Fast cooling rates tends to promote transformations that result in relatively course structures (e.g. for a reaction resulting in multiple product phases, the secondary phase particles are (i) fewer in count (ii) larger in size and (iii) relatively spherical). True or False
For most materials, the formation of a glass from a liquid typically requires extremely slow cooling rates, thereby taking on the order of years or even centuries to produce. True or False
For a system below its melting point, a glass (or non-crystalline / amorphous) configuration is the most energetically stable state that is possible, since it offers the lowest Gibbs free energy for all possible solid configurations. True or False
When measured experimentally, most materials tend to exhibit the same exact temperature value for both melting and freezing (crystallization). True or False
Gray iron is a microstructure that tends to result when a cast iron of appropriate composition is cooled fairly quickly. True or False
Coarsening refers to the scenario where, upon heating and/or annealing for sufficient time, the scale of a microstructure tends to reduce (e.g. grains become smaller, secondary phase particles separate into smaller particles and become more finely dispersed, often reverting to high aspect ratio or high surface-area-to-volume ratio configurations. True or False
Answer:
1) correct answer is ii larger size
2) false, 3) false, 4) true, 5) true, 6) true
Explanation:
In this exercise, the answer is asked if the statement is true.
1) in the rapid cooling speed, there is no thermodynamic equilibrium, so the secondary phases do not have time to transform into the main one, therefore many phases appear in the products,
the correct answer is ii
2) False. The transformation of a material to the glass state requires a fixed temperature and rapid changes to reach this temperature,
3) False. The most stable state is the crystalline state, the glass states are metastable, their Gibbs energy is not the lowest possible and they must transition to the crystalline state over time, it can be years or centuries.
4) True. The melting and freezing temperatures change for each material, within the same material it always has the same value, since it corresponds to a change in the state of the system.
5) true. Cast iron is called gray because of the impurities inside that have not had time to move due to rapid cooling.
6) True. The microstructure is reduced in the process of cooling and heating
To understand electrical currents we need to understand
Electric current is a term used to describe how much electricity flows across a circuit and how it flows in an electronic circuit. Amperes are used to measure it (A).
How much electricity is best understood?The energy of charged particles is referred to as electricity. One option for storing electricity is a battery. Electricity flows when you connect a battery to a light bulb. Due to the fact that electrical charges (electrons) can freely transport energy from the battery through the bulb, this occurs.
What is the most crucial electrical rule?Disconnect the power source. This is the first and most crucial requirement to abide by. This is the first and most crucial rule to adhere to. If you ever need to repair electrical equipment in your house, be sure to first unplug it from the power source. It might not be sufficient to simply turn it off.
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hello please help i’ll give brainliest
Answer: C. Pangaea
Explanation: This is the term for when all the continents were one. Please give brainliest <3
Describe how you would find absolute pressure in a car tire if you had a barometer and a tire pump with an air
pressure gauge
The absolute pressure in a car tire can found by following method:
Pressure is the force per unit area applied toward a course perpendicular to the outer layer of an item. To keep it precise, it is an amount of force following up on a unit area. The SI unit for pressure is measured in Pascals (Pa). Other non-SI units are bar and PSI. There are two types of references to quantify pressure,
Gauge Pressure
Absolute Pressure
The most well-known pressure reference is Gauge Pressure which is connoted by a ‘g’ after the pressure unit, for example, 33 psi g. It is the pressure relative to barometric or atmospheric pressure; it is positive for pressures above atmospheric pressure and negative for pressures that are below atmospheric pressure. An Absolute pressure estimation is one that is alluded to as a perfect or an ideal vacuum. The best illustration of an absolute referenced pressure is the calculation of Barometric pressure. To deliver an absolute pressure sensor, one strategy is for a maker to seal a high vacuum behind the detecting diaphragm.Formula of Absolute pressure is given by:
p(a) = p(g) + p(atm)
Where ,
p(a) is absolute pressure,
p(g) is gauge pressure and
P(atm) is atmospheric pressure
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Is there ever a case where one of the two charges in Coulomb's Law experiences a different force magnitude than the other charge? Why or why not?
