This represents the cost for an x-mile taxi journey as a whole. C(x) = (2.2)x + 2.55
As per the details share in the above question are as follow,
The details provided are,
The cost of a taxi ride is a fixed charge of 2.50.
The added charges for the taxi that yiu get is 2.25 mile.
Therefore we have to find the cost of total miles.
So, to find the cost of total mile we have,
Total Cost of taxi ride for an x-mile=
C(x) = (2.25)x + Fixed Cost
Substitute the value in above equation we get,
So the equation is,
C(x) = (2.25)x + 2.55
For such more question on cost of a taxi ride.
https://brainly.com/question/24866021
#SPJ4
Note : The correct question would be as bellow,
In a certain city , the cost of a taxi ride is computed as follows: There is a fixed charge of $2.50 as soon as you get in the taxi, to which a charge of $2.25 per mile is added. Find an equation that can be used to determine the cost , C(x), of an x-mile taxi ride.
Which of the following entries would be made as the result of the revenue recognition principle? O A. Service Expense 1,000 Service Revenue 1,000 O B. Salaries Expense 1,000 Accounts Payable 1,000 O C. Accounts Receivable 1,000 Service Revenue 1,000 O D. Depreciation Expense 1,000 Accumulated Depreciation 1,000
Salaries Expense 1,000
Service Payable 1,000
would be made as the result of the revenue.
The revenue recognition principle expresses that you ought to possibly record revenue when it has been procured, not when the connected money is gathered. For instance, a snow furrowing administration finishes the furrowing of an organization's parking garage for its standard charge of $100. It can perceive the revenue promptly upon consummation of the furrowing, regardless of whether it anticipate installment from the client for quite some time. This idea is integrated into the accumulation premise of accounting.
A minor departure from the model is the point at which a similar snow furrowing administration is paid $1,000 ahead of time to furrow a client's parking area north of a four-month term. For this situation, the assistance ought to perceive an addition of the settlement ahead of time in every one of the four months covered by the understanding, to mirror the speed at which it is procuring the installment.
to know more about accounting click here:
https://brainly.com/question/1033546
#SPJ4
For the past five years, a person has had a $20,000 whole life insurance policy that has a cash value clause. The person decides to surrender the policy. At the time of surrender
A determined sum of money that takes into account both the interest earned and the premiums paid.
Interest is the payment of a sum over and above the principal amount (the amount borrowed) at a set rate by a borrower or deposit-taking financial institution to a lender or depositor. It is distinct from any fees the borrower may be required to pay the lender or another party. It also differs from a dividend, which is money given to shareholders (owners) by a company from its profit or reserve, but not at a set rate predetermined in advance, but rather as a percentage of the gains gained by risk-takers who take on risks in order to produce revenue, on a pro rata basis. For instance, if a consumer borrows money from a bank, they often pay interest on it, which means they pay the bank more money than they borrowed. Likewise, if a customer earns interest on their savings, they may take out more money than they initially put in. When it comes to savings, the consumer serves as the lender and the bank as the borrower. Interest is different from profit in that a lender receives interest while the owner of an asset, investment, or business receives profit. (Interest may include all or a portion of an investment's profit, but from an accounting standpoint, the two notions are different.)
Learn more about interest here
https://brainly.com/question/25793394
#SPJ4
John, the vice president of product development, not only stays with a chosen course of action on a product but continues to make increasing levels of investment even though the decision appears to be flawed. This course of action is known as ________
Escalation of commitment is the name given to this line of action.
What is Escalation of commitment?Escalation of commitment is a pattern of human behavior in which a person or group continues to behave in the face of more unfavorable results from a choice, action, or investment rather than changing their behavior.
The term "commitment bias" refers to our propensity to stick with our prior activities, especially those that were displayed in public, even though they did not provide the desired results. When a decision-maker invests resources in a course of action in the hopes of reaching a favorable conclusion and receives unfavorable outcomes, there is a danger that their commitment may escalate.
To know more about Escalation of commitment, visit:
https://brainly.com/question/28902904
#SPJ4
What can you say to encourage a customer to buy?
To encourage a customer to buy something establish a relationship of trust with your customers.Focus on the advantages of your products rather than their features.
How can you get customers to spend more?Create value and content. Businesses that give their customers access to their expertise are valued by customers. Offering advice is a great way to build relationships and get customers to spend more money by adding value.
