Sir Robert Peel, the father of modern policing, transformed law enforcement and influenced police organizations in the US.
As British Home Secretary, he introduced reforms, including the creation of the Metropolitan Police Force in London in 1829, setting the global standard for policing, including in the United States.
Peel's principles of policing emphasized the importance of crime prevention, public cooperation, and professional conduct. He advocated for the use of police officers as a visible presence in the community to deter crime and maintain order. He also emphasized the importance of officers being accountable to the law and the public they serve.
In the United States, Peel's principles influenced the development of modern police organizations. Many police departments adopted the principles of community policing and crime prevention, focusing on building positive relationships with the community and addressing the underlying causes of crime.
Peel's legacy can be seen in the structure, training, and approach of police organizations in the United States today. His emphasis on professionalism, accountability, and community engagement continues to shape the modern practices and strategies used by law enforcement agencies.
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What are the Different Kinds of Foreign Investment? F_{1}
Foreign investment can be categorized into different types based on the purpose and nature of the investment. Some common kinds of foreign investment include:
1. Foreign direct investment (FDI): This refers to investments made by a company or individual from one country into another country to establish or acquire a business interest. FDI involves a long-term commitment and control over the foreign business entity.
2. Portfolio investment: This involves the purchase of financial assets, such as stocks, bonds, or mutual funds, in a foreign country. Unlike FDI, portfolio investment does not involve the direct control or management of the foreign business.
3. Foreign institutional investment (FII): FIIs are organizations, such as pension funds, hedge funds, or mutual funds, that invest in securities of foreign companies. These investments are typically made with the intention of earning short-term returns rather than acquiring control over the foreign business.
4. Foreign aid: This refers to financial assistance provided by one country to another country for various purposes, such as development projects, humanitarian relief, or economic support. Foreign aid can be in the form of grants, loans, or technical assistance.
5. International trade: Although not typically considered as foreign investment, international trade involves the exchange of goods and services between countries. It can also be seen as a form of investment since it involves the transfer of resources from one country to another.
It is important to note that these categories are not mutually exclusive, and many investments can fall into multiple categories. Additionally, the specific regulations and incentives for foreign investment vary from country to country.
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Compute bond proceeds, amortizing discount by interest method, and interest expense Using rormulas ana cell reterences, pertorm the required anarysis, and input your answers into the Amount column. Transfer the numeric results for the green entry cells (C13:C16) into the appropriate fields in CNOWV2 for arading. Compute bond proceeds, amortizing discount by interest method, and interest expense Bayd Co. produces and sells aviation equipment. On the first day of its fiscal year, Boyd issued $80,000,000 of five-year, 9% bonds at a market (eriective) interest rate of 11\%, with interest payable semiannually. This information has been collected in the Microsoft Excel Online file. Open the spreadsheet, perform the required analysis, and input your answers in the questions below. Compute the following: a. The amount of cash proceeds from the sale of the bonds. Round your answer to the nearest dollar. 5 b. The amount of discount to be amortized for the first semiannual interest payment period, using the interest method, foond your answer to the nearest dollar. 3. c. The amoiunt of discount to be amertized for the second semiannual interest payment pened, wang the interest method. Pound your answer to the nearest dollar. 5 d. The amount of the bond interest expense for the first year. Round your answer to the nearest dollsf. 3 x
a. The amount of cash proceeds from the sale of the bonds is $74,958,370.b. The amount of discount to be amortized for the first semiannual interest payment period, using the interest method, is $2,045,907. c. The amount of discount to be amortized for the second semiannual interest payment period, using the interest method, is $2,045,907. d. The amount of bond interest expense for the first year is $7,079,460.
a. To calculate the cash proceeds from the sale of the bonds, we need to use the formula: Cash Proceeds = Face Value of Bonds - Discount. In this case, the face value of the bonds is $80,000,000. The discount can be calculated using the formula: Discount = Face Value of Bonds * Market Interest Rate - Cash Interest Payment. The market interest rate is 11%, and the cash interest payment can be calculated as: Cash Interest Payment = Face Value of Bonds * Stated Interest Rate * (1 - (1 + Market Interest Rate)^-n / Market Interest Rate), where n is the number of periods (in this case, semiannual payments for five years). After plugging in the values, we find that the cash proceeds from the sale of the bonds are $74,958,370.
b. The discount to be amortized for the first semiannual interest payment period using the interest method can be calculated by multiplying the carrying value of the bonds at the beginning of the period by the market interest rate. The carrying value at the beginning of the first period is equal to the face value of the bonds minus the initial discount. The initial discount is calculated as the cash proceeds minus the face value of the bonds. After performing the calculations, the discount to be amortized for the first semiannual interest payment period is $2,045,907.
c. The discount to be amortized for the second semiannual interest payment period using the interest method is the same as the discount to be amortized for the first period since the amortization amount remains constant throughout the bond's life. Therefore, the discount to be amortized for the second semiannual interest payment period is also $2,045,907.
d. The bond interest expense for the first year is calculated by multiplying the carrying value of the bonds at the beginning of the year by the market interest rate. The carrying value at the beginning of the year is equal to the face value of the bonds minus the accumulated amortization of the discount for that year. The accumulated amortization of the discount for the first year can be calculated by multiplying the discount to be amortized for the first period by the number of periods in a year (two in this case). After performing the calculations, the bond interest expense for the first year is $7,079,460.
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Assume that Canada and Japan each have 1,000 production units
available to
them. With each unit, Canada is able to produce either 8 bicycles
or 4 books, while Japan can
produce either 2 bicycles or 3
Canada and Japan have 1,000 production units available to them. Canada produces 8 bicycles or 4 books with one unit while Japan produces 2 bicycles or 3 books. The opportunity cost of a book in Canada is 2 bicycles while in Japan it is 2/3 bicycles. The opportunity cost of a bicycle in Canada is 1/2 books while in Japan it is 3/2 books.
The opportunity cost of producing a book in Canada is two bicycles while in Japan, it is two-thirds of a bicycle. Therefore, Canada has a higher opportunity cost of producing a book than Japan, which has a comparative advantage in book production. Canada has a lower opportunity cost of producing a bicycle because it only costs half as much as a book, while in Japan, it costs one and a half books. Thus, Canada has a comparative advantage in bicycle production.
It is more profitable for Canada to specialize in the production of bicycles and for Japan to specialize in book production. The two countries may engage in trade to exchange their goods, with Canada exporting bicycles and importing books and Japan exporting books and importing bicycles. By specializing in production and trading, both countries can achieve higher levels of output and consumption than if they tried to produce both goods on their own.
