how the pollution affected our planet​

Answers

Answer 1
Air pollution can damage crops and trees in a variety of ways. Ground-level ozone can lead to reductions in agricultural crop and commercial forest yields, reduced growth and survivability of tree seedlings, and increased plant susceptibility to disease, pests and other environmental stresses

Related Questions

When your food gets colder while eating, what type of reaction is it?
radioactive
chemical
mechanical
physical

Answers

Explanation:

it will be physical feeling cold after eating maybe related to the type of food you're eating even your diet that said extreme body chills your body is directing its energy and relativism and digesting the food you just saying bottom line feeling cold after eating is normal once in a while in some cases it might be a system of medical condition like diabetes or kidney disease

Dugongs are animals that live in the ocean and eat underwater grasses. The sun is shining on the shallow ocean water where the grasses and dugongs live. What is happening to the carbon in the water around the grasses and the dugongs? Is carbon moving into the water, moving out of the water, or both? Carbon is not moving into the water; it is only moving out of the water. With this information, there is no way to know for sure. Carbon is moving into the water and out of the water, at the same time. Carbon is only moving into the water; it is not moving out of the water

Answers

Both processes (photosynthesis and respiration) occur simultaneously, resulting in carbon moving into and out of the water around the grasses and dugongs.

Regarding the carbon in the water around the grasses and the dugongs, carbon is moving into the water and out of the water, at the same time. Here's a step-by-step explanation:

1. Photosynthesis: The underwater grasses, being plants, utilize sunlight for photosynthesis. During this process, they absorb carbon dioxide (CO₂) from the water and convert it into carbohydrates, thereby taking in carbon.

2. Respiration: Both the underwater grasses and the dugongs perform cellular respiration. In this process, they consume carbohydrates and release carbon dioxide back into the water, contributing to the movement of carbon out of the water.

So, both processes (photosynthesis and respiration) occur simultaneously, resulting in carbon moving into and out of the water around the grasses and dugongs.

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Which substance is always produced in the reaction between hydrochloric acid and sodium hydroxide.

Answers

The reaction between hydrochloric acid ([tex]HCl[/tex]) and sodium hydroxide ([tex]NaOH[/tex]) is a classic example of an acid-base neutralization reaction. In this reaction, the hydrogen ions ([tex]H+[/tex]) in the acid react with the hydroxide ions ([tex]OH-[/tex]) in the base to form water ([tex]H2O[/tex]) and a salt, which in this case is sodium chloride ([tex]NaCl[/tex]).

The balanced chemical equation for the reaction is:

[tex]HCl(aq) + NaOH(aq) → NaCl(aq) + H2O(l)[/tex]

So, the substance that is always produced in the reaction between hydrochloric acid and sodium hydroxide is water and a salt, which is sodium chloride. This reaction is exothermic and the heat released during the reaction can be used to increase the temperature of the solution.

This reaction is widely used in the chemical industry for various applications such as neutralizing acidic waste, producing table salt, and in the production of soap and detergents.

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Describe the bonding you would expect to find in a coin made out of copper?

Answers

The bonding you would expect to find in a coin made out of copper is metallic bonding.

Metallic bonding is the strong attraction between positively charged metal ions and the surrounding delocalized electrons in a metallic lattice. Copper is a metal and its atoms are closely packed together, forming a lattice structure. In the case of a copper coin, copper atoms lose their outermost electrons to form positively charged copper ions (Cu⁺), which are then held together by the delocalized electrons that move freely throughout the metal lattice. This type of bonding gives copper its characteristic properties such as electrical conductivity, malleability, and ductility making it an ideal material for coinage.

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!!!9POINTS!!!!! Based on the activity series, which of the reactions will occur?

Answers

The reactions that will occur for each activity series include:

A. Mg + NaNO₃ → will occur since Mg is more reactive than Na.B. AI+NISO₄→ will not occur since aluminum is less reactive than nickel.C. Zn + NaNO₃ - will occur since zinc is more reactive than sodium.D. Sn+ Zn(NO₃)₂ → will not occur since tin is less reactive than zinc.