The reasons you choose to purchase a product or service are referred to as your "buying motives." There are three types of reasons for buying: Supportive, rational, and emotional. Emotional motives are reasons to make a purchase based on how you feel.
What attracts customers to a product?When purchasing a new product, seven underlying factors primarily trigger buyers. In addition to security, FOMO, identity and belonging, price, peer recommendations, obligation, fear, price, and happiness, our motives include necessity and convenience.
Learn more about encourage a customer:
brainly.com/question/14297558
#SPJ4
Agency theory examines the relationship between the Multiple Choice shareholders of the firm and the firm's investment banker. owners of the firm and the managers of the firm. board of directors and large institutional investors. shareholders and the firm's transfer agent.
The correct answer is option B i.e. owners of the firm and the managers of the firm. If a department is operating efficiently, a Manager or Supervisor supervises the team members inside that division.
What do managers mean?A manager is a qualified someone who leads an organization and oversees a group of personnel. Managers frequently oversee a certain department within their organization. There are many different kinds of managers, but they typically have responsibilities including making decisions and conducting performance reviews.
Why are managers crucial?Simply said, firms wouldn't succeed without managers. By creating growth with high-performing teams, managers play a significant role in the sector. Overall, managers will always be a key component of every organization because of their involvement in activities like hiring and training new personnel as well as decision-making.
To know more about Manager visit-
https://brainly.com/question/17312484
#SPJ4
Which one is not a question that can be used to analyze if an action is ethical?
A) Is the information presented factual and honest?
B)Who is affected by these actions?
C) Is the action illegal?
D)Will the privacy and confidentiality of the company be protected?
Explanation:
C)Is the action illegal?
__________ are small loans extended to people in poverty, typically those who are unable to get normal business loans. A. Macroloans B. Microloans C. Collateral loans D. Credit loans Please select the best answer from the choices provided. A B C D
B. Microloans are small loans extended to people in poverty, typically those who are unable to get normal business loans.
Self-employed professionals, start-ups, micro-enterprises, small firms, and people with little financial requirements can all apply for microloans, which are short-term loans with lower loan amounts.
Microloans are tiny business loans or other forms of small financing that are given to low-income families or microentrepreneurs who have little or no access to banks or other financial institutions.
Microloans can be used for things like paying for ongoing costs, buying merchandise, and paying employees that are associated with beginning or expanding a business.
These business loans often operate similarly to traditional term loans: You borrow a fixed amount of money from a lender and pay it back over a predetermined period of time, plus interest.
To know more about microloans:
https://brainly.com/question/1088472
#SPJ4
________________is a trading strategy that seeks to capitalize on an anticipated decline in the price of a stock.
Short selling is a trading technique that aims to profit from a stock's expected price decrease. Hence, the correct answer is Short selling.
What exactly is short selling?A short sale is an investing or trading technique that bets on the price of a stock or other security falling. It is a sophisticated method that should only be attempted by seasoned traders and investors.
Short selling is the borrowing of shares of a stock or other asset that the investor expects to lose value. Following that, the investor sells the borrowed shares to buyers willing to pay the market price. The trader is betting that the price will continue to decline and they will be able to purchase the shares at a lower cost before the borrowed shares have to be returned. The risk of loss on a short sale is potentially infinite because the price of any asset might rise endlessly.
To learn more about trading, click
https://brainly.com/question/1578270
#SPJ4
What is the difference between undecidable and unsolvable?
The distinction between undecidable and unsolvable is that an unsolvable problem is one for which no algorithm has ever been created to provide a solution
What does it mean when a problem is intractable?An undecidable problem is one that should have a "yes" or "no" response, but for which there is no method that can provide a reliable solution across all inputs.No algorithm has ever been created to solve an unsolved problem. Undecidable problems are those for which no algorithm can ever be created that will consistently return a true or false answer for each input value.The distinction between undecidable and unsolvable is that an unsolvable problem is one for which no algorithm has ever been created to provide a solution. Undecidable problems are those for which no algorithm can ever be created that will consistently return a true or false answer for each input value.To learn more about unsolvable problem refer to:
https://brainly.com/question/30030225
#SPJ4
Which of the following statements is true about the righteous moralist approach to ethics? a. The righteous moralist approach is typically associated with managers from developed nations. b. The righteous moralist approach states that an action is judged desirable if it leads to the best possible balance of good consequences over bad consequences. c. The righteous moralist approach states that the only social responsibility of businesses is to increase profits. d. The righteous moralist approach implicitly rejects the idea that universal notions of morality transcend different cultures
The following assertion is true: (A) Managers from industrialized countries are frequently identified with the righteous moralist approach to ethics.