Answer:
Yes, there is a case where one of the two charges in Coulomb's Law experiences a different force magnitude than the other charge. Coulomb's Law states that the electric force between two charged particles is directly proportional to the product of the magnitudes of the charges and inversely proportional to the square of the distance between them. If the magnitudes of the charges or the distance between them changes, the force experienced by one of the charges will also change. For example, if one of the charges is doubled in magnitude while the other charge and the distance between them remain the same, the force experienced by the charge with the increased magnitude will also double.
What is B_{\text {out }}, the z component of the magnetic field outside the solenoid?
The magnetic field outside the solenoid [tex]B_{\text {out }}[/tex] is zero.
The magnetic field lines are present outside the solenoid, but there are significantly less of them there than there are inside the solenoid. This is known as the flux. As a result, the magnetic field outside is thought to be almost nil. It is more accurate to assume that the magnetic field outside the solenoid is zero if the solenoid is quite long. It is false close to the solenoid's edge. We consider the magnetic field outside the solenoid to be zero for practical purposes. This amount of flux divided by the area outside the solenoids gives the flux density, which is equal to the strength of the field outside the solenoid is zero.
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Where does counter-current flow happen?
When the filtrate moves through the two arms of the Henle's loop in directions that are diametrically opposed, countercurrent occurs.
For the medullary interstitial fluid to remain at a high osmolarity, Henle's loop's ascending limb is essential. These two limbs' close companion, the vasa recta, similarly has two opposing orientations of function. The hand can be significantly cooled without losing body heat because the deep veins are wrapped around the arteries, and the counter-current flow that results from this short-circuits the loss of body heat.
Over the course of their full interaction, the counter-current exchange system may keep the gradient between the two flows practically constant. This can result in practically all of the property transferring if the length and flow rate are both sufficient.
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Two speakers are driven by the same amplifier. The first speaker is placed in the origin, the second one is free to move along the x-axis (see figure). A receiver is placed on the on the y-axis, a distance L from the origin. The speakers emit sound at frequency f, the velocity of sound in the air is v. The second speaker is initially in the origin and it is the slowly moved toward the positive x-axis. Write the results in terms of L, f, and v.
a) What is the wavelength of the sound waves in the air?
b) Find the first position x of the second speaker at which the receiver does not get any sound (destructive interference).
c) Find the first position x of the second speaker at which the receiver gets maximum intensity (constructive interference). Exclude the x=0 position
The results in terms of wavelength, velocity, and frequency i.e (L,f,v) are as follow,.
(a) λ = v/f
(b) The value of the first minimum will be [tex]x =\sqrt{\frac{v^2}{4 f^2}+\frac{v L}{f}}[/tex]
(c) The position for the first maxima of 2nd speaker = [tex]$$x=\sqrt{\frac{v}{f}\left(\frac{v}{f}+2 L\right)}$$[/tex]
A waveform signal that is carried in space or down a wire has a wavelength, which is the separation between two identical places (adjacent crests) in the consecutive cycles. This length is often defined in wireless systems in meters (m), centimeters (cm), or millimeters (mm) (mm).
(a) Relation among velocity, wavelength and frequency can be defined the expression: v = fλ
From above, we can write, (λ) (wavelength) can be equal to velocity (v) / Frequency (f)
So, λ = v/f
(b) path difference can be determined by using the expression: [tex]\Delta x=x_2-x_1 \\[/tex]
[tex]\Delta x=\sqrt{L^2+x^2}-L\end{aligned}$$[/tex]
So, for the first minimum, we can conclude the following:
[tex]$\left\{n x=\frac{d}{2}=\frac{v}{2 f}\right.$$$\frac{v}{2 f}=\sqrt{L^2+x^2}-L$$[/tex]
[tex]\left(\frac{v}{2 f}+L\right)^2 & =L^2+x^2 \\\\x^2 =\frac{v^2}{4 f^2}+L^2+\frac{v L}{f}-L^2 \\\\x =\sqrt{\frac{v^2}{4 f^2}+\frac{v L}{f}}[/tex]
(c) for first order maxima
[tex]$$\begin{aligned}& \Delta x=\lambda \\& \frac{v}{f}=\sqrt{L^2+x^2}-L\end{aligned}$$[/tex]
[tex]$$\begin{aligned}x^2 & =\frac{v^2}{f^2}+L^2+\frac{2 V L}{f}-L^2 \\x & =\sqrt{\frac{v^2}{f^2}+\frac{2 v L}{f}}\end{aligned}$$[/tex]
So, the position for the first maxima of 2nd speaker will be:
[tex]$$x=\sqrt{\frac{v}{f}\left(\frac{v}{f}+2 L\right)}$$[/tex]
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The missing diagram is attached below:
electricity costs 10p per kWh. At the start of the last month, Electricity meter reading was 5000 kWh, at the end of the month it was 5200 kWh, calculate the cost of the electricity bill last month.
