Primary lung cancer is a type of cancer that starts in the lungs. Secondary lung cancer is cancer that spreads from another part of the body to the lungs. Primary lung cancer is the topic of this page. Primary lung cancer comes in two main types.
These are categorized according to the kind of cells in which the cancer first appears. These are: Non-small-cell lung cancer is the most prevalent type, affecting between [tex]80[/tex] and [tex]85[/tex] of every [tex]100[/tex] cases. There are three possible varieties: adenocarcinoma, squamous cell carcinoma, or large-cell carcinoma. Lung cancer with small cells is less common and typically spreads more quickly than non-small-cell lung cancer.
The recommended treatments are determined by the type of lung cancer you have. Older people are more likely to get lung cancer. It rarely happens to people under [tex]40[/tex]. In the UK, over [tex]4[/tex] out of [tex]10[/tex] people diagnosed with lung cancer are over [tex]75[/tex].
Lung cancer can occur in people who have never smoked, but smoking is the leading cause, accounting for more than [tex]70%[/tex][tex]%[/tex] percentage of all cases. This is due to the fact that smoking regularly results in the inhalation of numerous toxic substances.
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How are traits passed from generation to generation? Explain how dominant and recessive alleles interact to determine the expression of traits.
Answer:
Genes come in different varieties, called alleles. Somatic cells contain two alleles for every gene, with one allele provided by each parent of an organism. ... However, an allele that is hidden, or not expressed by an organism, can still be passed on to that organism's offspring and expressed in a later generation.
The traits are passed from generation to generation through genes. The process is called heredity.
What is the passing of traits?Heredity refers to the specific ways by which features or traits are passed down through generations via genes. Genes contain the instructions for producing certain proteins, which are responsible for an individual's unique characteristics.
Alleles are distinct variations of genes. Somatic cells contain two alleles for each gene, one from each parent of an organism.
An allele that is hidden or not expressed by an organism, on the other hand, can be passed on to that organism's descendants and expressed in a subsequent generation.
Therefore, traits are passed down from generation to generation via genes. The process is known as heredity.
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An investigator wishes to use animals in an experiment that involves category B, C, and D activities performed on the same animal. How should the animal be categorized?A. Categories B, C, and D. B. Category B. C. Category C. D. Category D
When doing activities that fall under USDA pain categories B, C, or D on the same animal, the animals utilized in the experiment should be placed in USDA category D.
The level of pain that an animal employed in testing and research may experience is categorized using the USDA pain categories. These are the categories:
USDA B: The animal won't experience any type of suffering.
USDA C: The animal may experience sporadic little pain.
USDA D: Excruciating processes that medication will lessen.
USDA E: Excruciating processes that cannot be eased.
According to Category B, the animal won't experience pain. These animals are frequently utilized for breeding, which is a natural procedure that doesn't harm the animals.
In contrast to animals in category E, animals in category D undergo unpleasant or stressful operations and are given anaesthetics and other pharmacological agents to lessen or totally relieve the discomfort.
There is a rigid rule for these categories. Because the experiment will include USDA B, C, and D procedures, the animals must be classified according to the USDA category that will involve the most painful technique.
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I need the answer asap
Answer: lysosome
Explanation: Tay sach's disease impairs the functions of the lysosomal enzymes and causes the build up of GM2 ganglioside.
Tay sach's disease can also be called lysosomal disease due to the impairment it the lysosomal enzymes.
Is a bicameral legislature made up of four bodies?
A bicameral system describes a government that has a two-house legislative system, such as the House of Representatives and the Senate.
A bicameral legislature is a type of legislature that is composed of two independent legislatures, chambers, or houses. Unicameralism, in which all members discuss and vote as a single body, is distinct from bicameralism. By 2022, only around 60% of national legislatures will be unicameral, compared to about 40% of bicameral legislatures.
The techniques used to elect or choose the members of the two chambers sometimes varied from jurisdiction to jurisdiction. This frequently results in the membership of the two chambers being significantly different.
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Owls Are Being Tort ured, Kil led at Johns Hopkins for ADHD ‘Research’
Please spread this! This is ANIMAL AB USE. not "research." Please spread the message!