An upright moralist contends that a multinational's home country's ethical standards are the ones that businesses should adhere to abroad. Managers from industrialized countries are frequently thought to use this strategy. The idea that domestic norms of ethics are the best ones for businesses to adopt and put into effect abroad is known as righteous moralism.
Moral growth, individual values, family influences, peer influences, and life experiences are the personal variables that shape a person's ethical standards. There are three schools of ethics: deontological or duty-based ethics, consequentialist ethics, and virtue ethics. Each method offers a unique way to comprehend ethics.
To know more about Ethics, refer to this link:
https://brainly.com/question/11992384
#SPJ4
What is one advantage of a mixed market economy in a democracy ?
One advantage of a mixed market economy in a democracy is that it allows for more freedom and flexibility for individuals and businesses to pursue their economic interests.
This economic freedom encourages innovation, competition, and economic growth. It also allows for citizens to have a say in how their economy is managed, as they are able to vote for different policies that affect their lives. This leads to greater economic security, as individuals and businesses can be sure that their economic interests are being taken into consideration.
To know more about economics here
https://brainly.com/question/2113509
#SPJ4
What balance in retained earnings will the combined entity report immediately following the combination?
Balance sheet total means the aggregate of the amounts shown as assets in the company's balance sheet (that is before deducting both current and long-term liabilities).
What is combined balance sheet total?Similar to a single firm, the ending balance sheet of the consolidated retained profits is equal to the beginning amount plus the consolidated net income less the consolidated dividends. The consolidated retained earnings statement may only reflect dividends paid to the consolidated entity's owners. The balance sheet are determined by adding net income to the previous term's retained earnings (or deducting net losses from them), and then deducting any net income dividends paid to shareholders. At the conclusion of each accounting period (monthly, quarterly, or annually), the amount is determined.By combining the average daily balances of qualified linked deposit accounts for each particular cycle, your monthly combined amount is determined.To learn more about balance sheet from the given link
https://brainly.com/question/17456399
#SPJ4
The balance in retained earnings, the combined entity would reflect immediately after the business combination, is 300,000
What is a statement of retained earnings?Retained earnings is a term used to describe a company's past profits that have not been paid out as dividends. Appears in the equity section of the balance sheet. This is a measure of all profits the company has made since its inception. Retained Earnings is the net profit that a company holds for itself. Example: If your company paid a dividend of $2,000, your retained earnings would be $1,600.
Is retained earnings an asset or a liability?You can use your retained earnings to buy assets, but they are not assets. Retained earnings is actually considered a liability to the company as it is the amount allocated to pay the shareholders upon sale or acquisition of the company.
To learn more about retained earnings visit:
https://brainly.com/question/13416443
#SPJ4
Which of the following is not a characteristic of a fund as defined by GASB standards?
Multiple Choice
O A self-balancing set of accounts.
O A reporting entity.
O A fiscal entity.
O An accounting entity.
A reporting entity is not a characteristic of a fund as defined by GASB standards.
What are funds?
A fund is a pool of money that is allocated for a specific purpose. A fund can be established for many different purposes: a city government setting aside money to build a new civic center, a college setting aside money to award a scholarship, or an insurance company that sets aside money to pay its customers’ claims.
What are the three categories of funds prescribed by GASB standards?
Funds that are prescribed by GASB standards are:
Governmental funds.
Proprietary funds.
Fiduciary funds.
To know more about funds, visit: brainly.com/question/13129439
#SPJ4
which fraction is greater? a)3/18,2/6
Answer:
2/6
Explanation:
3/18 = 1/6
2/6 = 1/3
a third is greater than a sixth
The total expenses of organizing a party has a fixed expense of $250 as the rent of the place where the party is to be organized and a variable expense depending on the number of guests attending the party. For 10 guests the total expense was estimated to be $650. What is the estimated total expense for 20 guests
The total cost for a 45-person private party at the restaurant is $775. Medicare is broken into several segments based on what each part covers.