answer
200
Explanation:
5000-5200=200
In which of the following situations is kinetic energy transformed into chemical energy by way of electrical energy?
A. wind turns the blades of a turbine on a wind generator, producing electricity that can be stored in a battery.
B. wood is burned in a steam engine to drive an electrical generator that in turn provides energy for a motor.
C. charge separation caused by motion and friction among clouds produces lightning, which strikes a tree, setting it on fire.
D. the electric current from a battery is used to separate water molecules into their elemental oxygen and hydrogen components.
The situations is kinetic energy transformed into chemical energy by way of electrical energy is- wind turns the blades of a turbine on a wind generator, producing electricity that can be stored in a battery.
Hence, option A is correct.
Wind turbines convert wind's mechanical energy into electrical energy. In this scenario, a turbine uses the kinetic energy of moving air to create a rotating motion. Wind causes a wind turbine's blades to move or rotate as it blows past them. An engine is powered by these blades.An object's kinetic energy is the energy it has as a result of motion. Applying force is necessary if we wish to accelerate an object. After the job is finished, the object will be travelling at a new, constant speed because energy has been transferred to itTo know more about kinetic energy here
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What is the kind of wave produced by vibrating haksaw blade?
What is the relationship between the mass of an object and the amount of thermal energy an object has?
The greater the mass of an object, the more particles there are in the sample and the more thermal energy it possesses at the same temperature. Assume you have some boiling hot water at 100 degrees Celsius to demonstrate this concept.
What is thermal energy and what are some examples?Thermal energy is shown by boiling water on a stove. Thermal energy is created when the atoms and molecules of a material vibrate faster as the temperature rises.
What is an example of a mass?Mass is best defined as the quantity of matter contained in any item or body. Everything in our environment has mass. For example, a table, a chair, your bed, a football, a glass, and even air has mass. That being said, all objects are light or heavy because of their mass.
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If the material fails when the average normal stress reaches 120 psi, determine the largest centrally applied vertical load p the block can support
Determine the highest centrally applied vertical load p the block can support if the material breaks when the average normal stress reaches 120 psi.
What is meant by material?Objects are made of material, which is a substance or combination of substances. Material can be either pure or impure, made of living things or inanimate objects. Materials can be categorized based on their chemical and physical makeup, as well as their geological or biological origin.The term "material" describes a substance used to create another object. Cloth or other things made of matter that are real-world objects are likewise considered to be materials. The adjective and noun material can be used in a wide variety of contexts.Students can choose to specialize in materials physics as part of their physics degree, which prepares them for high-tech jobs in fields including optical fibers, alternative energy sources, communications, transportation, electronics, and medicine.To learn more about material refer to:
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The question states "The amplitude of a body undergoing simple harmonic motion is doubled. Which of the following is also doubled?
a) maximum speed
b) frequency
c) total energy
d) period
When the amplitude of a body undergoing simple harmonic motion is doubled then the maximum speed is doubled.
Equation of shm is
x(t) = Xo + Acos(wt + f)
Differentiate it with t
v(t) = wA * sin(wt + f)
Then max speed Vmax is wA
So by above relation if we double the amplitude then velocity will be doubled.
If the force acting on the oscillating body is always in the direction opposite to the displacement of the body from the equilibrium or the mean position and its magnitude is proportional to the magnitude of displacement, the body is said to be executing SHM.
If the displacement vs. time curve of the oscillating body is sinusoidal in nature, the body is said to be executing SHM. This is another definition of SHM.
If the potential energy of the oscillating body is proportional to the square of its displacement with reference to the mean position, the body is said to be executing SHM. This is yet another definition of SHM.