This is not a question.
in a controlled experiment, which group expericences the test
answer: In a controlled experiment, the study population is often divided into two groups. One group receives a change in a certain variable, while the other group receives a standard environment and conditions. This group is referred to as the control group, and allows for comparison with the other group, known as the experimental group.
Explanation:
How do vegetarians get protein without meat?
Vegetarians and vegans who want to gain all the essential amino acids can combine two or more plant proteins.
In order to meet their daily requirements of essential amino acids, vegetarians can eat a variety of meals. Excellent sources of those amino acids are grains, peanut butter, legumes, almonds, pumpkin seeds, and legumes. The amino acids needed by the body include tryptophan, histidine, isoleucine, lysine, leucine, methionine, threonine, valine, and phenylalanine. One food that has all of these amino acids is quinoa. For those who don't consume meat, fish, or dairy items, pulses are crucial. Eggs and meat substitutes such as tofu, textured vegetable protein, Quorn, and mycoprotein are other non-dairy sources of protein. To receive their protein, vegetarians should eat plant-based foods such grains, nuts, seeds, legumes, and soy products. Eggs and dairy products are good sources of protein for lacto-ovo-vegetarians.
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For both groups of plants, what BEST describes the relationship between light intensity and rate of photosynthesis?
A. The rate of photosynthesis increases with light intensity, and might be limited by other factors such as water and temperature.
B. The rate of photosynthesis increases with light intensity, and it increases without limit.
C. The rate of photosynthesis is independent of light intensity, but may be limited by other factors such as water and temperature.
D. The rate of photosynthesis is at a maximum over a narrow range of light intensities.
Answer:
a
Explanation:
the rate of photosynthesis increases with light intensity
Which of the following is the best example of a mechanistic understanding of a function?
a. We are self-aware so that we can recognize ourselves and distinguish ourselves from others.
b. The kidneys produce urine so that waste products, such as uric acid, do not build up in the blood.
c. Skeletal muscle cells contract when myosin heads attach to actin filaments and rotate, producing force.
d. Bones are strong so that they can support our body weight and protect delicate organs.
Myosin heads bind to actin and myosin and spin to produce force in the contraction of skeletal muscle cells. an illustration of how a function is understood mechanistically.
And what were the four skeleton types?The body's framework is the skeleton. It helps give us form and serves as the base for other structures to attach to. The 206 bones that make up the skeleton may be divided into four groups: flat, long, short, and irregular.
What makes bone health important?Bones are used by the body for a variety of functions, including as anchoring muscles, protecting organs, and creating structure. While it's important for children and adolescents to have strong, stable bones, there are things adults can do to preserve bone health.
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PLEASE HELP!!! Iodine 131 has a half-life of about 8 days. How long will it take for the radiation of the isotope to go from 100 g to 12.5 g?
Answer:
After four half lives or 32 years, only 12.5 grams will be left.
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-how does hyperventilation decrease the respiratory rate
Hyperventilation decreases the respiratory rate by decreasing the levels of carbon dioxide in the blood, which leads to a decrease in the drive to breathe.
What is respiratory rate?The number of breaths you take each minute is referred to as your respiratory rate. Adults typically breathe 12 to 20 times per minute while at rest. When resting, an abnormal respiration rate is one that is less than 12 or greater than 25 breaths per minute.
Hyperventilation leads to a decrease in the drive to breathe. This is because the primary stimulus for breathing is the buildup of carbon dioxide in the body. When carbon dioxide levels drop, the body's natural drive to breathe also decreases, resulting in a slower respiratory rate.
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The graph below shows the English sparrow population in an area over several years. In 1988, a
large shopping mall was built in the area where the sparrows lived.
According to the information in the graph, how did this affect the sparrow population over a period
of time?
a. The population increased because humans fed the sparrows.
b. The sparrow population was unaffected by the shopping mall.
c. The population increased because predators were removed.
d. The sparrow population decreased because of habitat destruction.
Answer: d. The sparrow population decreased because of habitat destruction.
Explanation:
You included no graph but this should be the correct answer.
Habitat loss is one of the leading ways that an animal can go extinct. This happens because the animal has to go to other habitats which might be too dangerous or they eat less because food is not as available as it was in the previous habitat. Habitat loss therefore reduces the population of animals.
