132.2 g of MgSO₄ contains 4.392 moles of oxygen ions.
To determine the number of moles of oxygen atoms in 132.2 g of MgSO₄, we need to first calculate the number of moles of MgSO₄, and then use its chemical formula to determine the number of oxygen atoms present.
The molar mass of MgSO₄ can be calculated by adding the atomic masses of its constituent elements, which are 24.31 g/mol for Mg, 32.06 g/mol for S, and 4x16.00 g/mol for O, respectively. Therefore, the molar mass of MgSO₄ is:
molar mass of MgSO₄ = 24.31 + 32.06 + 4(16.00) = 120.37 g/mol
Next, we can calculate the number of moles of MgSO₄ in 132.2 g as follows:
moles of MgSO₄ = mass of MgSO₄ / molar mass of MgSO₄
moles of MgSO₄ = 132.2 g / 120.37 g/mol
moles of MgSO₄ = 1.098 mol
Finally, we can use the chemical formula of MgSO₄ to determine the number of moles of oxygen atoms present in 132.2 g of MgSO4. The formula of MgSO₄ indicates that there are four oxygen atoms per molecule of MgSO₄. Therefore, the number of moles of oxygen atoms in 132.2 g of MgSO₄ is:
moles of oxygen atoms = moles of MgSO₄ x 4
moles of oxygen atoms = 1.098 mol x 4
moles of oxygen atoms = 4.392 mol
Therefore, there are 4.392 moles of oxygen atoms in 132.2 g of MgSO₄
To learn more about moles refer to:
brainly.com/question/26416088
#SPJ4
1. how many milliliters of 0.246 m hno3 should be added to 213 ml of 0.006 66 m 2,2'- bipyridine (pka of its conjugate acid
We need to add approximately 36.5 mL of 0.246 M HNO3 to 213 mL of 0.00666 M 2,2'-bipyridine to lower the pH to around 4.0.
We can use the Henderson-Hasselbalch equation to calculate the amount of acid needed to reach a certain pH:
pH = pKa + log([base]/[acid])
where [base] and [acid] are the concentrations of the conjugate base and acid, respectively.
In this case, we want to add HNO3 to the 2,2'-bipyridine solution to reach a certain pH. We don't know the exact pH we want to achieve, but we can make an estimate based on the pKa of 2,2'-bipyridine. The pKa of the conjugate acid of 2,2'-bipyridine is around 4.8.
Let's say we want to lower the pH of the solution to around 4.0. We can use the Henderson-Hasselbalch equation to calculate the ratio of [base]/[acid] needed to achieve this:
4.0 = 4.8 + log([base]/[acid])
-0.8 = log([base]/[acid])
[base]/[acid] = 10^(-0.8) = 0.158
So we need the ratio of [base]/[acid] to be 0.158. Since we know the concentration of the base (2,2'-bipyridine) is 0.00666 M, we can calculate the concentration of the acid needed:
[acid] = [base]/0.158 = 0.00666 M / 0.158 = 0.0421 M
We also know the concentration of the HNO3 solution is 0.246 M. We can use the following equation to calculate the volume of HNO3 needed:
moles of HNO3 = volume of HNO3 (in L) x concentration of HNO3 (in M)
moles of HNO3 = volume of 2,2'-bipyridine solution (in L) x concentration of acid (in M)
Since we know the volume and concentration of the 2,2'-bipyridine solution, we can solve for the volume of HNO3:
moles of HNO3 = (213 mL / 1000 mL/L) * 0.0421 M = 0.00897 moles
volume of HNO3 = 0.00897 moles / 0.246 M = 0.0365 L
volume of HNO3 = 36.5 mL
So, we need to add approximately 36.5 mL of 0.246 M HNO3 to 213 mL of 0.00666 M 2,2'-bipyridine to lower the pH to around 4.0.
