The effect of an increased potassium would change the membrane potential to a less negative value at the extracellular compartment of the neuron.
What is neuron depolarisation?Neuron depolarisation is defined as the event that occurs in the neurons which is initiated by the opening of sodium ion channels within the plasma membrane.
Increased extracellular potassium levels result in depolarization of the membrane potentials of cells due to the increase in the equilibrium potential of potassium.
Therefore, the effect of increased potassium at the extracellular compartment of the neuron will lead to a change of the membrane potential to a less negative value.
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draw a dna molecule that has five randomly spaced restriction sites for a specific palindrome. how many fragments would be produced if each site were cut by a restriction enzyme? label each fragment. rank them in order of size from largest to smallest
There would be six fragments produced in total if each restriction site were cut by a restriction enzyme.
A restriction enzyme would yield fragments with cohesive termini if it cut each site. A restriction fragment is a DNA fragment formed when a restriction enzyme cuts a DNA strand (restriction endonucleases). So, if a restriction enzyme cut each of the five randomly placed restriction sites in a particular palindrome, 5+1 fragments would result from the process.
The position of the restriction site within the DNA molecule would affect the size of each fragment. The size will increase with proximity to the molecule's center. It will be smaller the further it is from the molecule's core.
(Refer the image attached for the DNA molecule cut into fragments)
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true/false. one strategy for purifying an expressed protein from a mixture of bacterial proteins is to modify the protein's gene to encode a series of amino acid residues at the n- or c-terminus of the protein.
The given statement is true because one strategy for purifying an expressed protein from a mixture of bacterial proteins is to modify the protein's gene to encode a series of amino acid residues at the N- or C-terminus of the protein.
This strategy, known as fusion protein expression, involves adding a sequence of amino acids to either the N- or C-terminal of the target protein. This additional sequence, called a fusion tag, typically consists of several amino acids and is used to purify the target protein from the mixture of other proteins. The fusion tag acts as a recognition site for affinity purification resins, allowing for the target protein to be selectively bound and subsequently eluted from the mixture.
Another advantage of using fusion protein expression is that it allows for increased expression levels of the target protein due to the presence of the fusion tag. Additionally, it is also possible to control the level of expression of the target protein by controlling the level of the fusion tag.
In conclusion, fusion protein expression is an effective strategy for purifying expressed proteins from a mixture of bacterial proteins. By adding a sequence of amino acids to the N- or C-terminal of the target protein, the target protein can be selectively bound and eluted from the mixture using affinity purification resins. Additionally, this strategy can also be used to increase expression levels and control the level of expression of the target protein.
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an organism must be able to reproduce in order to be considered 'living'. group of answer choices true false
An organism must be able to reproduce in order to be considered 'living'. True. Reproduction is an ability that only living things have.
Reproduction is one of the basic features of life. It is a biological mechanism that allows living organisms to pass on their genetic material from one generation to the next. The ability to reproduce is a defining characteristic of life, and organisms that cannot reproduce are generally not considered alive.For example, viruses are not considered alive because they cannot reproduce on their own. They must infect a host cell and use the cell's machinery to reproduce.
In contrast, bacteria, plants, and animals are all considered living organisms because they can reproduce on their own, either sexually or asexually. Reproduction ensures the continuity of a species and allows for the survival and adaptation of organisms over time. Without the ability to reproduce, life on Earth would not exist as we know it.
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Which of the following best describes how the altering of the plant’s genome by scientists is similar to naturally occurring genetic mutations .
1 point
Natural genetic mutations will alter the performance of a gene just like if it is altered by scientists.
Natural genetic mutations alters a gene but when done by scientists it randomly alters genes.
A mutation can be a drastic change to the genome, altering by scientists is less dramatic.
A change caused by scientists won't alter the chromosome, a change caused by a mutation will alter the chromosome.
The option that best describes how the altering of the plant’s genome by scientists is similar to naturally occurring genetic mutations is: "Natural genetic mutations will alter the performance of a gene just like if it is altered by scientists."