It is described as the relationship between two variables, and a straight-line result from plotting the graph of the linear equation. If there is just one variable included in the equation, it is referred to as a linear equation in one variable. In third-party-payer markets, there are differences between the parties who get the commodities and those who make the payment. Currently available platforms called third-party marketplaces allow vendors to offer their products or services for sale on a third party's website or application. The largest third-party payer, Medicare, is provided by the federal government. Medicare is broken into several segments based on what each part covers.
Learn more about Linear equations here:
https://brainly.com/question/20082205
#SPJ4
There are economic concerns surrounding the products that have been genetically engineered for particular traits, including pharmaceutical products, crops, and enzymes used in manufacturing processes. What are the proposed economic concerns that affect society
The change of the original gene is the economic worry that society has with products that are genetically engineered for certain qualities, such as medications, crops, and enzymes used in industry and industrial processes.
Which one of the following describes a genetic engineering disadvantage?There are occasionally dormant routes in plants that lead to toxic substances. Genetic engineering has the potential to revive these latent processes, which would also increase the levels of dangerous compounds in the plants.
What benefits and drawbacks does genetic engineering offer to our culture?It was feasible to generate crop kinds that were thought to be "more advantageous" thanks to genetic engineering. Contemporary genetic modification is more gene-specific than selective breeding. The potential for selective breeding to produce undesirable features is one of its drawbacks.
To know more about engineered visit:
https://brainly.com/question/16060176
#SPJ4
Give the Three Types of plans and define each concisely?
There are 3 types of Business Plans :
1. Operational Planning
This kind of planning often outlines how the business is run on a daily basis. Operational plans are frequently referred to as ongoing or single-use plans. Plans for one-time events and activities are called single usage plans (such as a single marketing campaign). Ongoing plans comprise policies for tackling issues, rules for particular laws, and procedures for a step-by-step process for achieving specified goals.2. Strategic Planning
A high-level perspective of the entire company is a component of strategic planning. It serves as the organization's fundamental framework and will guide long-term choices. The time frame for strategic planning can range from the subsequent two years to the following ten years. A strategic plan should include a vision, purpose, and values statement.3. Tactical Planning
Strategic planning is aided by tactical planning. It outlines the organization's intended strategies and methods for achieving the goals set forth in the strategic plan. The scope usually has a time frame of less than a year and divides the strategic plan into manageable parts. Operational plans ask how the organisation will typically carry out something in order to achieve the organization's objective, whereas tactical plans ask specific questions about what has to happen in order to achieve a strategic goal.The value of a levered firm will be than the value of an identical unlevered firm because the levered firm's taxes will be
Answer:
higher
Explanation:
hope this helps
Select all of the benefits to buying a home.
Answer:
The value of the home generally increases over time
The quality of your home increases
Once the mortgage is paid in full you own the home
You can make improvements in the place
What are the types of market economy?
There are two main types of market economies: free market economies and mixed market economies.
A free market economy is a system in which the prices of goods and services are determined by the open market and consumers. This economic system is based on supply and demand with little or no government control. This system promotes competition, which results in a wide variety of goods and services at competitive prices.
A mixed market economy, on the other hand, is a system in which both the private sector and the government play an active role in the economic process. The government will intervene in the market economy to regulate prices, ensure fair competition, and provide public services.
For more questions like Market economy click the link below:
https://brainly.com/question/24866236
#SPJ4
Which of the following is NOT a service design technique used to increase service efficiency?
a) Modularization
b) Increase customer interactions
c) Limit the options
d) Delay customization
e) Automation
Increase customer interactions is NOT a service design technique used to increase service efficiency.(option b is correct)
Service efficiency can be increased through techniques such as modularization, limiting options, delaying customization, and automation. These techniques can help streamline processes and reduce waste, ultimately leading to increased efficiency and improved customer satisfaction. Additionally, tools such as automation and technology can be utilized to automate repetitive tasks and improve efficiency.
Learn more about Service design here:
https://brainly.com/question/30199128
#SPJ4
The more companies an insurance company insures, the more likely they can predict the percentage of losses over a given period of time. This is known as:
The more companies an insurance company insures, the more likely they can predict the percentage of losses over a given period of time. This is known as Law of Large Numbers.