Learn more about pH on:
https://brainly.com/question/172153
#SPJ11
LESSON 1
Content Practice B
1
Position and Motion
Directions Complete these purphs by writing the correct terms on the lines. Some terms might be used more
you must first choose ain)
To describe an object's (1. )
(2. )
as a starting place. From there, you must specify the
in
(3. )
to the object and the (4. )
which it lies from the starting place. If you are giving directions to two objects located
it can sometimes
in different directions from the same (5. )
direction
be helpful to describe one object as being in the (6. )
direction
from that place and the other in the (7. )
An object is in (8. )
any time its
is changing. In most cases, such a change involves changes in
(10. )
and (11. )
from the starting
point. However, if an object returns to its starting point, its
(12. )
is zero, even though it might have traveled
Answer:
1. Motion
2. Position
3. Relation
4. Distance
5. Reference point
6. North
7. South
8. motion
9. Speed
10. Distance
11. Direction
12. displacement
(Please could you kindly mark my answer as brainliest you could also follow me so that you could easily reach out to me for any other questions)
2 NH3 + 3 CuO → 3 Cu + N2 + 3 H2O
In the above equation, how many grams of N2 can be made when 5.3 moles of CuO are consumed?
Round your answer to the nearest tenth. If you answer is a whole number like 4, report the answer as 4.0
Use the following molar masses. If you do not use these masses, the computer will mark your answer incorrect.:
Element Molar Mass
Hydrogen 1
Nitrogen 14
Copper 63.5
Oxygen 16
Question 2
S + 6 HNO3 → H2SO4 + 6 NO2 + 2 H2O
In the above equation, how many grams of water can be made when 19.5 moles of HNO3 are consumed?
Round your answer to the nearest tenth. If you answer is a whole number like 4, report the answer as 4.0
Use the following molar masses. If you do not use these masses, the computer will mark your answer incorrect.:
Element Molar Mass
Hydrogen 1
Nitrogen 14
Sulfur 32
Oxygen 16
Question 3
3 Cu + 8HNO3 → 3 Cu(NO3)2 + 2 NO + 4 H2O
In the above equation, how many grams of water can be made when 15.4 moles of HNO3 are consumed?
Round your answer to the nearest tenth. If you answer is a whole number like 4, report the answer as 4.0
Use the following molar masses. If you do not use these masses, the computer will mark your answer incorrect.:
Element Molar Mass
Hydrogen 1
Nitrogen 14
Copper 63.5
Oxygen 16
Question 4
For the reaction C + 2H2 → CH4, how many grams of carbon are required to produce 5.7 moles of methane, CH4 ?
Round your answer to the nearest tenth. If you answer is a whole number like 4, report the answer as 4.0
Use the following molar masses. If you do not use these masses, the computer will mark your answer incorrect.:
Element Molar Mass
Hydrogen 1
Carbon 12
Answer:
Explanation:
Question 1:
The balanced chemical equation is:
2 NH3 + 3 CuO → 3 Cu + N2 + 3 H2O
The molar ratio between CuO and N2 is 3:1, which means that for every 3 moles of CuO consumed, 1 mole of N2 is produced.
To find how many grams of N2 can be produced from 5.3 moles of CuO, we need to first calculate how many moles of N2 can be produced:
Moles of CuO = 5.3 mol CuO
Moles of N2 = Moles of CuO / 3 (from the molar ratio)
Moles of N2 = 5.3 mol CuO / 3 = 1.77 mol N2
Now we can use the molar mass of N2 to calculate the mass:
Molar mass of N2 = 14 g/mol
Mass of N2 = Moles of N2 x Molar mass of N2
Mass of N2 = 1.77 mol x 14 g/mol = 24.78 g
Rounded to the nearest tenth, the answer is 24.8 g of N2.
Therefore, 24.8 grams of N2 can be made when 5.3 moles of CuO are consumed.
Question 2:
The balanced chemical equation is:
S + 6 HNO3 → H2SO4 + 6 NO2 + 2 H2O
The molar ratio between HNO3 and H2O is 6:2, which means that for every 6 moles of HNO3 consumed, 2 moles of H2O are produced.
To find how many grams of H2O can be produced from 19.5 moles of HNO3, we need to first calculate how many moles of H2O can be produced:
Moles of HNO3 = 19.5 mol HNO3
Moles of H2O = Moles of HNO3 x 2/6 (from the molar ratio)
Moles of H2O = 19.5 mol HNO3 x 2/6 = 6.5 mol H2O
Now we can use the molar mass of H2O to calculate the mass:
Molar mass of H2O = 18 g/mol
Mass of H2O = Moles of H2O x Molar mass of H2O
Mass of H2O = 6.5 mol x 18 g/mol = 117 g
Rounded to the nearest tenth, the answer is 117.0 g of H2O.
Therefore, 117.0 grams of H2O can be made when 19.5 moles of HNO3 are consumed.