Natural genetic mutations and the altering of the plant’s genome by scientists both involve changes to the genetic material of the organism. Both types of alterations can lead to changes in the function or expression of specific genes. In both cases, the changes can be beneficial, neutral, or harmful to the organism depending on the specific mutation or alteration.
While scientists can control the specific gene or genes that are altered, the effects of the alteration are still subject to the complex interplay of genes and the environment, much like the effects of naturally occurring genetic mutations. Therefore, the alteration of the plant's genome by scientists is similar to natural genetic mutations in that both involve changes to the genetic material that can affect the performance of the gene or genes.
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yeast cells growing aerobically on glucose are exposed to a drug that raises the ph of the intermembrane space of mitochondria. what will happen?
When yeast cells growing aerobically on glucose are exposed to a drug that raises the pH of the intermembrane space of mitochondria: the electron transport chain (ETC) is disrupted.
As a result, ATP production is lowered and glucose breakdown is diminished. The drug would have prevented the ETC from functioning because it is an electron carrier inhibitor. Electron transport chain and pH of intermembrane space: When the electron transport chain is disrupted, the pH of the intermembrane space increases.
This is due to the fact that the electron transport chain pumps H+ ions out of the mitochondrial matrix and into the intermembrane space. This generates an electrochemical gradient that is used to generate ATP. However, if the electron transport chain is disrupted, the electrochemical gradient is lost, and ATP production is lowered.
As a result, glucose breakdown is diminished. This is because glucose is broken down to form ATP through the process of oxidative phosphorylation in the mitochondria of the cell. In summary, raising the pH of the intermembrane space of mitochondria in yeast cells that are growing aerobically on glucose would impair ATP production and glucose breakdown.
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life is best defined as the ability to: group of answer choices find and metabolize food for energy. move and escape predators. replicate and conduct metabolic activity. convert solar energy into food. reproduce and breathe oxygen gas.
Life is best characterized as the ability to: reproduce and breathe oxygen gas. Background from The Limitations of Biological Life in Planetary Systems. Option 5 is Correct.
Life is a property of a living creature that separates the latter from a dead organism or a non-living item, as particularly differentiated by the capacity to grow, metabolize, respond (to stimuli), adapt, and reproduce.
There is a concise definition “Life is self-reproduction with variations” that is notable for its brevity and because it contains two key features of living organisms: reproduction and evolution. According to the NASA definition of life, "Terran life is the only type of life we are aware of. It is a self-sustaining chemical system capable of Darwinian evolution." Option 5 is Correct.
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Correct Question:
Life is best defined as the ability to: group of answer choices
1. find and metabolize food for energy.
2. move and escape predators.
3. replicate and conduct metabolic activity.
4. convert solar energy into food.
5. reproduce and breathe oxygen gas.
extension of disc material beyond the vertebral confines with the largest measurement being that of the depth of the displaced material is best termed a
An extension of disc material beyond the vertebral confines with the largest measurement being that of the depth of the displaced material is best termed as a disc protrusion.
A disc protrusion is a spinal disc disorder in which the nucleus pulposus extrudes through the outer layer of the fibrous ring (annulus fibrosus) and protrudes into the spinal canal, either backward or sideways.
The symptoms of disc protrusion include:
Intermittent or persistent back and/or leg pain, Weakness or numbness in the limbs, Loss of bowel or bladder control (in severe cases), Pain that worsens when bending or twisting.The main causes of disc protrusion include Ageing, Poor posture, Trauma to the spine, and Repetitive strain on the spinal column from work or exercise.
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the scientific study of life is called multiple choice anatomy. biochemistry. limnology. ecology. biology.
The scientific study of life is called biology. The correct option is d.