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A manufacturing company has a beginning finished goods Inventory of $28.000, cost of goods manufactured of $58,200, and an ending finished goods inventory of $27,300. The cost of goods sold for this company is Mutiple Choice $113,500 $57,500 $2.900 105.500 $58.900
Cost of goods sold (COGS) is the price of the raw materials, labor, and manufacturing expenses for the products sold during a specific period.
It includes everything that goes into making a product, from materials and labor to transportation costs. To determine the cost of goods sold, one must subtract the ending inventory of finished goods from the sum of the beginning inventory of finished goods and the cost of goods manufactured.
Given, Beginning finished goods inventory = $28,000Cost of goods manufactured = $58,200Ending finished goods inventory = $27,300COGS = Beginning finished goods inventory + Cost of goods manufactured - Ending finished goods inventoryCOGS = $28,000 + $58,200 - $27,300COGS = $58,900Therefore, the cost of goods sold for the manufacturing company is $58,900. Hence, the correct option is option E.
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A program manager manages a large team that just finished a major project successfully. The team is now exhausted. The PM wants to ask her supervisor, a results-driven senior VP for approval to give the team some time off.
A. "Here is some data from previous years that shows our team delivers the best results after short breaks"
B. "This project is what we’re capable of when rested. Let’s give the team some time to refuel and come back in top form"
C. "The team feels that they’ve earned some time off for the many hours they’ve worked recently"
D. "Our staff is overworked, and it’ll cost our firm more money if they quit"
E. "Everyone’s been working nonstop for a while; I hear they’ll quit if we don’t give them some time off."
The program manager should use the statement, "This project is what we’re capable of when rested. Let’s give the team some time to refuel and come back in top form" to request her supervisor's approval for the team to have some time off.
A program manager needs to effectively communicate her message and gain the support of her supervisor. The statement, "This project is what we’re capable of when rested. Let’s give the team some time to refuel and come back in top form," serves this purpose by highlighting the team's capabilities and the importance of rest.
By emphasizing that the team's performance is at its best when well-rested, the program manager acknowledges the team's hard work and dedication. The statement also presents a clear justification for granting time off, as it emphasizes the benefits of allowing the team to refuel and recharge.
This approach appeals to the supervisor's understanding of the team's needs and the positive impact it can have on their performance. By focusing on the team's well-being and productivity, the program manager increases the likelihood of gaining the supervisor's approval for the time off request.
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Suppose that inverse market demand for a good is P = 240 − Q 2 and it is served by a monopolist with total cost TC = 1000 + 40Q (therefore AC = 1000 Q + 40 and MC = 40).
(a) Calculate the profit-maximizing price and quantity of the monopolist.
(b) Calculate the average cost at the profit-maximizing quantity of the monopolist.
(c) Calculate the competitive price and quantity.
(d) Calculate deadweight loss.
(e) Suppose the government imposes a price regulation on the monopolist, requiring it to charge P = MC. What would the new profit-maximizing quantity be? i. What is the average cost at this new profit-maximizing quantity? ii. What profit (or loss) is the monopolist making at this new profit-maximizing quantity? iii. Calculate deadweight loss.
(f) Suppose the government imposes a price regulation on the monopolist, requiring it to charge P = AC. What would the new profit-maximizing quantity be? i. What is the average cost at this new profit-maximizing quantity? ii. What profit (or loss) is the monopolist making at this new profit-maximizing quantity? iii. Calculate deadweight loss.
a) We have been given Inverse market demand for a good, P = 240 − Q2 and total cost, TC = 1000 + 40Q. We have to find profit-maximizing price and quantity of the monopolist. The profit-maximizing quantity can be calculated by equating the marginal revenue (MR) to the marginal cost (MC).
In this case, the Marginal Revenue (MR) is equal to the inverse demand curve, so MR = 240 − 2Q.At profit maximizing point, MR = MC240 - 2Q = 40 Q = 100P = 240 - Q2= 240 - 100 = $140.The profit maximizing quantity of the monopolist is 70 units.b) Average cost can be calculated by dividing the total cost with the total output. Average Cost (AC) = TC/Q1000 + 40Q/Q = 1000/Q + 40.
The average cost at the profit-maximizing quantity is:AC = 1000/70 + 40AC = 54.29c) The competitive price and quantity can be calculated by equating the demand equation to the supply equation.240 - Q2 = MC = 40Q2 + Q - 240 = 0(Q-15)(Q+16) = 0Quantity demanded (Qd) = Quantity supplied (Qs)Q = 15 or Q = -16 (Neglecting the negative value)P = 240 - Q2= 240 - 225 = $15The competitive price is $15 and the quantity is 15 units.
d) Deadweight Loss (DWL) can be calculated by taking half of the difference between the consumer surplus and the producer surplus at equilibrium price and quantity. DWL = 1/2 [(240-15) (70-15) - (1/2) (15-15) (240-15)]DWL = 1/2 [(225) (55) - 0]DWL = 6188e) Suppose the government imposes a price regulation on the monopolist, requiring it to charge P = MC. The new profit-maximizing quantity can be calculated by equating the marginal revenue (MR) to the marginal cost (MC).
The new profit-maximizing quantity is 45 units.The average cost at this new profit-maximizing quantity is:AC = 1000/45 + 40AC = 62.22The profit (or loss) is the monopolist making at this new profit-maximizing quantity is:Profit = TR - TCTotal Revenue (TR) = P x QTR = 60 x 45TR = 2700Profit = 2700 - (1000 + 40Q)Profit = 2700 - (1000 + 40(45))Profit = $700There is a profit of $700.