This will be no different for the sparrow population here. The large shopping mall has taken the land of the sparrow and now the sparrows will see their numbers decline as time goes on due to a lack of habitat.
As countries run out of their own fossil fuel reserves, they will have to purchase and export fossil fuels from other countries. Why is this an unlikely scenario?
O Countries that need more fuel don't export it.
O Countries don't need to purchase fossil fuels
O Countries will not run out of fossil fuels.
O Countries don't export fossil fuels.
Countries don't export fossil fuels. This is an unlikely scenario because most countries use their own fossil fuel reserves rather than exporting them.
What is fossil fuels?Fossil fuels are organic substances sourced from ancient remains of plants and animals that have been transformed over millions of years by the process of heat and pressure. Common examples are coal, oil, and natural gas, which are primarily used to generate electricity, heat homes, and power vehicles. Fossil fuels are non-renewable and are a finite resource, meaning they will eventually be depleted. Burning fossil fuels also releases large amounts of greenhouse gases into the atmosphere, contributing to climate change. As a result, many countries are working to reduce their reliance on fossil fuels and transition to renewable energy sources such as solar, wind, and hydropower.
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When an endospore germinates, it gives rise to two daughter cells called vegetative cells.
true/false
When an endospore germinates, it creates two daughter cells that are referred to as vegetative cells. Members of the genera Streptomyces are essential to the environment because of their capacity to break down a range of chemicals.
What does "germination" actually mean?Germination is the action of seeds developing into new plants. First, the environment must support the seeds growing into new things. Usually, factors like the seed's depth, the water's accessibility, and the temperature all affect this.
What really is seed germination in biology?An embryonic axis (usually the radicle) emerges from the seed coat at the end of a series of events that begin with hydration and constitute the process of seed germination.
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What would be the immediate consequence if a neurons sodium-potassium pump was disrupted?
Answer:
Option A.
Explanation:
The sodium pump in the neuron is electrogenic,there are three Na+ from every K+ that enter the cell . If there is a blockage to all sodium pump activity in a cell, there would be an instant change in the membrane potential which will not allow the action potential to take place because a hyperpolarizing current was removed, which means that the membrane potential becomes less negative. Therefore the electrogenic contribution of the sodium pump to the membrane potential will be small which lead to small depolarization.
Why does an individual have the number of alleles for a trait they do? In other words, where do the alleles come from
Answer:
- An individual has two set of alleles for each trait because humans are diploid (two set of chromosomes).
Explanation:
Humans are DIPLOID in nature, meaning that they have two sets of each chromosome. Chromosomes contains genes, which come in different forms or versions called ALLELES. Since there are a pair of each chromosome, then there are two genes per chromosome. Hence, two possible forms of genes (alleles) can exist for each gene. That is, every gene will have two copies.
The alleles of each gene on a chromosome comes from each of the parents of an individual. For example, a human contains 23 pairs of chromosomes. Each pair of chromosome comes from the father and mother.
Answer:
Explanation:
It is important to note that alleles can be dominant, recessive, or codominant to each other, leading to variations we see in different organisms and traits. For example, how we can differentiate people by their eye color, blood group, hair color, all show that an allele is a specific form of a gene.
An individual has the number of alleles for a trait they do because each cell needs only certain genes to be active or activated in order to function genetically and since gene influence the way cells functions, so for each trait, there are two alleles per gene making an individual having two identical alleles of a particular gene or genes when the two alleles are the same. While having two different alleles of a particular gene or genes, when the two alleles are different. This is so important as the alleles affect the expression (phenotype) of a particular trait.
Determine which of the following sequences and structures represent part of mature eukaryotic mRNA.
- termination sequence
- 5'-UTR
- poly-A tail
- 3'-UTR
- start codon
- intron
- 5'-cap
- AAUAAA
- stop codon
- promoter
A portion of mature eukaryotic mRNA is represented by the sequences and structures of the stop codon poly-A tails 3'-UTR start codon 5'-UTR and AAUAAA.
What characterizes a eukaryotic?Eukaryote refers to any species or organism that possesses a unique nucleus. A nuclear membrane encircles the nuclear of a multicellular organism, which is home to the distinct chromosomal structures that store the genetic material.