What is Biology?Biology is a natural science that focuses on the study of life and living organisms, including their physical structure, chemical processes, molecular interactions, physiological mechanisms, development, and evolution. Biology encompasses a wide range of topics, from the smallest entities such as viruses and bacteria to the largest organisms such as plants and animals.Biology is one of the most important subjects in the field of science because it helps us to understand the living world around us. Through biology, we can learn about the structure and function of living organisms, as well as their behavior, ecology, and evolution.
Biology is a dynamic field, and new discoveries are being made all the time. As our understanding of living organisms grows, so does our ability to apply this knowledge to solve real-world problems such as disease, pollution, and climate change. Biology is an exciting and rewarding subject, and studying it can open up a wide range of career opportunities in fields such as medicine, biotechnology, conservation, and research.
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Difference in genes which pass from parents to child lead to
Differences in genes that pass from parents to child can lead to a wide range of traits and characteristics that make each individual unique.
Genetic variation, the natural variation present within a population, may be the cause of these variations.
Genetic variations due to genes in people can manifest in various ways, such as:
Physical characteristics: Physical characteristics like eye color, hair color, height, facial features, and body shape can be influenced by genetic variances.
Disease susceptibility: Genetic variations can alter a person's vulnerability to some conditions, including cystic fibrosis, sickle cell disease, and Huntington's disease.
Personality traits: According to some research, certain genes may be linked to characteristics like impulsivity, aggression, and empathy
Cognitive talents: Genetic variations can also affect cognitive skills like IQ, memory, and language proficiency.
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determine the correct answer
* sphinchter muscle block urine as it"
1- voulantry muscle
2-sync with urinary bladder muscle
3_it will relax to exert urine
4-all the aaboe
Option 2. The sphincters' muscle block urine as it sync with urinary bladder muscle
What does the sphinchter muscle do?The sphincter muscle is a ring-shaped muscle that surrounds the urethra, the tube that carries urine from the bladder out of the body. There are two sphincter muscles that control the flow of urine: the internal sphincter, which is made up of smooth muscle and is under involuntary control, and the external sphincter, which is made up of skeletal muscle and is under voluntary control.
The sphincter muscle works in coordination with the bladder muscle to control the flow of urine. When the bladder is full, the bladder muscle contracts to expel urine, while the internal sphincter muscle relaxes to allow urine to pass through the urethra. The external sphincter muscle remains contracted to maintain continence.
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based on your knowledge of ploidy level in various human cells, would you expect human brain cells to be diploid or haploid?
The ploidy level of human brain cells is diploid. This means that it contains two copies of each chromosome in its nucleus.
Based on my knowledge of ploidy level in various human cells, I would expect human brain cells to be diploid.Ploidy refers to the number of sets of chromosomes found in a cell's nucleus. A diploid cell, for example, contains two sets of chromosomes (2n).
Human somatic cells, for example, are diploid, meaning they have two sets of chromosomes. Human brain cells are also diploid because they are somatic cells.The majority of human cells are diploid. They have two sets of chromosomes, with one set coming from each parent.
In humans, there are 46 chromosomes in total. Gametes, which are sperm and egg cells, are the exception. Gametes, also known as sex cells, are haploid, meaning they have only one set of chromosomes. They contain 23 chromosomes in humans.
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which of the following foods is most likely to contain haploid cells? a.an apple b.an egg c.a sirloin steak d.a stalk of celery
The food item that is most likely to contain haploid cells is an egg.
What are haploid cells?A haploid cell is a type of cell that contains a single set of chromosomes or half the number of chromosomes as a diploid cell. The haploid number is the number of chromosomes that a haploid cell contains. The haploid number of human chromosomes is 23, while the diploid number is 46. Gametes, such as eggs and sperm, are haploid.
When two haploid gametes combine during fertilization, a diploid zygote is formed.The food item that is most likely to contain haploid cells is an egg. Eggs are reproductive cells that are produced by female animals. The ovary produces an egg, which then travels to the oviduct, where it is fertilized by a sperm cell.
During fertilization, the egg and sperm combine to form a zygote, which then develops into an embryo.The correct answer is b. an egg.