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1) Renatta Gass is out with her friends misfortune occurs and renatta and her Friends find themselves getting a workout. They apply a cumulative force Of 1580N to push the car 288m to the nearest fuel station. Determine the work done on the car.
Work is characterized as a force that causes an object to move or be displaced. The work done would be 455040.
What is Work?Work is the scalar product of the force acting on an object and the displacement that force causes when the force is constant.
Despite the fact that work lacks a direction due to the scalar product (or dot product) aspect of vector mathematics, force and displacement are both vector quantities.
"W" stands for work, "F" is the force, and "d" represents displacement (or the distance the object travels).
Therefore, Work is characterized as a force that causes an object to move or be displaced. The work done would be 455040.
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What is the difference between an object’s speed and its acceleration? NO LINKS
Answer: Hello! An objects speed is constant and has the units meters per second (m/s); thus, it does not change overtime. Acceleration is a rate of change where the speed does either increase or decrease overtime from its inital value; its units are meters per second second (m/s/s). I hope that helps!
Why are dynamic flexibility tests not used as often as static flexibility tests a dynamic flexibility tests involve m?
Dynamic flexibility tests are not used as often as static flexibility tests because dynamic flexibility tests involve movement, while static flexibility tests are stationary.
Dynamic flexibility tests are more difficult to perform and require more coordination, and they can be less reliable than static flexibility tests. Additionally, dynamic flexibility tests require more time and equipment to administer, making them less practical for most fitness assessment settings.
Also, dynamic flexibility tests are more specific and measure the ability to perform a specific movement, rather than measuring the general range of motion of a joint. This makes them more suitable for testing athletes and those who need to measure their ability to perform specific movements.
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If one branch of a parallel circuit has more resistance than the other branches, how does the amount of current flowing through that branch compare to the other
branches?
a. The branch with more resistance will have more current than the other branches,
b. The branch with more resistance will have less current than the other branches.
C. The branch with more resistance will have the same current as the other branches.
Answer:
b. The branch with more resistance will have less current than the other branches
Explanation:
The resistance of a resistor, is the property of a conductive material that prevents or oppose the flow of current through it
The resistivity is the resistance per unit length per unit cross sectional area
Based on the nature of electric current flow and resistance; the electric current flows through the path of least resistance
Therefore, more of the electric current will flow through the branch with lowest amount of resistance while a lesser amount of current will flow through the branch with more resistance.
A wave moving along a rope has a
wavelength of 1.5 m and a frequency
of 5.5 Hz. How fast is the wave
traveling along the rope?
A. 3.67 m/s
B.5.4 m/s
C.8.25 m/s
D.3.75 m/s
Answer:
V = wavelength * frequency = 1.5 * 5.5 = 8.25 m/s
Astronomers can use the brightness of two light sources, such as stars, tocompare the distances from the light sources. The intensity, or brightness, of light I is inversely proportional to the square of the distance from the lightsource d. If d is the independent variable and I is the dependent variable, graph the equation from Exercise 42 when k = 16
By looking at the brightness of two stars, astronomers can compare the relative distance of the two stars from Earth.
Who are astronomers?
Astronomers are scientists who study the universe and its phenomena. They observe, analyze, and interpret astronomical data to understand the physical and chemical properties of celestial bodies and their evolution over time. Astronomers use a variety of tools and techniques, including powerful telescopes, spectroscopy, and computer-based analysis, to explore the universe.
Step 1: Write the equation in the form of y= mx + b.
I = k/d^2
y = k/d^2
Step 2: Substitute the given values for k and m.
y = 16/d^2
Step 3: Graph the equation by plotting points for various values of d.
We can plot points for various values of d. For example:
d = 1, y = 16
d = 2, y = 4
d = 3, y = 16/9
d = 4, y = 1
d = 5, y = 16/25
We can plot these points on a graph and connect them with a smooth curve.
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The solar system is 25,000 light years from the center of our Milky Way galaxy. One light year is the distance light travels in one year at a speed of 3.0×108m/s. Astronomers have determined that the solar system is orbiting the center of the galaxy at a speed of 230 km/s.
The approximate mass of the galactic center was calculated to be 1.88*1041 kg.
Assume that the sun is a typical star with a typical mass. If galactic matter is made up of stars, approximately how many stars are in the center of the galaxy?