Question 3:
The balanced chemical equation is:
3 Cu + 8HNO3 → 3 Cu(NO3)2 + 2 NO + 4 H2O
The molar ratio between HNO3 and H2O is 8:4, which means that for every 8 moles of HNO3 consumed, 4 moles of H2O are produced.
To find how many grams of H2O can be produced from 15.4 moles of HNO3, we need to first calculate how many moles of H2O can be produced:
Moles of HNO3 = 15.4 mol HNO3
Moles of H2O = Moles of HNO3 x 4/8 (from the molar ratio)
Moles of H2O = 15.4 mol
What is the oxidation number of the monatomic ions of the following elements?
a. Cs
b. Ba
c. As
d. Sr
e. Rb
The oxidation number of the monatomic ions of the following elements are a. Cs (cesium): +1, b. Ba (barium): +2, c. As (arsenic): -3, d. Sr (strontium): +2, e. Rb (rubidium): +1.
The oxidation number of the monatomic ions of cesium, barium, arsenic, strontium, and rubidium are +1, +2, -3, +2, and +1, respectively. Below is an explanation of how the oxidation number of each element was obtained.
Oxidation state refers to the oxidation number of an atom, which indicates its state of oxidation or reduction in a chemical reaction. The oxidation state can be determined by adding up the valence electrons of an atom in its neutral state and subtracting the valence electrons that it has either gained or lost in a compound.Cesium has one valence electron, which it gives up to form an ion with a charge of +1. Therefore, the oxidation number of Cs is +1.Barium has two valence electrons, which it gives up to form an ion with a charge of +2. Therefore, the oxidation number of Ba is +2.
Arsenic has five valence electrons, but it prefers to gain three electrons to complete its outer shell of eight electrons, resulting in a charge of -3. Therefore, the oxidation number of As is -3.Strontium has two valence electrons, which it gives up to form an ion with a charge of +2. Therefore, the oxidation number of Sr is +2.Rubidium has one valence electron, which it gives up to form an ion with a charge of +1. Therefore, the oxidation number of Rb is +1. So, the oxidation number of the monatomic ions of cesium, barium, arsenic, strontium, and rubidium are +1, +2, -3, +2, and +1, respectively. Below is an explanation of how the oxidation number of each element was obtained.
Learn more about oxidation number at:
https://brainly.com/question/3035498
#SPJ11
the following is a possible mechanism for a reaction involving hydrogen peroxide in aqueous solution; only a small amount of sodium bromide was added to the reaction mixture. h2o2 1 br2 bro2 1 h2o h2o2 1 bro2hbr2 1 h2o 1 o2 what is the overall reaction? what species is acting as a catalyst? are there any reaction intermediates?
The sodium bromide serves as a source of bromine radicals, which react with hydrogen peroxide to generate more radicals and eventually lead to the formation of molecular oxygen and bromine.
The intermediate hypobromous acid (HOBr) is also formed, which can react with hydrogen peroxide to produce HBrO2 and water, and then react with bromide ions to regenerate bromine radical and complete the catalytic cycle.
The overall reaction can be written as:
2 H2O2 + 2 Br- → 2 H2O + Br2 + 2 O2
In this reaction, sodium bromide (NaBr) is acting as a catalyst, as it is not consumed in the reaction and only a small amount is required to initiate the reaction.
The reaction intermediates are bromine radical (Br•) and hypobromous acid (HOBr), which are formed during the reaction:
H₂O₂+Br⁻ → HO₂+H₂O (slow)
HO₂+H₂O₂→H₂O+O₂+OH (fast)
OH + Br⁻ → HOBr (fast)
HOBr + H₂O₂ → HBrO₂ + H₂O (fast)
HBrO₂ + Br⁻ → Br2 + HO₂⁻ + H2O (fast)
Click the below link, to learn more about Catalyst and properties:
https://brainly.com/question/5482042
#SPJ11
during the light-dependent reactions, electron transport leads to the thylakoid space becomes:
During the light-dependent reactions, electron transport leads to the thylakoid space becoming more positively charged.
Light-dependent reactions are a series of biochemical reactions that occur in the thylakoid membranes of chloroplasts during photosynthesis. These reactions transform light energy into chemical energy in the form of ATP and NADPH, which can then be utilized by the Calvin cycle to convert carbon dioxide into glucose.The space within the thylakoid membranes of chloroplasts is known as the thylakoid space. This space, which is surrounded by the thylakoid membrane, is separated from the stroma of the chloroplasts by the thylakoid membrane. The thylakoid space is where the light-dependent reactions of photosynthesis take place.