What are reactive metals?

Reactive metals are metals that easily undergo chemical reactions with other substances, particularly with acids and water, to form new compounds. These metals are usually found in the lower part of the activity series, which means they have a high tendency to lose electrons and form cations.

Examples of reactive metals include alkali metals (such as lithium, sodium, and potassium) and alkaline earth metals (such as calcium and magnesium).

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Image trancribed:

Based on the activity series, which of the reactions will occur?

Least Reactive

Most Reactive Li Na K Mg Al Zn Fe Ni Sn Pb H Cu Ag Pt F₂ Cl₂ Br₂ I₂

Hint: Is the metal element more reactive than the metal ion in the compound?

A. Mg + NaNO3 →

B. AI+NISO4→

C. Zn + NaNO3 -

D. Sn+ Zn(NO3)2 →

Answer:A. Mg + NaNO₃ →

Explanation:

will occur since Mg is more reactive than Na.

It’s due tomorrow and I don’t know how to do it.

Answers

use the app poe , it’ll give you the answers

Complete and balance the molecular equation for the reaction between aqueous solutions of lithium fluoride and potassium chloride, and use the states of matter to show if a precipitate forms.


Write the complete ionic equation for the reaction that takes place when aqueous solutions of lithium fluoride and potassium chloride are mixed

Answers

The net ionic equation shows that no new compounds are formed, and no reaction occurs between the two aqueous solutions.

The balanced molecular equation for the reaction between aqueous solutions of lithium fluoride (LiF) and potassium chloride (KCl) is:

LiF(aq) + KCl(aq) → LiCl(aq) + KF(aq)

According to the solubility rules, both LiCl and KF are soluble in water, so no precipitate will form.

The complete ionic equation for the reaction is:

Li⁺(aq) + F⁻(aq) + K⁺(aq) + Cl⁻(aq) → Li⁺(aq) + Cl⁻(aq) + K⁺(aq) + F⁻(aq)

In this equation, the soluble ionic compounds are shown as their dissociated ions in the aqueous solution. The spectator ions (Li⁺ and K⁺) do not participate in the reaction, so they are omitted from the net ionic equation:

F⁻(aq) + Cl⁻(aq) → no reaction

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Complete the word equation for making a salt. Metal oxide + → salt + water

Answers

Answer:

An acid

Explanation:

a metal oxide e.g NaOH +an acid e.g HCl=>salt e.g NaCl+water

A sample of neon gas exerts a pressure of 1. 18 atm when the temperature is


400 K. What pressure is produced when the temperature is raised to 600 K?

Answers

The pressure produced when the temperature is raised to 600 K is 1.77 atm.

The pressure of a gas is directly proportional to its temperature, according to the ideal gas law. This means that if the temperature of a gas increases, its pressure will increase proportionally, assuming that the volume and number of gas molecules remain constant.

In this problem, we are given the initial pressure of neon gas at 400 K, which is 1.18 atm. We need to find the pressure of the gas when the temperature is raised to 600 K.

To solve this problem, we can use the following formula:

P₂ = P₁ x (T₂/T₁)

where P₁ is the initial pressure, T₁ is the initial temperature, P₂ is the final pressure, and T₂ is the final temperature.

Substituting the given values, we get:

P₂ = 1.18 atm x (600 K/400 K)P₂ = 1.77 atm

Therefore, the pressure produced when the temperature is raised to 600 K is 1.77 atm. This means that the pressure of the neon gas increases by a factor of 1.5 when the temperature is increased from 400 K to 600 K.

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Perform the following


mathematical operation, and


report the answer to the


correct number of significant


figures.


3. 96 x 0. 1159 = [?]

Answers

11.1384 with 4 significant figures. The answer is rounded to the fourth significant figure because the number given in the equation, 0.1159, contains 4 significant figures.

What is figures?

Figures are visual images or representations used to convey information. They are often used in the sciences, mathematics, engineering, and other technical fields to convey complex data or ideas. Figures can also be used in literature, art, and other creative forms to illustrate stories or themes. Figures can be drawn, photographed, or computer-generated. They are often used to represent statistical information, such as graphs and charts, as well as to illustrate mathematical equations. In the arts, figures can be used to convey a narrative or express an emotion. For example, an artist may use a figure to express the beauty of a landscape or the sorrow of a particular situation. Figures are an effective way to communicate complex concepts and ideas in a concise and visually appealing way.

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<
Based on the texts, both authors would most likely agree with which
statement?
Choose 1 answer:
A
B
Sculpting representations of historical figures was a short-lived
trend.
Lewis's works are varied in the subjects they depict.
The Death of Cleopatra is Lewis's most famous piece.
Lewis's portrait busts have overshadowed her other work.

Answers

Based on the texts, both authors would most likely agree that Lewis's works are varied in the subjects they depict.

Option B is correct.

What are Lewis's works?

C. S. Lewis FBA has some notable works such as The Chronicles of Narnia, Mere Christianity The Allegory of Love, The Screwtape Letters, The Abolition of Man, The Space Trilogy Till We Have Faces Surprised by Joy: The Shape of My Early Life.

This statement indicates that Edmonia Lewis created works in a range of subjects, which is supported by her sculpting of both historical and contemporary figures, as well as mythological and biblical scenes.

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What is the molality of 653. grams of ethylene glycol C₂H6O2 in 500. mL of water?

Answers

The answer is 1.833kg
Hope this helps!

if you insert 2.75 grams of co how many grams of H2 are also used?

Answers

The mass of H₂ used in the reaction, given that 2.75 g of CO was inserted is 0.39 grams

How do i determine the mass of H₂ used?

The mass of H₂ used in the reaction can be obtained as illustrated below:

Balanced equation:

CO + 2H₂ -> CH₃OH

Molar mass of CO = 28 g/molMass of CO from the balanced equation = 1 × 28 = 28 g Molar mass of H₂ = 2 g/molMass of H₂ from the balanced equation = 2 × 2 = 4 g

From the balanced equation above,

28 grams of CO required 4 grams of H₂

Therefore,

2.75 grams of CO will require = (2.75 grams × 4 grams) / 28 grams = 0.39 grams of H₂

Thus, we can conclude that the mass of H₂ used in the reaction is 0.39 grams

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Which solubility curve on the right best represents the data table on the left?

Answers

A solubility curve is a graphical representation of the solubility of a substance in a specific solvent as a function of temperature.

The solubility is typically expressed in grams of solute per 100 grams of solvent. In order to answer the question of which solubility curve on the right best represents the data table on the left, we need to compare the solubility values in the data table with the solubility values on each of the curves.

We can see from the data table that the solubility of the substance increases with temperature, which is a common trend for most substances. As the temperature increases, the solvent molecules move faster, which allows more solute molecules to dissolve.

To compare the data table with the solubility curves, we need to look for the curve that shows an increase in solubility with increasing temperature. We can see that Curve A fits this description. The solubility values on Curve A increase as the temperature increases, just like the data table.

Therefore, we can conclude that Curve A best represents the data table on the left.

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The amount of energy needed to change a material from a liquid to a gas is the heat of:.

Answers

The amount of energy needed to change a material from a liquid to a gas is called the heat of vaporization. This is a specific type of enthalpy change that occurs when a substance changes phase from a liquid to a gas at a constant temperature and pressure.

The heat of vaporization is a measure of the amount of energy required to break the intermolecular forces holding the molecules in a liquid phase and transform them into a gas phase.

The heat of vaporization is an important physical property of a substance and is used in various fields, such as thermodynamics, chemical engineering, and material science, to understand the behavior and properties of substances in different states.