Note : Astronomers have spent many years trying to determine how many stars there are in the Milky Way. The number of stars seems to be only about 10% of what you'll find in part d. In other words, about 90% of the mass of the galaxy appears to be in some form other than stars. This is called the dark matter of the universe. No one knows what the dark matter is. This is one of the outstanding scientific questions of our day.
The stars in the center of the Milky Way galaxy is approximately 94.5 billion stars. The result is obtained by dividing the mass of the galactic center by the mass of the Sun.
How to estimate the number of stars in a galaxy?The number of stars in a galaxy can be estimated by dividing the mass of galactic center by the mass of a typical star.
In the Milky Way,
Radius of the solar system, r = 25,000 light years.1 light year, c = 3 × 10⁸ m/s.Speed of the solar system, v = 230 km/s.Approximate mass of the galactic center, M = 1.88 × 10⁴¹ kg.Suppose that the Sun is a typical star with a typical mass and the galactic matter is made up of stars. Find the approximate number of stars in the center of the galaxy!
From the scientific data, the mass of the Sun is 1.99 × 10³⁰ kg.
The number of stars is approximately
N = Mass of the galactic center / Mass of the Sun
N = 1.88 × 10⁴¹ kg / 1.99 × 10³⁰ kg
N = 0.945 × 10¹¹
N = 94.5 × 10⁹
N = 94.5 billion stars
In the center of Milky Way, the number of stars is around 94.5 billion stars.
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For the segment AB in the bacterium's trajectory, calculate the x component of its velocity.
Express your answer in micrometers per second
UABx = 2o pm/s
For segment AB in the bacterium's trajectory, The x component of its velocity is 3.92m/s.
[tex]AB_X = 50um AB_Y = 10um[/tex]
[tex]AB =\sqrt{50^{2}+ 10^{2} } = 50.99um[/tex]
[tex]t = \frac{AB}{20} = 2.55[/tex]
[tex]V_ABY = \frac{AB_Y}{T}[/tex]
[tex]\frac{10}{2.55}[/tex] [tex]= 3.92m/s[/tex]
Speed is the directional pace of an item in motion as an illustration of its fee of change in position as discovered from a specific body of reference and as measured with the aid of a selected well-known time (e.g. 60 km/h northbound). speed is an essential idea in kinematics, the department of classical mechanics that describes the motion of our bodies.
Velocity is a physical vector quantity; both importance and route are had to define it. The scalar absolute value (significance) of velocity is known as pace, being a coherent derived unit whose amount is measured within the SI (metric system) as meters per 2d (m/s or m⋅s−1). as an example, "5 meters per 2d" is a scalar, whereas "5 meters in step with 2nd east" is a vector. If there's an exchange in speed, direction, or each, then the object is stated to be present process an acceleration.
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A new way of "multiplying" two vectors is introduced in this chapter. What is it called? Select one: O a. The tensor product. O b. The angular product. Oc. The scalar product. O d. The dot product. O e. The cross product.
The correct option is option e) cross product
The cross-product is a new way of "multiplying" two vectors. It results in a new vector that is perpendicular to both the original vectors and its magnitude is given by the area of the parallelogram formed by the two original vectors.
In three-dimensional space, cross-product is a binary operation on two vectors. It yields a vector perpendicular to both vectors. a b represents the vector product of two vectors, a and b. Its resulting vector is parallel to a and b. Cross goods are another name for vector products.
The cross-product has four basic applications:
calculating the angle () between two vectorsdetermining a vector normal to a planecalculating the moment of a force about a pointcalculating the moment of a force about a line.Read more about Cross-Product from:
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If A and B are two Hermitian operators, showthat AB and BA may
not be Hermitian, but that (AB + BA) andi(AB-BA) are both
hermitian. Prove that the expectation value ofA2 is
always real and non-negative. If A2=2,find the
eigenvalues of A
A and B being Hermitian operators means that they are equal to their own conjugate transpose.
What is a Hermitian operator?
A Hermitian operator is an operator that is equal to its own complex conjugate. This means that if an operator A is Hermitian, then A=A*. This property is important in quantum mechanics, since it guarantees that the eigenvalues of the operator are real.