During electron transport, electrons are passed from one electron carrier to another. These electron carriers are located in the thylakoid membrane of chloroplasts. When electrons are passed from one carrier to another, they lose energy, which is used to transport hydrogen ions (protons) from the stroma of the chloroplasts to the thylakoid space. This movement of protons from the stroma to the thylakoid space causes the thylakoid space to become more positively charged. This creates an electrochemical gradient, which is used by ATP synthase to produce ATP from ADP and phosphate ions. Therefore, electron transport leads to the thylakoid space becoming more positively charged.
More on light-dependent reactions: https://brainly.com/question/477158
#SPJ11
why do covalent bonds form? i. because atoms want to share electrons. ii. because electrons from one atom are attracted to the nucleus of another atom. iii. because atoms want an octet of electrons around them. iv. because the formation of a bond results in a stable system that would require the input of energy to change.
Answer:
For Covelent bonds to form there has to be 2 non-metal
Explanation:
So it's 3 because it needs a octet electron around them
Which is denser, one cup of water or 6 cups of water?
Answer:
water has the same amount of density no matter the amount
Explanation:
explain the impact of resource distribution including examples of population distribution, human migration and trade
Answer:
Resource distribution plays a significant role in shaping the world we live in. Uneven distribution of resources such as food, water, energy, and raw materials can lead to various consequences such as population distribution, human migration, and trade.
Population distribution: The uneven distribution of resources can lead to the unequal distribution of people. People tend to settle in areas where resources are abundant, such as near water sources, fertile land, and mineral-rich regions. For example, many coastal cities have high population density due to easy access to water, fishing, and shipping opportunities. On the other hand, areas with scarce resources such as deserts, mountains, and polar regions have lower population density.
Human migration: Resource distribution is also a significant factor that drives human migration. People move from one place to another in search of better opportunities, such as jobs, education, and a better quality of life. For instance, rural people may migrate to urban areas in search of jobs, while people in resource-poor regions may migrate to resource-rich areas to improve their livelihoods. Climate change and natural disasters may also cause migration, such as people moving from drought-affected regions to regions with better water availability.
Trade: The distribution of resources also affects trade between regions and countries. Countries with abundant natural resources such as oil, gas, and minerals can export them to other countries, generating revenue and creating jobs. On the other hand, countries with scarce resources may import them from other countries, creating trade relationships. Trade allows countries to specialize in producing goods and services in which they have a comparative advantage and trade them for goods and services they do not produce efficiently.
In conclusion, the distribution of resources has a significant impact on various aspects of our lives, including population distribution, human migration, and trade. Unequal distribution of resources can lead to inequality and conflict, while a balanced distribution can promote economic growth and stability.
(Please could you kindly mark my answer as brainliest you could also follow me so that you could easily reach out to me for any other questions)
what type of orbitals overlap to form the n-h bond in nh3?
The sp3 hybrid orbitals of the N atom overlap with the 1s atomic orbitals of the H atoms to form the N-H sigma bonds in NH3.
In NH3, the N atom uses its sp3 hybrid orbitals to form covalent bonds with three hydrogen atoms. The sp3 hybrid orbitals of the N atom overlap with the 1s atomic orbitals of the H atoms to form four N-H sigma (σ) bonds.
Each of the sp3 hybrid orbitals of the N atom has one lobe that is larger than the other. The larger lobe contains more electron density and overlaps with the 1s orbital of the H atom to form the N-H sigma bond. The smaller lobe of the sp3 hybrid orbital contains less electron density and overlaps with other orbitals or lone pairs of electrons on the N atom.
Therefore, the sp3 hybrid orbitals of the N atom overlap with the 1s atomic orbitals of the H atoms to form the N-H sigma bonds in NH3.
To know more about sigma bonds, visit: brainly.com/question/30000552
#SPJ4
True or false binary ionic compounds are composed of metals and nonmetals typically from opposite sides of the periodic table
Answer:
True
Explanation:
In general, metals are located on the left of the periodic table. Nonmetals are on the right. This means that they are on opposite sides. So the answer is True.
what is the ph of a solution made by mixing 10.0 ml of 1.0 m hcl with 10.0 ml of 2.0 m naoh at 25 oc?