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A solution is 5 mM in each of the following ions:


number ion Ksp of M(OH)2


1 Mg2+ 1. 8e-11


2 Cd2+ 2. 5e-14


3 Co2+ 1. 6e-15


4 Zn2+ 4. 4e-17


5 Cu2+ 2. 2e-20


Indicate which of the metal ions would precipitate (or start to precipitate) at each of the following pH values. Indicate your answer with the number of the ion. Use 0 to indicate no precipitate. If more than one precipitate is expected, list the numbers in increasing order and separate them with commas. For example, 3,4,5 is ok but 5,4,3 is not.


pH = 6. 00: _______________? (1,2,3,4,5 list all that apply?)


pH = 8. 00: __________? (1,2,3,4,5 list all that apply?)


What is the pH to the nearest 0. 1 pH unit at which Cu(OH)2 begins to precipitate? pH = ______?

Answers

pH = 6.00: 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 will not precipitate.

pH = 8.00: 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 will not precipitate.

To determine the pH at which Cu(OH)₂ begins to precipitate, we need to calculate the hydroxide ion concentration at which the product of [Cu²⁺] and [OH⁻]² reaches the Ksp value of Cu(OH)₂ (2.2e⁻²⁰). At this point, Cu(OH)₂ will begin to precipitate. Thus, we have:

Ksp = [Cu²⁺][OH⁻]²2.2e⁻²⁰ = (5e⁻³ M)[OH⁻]²[OH⁻]² = 4.4e⁻¹⁷[OH⁻] = 2.1e⁻⁸ MpOH = -log[OH⁻] = -log(2.1e⁻⁸) = 7.68pH = 14 - pOH = 6.32 (rounded to the nearest 0.1 pH unit)

Therefore, Cu(OH)₂ begins to precipitate at a pH of 6.3.

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Many smoke detectors use americium-241 to detect very small particulates in the air. This is done by using a stream of radioactive


particles that can be stopped by the small smoke particulate. Which type of radiation is MOST LIKELY used in a smoke detector, as


it can be stopped by something this small?

Answers

The type of radiation most likely used in a smoke detector is alpha radiation.

Alpha radiation is used in smoke detectors because it can be easily stopped by small smoke particles. Americium-241, a radioactive element, emits alpha particles which ionize the air, creating a small electric current. When smoke enters the detector, it absorbs the alpha particles, disrupting the current and triggering the alarm.

Alpha radiation is ideal for this application as it has a low penetration power, meaning even small particulates like smoke can stop its travel, ensuring the detector's sensitivity to smoke. Additionally, alpha radiation poses a minimal risk to human health when contained properly within the device.

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A balloon with 0. 50 L of nitrogen is placed in a freezer at 273 K. What will the new


volume be if the temperature of the balloon is raised to 325 K when removed from the


freezer?

Answers

The new volume of the balloon at a temperature of 325 K is approximately 0.59 L.

We use the combined gas law to solve this problem, which relates the pressure, volume, and temperature of the gas;

P₁V₁/T₁ = P₂V₂/T₂

where P is pressure, V is volume, and T temperature.

We know the initial volume (V₁) is 0.50 L and the initial temperature (T₁) is 273 K. We also know that the pressure remains constant, so we can set P₁ = P₂. Finally, we need to find V₂, the new volume at a temperature of T₂ = 325 K.

Substituting these values into the equation, we get;

P₁V₁/T₁ = P₂V₂/T₂

P₁ (0.50 L)/(273 K) = P₂ V₂/(325 K)

Simplifying, we get;

V₂ = (P₁/P₂) × (T₂/T₁) × V₁

We don't know the pressure of the gas, but we know it remains constant, so we can cancel it out;

V₂ = (T₂/T₁) × V₁

Plugging in the numbers, we get:

V₂ = (325 K/273 K) × 0.50 L

V₂ = 0.59 L

Therefore, the new volume of the balloon is 0.59 L.