AB ≠ BA
(AB + BA) = (A + B)*(A + B) = A*A + A*B + B*A + B*B
(AB + BA) is Hermitian since the conjugate transpose of a sum is the sum of the conjugate transposes.
i(AB-BA) = i(A - B)*(A - B) = -iA*A + iA*B -iB*A + iB*B
i(AB-BA) is Hermitian since the conjugate transpose of a sum is the sum of the conjugate transposes.
The expectation value of A2 is always real and non-negative since A2 is Hermitian and thus equal to its own conjugate transpose, which implies its eigenvalues are real.
If A2 = 2, then A can have eigenvalues of ±√2.
Hence, eigenvalues of A is ±√2.
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a box of chocolate bars weighs 180N. Its base has an area of 0.09m2. what pressure does it exert on the ground
Answer:
2000
Explanation:
180/0.09
=2000
pressure=force/area
what is the difference between the weight of an object and the mass of an object?
The amount of matter a body's mass is the volume of matter abody's mass. Weight is the gravitational force that pulls on the body.
What sets mass and weight apart from one another?The relationship between mass and weight: Mass is a measure of inertia, whereas weight is a measure of force.
Both of these names are frequently used in the same sentence. In order to determine how much matter a body is made up of, its mass is used as mode of measurement.
The acceleration which is caused by gravity on any mass is measured in terms of weight.
Mass is a measure of the quantity of matter in a material, whereas weight measures how the force of gravity acts upon a mass.
In order to determine how much matter a body contains, its mass is used.
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What is the speed of a truck that travels 10 km in 20 minutes?
Answer:
8.3 m/s
Explanation:
Here's the answer in m/s:
(10 km)(1000 m/km) = 10000 m
(20 min)(60 s/min) = 1200 s
speed = d/t = 10000m / 1200s = 8.3 m/s
8) An object is attached to a hanging unstretched ideal and massless spring and slowly lowered to its equilibrium position, a distance of 6.4 cm below the starting point. The mass is then pulled so the spring is stretched to a length of 9.6 cm. How fast will the mass be moving when it reaches the equilibrium position?
Work is accomplished by stretching or compressing a spring. Elastic potential energy is stored in the spring. It is recommended to expand the spring up to 12.8 cm.
What happens to the elastic potential energy that is stored in a spring when work is done to extend it?Elastic potential energy is stored in the spring as a result of the work required to stretch or compress it. A spring's elastic potential energy is equal to one-half the sum of its spring constant times its deformation squared.
When a spring is stretched or compressed from its initial resting position, where is the elastic potential energy stored?We'll talk about elastic potential energy as the second type of potential energy. The energy that is trapped in elastic materials as a result of their stretching or compression is known as elastic potential energy.
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Explain why the speed of a competitor changes during the race. [4 marks]
AQA combined science physics paper 1 2022
The reason that speed of a competitor changes during the race is that
Physical conditionTerrainWeatherStrategyTacticsInjuryWhat is the race about?The speed of a competitor during a race can change for a variety of reasons. Some of the most common include the following:
Physical condition: A competitor's physical condition can change during a race, leading to a change in their speed. For example, a runner may start off strong but tire as the race progresses, causing their speed to decrease.
Terrain: The terrain of the race can also have an impact on a competitor's speed. Running uphill, for example, typically requires more effort and can slow a competitor down, while running downhill can allow them to pick up speed.
Weather: Weather conditions can also affect a competitor's speed during a race. Running in hot, humid conditions, for example, can make it more difficult for a competitor to maintain a high level of performance.
Strategy: Competing athlete has a strategy to maintain a sustainable pace which he could not change that often, it could lead to either decrease or increase in speed.
Tactics: Athletes may also adjust their tactics during a race in response to the competition. For example, a runner may slow down to conserve energy in the early stages of a race in order to have a stronger finish.
Injury: Sometimes, an injury can happen during a race and it can force the athletes to adjust their speed to adapt.
In all, the speed of a competitor during a race can change for a variety of reasons related to their physical condition, the terrain, weather, strategy, tactics and injury.
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An integrated circuit is tiny, so current can flow through it very quickly. This helps it
carry out tasks with incredible speed. TRUE or
FALSE
Answer: True
Explanation: