Vertical and horizontal transfer of infectious agents:
Infectious agents, such as bacteria, viruses, and parasites, can be transferred from one biological source to another through vertical or horizontal transfer.
What is Hepatitis?
Hepatitis refers to an inflammation of the liver, which can be caused by a variety of factors including viral infections, alcohol abuse, drugs, toxins, and autoimmune disorders. There are several different types of viral hepatitis, including hepatitis A, hepatitis B, hepatitis C, hepatitis D, and hepatitis E.
Direct contact: Infectious agents can be transferred through direct contact with an infected person or animal. Examples include sexually transmitted infections like gonorrhea and bacterial infections like tuberculosis.
Indirect contact: Infectious agents can be transferred through indirect contact with contaminated objects, surfaces, or vectors. Examples include foodborne illnesses like Salmonella, vector-borne diseases like malaria, and airborne diseases like influenza.
Droplet transmission: Infectious agents can be transmitted through respiratory droplets produced by an infected person during coughing, sneezing, or talking. Examples include COVID-19 and influenza.
Learn more about Hepatitis from the given link
https://brainly.com/question/20980613
#SPJ1
Which of the following is not a reason that nonnative species are reared outside their native ecosystems?
a.
They are commercially important.
b.
They are used to replace native species.
c.
They are used for restocking programs.
d.
None of the above
Which statement about radiation is FALSE? The polar regions do not receive as much solar radiation as the equator. Radiation can travel through the vacuum of space. Some radiation from the sun reflects off the clouds and back into space. All parts of earth's surface receive the same amount of radiation from the sun.
With continual improvements made to microscopes over time, magnification technology advanced enough to discover cells in the 17th century. This discovery is largely attributed to Robert Hooke and began the scientific study of cells. Over a century later, many debates about cells began amongst scientists. Most of these debates involved the nature of cellular regeneration and the idea of cells as a fundamental unit of life. The cell theory was eventually formulated in 1839.
The three tenets to the cell theory are:
1. All living organisms are composed of one or more cells.
2. The cell is the basic unit of structure and organization in organisms.
3. Cells arise from pre-existing cells.
Which TWO of these contributed to formation of the cell theory?
Responses
A Theodor Schwann stated that along with plants, animals are composed of cells or the product of cells in their structures.Theodor Schwann stated that along with plants, animals are composed of cells or the product of cells in their structures.
B Matthias Schleiden suggested that every structural part of a plant was made up of cells or the result of cells.Matthias Schleiden suggested that every structural part of a plant was made up of cells or the result of cells.
C Spontaneous generation was a widely held belief that stated that some vital force contained in or given to organic matter can create living organisms from inanimate objects.Spontaneous generation was a widely held belief that stated that some vital force contained in or given to organic matter can create living organisms from inanimate objects.
D Robert Hooke observed cork cells under the microscope coining the term "cell."Robert Hooke observed cork cells under the microscope coining the term "cell."
E Leeuwenhoek observed motile organisms which included protozoans and other unicellular organisms, like bacteria, calling them "animalcules," .
B Matthias Schleiden suggested that every structural part of a plant was made up of cells or the result of cells.Matthias Schleiden suggested that every structural part of a plant was made up of cells or the result of cells.
The idea that almost all living entities are made up of one or even more cells is a part of the cell hypothesis. The basic unit for life is the cell, according to the cell hypothesis. Three conclusions reached by Schwann were crucial to the development of a cell theory.According to Matthias Schleiden, cells or cell products make up every structural component of a plant. According to Matthias Schleiden, cells or cell products make up every structural component of a plant. Initially, Schwann came to the conclusion that cells made up both plants and animals. Second, each of these cells has an own life. Third, the existence of the organism is susceptible to these autonomous lives.
Learn more about cells
brainly.com/question/13524386
#SPJ1