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4. if 10.0 moles of naoh are dissolved in water to make 250.0 l of solution, what is the molarity of the
solution?
5. if 80.0 moles of naoh are dissolved in water to make 1.00 liter of solution, what is the molarity of the
solution?
6. if you have 1.00 liter of a 1.0 m solution of nacl, how many moles of nacl were dissolved in the water to
make that solution?
7. if you have 1.0 liter of a 1.00 m solution of nacl, how many moles of nacl were dissolved in the water to
make that solution?
write complete sentences.
8. how would you make 100.0 l of 1.0 m naoh?

Answers

If 10.0 moles of NaOH are dissolved in water to make 250.0 l of solution, the molarity of the solution is 0.04 moles

Molarity is defined as the number of moles of solute present in 1 litre of a solution. It is denoted by M and the formula is represented as

Molarity = number of moles of solute/ volume of the solution in L

According to given data

Number of moles of solute = 10 moles

volume of the solution = 250 L

Therefore, molarity = 10 moles/250 L

molarity = 0.04 moles.

Thus, molarity of the solution is 0.04 moles.

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If you had a 32 gram sample of C-14 today, how much would remain in 10,470 years? Remember, the half-life is 5370 years

Answers

If we had a 32-gram sample of C-14 today, there would be 4 grams of C-14 remaining in 10,470 years.

The half-life of C-14 is 5370 years, which means that in 5370 years, half of the original sample of C-14 would decay. After another 5370 years, half of what remains would decay, and so on.

This can be modeled by the equation:

[tex]N = N_0(1/2)^{(t/T)[/tex]

Where:

N is the amount of C-14 remaining after time t

N₀ is the initial amount of C-14

T is the half-life of C-14

Using the given information, we can substitute N₀ = 32 g, T = 5370 years, and t = 10,470 years into the equation to find N:

[tex]N = 32 g \cdot (1/2)^{(\frac{10,470 years}{5370 years})[/tex]

N = 4 g

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If an alveolus with an initial volume of 3 ml of air with a total pressure of 760 mmhg decreases in volume to 2 ml, what would the new pressure be and in which direction would air flow? assume you are at sea level.

Answers

The new pressure be and in which direction would air flow is 1140 mmHg.

Using Boyle's law, we know that the pressure and volume of a gas are inversely proportional. Therefore, if the volume of the alveolus decreases from 3 ml to 2 ml, the pressure inside the alveolus will increase by a factor of 3/2 or 1.5 times. The new pressure inside the alveolus will be 760 mmHg x 1.5 = 1140 mmHg.

According to the principles of gas flow, air moves from an area of higher pressure to an area of lower pressure. Therefore, in this scenario, air would flow out of the alveolus since the pressure inside the alveolus (1140 mmHg) is now higher than the atmospheric pressure outside the body (760 mmHg).

It's important to note that this scenario assumes that all other factors affecting the pressure inside the alveolus, such as temperature and the number of gas molecules, remain constant.

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Identify three advantages to using the newer DART system and sensors in Figure


2 compared to the seismometers and coastal tide gauges previously used to


measure tsunami-related events Explain how each of these advantages can


improve predictions in accuracy and timing for future tsunami-related events.

Answers

The DART system and sensors have several advantages over seismometers and coastal tide gauges in measuring tsunami-related events. Three advantages are Real-time measurement, Wide coverage and High accuracy.

Real-time measurement: The DART system provides real-time measurements of the height and speed of waves in the open ocean, whereas seismometers and coastal tide gauges only measure the arrival time and amplitude of waves at a specific location. Real-time measurements allow for more accurate and timely predictions of tsunami-related events, enabling earlier warning and faster response times.

Wide coverage: The DART system covers a larger area than seismometers and coastal tide gauges, allowing for more comprehensive monitoring of oceanic waves. The wider coverage allows for more accurate prediction of the direction, speed, and strength of tsunamis, reducing the risk of false alarms and missed warnings.

High accuracy: The DART system is designed to measure the height and speed of waves with high accuracy, providing detailed information on the magnitude and severity of tsunamis. This level of accuracy can improve predictions by providing more precise estimates of the extent of damage and the areas at risk, enabling more effective disaster planning and response.

