiometry, 1 mole of H₂SO₄ reacts with 2 moles of NaOH, so 0.060 moles H₂SO₄ × 2 = 0.120 moles NaOH needed.

3. Calculate molarity of NaOH: Molarity = Moles / Volume = 0.120 moles NaOH / 0.025 L = 1.2 M NaOH solution.

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Answer:

A chemical formula tells us the number of atoms of each element in a compound.

Explanation:

Explanation:

formula shows

The theoretical yield of aluminum fluoride (AlF₃) obtained from 0.45 mol of aluminum (Al) is 0.45 mol.

The balanced chemical equation for the reaction between aluminum (Al) and fluorine (F₂) to form aluminum fluoride (AlF₃) is:

2 Al + 3 F₂ → 2 AlF₃

According to the equation, 2 moles of aluminum react with 3 moles of fluorine to produce 2 moles of aluminum fluoride. Therefore, the stoichiometric ratio of aluminum to aluminum fluoride is 2:2 or 1:1.

Given that 0.45 mol of aluminum is used in the reaction, the theoretical yield of aluminum fluoride can be calculated as follows:

0.45 mol Al × (2 mol AlF₃ ÷ 2 mol Al) = 0.45 mol AlF₃

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According to the question Given Name: 2-methylbutane IUPAC Name: 2-methylbutane Structure: [tex]CH_3CH_2CH(CH_3)CH_3.[/tex]

Structure is the arrangement or organization of parts or elements in a material, system, or entity. It is essential in understanding how something is composed and how it functions. Examples of structures include the skeletal system of the human body, the structure of a computer program, the structure of a book, or the structure of a business. Structures can be physical or abstract, and are usually determined by the purpose of the material, system, or entity. For example, a bridge is a physical structure designed to support the movement of people, goods, and vehicles across a body of water. A book is an example of an abstract structure, with a specific beginning, middle, and end. The structure of a business might include the organizational hierarchy, the roles and responsibilities of each employee, and the different departments. Knowing the structure of something can help people understand how it works and how to interact with it.

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Answer: 652.8 g of iron (III) oxide produced.

Explanation:

To calculate the amount of iron (III) oxide produced, we use the enthalpy change of the reaction to determine the amount of energy released and convert it to moles of Fe2O3 produced. Then, we multiply by the molar mass of Fe2O3 to obtain the mass of Fe2O3 produced. Using these calculations, we get 652.8 g of iron (III) oxide produced.

580.84 grams of iron (III) oxide will be produced when 4300 kJ of heat energy is released.

Given:

Enthalpy change (∆H) value: ∆H = -1652 kJ

Amount of heat energy released: 4300 kJ

From the balanced equation:

4Fe + 3O₂ → 2 Fe₂O₃

The molar ratio between Fe₂O₃ and ∆H is 2:1652 kJ.

To find the molar amount of Fe₂O₃ produced, the following calculation:

[tex]4300 \times \frac{2}{1652}[/tex] = 5.20 mol Fe₂O₃

To convert this into grams, it is required to multiply the molar amount by the molar mass of Fe₂O₃:

5.20  × 2  × 55.85 = 580.84 g

Therefore, 580.84 grams of iron (III) oxide will be produced when 4300 kJ of heat energy is released.

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The reaction that undergoes a condensation reaction to produce CH₃CH₂OCH₂CH₃ is the reaction is involving 2CH₃CH₂OH  which is Option D.

The reason behind this is that the reaction between these two compounds is an example of a nucleophilic substitution reaction which includes the replacement or taking over of a leaving group (in this case Br) by a nucleophile (in this case OH) . The reaction projects van SN2 reaction mechanism.

SN2 reaction mechanism refers to the  type of reaction mechanism that is very common in organic chemistry. Inside this mechanism, one bond is broken and dismantled and one bond is formed in a concerted way.

The SN2 reaction mechanism includes the nucleophilic substitution reaction of the leaving group (which generally consists of halide groups or other electron-withdrawing groups) with a nucleophile in a given organic compound .

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The phases of the moon are a result of the relative positions of the sun, the earth, and the moon. Option A is correct.

As the moon orbits around the earth, the amount of sunlight that reflects off its surface changes, causing the different phases. When the moon is between the sun and the earth, we see a new moon. When the earth is between the sun and the moon, we see a full moon. When the moon is at a right angle to the earth and the sun, we see a quarter moon.

The size of the moon has no effect on the phases, as it appears to be the same size regardless of the phase. The number of craters on the moon is also unrelated to the phases. Therefore, Student A's explanation is the most accurate and supported by scientific evidence.  Option A is correct.