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Mr. K's is a very popular hair salon. It offers high-quality hairstyling and physical relaxation services at a reasonable price, so it always has unlimited demand. The service process includes five activities that are conducted in the sequence described next (the time required for each activity is shown in parentheses): Activity 1: Welcome a guest and offer homemade herb tea ( 9 minutes). Activity 2: Wash and condition hair (9 minutes). Activity 3: Neck, shoulder, and back stress-release massage ( 9 minutes). Activity 4: Design the hairstyle and do the hair ( 23 minutes). Activity 5: Check out the guest (5 minutes). Three servers ( S1, S2, and S3 ) offer the services in a worker-paced line. The assignment of tasks to servers is the following: $1 does Activity 1, S2 does activities 2 and 3 , and S3 does activities 4 and 5 . a. What is the labor content? b. What is the average labor utilization? c. At a wage rate of $25 per hour, what is the cost of direct labor per customer? d. Mr. K contemplates redesigning the assignment of tasks to servers. For this, Mr. K is evaluating the reassignment of Activity 5 from $3 to $1. What will be the new cost of direct labor? e. Returning to the original question, Mr. K is thinking to add one additional worker to the process. The worker would be assigned to the same set of tasks as one of the current workers. First, decide which set of tasks would benefit from one additional worker, then calculate the process capacity (customers per hour)?
a. The labor content is calculated by adding up the time required for each activity:
Activity 1: 9 minutes
Activity 2: 9 minutes
Activity 3: 9 minutes
Activity 4: 23 minutes
Activity 5: 5 minutes
Total time = 9 + 9 + 9 + 23 + 5 = 55 minutes
Therefore, the labor content is 55 minutes.
b. The average labor utilization is determined by dividing the time spent on value-added activities by the total time required:
Value-added activities:
Activity 2: 9 minutes
Activity 3: 9 minutes
Activity 4: 23 minutes
Total time for value-added activities = 9 + 9 + 23 = 41 minutes
Total time required for service = 55 minutes
Average labour utilization = (41/55) × 100% = 74.55%
c. The cost of direct labour per customer is calculated by multiplying the time required per customer by the wage rate:
Time required per customer = 55 minutes = 0.917 hours
Wage rate = $25/hour
Labour cost per customer = 0.917 hours × $25/hour = $22.92 per customer
d. If Activity 5 is reassigned from S3 to S1, the labour content and the cost of direct labour per customer will remain the same, as the total time required and the tasks performed by each server remain unchanged.
e. Adding an additional worker to the process can benefit the task that takes the most time, which is Activity 4: Design the hairstyle and do the hair (23 minutes). By adding another worker to perform this task, the process capacity can be increased.
The process capacity is determined by the time required for Activity 4, which is 23 minutes per customer. To calculate the process capacity in customers per hour, divide the total time available in an hour (60 minutes) by the time required for Activity 4:
Process capacity = (60 minutes/hour) ÷ (23 minutes/customer) = 2.61 customers/hour ≈ 2 customers/hour (rounded to the nearest customer).
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Mr. K's salon's labor content is 55 minutes and labor utilization rate is around 31%. The direct labor cost per customer at $25 per hour wage rate is $22.92. Finally, adding an additional worker to perform the same tasks as the current worker S3 would cut the bottleneck time in half and increase the process capacity to 4.29 customers per hour.
Explanation:The labor content in this scenario is the total time required to provide the services to each customer. This is calculated by adding up the time of all activities: 9 (Activity 1) + 9 (Activity 2) + 9 (Activity 3) + 23 (Activity 4) + 5 (Activity 5) = 55 minutes per customer. Labor utilization is the ratio of the labor content to total available labor time. Assuming a 60-minute hour and that all servers work at the same time, the utilization rate would be 55/180 = 0.306 or about 31%.
The cost of direct labor per customer at a wage rate of $25 per hour can be calculated as: (55/60) * $25 = $22.92 per customer. If Activity 5 is reassigned from S3 to S1, this does not change because the overall time for serving customers remains the same.
Finally, the addition of an extra worker to the chain would increase the process capacity. The bottleneck, in this case, is Activity 4, performed by S3, taking 23 minutes. The total time spent by S3 is 28 minutes. This is the highest compared to S1 and S2. Therefore, it would be most beneficial to assign the extra worker the same set of tasks as S3 which would cut the time taken by S3 into half. The new process capacity would then be 1/(14/60) = approximately 4.29 customers per hour.
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What is the precautionary principle? How does it differ from the proactionary principle? Use examples to illustrate.
The precautionary principle refers to the idea that if there is any doubt about the safety or potential harm of an action or technology, it is better to err on the side of caution and take measures to prevent harm, even if there is not yet scientific consensus on the issue.
It is often invoked in debates around environmental and public health issues, such as climate change or the use of pesticides. Essentially, it is the idea that it is better to be safe than sorry. The proactionary principle, on the other hand, is a more recent concept that argues that we should not be overly cautious or risk-averse when it comes to new technologies or actions, but rather take calculated risks and embrace innovation in order to achieve progress and improve human well-being. This principle emphasizes the importance of individual liberty and choice, as well as the potential benefits of new technologies and actions. An example of the precautionary principle in action would be the debate around genetically modified organisms (GMOs). Some people argue that there is not yet enough scientific evidence to prove that GMOs are safe for human consumption or the environment, and therefore we should not allow their widespread use until more research has been done.
However, opponents may argue that there are potential risks and unintended consequences associated with these technologies that we should be more cautious about.
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Rediger Incorporated a manufacturing Corporation, has provided the following data for the month of June. The balance in the Work in Process inventory account was $28,000 at the beginning of the month and $20,000 at the end of the month. During the month, the Corporation incurred direct materials cost of $56,200 and direct labor cost of $29,800. The actual manufacturing overhead cost incurred was $53,600. The manufacturing overhead cost applied to Work in Process was $52,200. The cost of goods manufactured for June was: Multiple Choice $147,600. $146,200. $138,200. $139,600.
The cost of goods manufactured for June is $139,600.A work-in-progress (WIP) account is an inventory account that is used in accounting to track the manufacturing costs of a company's partially completed goods. The cost of goods manufactured for June is $146,200.
The Work in Process Inventory Account is the accounting term for partially completed goods that are still in the production process and have not yet been completed. When a product is in the process of being made, it is classified as a work-in-progress item in the Work in Process Inventory Account.
The formula to calculate Cost of Goods Manufactured (COGM) is: COGM = Beginning Work in Process Inventory + Direct Materials Used + Direct Labor + Manufacturing Overhead - Ending Work in Process Inventory. Using the formula, we can calculate the COGM for June: COGM = $28,000 + $56,200 + $29,800 + $52,200 - $20,000. COGM = $146,200. Therefore, the cost of goods manufactured for June is $146,200.
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Summarize a chapter of a textbook you are now using for a course in your major field. Provide an accurate bibliographic reference for that chapter (author of the textbook, title of the chapter, title of the book, place of publication, publisher’s name, date of publication, and page numbers of the chapter)
One of the chapters I'm currently reading for my major field is titled "Introduction to Marketing Research" from the book "Marketing Research" by Burns, Alvin C. and Ronald F. Bush. The book was published in 2014, in New Jersey by Pearson Prentice Hall.
The chapter starts by defining what marketing research is, explaining why it is necessary, and how it is used in different aspects of the marketing process. It then delves into the different types of marketing research, such as exploratory, descriptive, and causal research. The authors provide practical examples and explain when each type is useful for collecting different types of data and insights.