Overall, the DART system and sensors offer significant advantages over traditional seismometers and coastal tide gauges, providing more accurate and timely predictions of tsunami-related events, enabling faster response times, and reducing the risk of false alarms and missed warnings.

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In the "Liquid Oxygen" article, you read about how liquid oxygen is made and how it is needed to fuel rockets. The Universal Space Agency is planning to use liquid oxygen to fuel a rocket, carrying a new surface lander, to Titan. The launch window is short and needs to occur on a specific date or else the Universal Space Agency will need to wait for another year. But, there is a problem. The liquid oxygen machine is producing less liquid oxygen than normal. You have been asked to determine what is causing this problem

Answers

To identify the cause of the problem with the liquid oxygen machine's reduced production and help ensure the Universal Space Agency can successfully launch their rocket to Titan within the specified launch window.

In order to determine the cause of the problem with the liquid oxygen machine producing less liquid oxygen than normal for the Universal Space Agency's rocket carrying a new surface lander to Titan, you need to follow these steps:

1. Check the production process: Start by examining the process of making liquid oxygen, which involves cooling and compressing gaseous oxygen until it liquefies. Ensure that the cooling and compression systems are working efficiently.

2. Inspect the machinery: Thoroughly inspect the liquid oxygen machine for any signs of wear and tear, malfunctioning components, or any other issues that could be affecting its performance.

3. Monitor input gas quality: Make sure that the quality of the gaseous oxygen being used in the production process is up to standard, as impurities or low-quality gas can affect the efficiency of the liquid oxygen production.

4. Verify operating conditions: Confirm that the machine is operating under the correct temperature and pressure conditions, as deviations from the optimal settings can reduce the efficiency of the liquid oxygen production.

5. Analyze production data: Review historical production data and compare it to the current performance of the machine to identify any patterns or discrepancies that might indicate a problem.

By following these steps, you should be able to identify the cause of the problem with the liquid oxygen machine's reduced production and help ensure the Universal Space Agency can successfully launch their rocket to Titan within the specified launch window.

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KOH (aq) + H3PO4 (aq) → K3PO4 (aq) + H2O (l)

The above chemical reaction is an example of

A. Synthesis

B. Single replacement

C. Double replacement

D. Decomposition

Answers

C. Double Replacement. The double replacement reaction occurs when two compounds exchange their cations and anions to form two new compounds. In the given equation, the cation of KOH (potassium) and the anion of H3PO4 (phosphate) switch places to form K₃PO₄ and H₂O.

What is compound?

Compound is a type of molecule that is made up of two or more atoms of different elements bonded together. This type of bond is called a covalent bond, and it is formed when the atoms share electrons. Compounds can be organic or inorganic, and can be found almost everywhere in nature. Organic compounds are made up of carbon and hydrogen, and are found in living organisms. Inorganic compounds do not contain carbon and can be found in water, soil, rocks, and many other places. Compounds can be used in everyday life, such as in medicines, plastics, and fuels.

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Fill in the blank with the correct word or phrase. Darwin proposed a new theory of how evolution works, which he called (za blank fill zis in)

Answers

Darwin proposed a new theory of how evolution works, which he called "natural selection."

This theory suggests that the species that are best adapted to their environment are more likely to survive and reproduce, passing on their advantageous traits to their offspring. Over time, these advantageous traits become more common in the population, leading to the evolution of new species.

Darwin's theory of natural selection was a revolutionary idea that challenged traditional beliefs about the origin and diversity of life on Earth. Today, it is widely accepted as the mechanism that drives evolution, and has been supported by numerous scientific studies and observations.

Darwin's work continues to inspire new research and discoveries in the field of evolutionary biology, and his legacy as one of the most influential scientists in history remains strong to this day.