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if prokaryotes do not have mitochondria, then where are the enzymes for cellular respiration located?
Enzymes for cellular respiration are located in the cytoplasm of prokaryotic cells.
Prokaryotes are unicellular organisms that lack a nucleus and membrane-bound organelles.
The mitochondria are membrane-bound organelles that are essential for aerobic cellular respiration in eukaryotic cells.
However, prokaryotic cells lack mitochondria, and their enzymes for cellular respiration are located in the cytoplasm. The enzymes for cellular respiration are necessary for the conversion of glucose and oxygen to produce ATP (adenosine triphosphate) energy for the cell's metabolic processes.
The cytoplasm is a fluid-filled region of the cell that contains many cellular structures and molecules required for cell growth, maintenance, and metabolism.
Prokaryotic cells are usually small in size and have a high surface-to-volume ratio, which facilitates the efficient exchange of nutrients, gases, and wastes through their plasma membranes.
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which of these characteristics would you expect to find in a member of the bilateria?
a. Segmentation
b. Coelom
c. Two tissue layers (diploblastic)
d. Specialized head region
One would expect to find the characteristic of specialized head region in a member of the Bilateria. Thus, option D is correct.
Bilateria is an animal clade with bilaterally symmetric animals. They are members of the Kingdom Animalia that are characterized by having bilateral symmetry during the embryonic development stage. The other characteristic options were:
A. Segmentation: It is a characteristic of Annelids, Arthropods, and Chordates. Segmentation refers to the division of the body into many parts, each with a separate function.
B. Coelom: It is a characteristic of many animal groups, such as Mollusca, Arthropods, and Vertebrates. It refers to a cavity that is completely surrounded by mesodermal tissue and is present in most animals.
C. Two tissue layers (diploblastic): This characteristic is found in Cnidarians and Ctenophores, which have two layers of cells, ectoderm and endoderm. These animals lack a body cavity, nervous system, and circulatory system.
D. Specialized head region: It is the characteristic of Bilaterians, which have a complex nervous system with a distinct head region. The centralization of the nervous system makes possible the evolution of highly complex neural circuits, enabling behavior that is more complex than that of diploblastic animals.
Hence, we can conclude that the characteristic of specialized head region would be expected to find in a member of the Bilateria.
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after conjugation, the donor bacterium generally retains a copy of the genetic material that has been transferred, making conjugation a(n) process.
After conjugation, the donor bacterium generally retains a copy of the genetic material that has been transferred, making conjugation a(n) process. Conjugation works to transfer genetic material between bacteria.
What is Conjugation?Conjugation is a process by which genetic material is transferred from one bacterium to another. During conjugation, two bacterial cells come into contact with each other and transfer genetic material through a sex pilus. This genetic material can include plasmids or other extrachromosomal DNA that are not part of the bacterial chromosome.
After conjugation, the recipient bacterium will have acquired a copy of the genetic material that was transferred. However, the donor bacterium also retains a copy of the genetic material, which makes conjugation a process of genetic exchange rather than simply a one-way transfer. This means that both the donor and recipient bacteria can benefit from the genetic material that is exchanged during conjugation.
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we have learned about three macromolecules the body uses for energy sources: proteins, lipids, and carbohydrates. explain which of the three has the highest energy density (produces the most amount of atp) per gram.
Proteins have the highest energy density, producing the most amount of ATP per gram.
Proteins are composed of amino acids, which contain more energy than other macromolecules. During metabolism, proteins are broken down into their constituent amino acids and used to produce ATP through the Krebs cycle. When compared to lipids and carbohydrates, proteins are more effective at producing energy because of the way in which their molecules are structured. Lipids and carbohydrates contain fewer energy bonds, and so require more energy to break them down into usable energy sources. Additionally, the nitrogen-containing amino acids in proteins can help to boost the efficiency of ATP production.
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Which traits in the investigation showed blending of genes (incomplete dominace) where the dominant trait did not mask the recessive but rather there was physical evidence of both the dominant and recessive traits?