The chapter also covers the different methods for conducting marketing research, including surveys, observation, and experiments, and highlights the strengths and weaknesses of each method. The authors stress the importance of ethical considerations when conducting marketing research, such as obtaining informed consent from participants, protecting their privacy, and ensuring the data collected is accurate and reliable.
In conclusion, this chapter provides a comprehensive introduction to marketing research, its importance, and its various methods and types. It is an essential read for students pursuing a degree in marketing or business. Burns, A. C. & Bush, R. F. (2014). Marketing research. (7th ed.). Pearson Prentice Hall. pp. 2-33.
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How has the use of AI and ML impacted businesses such as Amazon, Walmart, or the travel industry?
Artificial Intelligence (AI) and Machine Learning (ML) are innovative . Some of the industries that have been heavily impacted by the use of AI and ML technologies include Amazon, Walmart, and the travel industry.
Amazon is one of the largest e-commerce companies in the world, and it has been heavily impacted by the use of AI and ML technologies. Amazon uses AI and ML technologies to analyze customer behavior and purchase history.
Similarly, Walmart uses AI and ML technologies to improve customer experience. Walmart has implemented AI and ML technologies in its supply chain management system, which has resulted in increased efficiency and cost savings
The travel industry is another industry that has been heavily impacted by the use of AI and ML technologies. AI and ML technologies have transformed the way people book and plan their travel.
In conclusion, the use of AI and ML technologies has had a significant impact on businesses such as Amazon, Walmart, and the travel industry. These technologies have transformed the way these businesses operate and have improved their efficiency, profitability, and customer experience. The use of AI and ML technologies is expected to continue growing in the future, and businesses that adopt these technologies will gain a competitive advantage over their rivals.
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In conducting a replacement study, all of the following are correct viewpoint for the analyst except: Owner'u s Outsider'; s Consultant'es Nonowner"; s
In conducting a replacement study, the viewpoints of an analyst will always be influenced by the personal beliefs, preferences and biases of the analyst. The replacement study is a study conducted by a company to ascertain the cost of replacing its assets.
The aim of the replacement study is to ensure that the company is able to replace its assets efficiently, effectively and at a low cost.There are different viewpoints in conducting a replacement study. They include; the owner's viewpoint, the outsider's viewpoint, the consultant's viewpoint, and the non-owner's viewpoint.
In contrast, the outsider's viewpoint is an external perspective on the replacement of assets, whereas the consultant's viewpoint is a perspective from an external professional who is hired to provide objective and unbiased advice.Non-owner's viewpoint: The non-owner's viewpoint is a perspective of individuals that are not owners or managers of the company. This group of individuals can include customers, suppliers, and employees.
Non-owner's viewpoint is not a correct viewpoint for the analyst in conducting a replacement study. It is expected that the analyst conducting a replacement study should have the knowledge, skills, and experience required to provide objective and unbiased recommendations on the replacement of assets.
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During March, Estes Company worked on three jobs, Data relating to these three jobs folow: Ovemead is assigned on the basis of direct labor hours at a rate of $8.50 per drect labor four, During March, Jobs ab and a7 were completed and eracsferred fo f Wished Requiredt 1. Calculste the per-int cost of Jobs Bb and s?. Round youe antwers to the nearest cent. Job ab 3 pering lob n7. 1 periant 3. Preptre the journal entries refecting the completion of Jobs 66 and 87 and the sale of 15687 . The seiling price is 130 percest of cost.
Journal entry for the sale of Job S7:
Debit Accounts Receivable for the selling price of Job S7 (130% of the cost)
Credit Sales for the selling price of Job S7
Debit Cost of Goods Sold for the per-unit cost of Job S7
Credit Work in Process (Job S7) for the per-unit cost of Job S7
To calculate the per-unit cost of Jobs BB and S7, we need to know the direct labor hours and the overhead rate.
Let's assume the direct labor hours for Jobs BB and S7 are as follows:
Job BB: 8 direct labor hours
Job S7: 5 direct labor hours
Given that the overhead rate is $8.50 per direct labor hour, we can calculate the overhead cost for each job:
Overhead cost for Job BB = 8 direct labor hours * $8.50 per direct labor hour
Overhead cost for Job BB = $68
Overhead cost for Job S7 = 5 direct labor hours * $8.50 per direct labor hour
Overhead cost for Job S7 = $42.50
To calculate the per-unit cost, we need to consider the direct material cost as well. Let's assume the direct material cost for each job is as follows:
Job BB: $120
Job S7: $80
Now we can calculate the per-unit cost by adding the direct material cost, direct labor cost, and overhead cost:
Per-unit cost for Job BB = Direct material cost + Direct labor cost + Overhead cost
Per-unit cost for Job BB = $120 + $68 + $42.50
Per-unit cost for Job BB = $230.50
Per-unit cost for Job S7 = Direct material cost + Direct labor cost + Overhead cost
Per-unit cost for Job S7 = $80 + $68 + $42.50
Per-unit cost for Job S7 = $190.50
Now let's move on to preparing the journal entries for the completion of Jobs BB and S7 and the sale of Job S7. Since we don't have information about the specific accounts affected, we'll use general entries:
Journal entry for the completion of Jobs BB and S7:
Debit Work in Process (Job BB) for the per-unit cost of Job BB
Debit Work in Process (Job S7) for the per-unit cost of Job S7
Credit Overhead Applied for the total overhead cost of both jobs
Journal entry for the sale of Job S7:
Debit Accounts Receivable for the selling price of Job S7 (130% of the cost)
Credit Sales for the selling price of Job S7
Debit Cost of Goods Sold for the per-unit cost of Job S7
Credit Work in Process (Job S7) for the per-unit cost of Job S7
Please note that the specific accounts and amounts may vary based on the company's accounting system and policies. It's recommended to consult the company's accounting records and guidelines for accurate journal entries.
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A company with a 15% tax rate buys preferred stock in another company. The preferred stock has a before-tax yield of 7.50%. Assume a 70% dividend exclusion for tax on dividends. What is the preferred stock’s after-tax return? (Round your final answer to two decimal places.)
Group of answer choices
7.74%
6.95%
7.16%
5.94%
7.09%
The preferred stock's after-tax return is 4.46% considering a 15% tax rate and a 70% dividend exclusion, calculated from the before-tax yield of 7.50%. Therefore, the preferred stock's after-tax return is 4.46%.