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what reactions take place during the electrolysis of water? group of answer choices hydrogen is reduced; oxygen is oxidized oxygen is reduced; hydrogen is oxidized. oxygen gas is reduced; water is oxidized. water is reduced; oxygen gas is oxidized. both oxygen and hydrogen are oxidized and reduced.\

Answers

The electrolysis of water involves the passage of an electric current through water, which leads to the splitting of water molecules into their constituent elements, hydrogen and oxygen. The correct answer is (a)

This process occurs through two simultaneous half-reactions at the cathode and anode of the electrolysis cell.

At the cathode, hydrogen ions (H+) are reduced to hydrogen gas (H2) as they gain electrons from the electrode: [tex]2H+ + 2e-[/tex]→ [tex]H2[/tex]

At the anode, water molecules (H2O) are oxidized to oxygen gas (O2) and positively charged hydrogen ions (H+):  [tex]2H2O[/tex]→ [tex]O2 + 4H+ + 4e-[/tex]

Therefore, the correct answer is (a) hydrogen is reduced; oxygen is oxidized. During the electrolysis of water, hydrogen is reduced at the cathode, while oxygen is oxidized at the anode.

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--The complete question is, what reactions take place during the electrolysis of water?

group of answer choices

a.  hydrogen is reduced; oxygen is oxidized

b. oxygen is reduced; hydrogen is oxidized

c. . oxygen gas is reduced; water is oxidized.

d.  water is reduced; oxygen gas is oxidized.

e. both oxygen and hydrogen are oxidized and reduced.--

how can you determine the number of valence electrons in a atom of a representative element?

Answers

Answer:To determine the number of valence electrons in an atom of a representative element, you can look at its position on the periodic table. Representative elements are also known as the main group elements and are located in groups 1-2 and 13-18 of the periodic table.

The number of valence electrons in an atom of a representative element is equal to the group number. For example, the elements in group 1 (also known as the alkali metals) have 1 valence electron, while the elements in group 2 (the alkaline earth metals) have 2 valence electrons. The elements in group 13 (the boron group) have 3 valence electrons, and so on, up to group 18 (the noble gases), which have a full set of 8 valence electrons (except for helium, which has only 2).

For example, let's consider the element sodium (Na), which is in group 1. Sodium has 1 valence electron because it is in group 1. Similarly, the element carbon (C), which is in group 14, has 4 valence electrons because it is in group 14.

Knowing the number of valence electrons in an atom is important because it helps to determine the chemical properties and reactivity of the element. Atoms with the same number of valence electrons tend to have similar chemical properties and can form similar types of chemical bonds.

Explanation:

It goes by the group number

A solution contains 1.49×10-2 M potassium chromate and 1.04×10-2 M ammonium phosphate.
Solid barium acetate is added slowly to this mixture.
A. What is the formula of the substance that precipitates first?
formula =______ B. What is the concentration of barium ion when this precipitation first begins?
[Ba2+] =__________ M

Answers

the concentration of barium ion when precipitation begins is approximately 3x =


3(7.93 × 10^-9 M) = 2.38 × 10^-8 M.

Hence, the concentration of barium ion when precipitation begins is approximately 2.38 × 10^-8 M.

To determine which substance precipitates first and the concentration of barium ion when precipitation begins, we need to consider the solubility product (Ksp) of the possible precipitation reactions.

The possible precipitation reactions are:

Ba(CrO4)2(s) ⇌ Ba2+(aq) + CrO42-(aq)   Ksp1 = [Ba2+][CrO42-]^2

Ba3(PO4)2(s) ⇌ 3Ba2+(aq) + 2PO43-(aq)   Ksp2 = [Ba2+]^3[PO43-]^2

The substance that precipitates first is the one with the lower solubility product (Ksp) value. To determine the Ksp values, we need to look up the relevant values of the solubility products.

From the solubility product table, we find:

- Ksp1 for Ba(CrO4)2 is 1.17 × 10^-10
- Ksp2 for Ba3(PO4)2 is 1.34 × 10^-23

Comparing the Ksp values, we see that Ksp1 is much larger than Ksp2, indicating that Ba(CrO4)2 is more soluble than Ba3(PO4)2.