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D) The sentence that best paraphrases the information about river otters is: "Otters are talented at constructing slides. These help them move through their environment with ease as they hunt for small sea life to eat."

River otters aresemi-aquatic mammals that are generally  set up in gutters, aqueducts, and other aqueducts. One of the most outstanding characteristics of these  creatures is their habit of  erecting slides. Otters  make slides by creating a path of  slush or snow on a steep  pitch leading to the water.

This helps them to move through their  terrain with ease and quest for small  ocean life,  similar as crayfish and small amphibians, which are their primary sources of food.   Otters are known for their  sportful nature and can  frequently be seen sliding down their constructed slides  constantly,  putatively just for the fun of it. still, these slides serve a practical purpose as well. By  erecting their own slides, otters can avoid rocky or  else dangerous areas of the swash bank and safely  pierce the water.

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The equilibrium concentration of Ag⁺ in the solution is 0.00200 M.

To solve this problem, we can use the equation for the reaction between silver nitrate (AgNO₃) and sodium iodate (NaIO₃), which is:

AgNO₃ + NaIO₃ -> AgIO₃ + NaNO₃

We know the initial concentrations of the two solutions: 0.00200 M for the AgNO₃ and 0.01 M for the NaIO₃. When they are mixed together, they will react to form a new equilibrium concentration of silver ions (Ag⁺).

To find the equilibrium concentration of Ag⁺, we need to use the stoichiometry of the reaction and the equilibrium constant (K) for the reaction. The balanced equation tells us that one mole of AgNO₃ reacts with one mole of NaIO₃ to form one mole of AgIO₃. Therefore, at equilibrium, the concentration of Ag⁺ will be equal to the initial concentration of AgNO₃ minus the amount that reacted to form AgIO₃:

[Ag⁺] = [AgNO₃] - [AgIO₃]

We can use the equilibrium constant expression for the reaction to find the concentration of AgIO₃:

K = [AgIO₃]/([AgNO₃][NaIO₃])

At equilibrium, this expression will equal the equilibrium constant for the reaction, which is given as 1.8 x 10^-12. We can rearrange this expression to solve for [AgIO₃]:

[AgIO₃] = K[AgNO₃][NaIO₃]

Substituting the initial concentrations and the value of K, we get:

[AgIO₃] = (1.8 x 10^-12)(0.00200 M)(0.01 M) = 3.6 x 10^-17 M

Now we can plug this value into the equation for [Ag⁺] to find the equilibrium concentration of silver ions:

[Ag⁺] = [AgNO₃] - [AgIO₃] = 0.00200 M - 3.6 x 10^-17 M = 0.00200 M (to three significant figures)

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The atomic mass of aluminum (Al) is approximately 26.98 amu. Therefore, the mass of one Al atom is 26.98 amu.

To calculate the mass of 75 Al atoms, we can multiply the mass of one Al atom by 75:

Mass of 75 Al atoms = 75 atoms x 26.98 amu/atom

Mass of 75 Al atoms = 2024.5 amu

Therefore, the mass of 75 Al atoms is 2024.5 amu.

The material has decayed to 37.2% of the original amount after 90 days (with an additional 45 days after decaying 55.1%).

The amount of radioactive material remaining after time t can be calculated using the formula:

[tex]N(t) = N0 * (1/2)^(t/T)[/tex]

where N0 is the initial amount, t is the time elapsed, and T is the half-life of the radioactive material.

In this problem, the initial amount of radioactive material has decayed by 55.1% after 45 days. This means that:

[tex]N(45) = N0 * (1 - 0.551) = 0.449 * N0[/tex]

After an additional 45 days, the total time elapsed is now 90 days. We can use the same formula to calculate the amount of radioactive material remaining after 90 days:

[tex]N(90) = N0 * (1/2)^(90/T)[/tex]

We can then use the two equations to solve for the percentage of the original amount that has decayed after 90 days:

[tex]N(90) = 0.449 * N0 * (1/2)^(90/T)0.449 = (1/2)^(45/T)[/tex]

Taking the natural logarithm of both sides:

[tex]ln(0.449) = ln(1/2)^(45/T)[/tex]

ln(0.449) = -(45/T) * ln(2)

T = -(45/ln(2)) * ln(0.449) = 86.5 days (to the nearest tenth)

Now that we know the half-life of the material, we can use the original formula to calculate the amount of material remaining after 90 days:

[tex]N(90) = N0 * (1/2)^(90/86.5) = 0.372 * N0[/tex]

Therefore, the material has decayed to 37.2% of the original amount after 90 days (with an additional 45 days after decaying 55.1%).