Here details:
Tax rate: 15%
Before-tax yield: 7.50%
Dividend exclusion on tax: 70%
Step 1: Calculate the dividend yield on preferred stock before tax deduction:
Dividend yield before tax deduction = 7.50%
Calculate the dividend yield on preferred stock after tax deduction:
Tax on dividends = 30% of 7.50% = 2.25%
Dividend yield after tax deduction = 7.50% - 2.25% = 5.25%
Calculate the after-tax return on the preferred stock:
After-tax return on the preferred stock = (1 - tax rate) × dividend yield after tax deduction
After-tax return on the preferred stock = (1 - 0.15) × 5.25% = 0.85 × 5.25% = 4.46%
Therefore, the preferred stock's after-tax return is 4.46%.
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Consider an organization you worked for, currently work for, or
have seen in the market.
Does it currently have any blue ocean offerings?
Can you think of any new blue ocean offerings?
No, the business doesn't offer any exclusive products or services.
The business runs like a typical brick-and-mortar store. Its product offerings aren't all that distinctive from those of its competitors, and its online presence isn't that strong. The business hasn't lately introduced any new products or services, and it lacks any distinctive qualities that might allow it to find a niche market
The corporation has been experiencing difficulties recently as a result of pressure from internet retailers on its conventional retail strategy. Because the corporation was slow to adjust to the changing climate, it has been losing market share.
The corporation currently lacks the resources and forethought required to create a blue ocean, and it is unlikely that it ever will.
This is a terrible fact, but it is indicative of the current state of affairs. The company is not now positioned to succeed in the market, and it is unlikely that a blue ocean will emerge.
This does not imply that the business is doomed to failure. However, in order to turn things around, the company would need to make some big changes.
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According to DFAT, the US is one of the main destinations for Australian investment. In 2019, about 30% Australian overseas investment went to the US. Assume that investment returns are in the USD. Discuss the economic and translation exposure facing Australian MNCs, taking into account the recent movements in the value of A$ vis-a-vis the USD.
According to DFAT, the US is one of the main destinations for Australian investment, with about 30% of Australian overseas investment going to the US in 2019. Since investment returns are in USD, Australian MNCs are exposed to economic and translation risks due to recent movements in the value of the Australian dollar (A$) against the US dollar (USD).
1. Economic Exposure: Economic exposure refers to the impact of exchange rate movements on the cash flows and profitability of Australian MNCs. In this case, if the value of the A$ depreciates against the USD, it means that Australian MNCs will receive fewer USD when converting their investment returns into A$. This could result in lower profitability and cash flow for these companies.
2. Translation Exposure: Translation exposure refers to the impact of exchange rate movements on the financial statements of Australian MNCs. When Australian MNCs convert their investment returns from USD to A$ for reporting purposes, a depreciation in the value of the A$ against the USD will result in higher reported profits in A$. Conversely, an appreciation in the A$ will lead to lower reported profits. This can create volatility in the financial statements of Australian MNCs and affect investor perceptions.
To mitigate these exposures, Australian MNCs can take several steps:
1. Hedging: They can use financial instruments such as forward contracts or currency options to hedge against exchange rate fluctuations. By locking in exchange rates in advance, they can reduce the impact of currency movements on their investment returns.
2. Diversification: Australian MNCs can diversify their investment portfolio by expanding their presence in other countries and currencies. This can help reduce their reliance on the US market and minimize the impact of exchange rate movements on their overall performance.
3. Cost management: They can also focus on managing their costs effectively to maintain profitability, even in the face of unfavorable exchange rate movements. This can include strategies such as sourcing inputs from countries with stronger currencies or renegotiating contracts with suppliers.
In summary, Australian MNCs investing in the US are exposed to economic and translation risks due to recent movements in the value of the A$ against the USD. To mitigate these risks, they can employ strategies such as hedging, diversification, and cost management.
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Knox Corp. has a selling price of $20, variable costs of $14 per unit, and fixed costs of $25,000. If Knox sells 12,000 units, the contribution margin ratio will equal:. O $60,000 30% O 70% O 10.4%
The contribution margin ratio will be 30%. Here option B is the correct answer.
To calculate the contribution margin ratio, we need to determine the contribution margin per unit and divide it by the selling price per unit.
The contribution margin per unit is the difference between the selling price and the variable cost per unit. In this case, the selling price is $20 and the variable cost is $14, so the contribution margin per unit is $20 - $14 = $6.
Next, we need to find the total contribution margin for the given number of units. Since Knox sells 12,000 units, the total contribution margin is $6 multiplied by 12,000 units, which equals $72,000.
To find the contribution margin ratio, we divide the total contribution margin by the total sales revenue (selling price multiplied by the number of units sold). The total sales revenue is $20 multiplied by 12,000 units, which equals $240,000.
So, the contribution margin ratio is $72,000 divided by $240,000, which equals 0.3 or 30%.
Therefore, the correct answer is B - 30%.
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Complete question:
Knox Corp. has a selling price of $20, variable costs of $14 per unit, and fixed costs of $25,000. If Knox sells 12,000 units, the contribution margin ratio will equal:
A - $60,000
B - 30%
C - 70%
D - 10.4%
To access the MapMaster tool follow the instructions below. **Tip be careful with the zoom, it sticks and can lock up the tool. 1. Click on MyLab and Mastering in the table of contents on the left-hand side. 2. Under "Student Links" click more, then click "Study Area". 3. A new tab will open with the Pearson Study Area. On the left-hand side in the table of contents, click on MapMaster 2.0. Then click on the blue button that says "MapMaster 2.0." A new tab will open with the MapMaster tool. Click on the green arrow on the left (green tab) this opens the selection menu. Follow the instructions below. 4. Under "Choose a theme" select: Physical Environment. Under "Refine by Geography" select: all geographies. Different layers will appear in a list below. Select "Blue Marble Satellite View of Earth". The areas shown in white reveal the locations of mountain areas where glaciers occur. Of course, not every white speck is a glacier, but the white coloration does indicate the Köppen H climate zone where glaciers are located in cirques, shaded canyons, and in larger icecaps. Zoom in two clicks to enlarge India and Tibet so this part of the world occupies much of the map. 5. Now scroll down the list on the left and select "Global Surface Warming, Worst-Case Projections" from the menu and click the option to split map window. You should now see two maps, the satellite image showing the glaciers and the projected warming. Take a screen shot of the maps and put them into a word document and answer the questions below. Save the word.doc and upload to this assignment. Questions: 1. Summarize what impact warming will likely have on glaciers in the Himalaya and Tibet Plateau. 2. Meltwater from Himalayan glaciers feeds major rivers of China, Pakistan, and India. How will the effects of changing temperatures affect the two billion people who live downstream of these glaciers?
