Laws that discriminate on the basis of gender must survive which constitutional test?
a)

Strict scrutiny
b)

Intermediate scrutiny

c)

Rational basis plus

d)

Rational basis

Answer:

could you provide the background or more context to this question?

They're just asking for your opinion on the questions and why you think that way. I'm pretty sure there isn't a right or wrong answer.

Answer:

African American families faced numerous challenges in coping with the effects of Jim Crow segregation. The social and legal system of Jim Crow denied them basic civil rights, leading to significant discrimination and marginalization. The primary objective of Jim Crow was to maintain racial segregation and enforce white supremacy. In his book, "The Souls of Black Folk," W.E.B. Du Bois wrote about the psychological effects of segregation, the feeling of being "a problem" rather than a person. He described how the system created a double consciousness, where African Americans had to maintain their identity while simultaneously measuring it against the white gaze.

Segregation laws and policies that were put in place to maintain white supremacy affected every aspect of African American life. Segregated water fountains, depicted in the photograph from North Carolina in 1950, were just one example of the daily indignities that African Americans experienced. The cartoon "School Begins" by John McCutcheon (1954) captures the essence of segregation in the education system, where black children attended poorly equipped and underfunded schools while white children enjoyed better-funded and better-equipped institutions.

African American families also had to deal with the constant threat of violence and intimidation from white supremacist groups. Martin Luther King Jr. wrote about this in his "Letter from Birmingham Jail" (1963), where he discussed the pervasive fear of violence that prevented many African Americans from participating in the civil rights movement. King noted that violence was not only physical but also psychological, as segregation laws and practices perpetuated a sense of inferiority and powerlessness among African Americans.

Despite the many challenges and obstacles, African American families found ways to resist and cope with the effects of Jim Crow segregation. In "The Autobiography of Malcolm X" (1965), Malcolm X described how his family and others used education as a means of empowerment and resistance. He wrote about how his mother instilled in him a love for learning and the importance of reading, which helped him to break free from the limitations imposed by segregation. African American families also formed tight-knit communities and supported each other through mutual aid organizations, churches, and other social institutions.

The Supreme Court's landmark decision in Brown v. Board of Education (1954) declared segregation in public schools unconstitutional, paving the way for the eventual dismantling of Jim Crow. The decision marked a significant victory for African American families and civil rights activists, who had been fighting for decades to end segregation. The ruling acknowledged that segregation had a detrimental effect on African American children's education, paving the way for the integration of schools and other public spaces. However, as noted in Plessy v. Ferguson (1896), the Supreme Court decision that upheld segregation, the effects of Jim Crow would be long-lasting and difficult to undo. It would take many more years of struggle and sacrifice before African American families could enjoy full citizenship rights and freedom from discrimination.

Black Americans must become technologically literate at any costs, understood Washington and DuBois. But DuBois championed a paternalistic method of advancing the Black race, whereas Washington advocated a hands-on external strategy.

Du Bios battled racial prejudice throughout his life. He largely contributed to discussions on race, politics, and history in the United States throughout the first half of the 20th century by his writing and passionate speech on the subject of racial relations.

On the other hand, Du Bios openly criticized Washington's approach while emphasizing the value of intellectual rigor and equality for African Americans in all spheres of American life, without exception. His venomous abuse of Washington was at its strongest in his 1903 book The Souls of Black People. Black Americans must become technologically literate at any costs, understood Washington and DuBois. But DuBois championed a paternalistic method of advancing the Black race, whereas Washington advocated a hands-on external strategy.

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According to Jane Addams  the source of the great poverty that can be found in the cities are the settlements.

The reason is that they are not open to new ideas of industrialization and technology, therefore they lag  behind in advancements and remain poor.

Lack of resources to necessities like food, clothes, and housing constitutes poverty. Yet poverty is much more than just a lack of resources. According to the World Bank, "Poverty is hunger.

Primary poverty has to a lack of resources to cover essential expenses. Living in poverty is another term for it. When people just make  money to cover basic expenses, they are said to be in secondary poverty.

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Wage-earners having little power or wealth compared to their employers was a major cause of conflict between economic classes during the Industrial Revolution.

The shift from an agricultural to an industrial economy brought about significant changes in the social and economic structure of society. The rise of factories and large-scale industries created a new class of wealthy industrialists who held significant economic and political power. At the same time, many workers faced harsh working conditions, long hours, and low wages.This growing economic divide between the wealthy and the working class led to social and political tensions. Workers began to organize themselves into unions and demand better working conditions, higher wages, and greater rights. This led to conflicts between workers and their employers, as well as clashes between workers and the government. The struggle for worker's rights and better living conditions would continue throughout the 19th and early 20th centuries, ultimately leading to the rise of labor movements and the establishment of many of the worker protections and rights that exist today.