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There has been extensive research on how learning works across many different academic fields.

Thus,  Basic studies of the brain mechanisms underlying learning in humans and other species have traditionally been conducted in the fields of neurology and biology and learning.

Studies of how the human mind "computes," creating and applying knowledge, have typically been conducted in the fields of cognitive science and psychology and academic fields.

Studies of how machines (such as computers and robots) learn have typically been conducted in the fields of computer science and other branches of engineering; and studies of how learning occurs in the learning.

Thus, There has been extensive research on how learning works across many different academic fields.

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Electrons are being shared between nitrogen and hydrogen is the correct statement. Hence option D is correct.

A sort of chemical link known as a covalent bond is created when two atoms share electrons. The electrons that both atoms share are held in a stable balance by a force exerted by both atoms in a covalent link.

Although there are some exceptions, covalent bonds, which are the not as strong as the ionic bonds, are typically created between nonmetal atoms. The ionic bonds are quite stronger than they are.

New bonds for ammonia are created as a result of the reaction between two nitrogen molecules and one hydrogen molecule. Heat energy is released to the environment during this process. This reaction is exothermic as a result.

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The complete question is

The reaction between Hydrogen and Nitrogen is illustrated in the image. Which

statement about this reaction is correct?

N₂ + 3H₂ → 2NH₂

a) The nucleus of nitrogen is being split to be able to form bonds with hydrogen.

b) The nucleus of nitrogen is being fused with hydrogen to form a new compound.

c) Protons are being transferred between nitrogen and hydrogen.

d) Electrons are being shared between nitrogen and hydrogen.

In terms of political history, some states in the United States have longer and richer histories than others. The states with the longest political histories are those that were among the original thirteen colonies that declared independence from Great Britain in 1776.

These states have a political history that dates back to the colonial period, during which time they were governed by British colonial authorities. Many of these states played a key role in the American Revolution and the founding of the United States.

For example, Massachusetts was the site of the Boston Tea Party and the birthplace of the American Revolution, while Virginia was home to many of the country's founding fathers, including George Washington and Thomas Jefferson.
Other states with notable political histories include California, Texas, and Illinois.

California played a key role in the Civil Rights Movement and the counterculture movement of the 1960s, while Texas was the site of the famous battle of the Alamo and played a key role in the development of the oil industry. Illinois was home to Abraham Lincoln, one of the most important political figures in United States history.

In conclusion, the states with the longest political histories are those that were among the original thirteen colonies, but other states such as California, Texas, and Illinois have also made significant contributions to the political history of the United States.

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The mechanism for the E1 elimination reaction of 2-methylcyclohexanol with phosphoric acid is Protonation of the alcohol group by phosphoric acid.

Protonation is the process of adding a proton (hydrogen ion) to a molecule or atom. The process is also known as hydrogenation or hydrideation. It occurs when a molecule or atom gains a proton, which imparts a positive charge on the molecule or atom.

The mechanism for the E1 elimination reaction of 2-methylcyclohexanol with phosphoric acid is as follows:

Step 1: Protonation of the alcohol group by phosphoric acid.

Phosphoric acid (H₃PO₄) donates a proton to the OH group of 2-methylcyclohexanol, forming an oxonium ion (H₃O⁺). Electron flow is shown in the following diagram:

[tex]O-H + H_3PO4 \rightarrow H_3O^+ + PO_4^3-[/tex]

Step 2: Deprotonation by a base.

The oxonium ion (H3O+) is then deprotonated by a base (e.g. a strong base such as NaOH). Electron flow is shown in the following diagram:

[tex]H_3O^+ + B^- \rightarrow H_2O + BH^+[/tex]

Step 3: Rearrangement of the molecule.

The deprotonated molecule rearranges to form a more stable carbocation intermediate. Electron flow is shown in the following diagram:

[tex]BH^+ \rightarrow B^+ + H^-[/tex]

Step 4: Nucleophilic attack by the alcohol group.

The carbocation intermediate is attacked by the OH group of 2-methylcyclohexanol, forming a new carbon-oxygen bond. Electron flow is shown in the following diagram:

[tex]C^+ + OH- \rightarrow C-O + H^+[/tex]

Step 5: Loss of a proton.

The molecule then loses a proton, forming the product of the reaction. Electron flow is shown in the following diagram:

[tex]C-O + H^+ \rightarrow C=O + H_2O[/tex]

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A bullet recoiling after it is fired

The required mass of argon gas to completely fill a 20.4 L container to an atmospheric pressure of 1.09 atm at 25°C is 37.0 g.