Answer:
skin colour, eue colour, sickle cell anaemia etc
Explanation:
These are traits that aren't fully transmitted from the parent's gene to that of the offspring
determine which events will increase the concentration of lac gene products and which will decrease the concentration of lac gene products.
The concentration of lac gene products can be increased or decreased based on different events, including inducing gene expression, increasing the amount of the gene, degradation, and deactivation of the promoter.
One way to increase the concentration of lac gene products is by inducing gene expression with an inducer such as IPTG. This inducer binds to the lac repressor protein, preventing it from attaching to the operator region of the gene and blocking transcription. As a result, transcription is allowed to proceed and the gene products are synthesized.
Another way to increase the concentration of lac gene products is by increasing the amount of the gene itself. This can be done through the process of transformation, where a foreign gene is inserted into a cell. The foreign gene is integrated into the cell's genome and its products are expressed as normal.
On the other hand, the concentration of lac gene products can be decreased through degradation or through deactivation of the promoter. Degradation occurs when the gene products are broken down by proteases, while deactivation of the promoter occurs when a repressor protein binds to it and blocks transcription.
In conclusion, different events can either increase or decrease the concentration of lac gene products, including inducing gene expression, increasing the amount of the gene, degradation, and deactivation of the promoter.
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what is the function of carbon dioxide (co2) once it is formed in cellular respiration? group of answer choices it is used to form glucose nothing, it is a waste product it is used to directly form atp it is used to create electrons
CO2 is not a waste product in cellular respiration, but rather a key molecule involved in the production of ATP. CO2 plays an essential role in the overall process of cellular respiration, which enables cells to generate energy to carry out their functions.
Carbon dioxide (CO2) is a byproduct of cellular respiration, a process by which cells generate energy from glucose and other organic molecules. Once formed, CO2 has a specific function in cellular respiration, which involves transporting carbon atoms and releasing energy.
During cellular respiration, glucose is broken down in a series of enzymatic reactions that generate electrons, which are then used to create ATP (adenosine triphosphate), the energy currency of cells. One of the key steps in cellular respiration is the citric acid cycle (also known as the Krebs cycle), which takes place in the mitochondria of cells. In this cycle, acetyl-CoA (a molecule formed from the breakdown of glucose and other organic molecules) enters a series of reactions that produce CO2 as a byproduct.
The function of CO2 in cellular respiration is to transport carbon atoms, which are released as CO2 during the citric acid cycle, to the electron transport chain, where they participate in the creation of a proton gradient. This gradient is then used to generate ATP, which cells use as a source of energy for various metabolic processes.
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What are the similarities with a insect, bat and bird wings
Answer:
They all can fly, they have to extend their body to the wings. They arent inherited from their ancestors.
Explanation:
Lichens show
(a) Symbiosis
(b) Commensalism
(c) Parasitism
(d) Cooperation
Answer:
a
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Explanation:
gtwnhrnruummumurumrjmrmmjmjmrrmrmmrmrrmmrmuumrmrmmrmrrmmrrmrumrmrmrmrmrrumrrmrururmrmmrmrrmrmmrmrumrumrmrmumurmmrrmmrmrmrrmrumrmrrmrmrmrmrm yeey ey wyey y.ee ywy wtwywttwyewtwywywyeyywtwwtwyeynyeyywnenenywywwnynyeeyeyeyeynnu
Which of the following is not considered a plasma protein?A. GlobulinB. AlbuminC. FibrinogenD. Hemoglobin
The plasma protein that is not considered a plasma protein among the given options is D. Hemoglobin.
Plasma is the clear fluid that makes up the majority of your blood, and it carries a variety of proteins, including globulins, albumin, and fibrinogen, among others. Plasma proteins play a critical role in maintaining a variety of bodily functions, including maintaining osmotic pressure, transporting molecules, and serving as enzymes, among other things.