Do eukaryotes possess DNA?In eukaryotic chromosomes, DNA is tightly wound around protein aggregates called histones. Genetic material is often far less abundant in prokaryotic cells than eukaryotic ones. Each human cell contains about 2m, or 3 million base pairs, of DNA, which must be compressed to fit on the inside of the nucleus. Eukaryotic cells include three distinct nuclear RNA polymerases, each of which transcribes a distinct class of genes.
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What is the sin of sex before marriage called?
The sin of sexual activity before marriage is often referred to as "fornication."
This term is used in many religious traditions, including Christianity and Islam, to refer to sexual activity between two individuals who are not married to each other.
Some other traditions may use different terms to describe this behavior, such as "premarital sex" or "adultery." It's worth noting that the concept of what constitutes a sin or immoral behavior around sexuality and sexual behavior can vary greatly across different religious and cultural traditions and belief systems.
It is important to note that this concept is based on religious and moral beliefs, and some people may have different views on it.
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What effect do glass panels have on the infrared photons ?
Answer: The glass pane absorbs and re-radiates all of the infrared photons. The glass pane absorbs all invisible photons as well as visible photons. The glass pane transmits all invisible photons as well as visible photons.
What is the name for all the neurons in the central nervous system?
A. Axon neurons
B. Interneurons
C. Sensory neurons
D. Motor neurons
Answer:
B. Interneurons
Explanation:
The basic unit of the central nervous system is the neuron or the nerve cells. Billions of neurons allow the different parts of the body to communicate with each other via the brain and the spinal cord. A fatty material called myelin coats nerve cells to insulate them and to allow nerves to communicate quickly.
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Which cross section best shows the formation of sedimentary rock?
Answer:
Option 1
Explanation:
The way the layers stack on each other is a obvious example of sedimentary rock.The sediments form layers on top of each other over time that hardens into rock creating layers. Geologists use these layers to determine how old something is or what time period a fossil was from. The sediments form layers on top of each other over time that hardens into rock creating layers.
The _____ of the respiratory system consists of a series of interconnecting cavities and tubes both outside and within the lungs that filter, warm, and moisten air and conduct air into the lungs.
The conducting zone of the respiratory system is a series of interconnected cavities and tubes outside and inside the lungs that filter, warm, humidify, and direct air to the lungs.
The respiratory system functionally he can be divided into two zones. The conducting zone (nose to bronchioles) provides the conduction pathway for inspired gases and the respiratory zone (alveolar ducts to alveoli) where gas exchange takes place.
The conducting zone consists of all structures that allow airways to enter and exit the lungs.
Nasal cavity, pharynx, trachea, bronchi, and most bronchioli. The conducting zone, which includes everything from the nose to the smallest bronchiole, allows air to enter and exit the lungs. The respiratory zone includes respiratory bronchioles and alveoli, which move breathing gases, oxygen and carbon dioxide, into and out of the blood.
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Why are the processes of crossing over and independent assortment important events during meiosis?
Each gamete has a unique DNA set because of recombination and independent assortment during meiosis. The resultant zygote has a special set of genes as a result.
A diploid cell, or homolog, the first stage of meiosis, has two copies of each chromosome. Each homolog now consists of two identical sister chromatids as a result of the cell's first DNA replication process.
Then, through homologous recombination, each set of homologs pairs with one another and exchanges genetic material, frequently resulting in physical connections (crossovers) between the homologs. The spindle machinery segregates the homologs into distinct daughter cells during the first meiotic division. The cells then move directly to a second division without a round of DNA replication in between.
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Explain changes in osmotic pressure that occurs when cells are placed in solutions of differing concentrations. Can you describe what happens to cells in different solutions:
Osmotic pressure relies upon simplest on temperature and the difference in the concentration throughout the membrane.
The osmotic pressure of a solution is proportional to the molar concentration of the solute debris withinside the answer. As quickly because the solute molecules will increase the osmotic strain of answer boom. Osmotic strain is laid low with attention and temperature. Concentration of solute and temperature every have an effect on the quantity of strain created through the motion of water throughout a membrane. Higher concentrations and better temperatures boom osmotic pressure. If a cell is positioned in a hypertonic solution, water will depart the cell, and the cell will shrink. In an isotonic environment, there's no water movement, so there's no use withinside the length of the cell. When a cell is positioned in a hypotonic environment, water will input the cell, and the cell will swell.