The pH of the solution made by 10 ml of 1 M HCl with 10 ml of 2 M NaOH is 1.3.
As we know, pH = -log [H⁺], so it is clear that we have to find [H⁺] in order to find pH.
Balanced chemical equation is given as,
HCl + NaOH → H₂O + NaCl
Moles HCl present = 10 ml x 1 L/1000 ml x 0.10 mol/L = 0.001 moles HCl
Moles NaOH present = 10 ml x 1 L/1000 ml x 0.20 mol/L = 0.002 moles NaOH
Moles HCl left over after reaction with NaOH = 0.001 - 0.002 = -0.001 moles HCl = -0.001 moles H⁺
Final volume of solution = 10 ml + 10 ml = 20 ml = 0.02 L
[H⁺] = -0.001 moles / 0.02 L = -0.05 M
pH = -log (-0.05)
pH = 1.3
Learn more about pH from the link given below.
https://brainly.com/question/15289741
#SPJ4
How many electrons in an atom can have the following designations?a. 5dz2.b. 1d.c. 5d.d. 7p.e. 6d.f. n=3.
a. The 5d sublevel has a total of 10 orbitals, each orbital can hold 2 electrons, therefore the 5dz2 orbital can hold a maximum of 2 electrons.
b. The 1d sublevel does not exist, as "d" orbitals start from the second energy level. So, there cannot be any electrons in the 1d designation.
c. The 5d sublevel has a total of 10 orbitals, each orbital can hold 2 electrons, therefore the 5d sublevel can hold a maximum of 20 electrons.
d. The 7p sublevel has a total of 7 orbitals, each orbital can hold 2 electrons, therefore the 7p sublevel can hold a maximum of 14 electrons.
e. The 6d sublevel has a total of 10 orbitals, each orbital can hold 2 electrons, therefore the 6d sublevel can hold a maximum of 20 electrons.
f. The n=3 energy level contains three sublevels: 3s, 3p, and 3d. The 3s sublevel has 1 orbital and can hold a maximum of 2 electrons, the 3p sublevel has 3 orbitals and can hold a maximum of 6 electrons, and the 3d sublevel has 5 orbitals and can hold a maximum of 10 electrons. Therefore, the n=3 energy level can hold a maximum of 18 electrons.
To know more about electrons, visit: brainly.com/question/1255220
#SPJ4
a 2.00 l bottle of a solution of concentrated hcl was purchased for the general chemistry laboratory. the solution contained 868.8 g of hcl. what is the molarity of the solution?
The Molarity of the solution is 11.9M.
Molarity of the solution is defined as the number of moles of solute per unit volume of solution in liters. The molarity of the solution can be determined by dividing the number of moles of the solute by the volume of the solution in liters.
The formula for molarity is as follows: Molarity (M) = Moles of solute / Volume of solution in liters Moles of HCl present in the solution = (mass of solute) / (molar mass of solute)Molar mass of HCl = 1(atomic mass of H) + 35.5(atomic mass of Cl) = 36.5 g/mol Moles of HCl = 868.8 g / 36.5 g/mol = 23.8 mol Molarity of HCl solution = Moles of HCl / Volume of solution= 23.8 mol / 2.00 L = 11.9 M The molarity of the solution is 11.9 M (Molar).Hence, the solution was 11.9 M HCl.
for more such questions on Molarity.
https://brainly.com/question/31102499
#SPJ11
omg help please........................
The positive attributes are;
The experiment was repeated to decrease the error margin
There is a control to establish the validity of the study.
How do you improve an experiment to determine the time taken for ice to dissolve when sprayed with salt?To improve an experiment to determine the time taken for ice to dissolve when sprayed with salt, you could consider the following:
Increase the sample size: Conduct the experiment on a larger sample size to increase the accuracy of the results.
Minimize external factors: Minimize external factors that may affect the experiment, such as temperature, humidity, and air flow, to ensure that the results are accurate and consistent.
Use a better timer: Use a timer to record the time taken for the ice to dissolve completely.
Learn more about experiment:https://brainly.com/question/30055326
#SPJ1
Determine whether each statement is a description of a physical property or a chemical property
Physical properties can be viewed with the senses or assessed without causing harm to the thing. Physical qualities include things like colour, size, mass, length, volume, specific heat, and odour.
Which of the following best depicts physical or chemical properties?Chemical properties include things like the ability to combine with hydrogen to create a gas. How such an element or molecule interacts with the other substances or components is referred to as its chemical characteristics. The distribution of electrons within an atom changes throughout a chemical process.
What are five examples of chemical properties?Flammability, volatility, acidity, reactivity (of various kinds), and heat of combustion are a few examples of chemical qualities. Rust, for instance, is created when iron and oxygen interact inside the presence of water; chromium does not oxidise ([link]).
To know more about mass visit:
https://brainly.com/question/15959704
#SPJ1
which of the following reactions of alkenes takes place with syn stereospecificity? question 10 options: addition of bromine (treatment with br2) hydrogenation (treatment with h2/pt) addition of hbr (treatment with hbr) acid-catalyzed hydration (treatment with aqueous h2so4)
The following reactions of alkenes take place with syn stereospecificity: Addition of bromine (treatment with Br₂) and hydrogenation (treatment with H₂/Pt).
Syn stereospecificity is a term used in organic chemistry to describe the stereochemistry of a reaction where two substituents are added to a molecule on the same side of a double bond. This is also known as syn addition which occurs in certain addition reactions of alkenes. There are several reactions of alkenes that occur with syn stereospecificity. These include the addition of bromine (treatment with Br₂) and hydrogenation (treatment with H₂/Pt). In both of these reactions, the two substituents are added to the same side of the double bond, resulting in syn addition.
On the other hand, addition of HBr (treatment with HBr) and acid-catalyzed hydration (treatment with aqueous H₂SO₄) occur with anti-stereospecificity, meaning the substituents are added to opposite sides of the double bond, resulting in anti-addition.
Learn more about "Alkenes": https://brainly.com/question/27310939
#SPJ11
if a chemist calculates the maximum amount of product that could be obtained in a chemical reaction, he or she is calculating the____
Answer: theroretical yield
Explanation:If a chemist calculates the maximum amount of product that could be obtained in a chemical reaction, he or she is calculating the... theroretical yield.
Answer:
theroretical yield
Explanation:
What volume of 1.0 M sodium phosphate, to the nearest tenth of a liter, must be used to make 4.0 L of 0.80 M sodium phosphate?
answer choices
0.2 L
1.2 L
2.2 L
3.2 L
The volume of the 1.0 M sodium phosphate must be used to make 4.0 L of 0.80 M sodium phosphate is 3.2 L which is determined by dilution formula. So, option (d) is correct.
Dilution is defined as the process of decreasing the concentration of a solute in a solution simply by mixing with more solvent like adding more water to the solution. To dilute a solution means to add more solvent without the addition of more solute to the solution. It can be calculated by using the dilution formula.
Dilution formula for the stock solution can be expressed as ,
M1V1 = M2V2
Here, M1 is the concentration of the stock solution, V1 is the volume of the stock solution, M2 is the concentration of the new solution and V2 is the volume of the new solution.
Putting all the values we get,
1 M x V1 = 0.80 M x 4 L
V1 = 3.2 L
To learn more about Dilution formula
https://brainly.com/question/7208939
#SPJ4
The complete question is,
What volume of 1.0 M sodium phosphate, to the nearest tenth of a liter, must be used to make 4.0 L of 0.80 M sodium phosphate?
answer choices
a. 0.2 L
b. 1.2 L
c. 2.2 L
d. 3.2 L
kyle is flying his new airplane. it flew 465 centimeters. how many meters did the plane fly
Answer:
4.65 meters
Explanation:
To convert 465 cm to m, you would need to divide 465 by 100, which equals 4.65 m.
14.
13,
(viii) Calcium chloride is unsuitable for drying ethanol as the ethanol bonds to the calcium
chloride using a co-ordinate bond.
State what is meant by the term co-ordinate bond.
(a) Describe briefly the essential features of a covalent bond. Explain why covalent
compounds generally have low melting temperatures, despite covalent bonds being
[4]
strong.
Answer:
A coordinate bond, also known as a dative bond, is a type of covalent bond in which both electrons in the bond are donated by one atom. This is different from a typical covalent bond, where both atoms contribute one electron each. In a coordinate bond, the atom donating both electrons is called the donor or Lewis base, while the atom receiving the electrons is called the acceptor or Lewis acid.
Essential features of a covalent bond include the sharing of electrons between two atoms in order to achieve a more stable electron configuration. In a covalent bond, atoms with similar electronegativities share their valence electrons in order to satisfy the octet rule, where atoms strive to have eight valence electrons in their outermost shell. Covalent compounds generally have low melting temperatures despite covalent bonds being strong because the intermolecular forces between the molecules in a covalent compound are weak. These intermolecular forces are primarily London dispersion forces, which are weak attractions between temporary dipoles in molecules. Since these forces are relatively weak, it takes less energy to break them and melt or boil the compound, even though the covalent bonds holding the atoms within each molecule together are strong
The graph shows the distribution of energy in the particles of two gas samples at different temperatures, T1 and T2. A, B, and C represent individual particles.
Based on the graph, which of the following statements is likely to be true?
A. Particle B is more likely to participate in the reaction than particle A.
B. Particle C is more likely to participate in the reaction than particle B.
C. Most of the gas particles have either very high or very low kinetic energies.
D. More gas particles participate in the reaction at T2 than at T1.
Explanation:
The graph shows the distribution of energy in the particles of two gas samples at different temperatures, T1 and T2. A, B, and C represent individual particles.
Based on the graph, which of the following statements is likely to be true?
A. Particle B is more likely to participate in the reaction than particle A.
B. Particle C is more likely to participate in the reaction than particle B.
C. Most of the gas particles have either very high or very low kinetic energies.
D. More gas particles participate in the reaction at T2 than at T1.the equilibrium position of a reaction requires certain environmental variables to remain constant. these variables are
The equilibrium position of a chemical reaction is determined by the balance between the rates of the forward and reverse reactions. This position is governed by a set of equilibrium constants, which are dependent on various environmental variables. In order for the equilibrium position to remain constant, these variables must also remain constant.
The key environmental variables that must remain constant include temperature, pressure, and concentration of reactants and products. Any change in these variables can shift the equilibrium position and alter the concentrations of reactants and products in the system.
Temperature is a crucial variable because the equilibrium constant is temperature-dependent. A change in temperature can cause the reaction to shift in either the forward or reverse direction, depending on whether the reaction is exothermic or endothermic.
Pressure also affects the equilibrium position for reactions involving gases. Changes in pressure can alter the concentrations of gases and shift the equilibrium position in favor of the side with fewer moles of gas.
Finally, the concentration of reactants and products also affects the equilibrium position. Altering the concentration of one of the species can shift the equilibrium position towards the side with lower concentration.
In summary, to maintain a constant equilibrium position, it is important to maintain constant values of temperature, pressure, and concentrations of reactants and products.
To learn more about equilibrium refer to:
brainly.com/question/29359391
#SPJ4
enough of a monoprotic acid is dissolved in water to produce a 1.64 m solution. the ph of the resulting solution is 2.95 . calculate the ka for the acid.
The monoprotic acid in the water produces a 1.64 M solution, and the pH of the resulting solution is 2.95. We must determine the Ka of the acid.
So, let's get started. Calculate Ka using the pH value: Ka can be calculated using the given pH value by using the following formula: pH = -log10 [H+], therefore [H+] = 10 -pH.For a monoprotic acid, we can say that the [H+] concentration equals the [A-] concentration. So, at equilibrium: Ka = [H+]^2/[A-]where, [H+] is the concentration of the hydronium ion, and [A-] is the concentration of the acid.
Then, we calculate the Ka for the acid in the solution as follows:[H+] = 10^-2.95 = 6.31 x 10^-3 [M]Hence, we get the Ka of the acid as shown below: Ka = [H+]^2/[A-] = (6.31 x 10^-3)^2/(1.64 - 6.31 x 10^-3)Ka = 2.58 x 10^-4Thus, the Ka for the acid is 2.58 x 10^-4.
Learn more about ka for the acid at: brainly.com/question/13058961
#SPJ11
calculate the volume of 6.0 m hydrochloric acid solution that is needed to prepare 500 ml of a 10m hydrochloric solution
The volume of 6.0 m hydrochloric acid solution that is needed to prepare 500 ml of a 10m hydrochloric solution is 830 ml.
Hydrochloric acid (HCl) is a colorless, corrosive, and pungent gas with a formula of HCl. It is a compound of hydrogen and chlorine. Hydrochloric acid has a wide range of applications, including the production of plastics, dyes, and fertilizers, as well as in the manufacture of rubber and textiles.