Globulins are a group of proteins in plasma that help in the immune response and transport of lipids, hormones, and minerals. There are three main types of globulins: alpha, beta, and gamma globulins.
Albumin is the most abundant plasma protein and plays a vital role in maintaining the osmotic pressure of blood. It also helps in the transport of various substances, such as hormones, drugs, and fatty acids.
Fibrinogen is a soluble plasma protein that plays a crucial role in blood clotting. When blood vessels are damaged, fibrinogen is converted into fibrin, which forms a clot and helps prevent excessive bleeding.
Hemoglobin, on the other hand, is not a plasma protein. It is an oxygen-carrying protein found in red blood cells (RBCs). Hemoglobin binds to oxygen in the lungs and transports it to the body's tissues, where it releases the oxygen and picks up carbon dioxide, which is then transported back to the lungs and expelled from the body.
In summary, hemoglobin is not considered a plasma protein because it is found in red blood cells, not in plasma. The other three proteins, globulin, albumin, and fibrinogen, are all examples of plasma proteins.
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the tissue of interest reflecting back more intense sound waves and appearing brighter than the surrounding tissues is called:
The tissue of interest reflecting back more intense sound waves and appearing brighter than the surrounding tissues is called hyperechoic tissue.
What is hyperechoic tissue?Hyperechoic tissue is the type of tissue that reflects more sound waves back to the transducer compared to surrounding tissues, appearing brighter on the sonogram. For instance, a bone is a hyperechoic tissue because the sound waves are bounced back towards the transducer quickly, producing a bright image on the screen.
The reflective capacity of a tissue varies depending on its acoustic properties. In addition to bones, some other hyperechoic tissues include the diaphragm, the gallbladder wall, and the prostate gland.The significance of hyperechoic tissues lies in their ability to assist in the diagnosis of certain diseases. In certain disorders such as renal cysts or gallstones, the hyperechoic lesion is more apparent than the surrounding tissues.
Hyperechoic tissues can also be used in the diagnosis of tumors.Hence, the correct answer is hyperechoic tissue.
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what is the specific receptor site on the host cell that the virus needs to attach and infect?
The specific receptor site on the host cell that the virus needs to attach and infect is the cell surface receptor.
A cell surface receptor is a protein that spans the plasma membrane of a cell and acts as a signal transducer that recognizes extracellular molecules and stimulates an intracellular response.
This response could involve changing the membrane potential or an intracellular signaling pathway. The virus's attachment to a host cell is dependent on the presence of specific host cell receptors. The virus uses these receptors to enter host cells and replicate, causing disease.
Many viruses bind to specific proteins on the cell surface of the host, while others bind to glycoproteins or glycolipids. For example, the flu virus binds to sialic acid molecules on the surface of host cells, while the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) binds to the CD4 receptor and the chemokine receptor.
The binding of a virus to a cell surface receptor is often the first step in viral infection. Once the virus binds to the receptor, it triggers a series of events that result in the virus entering the cell and taking over its machinery to replicate itself.
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Use your knowledge of gene expression and antibiotic resistance to explain why it takes up to an hour for transformed cells to become resistant to ampicilin
Answer:
The ampicillin-resistance gene allows us to select which of the E. coli cells have been transformed based on their ability to grow in an environment that contains the antibiotic ampicillin.
Explanation:
major benefits of using pesticides include . multiple select question. increased crop yields development of pesticide tolerance reduced food costs decreased yield
The correct options are "increased crop yields" and "reduced food costs". So there were two correct options.