Therefore, the precipitate that forms first is Ba3(PO4)2(s).

To determine the concentration of barium ion when precipitation begins, we can use the Ksp2 expression and assume that x mol/L of Ba3(PO4)2(s) dissolves, forming 3x mol/L of Ba2+ and 2x mol/L of PO43-. Since the initial concentration of ammonium phosphate is 1.04×10^-2 M, which is much less than the initial concentration of potassium chromate (1.49×10^-2 M), we can assume that all of the phosphate ions come from the ammonium phosphate and ignore the small contribution from the autoionization of water.

Using the Ksp2 expression and the concentrations of PO43- and Ba2+, we get:

Ksp2 = [Ba2+]^3[PO43-]^2
1.34 × 10^-23 = (3x)^3(2x)^2

Solving for x, we get:

x = 7.93 × 10^-9 M

Therefore, the concentration of barium ion when precipitation begins is approximately 3x =

3(7.93 × 10^-9 M) = 2.38 × 10^-8 M.

Hence, the concentration of barium ion when precipitation begins is approximately 2.38 × 10^-8 M.
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For a 80- g sample of fused copper catalyst, a volume of 7.6×103 mm3 of nitrogen (measured at standard temperature and pressure, 0 ∘c and 1 atm ) is required to form a monolayer upon condensation. calculate the surface area of the catalyst. (take the area covered by a nitrogen molecule as 0.162 nm2 and recall that, for an ideal gas, pv=nrt , where n is the number of moles of the gas.)

Answers

Answer:

First, we need to calculate the number of moles of nitrogen gas required to form a monolayer:

n = (pv) / (rt)

where p is the pressure, v is the volume, r is the ideal gas constant, and t is the temperature in Kelvin.

At standard temperature and pressure, we have:

p = 1 atm

v = 7.6×10^3 mm^3 = 7.6×10^-6 m^3

t = 273 K

r = 8.31 J/(mol K)

So, n = (1 atm x 7.6×10^-6 m^3) / (8.31 J/(mol K) x 273 K) = 3.13×10^-7 mol

Next, we can calculate the number of nitrogen molecules in this amount of gas:

N = n x Na

where Na is Avogadro's number (6.02×10^23 molecules/mol).

N = 3.13×10^-7 mol x 6.02×10^23 molecules/mol = 1.88×10^17 molecules

Finally, we can calculate the surface area of the catalyst covered by these molecules:

A = N x a

where a is the area covered by a nitrogen molecule (0.162 nm^2), converted to m^2.

a = 0.162 nm^2 x (10^-18 m^2/nm^2) = 1.62×10^-20 m^2

A = 1.88×10^17 molecules x 1.62×10^-20 m^2/molecule = 3.05×10^-3 m^2

Therefore, the surface area of the catalyst covered by the nitrogen molecules is approximately 3.05×10^-3 m^2.

What is the molarity of the solution made by dissolving 15.1 g of solid naf in water and diluting it to a final
volume of 550.0 ml?

Answers

The molarity of the solution is 0.5 M.

To calculate the molarity of the solution, we need to first calculate the number of moles of NaF present in the solution. The molar mass of NaF is 41.99 g/mol (22.99 g/mol for Na and 19.00 g/mol for F).

Number of moles of NaF = mass of NaF / molar mass of NaF

= 15.1 g / 41.99 g/mol

= 0.359 mol

The volume of the solution is given as 550.0 mL, which needs to be converted to liters (L) as the unit of molarity is moles/L.

Volume of the solution = 550.0 mL = 0.5500 L

Molarity of the solution = number of moles of solute / volume of solution

= 0.359 mol / 0.5500 L

= 0.653 M

However, we need to consider that the NaF was diluted to a final volume of 550.0 mL, which means that the concentration of the solution has been decreased. Therefore, we need to divide the calculated molarity by 2.

Molarity of the solution after dilution = 0.653 M / 2

= 0.5 M

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