The Volume of the container = 20.4 L

Temperature =  25 degrees

Pressure  = 1. 09 atm

To calculate the mass of the Argon gas, we need to use the ideal gas law equation.

PV = nRT

n = PV/RT

Assuming universal gas constant R=  0.0821 L·atm/(mol·K).

Converting temperature degrees to Kelvin scale

T = 25°C + 273.15 = 298.15 K

Substituting the above values, we get:

n = (1.09 atm)*(20.4 L)/(0.0821 L·atm/mol·K)*(298.15 K)

n = 0.926 mol

The molar mass of argon = 39.95 g/mol,

The mass of argon needed to serve the container is:

0.926 mol × 39.95 g/mol = 37.0 g

Therefore,  we can infer that the mass of argon gas required is 37.0 g.

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It is the compound that acts to fulfill the function of the said product.

the statement is true.

A chemical compound is  described as a chemical substance composed of many identical molecules containing atoms from more than one chemical A

A product may be made up of one or more compounds that work together to fulfill any desired  function.

The key difference between  a chemical compound and solution is that a compound contains two or more elements that are chemically bound together whereas a solution has few substances that do not chemically bound together as compounds do.

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The total number of moles of gas present in the three 3.0 L sealed flasks containing helium, argon, and xenon respectively, if each flask is at a pressure of 878 mmHg, is 0.447 mol.

To calculate the total number of moles of gas present in the three flasks, we can use the ideal gas law:

PV = nRT

First, we need to convert pressure from millimeters of mercury to atmospheres.

1 atm = 760 mmHg

878 mmHg = 1.153 atm

We can calculate number of moles of gas:

For the helium flask:

[tex]n(He) = (1.153 atm) * (3.0 L) / [(0.08206 L.atm/K.mol) * (273.15 K)] \\n(He) = 0.149 mol[/tex]

For the argon flask:

[tex]n(Ar) = (1.153 atm) *(3.0 L) / [(0.08206 L.atm/K.mol) * (273.15 K)] \\n(Ar) = 0.149 mol[/tex]

For the xenon flask:

[tex]n(Xe) = (1.153 atm) * (3.0 L) / [(0.08206 L.atm/K.mol) * (273.15 K)] \\n(Xe) = 0.149 mol[/tex]

Finally, we can add up the number of moles of gas in each flask to find  total number of moles of gas:

[tex]n(total) = n(He) + n(Ar) + n(Xe) \\n(total) = 0.149 mol + 0.149 mol + 0.149 mol \\n(total) = 0.447 mol[/tex]

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--The complete Question is, What is the total number of moles of gas present in the three 3.0 L sealed flasks containing helium (He), argon (Ar), and xenon (Xe) respectively if each flask is at a pressure of 878 mmHg?--

Answer:

0.25g

Explanation:

Dimensional analysis.

Assuming the reaction is taking place at standard temperature and pressure (STP, 1 atm at 298.15K or 25 C), 1 mol of gas occupies 22.4L.

We are given the volume of the gas, with this we are able to find its number of moles.

125mL = 0.125L

[tex]0.125 L * \frac{1 mol}{22.4 L}[/tex]

= 0.0056mol

With the number of moles we can simply multiply by the molecules molar mass.

CO2 = 12.011 g/mol+ 2*15.999 g/mol

CO2 = 44.009g / mol

[tex]44.009 \frac{g CO2}{mol} * 0.0056mol CO2\\\\=0.25 g CO2[/tex]

The volume of the balloon after the addition of the extra gas is 101.8 L.

The volume of the balloon after the addition of the extra gas can be calculated using the combined gas law, which relates the initial and final conditions of pressure, volume, and temperature of a gas. We need to convert the number of moles of argon to its corresponding volume using the ideal gas law, PV = nRT, where P is the pressure, V is the volume, n is the number of moles, R is the ideal gas constant, and T is the temperature in Kelvin.

For the initial conditions, we have:

P1V1 = n1RT1

(assume the temperature is constant)

V1 = n1RT1/P1

V1 = (2.51 mol)(0.08206 L atm mol⁻¹ K⁻¹)(273 K)/(1 atm)

V1 = 55.0 L

For the final conditions, we have:

P2V2 = n2RT2

(assume the temperature is constant and the pressure is 1 atm)

V2 = n2RT2/P2

V2 = (2.51 mol + 3.13 mol)(0.08206 L atm mol⁻¹ K⁻¹)(273 K)/(1 atm)

V2 = 101.8 L

As a result, the capacity of the balloon after adding the extra gas is 101.8 L.

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