The major benefits of using pesticides include:
Increased crop yields: Pesticides protect crops from damage caused by pests and diseases, which can lead to increased crop yields and better-quality produce.Reduced food costs: By protecting crops from pests and diseases, pesticides can help keep food prices low and reduce the risk of food shortages.Development of pesticide tolerance: By exposing pests and diseases to pesticides over time, they may develop resistance or tolerance to certain pesticides, making them less effective. However, this is not necessarily a benefit of pesticide use, as it can also lead to the development of superbugs or superweeds that are resistant to multiple pesticides.Learn more about pesticides: https://brainly.com/question/25788752
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To ensure an ongoing water source, communities construct _____, which in turn create _____.
wetland sewage filtration systems; reservoirs
reservoirs; aquifers
dams; reservoirs
water tables; aquifers
reverse osmosis plants; dams
According to question , to ensure an ongoing water source, communities construct reservoirs, which in turn create wetlands.
What is a reservoir?
A reservoir is a large man-made or natural body of water that is used to store water. The reservoirs are also used to supply water to communities, for irrigation, and to generate electricity. The reservoirs can either be natural or man-made, but most of the reservoirs today are man-made because they can be easily designed and controlled to satisfy the demand.
In constructing reservoirs, they create the wetlands that ensure an ongoing water source for the communities.
The wetlands are an important component of a healthy environment and a habitat for various plant and animal species. They are beneficial in the sense that they help to filter water, provide an ecological home for waterfowl, and maintain the water flow.
Thus, reservoirs are constructed to ensure an ongoing water source for the community, and in turn, they create wetlands.
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The last organ in the digestive tract is the ____.
A. large intestine
B. small intestine
C. stomach
D. esophagus
Answer: The last organ in the digestive tract is the is B small intestine
Explanation: if you look at the human anatomy you can see that you have your esophagus, stomach, duodenum, large intestine, and the your small intestine.
I'm sorry if you could not see the picture and I hope this helps have a good day.
The last organ in the digestive tract is the large intestine. option A is correct.
In the digestive system, the food enters the mouth and then passes to the esophagus then passes through the stomach then passes to the large intestine, and then to the large intestine or colon. In the above process, the digestion process takes place.
The digestive system consists of the mouth, pharynx (throat), esophagus, stomach, small intestine, large intestine, rectum, and anus. in the digestive system salivary glands, liver, pancreas, and gallbladder make digestive juices and enzymes that help the body digest food and liquids properly.
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dicyclohexylcarbodiimide (dccd) reacts with asp and glu residues in the c subunits of f0 and blocks atp synthase activity. what happens to the rate of electron transport when dccd is added to actively respiring mitochondria?
Dicyclohexylcarbodiimide (DCCD) reacts with Asp and Glu residues in the c subunits of F0 and blocks ATP synthase activity. The rate of electron transport when DCCD is added to actively respiring mitochondria is decreased.
The Dicyclohexylcarbodiimide (DCCD) inhibits mitochondrial ATPase by covalently binding to a carboxyl residue. It reacts with the Asp and Glu residues present in the c subunits of F0, and as a result, ATP synthase activity is blocked. Mitochondrial ATPase (F1F0) is an enzyme that synthesizes ATP using energy from the electrochemical proton gradient that is generated by the electron transport chain during oxidative phosphorylation.In the absence of ATP synthase activity, the proton gradient generated by electron transport can not be used to generate ATP.
As a result, less ATP is synthesized by actively respiring mitochondria. The rate of electron transport decreases as a result of this. This reaction also inhibits the ATPase activity of other complexes involved in electron transport. As a result, it decreases the rate of electron transport and ATP synthesis in respiring mitochondria.DCCD reacts with Asp and Glu residues in the c subunits of F0 and blocks ATP synthase activity. The effect of adding DCCD to actively respiring mitochondria is that the rate of electron transport is decreased.
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what is a pulmonate snail? what is the radula of a cone? what can nudibranchs do with nematocysts of cnidarians?
Answer:
pulmonate snail: informal group of snails and slugs that are characterised by the ability to breathe air, by having a palatial lung instead of gills
radula of a cone: snails have hypodermic teeth that apart of the cones snails radula which is a ribbon of teeth common to most mollusks
what can nudibranchs do with nematocysts of cnidarians: nudibranchs the feed on cnidarians are known to store nematocysts within coidophage cells and use them for their own defense