What does insurance mean in its entirety?In an insurance contract, one party is indemnified by the insurer against losses resulting from particular calamities or hazards. It aids in against financial loss for the insured person or their family. Insurance coverage come in a variety of forms. The most prevalent types of insurance are life, health, homeowners, and auto.
What sources are there for insurance?Someone discovered what some people believe to be the first written insurance policy on a Babylonian monument. The guild system developed in medieval Europe, with members contributing to a fund that covered their losses. Multiple investors would board ships bound for the New World in the 1600s in order to split the risk.
To know more about insurance visit-
https://brainly.com/question/27822778
#SPJ4
Suppose that the USA can make 15,000,000 cars or 20,000,000 bottles of wine with one year's worth of labor. France can make 10,000,000 cars or 18,000,000 bottles of wine with one year's worth of labor. From these numbers, we can conclude:
Which country has the absolute advantage in producing cars? (5 points)
Which country has the absolute advantage in producing wine? (5 points)
Which country has the comparative advantage in producing cars? Which country has the comparative advantage in producing wine? (Show opportunity cost calculations.) (10 points)
Should these two countries trade? Why or Why not? (10 points)
What would you suggest each of these countries produce? Explain your answer. (Make sure to include the number of cars and bottles of wine each country should produce) (10 points)
USA has the comparative advantage in the production of cars and France has comparative advantage in the production of wine.
What is comparative and absolute advantage ?Absolute advantage is a term used in economics to describe a party's better capacity for output. It specifically means the capacity to create a specific commodity or service for less money (i.e., more effectively) than a rival.
The ability of an economy to produce a specific good or service at a lower opportunity cost than its trading counterparts is known as comparative advantage. Comparative advantage is a theory that explains why businesses, nations, or people might gain from trade.
USA has absolute advantage in producing wind because that can produce 20000000 bottles of wine were as France can make only 18000000 bottles of wine USA has absolute advantage in the production of wine.
USA have the comparative advantage in producing car. Comparative advantage of USA in the production of car is
15000000÷20000000= 0.75
Comparative advantage of France in the production of car is
10000000÷18000000= 0.55
USA has the comparative advantage in the production of car
These two countries will engage in trade because USA has completed the production of car whereas France has comparative advantage in the production of wine. Car for USA will export car to France import wine and France full export wine to USA and import car make gains from trade.
To know more about absolute and comparative advantage visit:
https://brainly.com/question/13221821
#SPJ4
What are the rules of the government in a mixed economy?
The roles of government in the mixed economy are to maintain the social and legal framework, to provide public goods and services, to maintain competition, to redistribute income, and to stabilize the economy.
What exactly is the mixed economy?The term "mixed economy" refers to a system of economic organization in which the private sector's action is combined with that of the public sector, which acts as a regulator and corrector of the former.
Most economic decisions in a mixed economy are made through the market interaction of sellers and consumers. However, the state plays an important complementary role in it.
To know more about mixed economy visit:
brainly.com/question/28793850
#SPJ4
Gerald bought his son, David, a computer two years ago. Recently, he decided to buy his daughter, Julian, a computer of her own. In the context of the two-year gap between the purchase of both the computers and Moore's law, it is most likely that:
A. Gerald paid a higher price for Julian's computer.
B. David's computer will have a microprocessor with better power than that of Julian's.
C. Both David's and Julian's computers would cost Gerald the same price.
D. The microprocessor in Julian's computer will be more advanced in terms of power than that.
E. The power of the microprocessors, in both David and Julian's computers, would be the of David's. Same
All computers and several home and electronic gadgets are controlled by the microprocessor, sometimes referred to as the Central Processing Unit (CPU).
What do you meant by microprocessor?The logic and control for data processing are housed on a single integrated circuit or a small number of integrated circuits in a microprocessor. The central processing unit (CPU) circuitry for a computer is housed within the microprocessor.
As a result, microprocessor-based systems are utilized in a wide range of contemporary devices, not just computers and smartphones, including automatic product testing, motor speed control, traffic light control, communication equipment, television, satellite communication, home appliances like microwave ovens and washing machines, and gaming devices with integrated circuit chips. a CPU of the memory-equipped variety with associated circuitry
To learn more about microprocessor refer to:
https://brainly.com/question/13164100
#SPJ4
$53,000 is placed in an investment account that grows at a fixed rate of 2% (compound growth) per year. How much is in the account after four years
After 4 years he will have $57,369 credited to his account. $53,000 is put into an investment account that grows at a fixed rate of 2% (cumulative growth rate) per year.