To calculate the volume of 6.0 m hydrochloric acid solution required to prepare 500 ml of a 10m hydrochloric acid solution, we need to use the equation:
M1V1 = M2V2
Where M1 is the initial concentration, V1 is the initial volume, M2 is the final concentration, and V2 is the final volume.
We will first calculate the amount of HCl present in the 10m hydrochloric acid solution:
M2 = 10m
V2 = 500 ml = 0.5 L
n = M2 x V2
n = 10m x 0.5 L
n = 5 moles
The quantity of HCl required to produce a 10m solution is 5 moles.
Now, we will use the above equation to determine the volume of the 6.0 m hydrochloric acid solution required to make a 10m hydrochloric acid solution:
M1 = 6.0 m
M2 = 10m
V2 = 0.5 L
M1V1 = M2V2
6.0 m x V1 = 10m x 0.5 L
V1 = (10m x 0.5 L) / 6.0 m
V1 = 0.83 L or 830 ml
Thus, 830 ml of 6.0 m hydrochloric acid solution is needed to prepare 500 ml of 10m hydrochloric acid solution.
For more such questions on Volume.
https://brainly.com/question/30737458#
#SPJ11
Determine the mass of CO2 gas that has a volume of 7.10 L at a pressure of 1.11 atm and a temperature of 31.0°C.
Answer: 14.11 g
Explanation:
Ideal gas law
We will use the ideal gas law for this problem:
[tex]PV=nRT[/tex]
We know V, which is 7.10
P is 1.11 atm
and T is 31.0 C, or 305 K
R will be 0.08206 L*atm/mol*k, since we are dealing with atmospheres for our pressure.
Now, we just need to solve for n, moles
[tex]1.11*7.10=n*0.08206*305\\n=0.321[/tex]
We have 0.321 moles of CO2
Convert to g
The molar mass of CO2 is 44.01 g/mol, so we multiply 44.01 g/mol by 0.321 moles to cancel out the moles and get grams.
[tex]\frac{44.01g}{mol} *0.321mol=14.11 g[/tex]
two units of measurement for energy are calories and joules. the measurement of 32.3 kj is the same amount of energy as ___________.
It is given that calories and joules are two kinds of units of measurement of energy, then 32.3kj is equivalent to 7719calories.
Heat energy is the energy that is transferred from one object to another due to a difference in temperature. Heat energy is measured in joules (J). Joules and calories are both units of energy. A joule is the SI (International System of Units) unit of energy, while a calorie is a unit of energy used in the imperial system.
A joule is a measure of energy that is equal to the energy expended in applying a force of one newton to a body that is moving one meter in the direction of the force. A calorie is a unit of energy that is equal to the amount of energy needed to raise the temperature of one gram of water by one degree Celsius.
1 calorie is = 4.184 joules.
Then 32.3kj is equal to:
[tex]32.3 * 10^3/4.184 = 7719calories[/tex]
To learn more about joules click here https://brainly.com/question/2157317
#SPJ1
pah is an acronym for polycyclic aromatic hydrogen
The given statement "PAH is an acronym for polycyclic aromatic hydrogen" is true because it is the Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons.
The Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons that is the (PAHs) are the class of the chemicals that will occur naturally in the coal, crude oil, and the gasoline. They will result from the burning coal, oil, gas, the wood, the garbage, and the tobacco. The PAHs can be bind to or form the small particles in the air.
These compounds are the range from the simple two ring compounds such as the naphthalene and the its derivatives to the more intricate ring structures with the up to the 10 rings.
To learn more about polycyclic aromatic here
https://brainly.com/question/15060847
#SPJ4
Ions are formed by electron loss or gain. The electron distribution Of a magnesium
atom is 2 + 8 + 2 and of a nitrogen atom is 2 + 5.
(i) Give the formula of the magnesium ion.
(ii) Give the formula Of the nitride ion.
One end of a metal rod is placed over a flame during an investigation. A thermometer is touching the opposite end of the metal rod. Which BEST describes what is happening during this investigation?
answer choices
Convection carries heat to the thermometer.
Radiant energy warms the thermometer.
Mechanical energy from the flame carries heat to the thermometer.
Heat from the flame is conducted through the metal rod to the thermometer.
Answer:
A) Convention carries heat to the thermometer
Explanation:
Since convention is the process of heat transfer by the bulk movement of molecules, heat will be transfered to the thermometer from the heating end to the other end.
Hope you understand
kindly mark the answer brainliest
Thank you