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What is significant about the hoatzin?
Answer:
Hoatzin, (Opisthocomus hoazin), primitive chicken-sized bird of South American swamps, principally in the Amazon and Orinoco river basins. ... The hoatzin is the only bird with a digestive system that ferments vegetation as a cow does, which enables it to eat leaves and buds exclusively.
Explanation:
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A farm worker accidentally was splashed with a powerful insecticide. A few minutes later he went into convulsions, stopped breathing, and died. The insecticide acted as a competitive inhibitor of an enzyme important in the function of the nervous system. Describe the structural relationship between the enzyme, its substrate, and the insecticide molecule.
The enzyme is made up of a protein structure and binds to its substrate, which is often a specific molecule that is necessary for the enzyme’s function. The insecticide molecule is similar in structure to the substrate, but is much more powerful.
The insecticide molecule is a competitive inhibitor, meaning that it binds to the same site on the enzyme as the substrate does, preventing the substrate from binding to the enzyme and, in turn, preventing the enzyme from catalyzing its reaction.
The structure of the enzyme-substrate complex and the insecticide-enzyme complex are similar, with the insecticide molecule fitting into the active site of the enzyme, forming a strong bond with the enzyme and preventing the substrate from binding to its active site. The insecticide molecule has a higher affinity for the enzyme than the substrate, which is why it is able to block the enzyme from catalyzing its reaction and, ultimately, cause the death of the farm worker.
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With industrialized food production, for every one unit of energy put on the table in the United States, how many units of nonrenewable fossil fuel energy are required to produce it
In the United States, industrialized food production requires approximately 10 units of nonrenewable fossil fuel energy to produce 1 unit of energy put on the table.
This is because industrialized food production involves the use of heavy machinery, transportation of food from the farm to the distribution center, and the use of fertilizers, pesticides, and other chemicals to produce crops. All of these activities require energy which is typically sourced from nonrenewable fossil fuel sources.
Additionally, food production also requires energy for processing and packaging, which further increases the amount of energy required to produce 1 unit of energy put on the table. In conclusion, industrialized food production requires approximately 10 units of nonrenewable fossil fuel energy for every 1 unit of energy put on the table in the United States.
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honeybee is considered as the most useful insect for human beings.justify this statement with any three reasons
Answer:
Polinate plants, trees and foodThey give us honeybees are responcible of pollinating 15 billion of just US crops and 200 million pounds of UK crops. showing their contribution to agricultureThe table below shows the initial and final masses of a radioactive material in a container.
Initial mass (in kilograms) 0.8
Final mass (in kilograms) 0.05
Based on the table, which of these conclusions is correct?
The half life of the material is three years.
The half life of the material is four years.
The mass of the material was 0. 1 kilograms after four half lives.
The mass of the material was 0.1 kilograms after three half lives.
Answer: the half life of the material is four years
Secondary sewage treatment is distinguished form primary sewage treatment by the: separation of the suspended solids from the liquid effluent. chlorination of the liquid effluent. aeration of liquid effluent following chlorination. removal of inorganic nutrients from the liquid effluent. addition of bacteria to process organic contaminants.
Secondary sewage treatment is distinguished from primary sewage treatment by the following:
Aeration of liquid effluent following chlorination.
Addition of bacteria to process organic contaminants.
Removal of inorganic nutrients from the liquid effluent.
Primary sewage treatment is the initial step in the treatment of waste water, and it typically includes the separation of the suspended solids from the liquid effluent. This can be achieved through sedimentation, mechanical screens, and other physical means to remove the larger particles from the waste water.
Secondary sewage treatment goes one step further by using biological processes to remove dissolved organic matter and inorganic nutrients from the liquid effluent. This is typically done through the use of microorganisms, which break down the organic matter in the waste water. Aeration is used to provide the microorganisms with oxygen, which is necessary for their growth and metabolism.
Chlorination can be used as a final disinfectant step following secondary sewage treatment to kill any remaining pathogens, but it is not a requirement of secondary treatment.
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