The impact of warming on glaciers in the Himalaya and Tibet Plateau is that glaciers in these regions will melt at an accelerated rate, leading to the disappearance of smaller glaciers and shrinkage of larger ones. In addition to that, warming in these regions will cause the precipitation patterns to change and the snowfall to increase.
The water runoff from the snowmelt and glaciers will be irregular, which will impact the local economy, ecosystems, and communities. In the long run, warming will affect the natural resources, hydrology, water resources, ecosystems, and livelihoods of the people who reside in these regions.The effects of changing temperatures will be felt downstream of these glaciers.
The people who live downstream of these glaciers in the countries of India, Pakistan, and China rely on the meltwater from these glaciers to meet their water requirements, particularly during the dry season. As the glaciers shrink or disappear entirely, the water availability will be affected, and there will be the risk of droughts, water stress, and conflicts over water.
Furthermore, the increased warming in these regions will lead to more extreme weather conditions such as floods, landslides, and other natural disasters, which will impact the livelihoods of these people.
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public health professionals and healthcare administration use health measures and health statistics to advocate for changes that will improve health in their communities. however a growing segment of the population rejects information from scientific sources scholarly sources and health professionals why is this the case and how should healthcare leaders respond?
Public health professionals and healthcare administration use health measures and health statistics to advocate for changes that will improve health in their communities.
However, there is a growing segment of the population that rejects information from scientific sources, scholarly sources, and health professionals. There are several reasons why people may reject scientific information and health professionals. One of the primary reasons is a lack of trust in the healthcare system. The healthcare system has been criticized for being profit-driven and prioritizing the interests of pharmaceutical companies over patients.
This lack of trust can lead to skepticism about health information. Additionally, misinformation and propaganda are widespread on social media, making it difficult for people to determine which sources of information are reliable.Healthcare leaders must respond to this rejection of scientific information and health professionals by building trust with their communities. This can be done by prioritizing transparency and honesty. Healthcare leaders must communicate openly with their patients and communities about the limitations of scientific knowledge and the challenges of providing healthcare.
They should also focus on improving access to healthcare and addressing systemic inequalities in the healthcare system. Additionally, healthcare leaders should work to combat misinformation and propaganda by promoting reliable sources of information and educating their communities on how to evaluate the reliability of health information. Overall, healthcare leaders must take a proactive approach to building trust and engaging with their communities in order to improve health outcomes and reduce skepticism towards scientific information and health professionals.
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Mr Murray has estimated the price elasticity of demand for his burgers to be 2.0 when the price of burgers per serving is $10. In order to sell 40% more burgers, he needs to cut price by: A) $1 per serving. B) $2 per serving. C) $3 per serving. D) $4 per serving.
In order to sell 40% more burgers, Mr. Murray needs to cut the price by $2 per serving. Hence, option (B) is correct.
To calculate the price reduction needed to sell 40% more burgers, we can use the price elasticity of demand (PED) formula: PED = (% Change in Quantity Demanded) / (% Change in Price). We know that PED is 2.0 and Mr. Murray wants to increase quantity demanded by 40%. Given that price is currently $10 per serving, we need to find the price reduction that corresponds to a 40% increase in quantity demanded. Using the PED formula, we can set up the equation 2.0 = 40% / X, where X represents the price reduction. Solving for X, we find that X is 20%. Therefore, Mr. Murray needs to cut the price by $2 per serving ($10 x 20%) in order to sell 40% more burgers. This means the correct answer is B) $2 per serving.
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Sawyer Corporation's 2020 sales were $5 million. Its 2015 sales were $2.5 million. a. At what rate have sales been growing? Round your answer to two decimal places. % tho otatoment rarrort? Continue without saving
Sawyer Corporation's sales have been growing at an average annual rate of approximately 14.87% from 2015 to 2020.
To calculate the growth rate of Sawyer Corporation's sales, we need to determine the annual growth rate from 2015 to 2020. The formula to calculate the growth rate is:
Growth Rate = ((Final Value / Initial Value)^(1 / Number of Years)) - 1
Using the given information:
Initial Value (2015 sales) = $2.5 million
Final Value (2020 sales) = $5 million
Number of Years = 2020 - 2015 = 5
Substituting these values into the formula, we get:
Growth Rate = (($5 million / $2.5 million)^(1 / 5)) - 1
Calculating this expression, we find:
Growth Rate = (2^(1 / 5)) - 1
Growth Rate ≈ 0.1487
Converting this growth rate to a percentage, we get:
Growth Rate ≈ 14.87%
Sawyer Corporation's sales have been growing at an average annual rate of approximately 14.87% from 2015 to 2020. This indicates a consistent growth pattern in sales over the specified period.
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5.1 Application of Learning
In this section identify courses within your program of study at UONA that have had a direct impact on your ability to understand the problem and recommend the solution. If there were specific assignments within any course that helped you reach this recommendation, identify them and describe how that learning activity was relevant to this study.
5.3 Reflections
In this section, summarize your perspective by reflecting on the capstone experience and describe the lessons you learned during the process.
5.2 Significance of Project
In this section describe how you have benefited from conducting this study. Describe any new learning that occurred and how you applied past learning. Discuss whether this experience has helped you focus on a career path, or has opened up any new employment opportunities for you.
The capstone experience has been a valuable learning experience that will be carried throughout the career. The capstone experience has been a challenging yet rewarding journey.
5.1 In my program of study at UONA, there have been several courses that have helped me to understand the problem and recommend solutions. Among the courses, some are Marketing Strategies: In this course, I learned how to create strategies that can help the company to grow its market share and compete effectively in the market. In the capstone project, I applied the knowledge that I learned in this course by creating a marketing plan for a new product launch that was designed to help the company reach a new customer segment.
Financial Analysis: This course helped me understand the financial aspect of the company. I learned how to analyze financial statements, understand ratios and trends, and how create financial projections. In the capstone project, I applied the knowledge that I learned in this course by creating financial projections for the new product launch and analyzing the financial feasibility of the project.
5.2 Conducting this study has been a valuable experience for me. Through this study, I have gained a deeper understanding of the marketing and financial aspects of the company. I have also learned how to apply the knowledge that I have gained from my courses to real-world problems and situations. This study has helped me to focus on my career path and has opened up new employment opportunities for me.
5.3 The capstone experience has been a challenging yet rewarding journey. Throughout the process, I have learned many valuable lessons. One of the most important lessons that I have learned is the importance of teamwork. I have also learned the importance of planning and time management. The capstone project has allowed me to apply the knowledge that I have learned from my courses to a real-world problem, which has been a valuable experience. Overall, the capstone experience has been a valuable learning experience that I will carry with me throughout my career.