A sum of $53,000 is said to be put into an investment account that grows at a fixed rate of 2% (cumulative growth rate) per year. In the account he will be asked to determine the amount after four years.
Use the compound interest formula to solve the given problem.
A= P(1+r/n)^nt, where,
A = Final amount after t years,
P = Principal,
r = annual rate in decimal format,
n = number of compounding per year,
t = time in years.
Let's convert the given rate to decimal form. Substituting the given values into the compound interest formula yields:
2%= 2/100= 0.02
A= $53,000(1+0.02/1)^1*4
A= $57368.90448 = $57.369.
So after 4 years he will have $57,369 credited to his account.
Know more about investment here:
https://brainly.com/question/15353704
#SPJ4
Refer to Figure 4-5. The movement from point A to point B on the graph is called
The movement from point A to point B on the graph is called an increase in the quantity supplied.
According to the law of supply, a higher price causes a higher supply while a lower price causes a lower supply. Tools used to summarise the link between supply and price include supply curves and supply schedules. A shift along the supply curve from point A to point B is referred to as a change or in the quantity delivered. A change in the product's price results in changes along the supply curve.
Businesses find it more profitable to increase output when the market price of a good rises in response to rising demand. This growth is shown by an upward supply curve. When everything else is held constant, supply is the amount of goods and services that a supplier desires and is able to provide at various costs.
To know more about a supply curve, refer to the following link:
https://brainly.com/question/26430220
#SPJ4
Jeffersontown has a zoning ordinance that requires all properties in a designated historic district to have brick or wood plank facades. No aluminum, cement board, or vinyl siding is allowed. What type of zoning is this
This is Aesthetic Zoning type of zoning. Zoning refers to municipal or local ordinances or rules that specify the permitted and prohibited uses of real estate in certain geographic areas.
Zoning specifies the kinds of operational and development uses of land that are permitted on a particular parcel. Districts and communities are often divided by municipalities based on a master plan. This might be done to save particular resources, reduce noise levels, reserve residential space for locals, and encourage economic growth. The local government may forbid the use of residential land for commercial endeavours in order to restrict commercial activity to certain areas of the community. Conflicts may result from such zoning if locals object to the intended use. Zoning regulations may also control the specifics of building in a certain community. For instance, regardless of the kind of development that is permitted, zoning might set a maximum height restriction for structures in a particular region.
Learn more about Zoning here:
https://brainly.com/question/28055787
#SPJ4
C
Which best describes how specialized producers decrease their opportunity costs?
ООО
by reducing production costs
by focusing on target markets
by increasing production of certain items
by limiting the types of goods produced
Answer:
by limiting the types of goods produced
Explanation:
Answer:
by limiting the types of goods produced
Explanation:
got it right on edge uwu
Question Mode Multiple Choice Question How is retailing in the United States different when compared to the European Union, China and India
The US retail sector has the highest concentration of large retail companies and the highest retail density.
How has the retail industry changed throughout time?The development of urban covered markets, specialized stores, and department stores during the 18th and 19th centuries marked the beginning of retail as an organized sector. In the late 1800s, catalogs offered consumers for the first time the chance to shop without leaving their homes.
What are the two most important environmental factors in the retail industry?The danger of supply chain disruption and the environmental impact of using raw materials are the two key factors that have an impact on retail. Every use of natural resources has some negative effects on the environment, and more people are concerned about reducing those effects.
To know more about retail density visit:-
https://brainly.com/question/14821691
#SPJ4
The US retail sector has the highest concentration of large retail companies and the highest retail density.
How has the retail industry changed throughout time?The development of urban covered markets, specialized stores, and department stores during the 18th and 19th centuries marked the beginning of retail as an organized sector. In the late 1800s, catalogs offered consumers for the first time the chance to shop without leaving their homes.
What are the two most important environmental factors in the retail industry?The danger of supply chain disruption and the environmental impact of using raw materials are the two key factors that have an impact on retail. Every use of natural resources has some negative effects on the environment, and more people are concerned about reducing those effects.
To know more about retail companies visit:-
brainly.com/question/29024439
#SPJ4