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ABC Realty Company enters into a contract with Jose who is an artist who creates large pieces of abstract art for public spaces, including building lobbies, to produce two paintings for the ABC Building lobby. Jose procrastinates and eventually refuses to complete the paintings. During this time, ABC contracts to sell the building to XYZ Management Company, but before ethe transaction is complete, ABC receives a much better offer (higher price) for the building from Frogmore Corporation. ABC subsequently refuses to sell the building to XYZ. In separate lawsuits by XYZ against ABC and ABC against Jose, each plaintiff seeks specific performance as a remedy. Please answer this question using the instructions in the introductory cammorom ance as a remedy. Please answer this question using
The answer is , both ABC Realty Company and XYZ Management Company are seeking specific performance as a remedy.
What does it mean?ABC Realty Company enters into a contract with Jose who is an artist who creates large pieces of abstract art for public spaces, including building lobbies, to produce two paintings for the ABC Building lobby.
However, Jose procrastinates and eventually refuses to complete the paintings. During this time, ABC contracts to sell the building to XYZ Management Company, but before the transaction is complete, ABC receives a much better offer (higher price) for the building from Frogmore Corporation. ABC subsequently refuses to sell the building to XYZ. In separate lawsuits by XYZ against ABC and ABC against Jose, each plaintiff seeks specific performance as a remedy.Specific performance is a remedy that forces a party to fulfill a contractual obligation. It is an equitable remedy that is often utilized when damages are inadequate and monetary compensation is not appropriate. Specific performance is frequently used to force a seller to sell real estate to a buyer, as in the case of XYZ Management Company suing ABC Realty Company.The reason why XYZ Management Company seeks specific performance as a remedy is that the contract ABC entered into to sell the building was not completed before ABC received a better offer from Frogmore Corporation. Specific performance will force ABC to sell the building to XYZ Management Company, even if they have received a better offer from Frogmore Corporation.Conversely, ABC Realty Company sues Jose, the artist, for specific performance because he refused to complete the paintings he was contracted to paint for the ABC Building lobby.In this scenario, specific performance would force Jose to complete the paintings he agreed to paint for ABC Realty Company.
Hence, both ABC Realty Company and XYZ Management Company are seeking specific performance as a remedy.
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1. Steve Adams Design is an architectural firm specializing in corporate design projects such as commercial building architecture, interior design, master planning, and sustainable design and consulting.
2. Create a Totals query to summarize the current value of equipment for each category.
3. Create a report displaying the names and locations of employees who use laptop computers.
4. Create a report displaying the names and locations of employees who use CAD systems.
I need help with this.
1) Steve Adams Design is an architectural firm that focuses on corporate design projects, including commercial building architecture, interior design, master planning, and sustainable design and consulting.
2) To create a Totals query for summarizing the current value of equipment by category, you would need access to a database or data source that contains information about the equipment and its corresponding values. Using the query design or SQL, you can group the equipment by category and use an aggregate function (e.g., SUM) on the value field to calculate the total value for each category.
3) To create a report displaying the names and locations of employees who use laptop computers, you would need access to a database or data source that contains information about employees and their assigned devices. Using a reporting tool or software, design a report layout that includes fields for employee names and locations.
4) Similar to the previous task, to create a report displaying the names and locations of employees who use CAD systems, you would need access to a database or data source that contains information about employees and their assigned systems.
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Lima has been asked to estimate the cost today of a 12ft 3
paint booth for the new plant. She has the following data: - Her company paid $3,000 for a 3ft 3
paint booth 5 years ago. - Paint booth within this range of capacity have a power-sizing exponent of 0.6. - Five years ago, the paint booth cost index was 856 ; it is 987 today.
Lima has been asked to estimate the cost today of a 12 ft3 paint booth for the new plant. Here is the data she has:Her company paid $3000 for a 3 ft3 paint booth five years ago.
Paint booths within this range of capacity have a power-sizing exponent of 0.6. Five years ago, the paint booth cost index was 856; it is 987 today. So, how can Lima estimate the cost of a 12 ft3 paint booth today? To do so, Lima needs to follow the steps mentioned below:
Find the cost of 1 ft3 paint booth five years ago by using the cost index.Cost of 1 ft3 paint booth 5 years ago = $3000 / 3 ft3 = $1000/ft3Paint booth cost index 5 years ago = 856Cost of paint booth today index = 987Cost ratio = (cost today index / cost 5 years ago index) = 987/856 = 1.151
Use the power-sizing exponent to find the cost of 1 ft3 paint booth today.Cost ratio = (cost today / cost 5 years ago)Power-sizing exponentCost ratio = (cost today / $1000)0.6 1.151 = cost today / $1000Cost today = $1000 x (1.151 / 0.6) = $1915/ft3Step 3: Find the cost of 12 ft3 paint booth today.
Cost of 12 ft3 paint booth = $1915/ft3 x 12 ft3 = $22,980Therefore, Lima can estimate the cost of a 12 ft3 paint booth today to be $22,980.
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the following information (in millions of dollars) is avaliable for the L bands for a recent year: sales revenue $8,780, net income $153, preferred divedend $0, and weighted-average common shares outstanding 300million.
compute the earnings per share for L bands. ( round answer to decimal places, e.g. 15.25.)
The earnings per share (EPS) for L bands is $0.51 (rounded to two decimal places).
To compute the earnings per share (EPS) for L bands, we use the formula: EPS = (Net Income - Preferred Dividend) / Weighted-average Common Shares outstanding.
Given:
- Net Income = $153 million
- Preferred Dividend = $0 million
- Weighted-average Common Shares outstanding = 300 million
Substituting the given values into the formula:
EPS = ($153 million - $0 million) / 300 million
= $153 million / 300 million
= 0.00051 million dollars per share
Rounding the result to two decimal places, the earnings per share for L bands is $0.51 per share.
Therefore, the earnings per share for L bands is $0.51 (rounded to two decimal places).
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Why might firms choose to pursue internationalisation? Identify up to five major motivations for expanding overseas. Classify these motivations as ‘strategic’ or ‘reactive’ and provide an example of each.
Internationalisation is the procedure of extending a firm's commercial activities overseas. The procedure of internationalisation has become more popular over time as businesses have found the benefits of trading in foreign markets. Firms can grow their businesses through internationalisation, and this can be accomplished in a variety of methods.
We will outline five reasons why firms choose to pursue internationalisation. Strategic and reactive motives are the two types of motivations.
1. Increase Sales and Revenue-Strategic Motivation : This is the primary reason why most businesses engage in internationalisation. When businesses go overseas, they expect to increase sales and profits by expanding their customer base beyond their home country.
2. Access to New Markets-Strategic Motivation : When businesses explore new markets, they are likely to find a broader range of clients who are interested in their goods and services. As a result, firms can benefit from an increase in profits and growth potential in new areas where there is an unmet need.
3. Diversification of Business Portfolio-Strategic Motivation : A company's economic performance is tied to the products and services it provides, as well as the countries in which it operates. To reduce their reliance on domestic operations, businesses may decide to diversify their offerings by offering goods and services to a broader range of customers in different nations.
4. Resource Acquisition-Reactive Motivation : When businesses expand into other countries, they may gain access to a wider range of resources, including raw materials, human resources, and intellectual capital.
5. Competitive Advantage-Reactive Motivation : When businesses enter into new markets, they may gain access to new technologies, processes, and methods that they can use to their advantage. As a result, businesses can enhance their competitiveness by providing improved products and services, lowering costs, or increasing quality.
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16) A car loan for $38,550 has an interest rate of 2.25% and is amortized over
60 months. What is the monthly payment on the loan?
a. $425.78
b. $679.92
c. $436.98
d. $351.24
The monthly payment for a $38,550 car loan at 2.25% interest over 60 months is approximately $425.78.
To calculate the monthly payment on the car loan, we can use the formula for calculating the monthly payment on an amortizing loan. The formula is:
M = P * (r * (1 + r)^n) / ((1 + r)^n - 1)
Where:
M = Monthly payment
P = Loan principal (amount borrowed)
r = Monthly interest rate (annual interest rate divided by 12)
n = Total number of months
Using the given values:
P = $38,550
r = 2.25% / 100 / 12 = 0.001875 (monthly interest rate)
n = 60
Plugging these values into the formula, we get:
M = 38550 * (0.001875 * (1 + 0.001875)^60) / ((1 + 0.001875)^60 - 1)
After calculating this expression, the monthly payment (M) comes out to be approximately $425.78. Therefore, the correct answer is option a, $425.78.
The conclusion is that the monthly payment on the car loan of $38,550, with an interest rate of 2.25% and a term of 60 months, is approximately $425.78. This information can help individuals budget and plan their finances accordingly when considering taking out a similar car loan.
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An investor has just entered 2 short palladium futures contracts at a futures price of $1,886 per troy ounce. The size of each contract is 100 troy ounces. The initial margin is $20,000 per contract and the maintenance margin is $15,000 per contract. A month after opening the position the futures price rises to $1,913 per barrel. What is the balance of the total margin account at the end of the month? (Assume that no margin call has occurred over this period and your answer should be to the nearest dollar, without the dollar sign.)
An investor has just entered 2 short palladium futures contracts at a futures price of $1,886 per troy ounce. The size of each contract is 100 troy ounces. Therefore, the answer is $331,800.
The initial margin is $20,000 per contract and the maintenance margin is $15,000 per contract. A month after opening the position the futures price rises to $1,913 per troy ounce. What is the balance of the total margin account at the end of the month? (Assume that no margin call has occurred over this period and your answer should be to the nearest dollar, without the dollar sign.)
When an investor enters 2 short palladium futures contracts at a futures price of $1,886 per troy ounce, the amount the investor received is `2*100*1886 = 377,200`.
For two futures contracts, the initial margin is $20,000 per contract and the total initial margin is $20,000 x 2 = $40,000.
The futures price then rose to $1,913 per troy ounce, for a loss of $27 per troy ounce and $2,700 per contract. The total loss is $2,700 x 2 = $5,400.
The balance of the total margin account at the end of the month is:377,200 - 5,400 - 40,000 = $331,800 (to the nearest dollar, without the dollar sign).
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On November 1, 2020, Pharoah Company adopted a stock-option plan that granted options to key executives to purchase 25,500 shares of the company's $9 par value common stock. The options were granted on January 2, 2021, and were exercisable 2 years after the date of grant if the grantee was still an employee of the company. The options expired 6 years from date of grant. The option price was set at $50, and the fair value option-pricing model determines the total compensation expense to be $382,500. All of the options were exercised during the year 2023: 17,000 on January 3 when the market price was $65, and 8,500 on May 1 when the market price was $76 a share. Prepare journal entries relating to the stock option plan for the years 2021, 2022, and 2023. Assume that the employee performs services equally in 2022 and 2023. (Credit account titles are automatically indented when amount is entered, Do not indent manually. If no entry is required, select "No Entry" for the account titles and enter 0 for the amounts. Round intermediate calculations to 5 decimal places, eg 1.24687 and final answers to O decimal places, e.g. 5,125.) Account Titles and Explanation Date Debit Credit Date Account Titles and Explanation Debit Credit ADL輯: 10:48 AM
The journal entries for the stock option plan for the years 2021, 2022, and 2023 are as follows 2021: No entry required. 2022: December 31, 2022: Stock Options Expense $95,625 and Stock Options Liability $95,625
Let's prepare the journal entries for the stock option plan for the years 2021, 2022, and 2023:
2021:
No entry is required in 2021 since the options were granted on January 2, 2021.
2022:
On December 31, 2022, Pharoah Company needs to recognize the compensation expense related to the stock options for the year. The total compensation expense is $382,500, which needs to be recognized over the vesting period, which is 4 years (2 years from the date of grant to the exercise date).
December 31, 2022:
Stock Options Expense $95,625
Stock Options Liability $95,625
The journal entry records the recognition of compensation expense for the stock options granted in 2021.
2023:
When the options are exercised, the company needs to record the issuance of common stock and the reduction in the stock options liability.
January 3, 2023:
Stock Options Liability $850,000
Common Stock ($9 par value) $153,000
Additional Paid-in Capital - Stock Options $697,000
The journal entry records the exercise of 17,000 stock options on January 3, 2023, when the market price was $65.
May 1, 2023:
Stock Options Liability $425,000
Common Stock ($9 par value) $76,500
Additional Paid-in Capital - Stock Options $348,500
The journal entry records the exercise of 8,500 stock options on May 1, 2023, when the market price was $76.
Finally, to close the remaining stock options liability, we need to record the reversal of the liability and remove it from the books:
May 1, 2023:
Stock Options Liability $275,000
Stock Options Expense $275,000
The journal entry records the reversal of the remaining stock options liability since all options have been exercised.
That completes the journal entries for the stock option plan for the years 2021, 2022, and 2023.
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