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The transatlantic slave trade was an oceanic trade in African men, women, and children which lasted from the mid-sixteenth century until the 1860s. European traders loaded African captives at dozens of points on the African coast, from Senegambia to Angola and around the Cape to Mozambique.

Native American boarding schools that teach English, adhere to American principles, and encourage students to give up their cultural practises are used to assimilate and acculturate Native American.

The goal of government Indian boarding schools was to forcibly remove American Indian, Alaska Native, and Native Hawaiian children from their families, Indian Tribes, Alaska Native Villages, and Native Hawaiian Community in order to culturally assimilate them.

In the late 17th and early 20th centuries, boarding schools like the one in "1923" first appeared as re-education centres with the slogan "kill the Indian to save the kid." attempting to “civilize” the Indigenous. Their hair was cut.

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Both the state and federal governments of the US have jurisdiction over Native American tribes.

Presently, the United States refers to tribal countries as "domestic dependant nations" and establishes the relationship between both the national, state, and tribal nations using its own legal framework.

Both United States and also the states wherein they live recognise American Indians & Alaska Natives as citizens. According to the standards each Tribe has established, they are also Tribal citizens. They came to the conclusion that almost all Native Americans, whether ancient and contemporary, are descended from a single population in Siberian that diverged from other Asians some 23,000 years ago and migrated into the now-submerged region of Beringia.

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The sentence that describes the paragraph best is: "Though some of their views may be similar to the original tenets of radical feminism, many feminists no longer associate with the term because they are trans-inclusive."

The paragraph discusses how the association of radical feminism with TERFs (trans-exclusionary radical feminists) has caused many feminists to distance themselves from the term, even if they hold some similar views. The paragraph also highlights that TERF ideology is not just transphobic, but it is a violent movement that partners with conservatives to harm trans people. The paragraph does not suggest that all radical feminists are trans-exclusive, engaged in violent protests, or that feminism was transphobic from the start.

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The answer is debatable, but many experts would argue that Afghanistan does not have a good base for democracy to be successful.

Overall, while the idea of democracy may have some appeal in Afghanistan, the country's political, social, and cultural context presents significant challenges to the development of a successful democratic system.

World War II contributed the most to the end of the Great Depression in Texas, due to the increase in industrial production, employment opportunities, and demand for agricultural and petroleum products.

Following the 1929 stock market crash, a period of economic catastrophe known as the Great Depression took place in the 1930s. It was characterised by a severe decrease in industrial output, a notable rise in the unemployment rate, and a generalised sense of economic distress. Many people in the United States are trying to make ends meet and are experiencing poverty, homelessness, and hunger as a result of this economic slump. People were unable or unable to spend money owing to economic uncertainty, which contributed to a major contraction of credit and a drop in consumer expenditure during the Great Depression.

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Answer:

True

When times are good and the economy is booming and people have money in their pockets, acquisitive crime declines. However, violent crime increases. The theory behind this is that people go out, spend their disposable income, get intoxicated and hit people.

When times are bad and the economy is in recession, violent crime decreases, this is probably down to the fact that people cannot afford to go out, get intoxicated and hit people. Incredibly, at times like this acquisitive crime increases. This is probably because people don’t have much so they go out and steal, presumably so they can generate some money, go out, get intoxicated and hit someone.

Answer: A

Explanation: Not needed.

A major victory for gay rights came in 2003, when in Lawrence v. Texas the Supreme Court ruled that states could not forbid gay marriage. The correct option is A.

Lawrence v. Texas is a historic Supreme Court case in which the Court declared that most criminal penalties for consenting, adult non-procreative sexual conduct are unconstitutional. The Court upheld the concept of a "right to privacy" that previous courts had found the United States Constitution to provide, despite the fact that it is not explicitly enumerated.

As a result, in this case, the Supreme Court invalidated sodomy statute throughout the United States, making same-sex sexual conduct legal in every State and territory of the United States.

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C- Mr Polk's War

Opposition to the Mexican-American War was primarily led by members of the Whig Party, who referred to it as "Mr. Polk's War." President James K. Polk had initiated the conflict in 1846 by ordering U.S. troops to cross the Rio Grande into what was then Mexican territory. The Whigs opposed the war on several grounds, including concerns over the morality of taking land from a neighboring country and the fear that the expansion of slavery into new territories acquired from Mexico would upset the balance of power between free and slave states. The war ultimately resulted in a U.S. victory, with Mexico ceding a significant portion of its territory to the United States in the Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo.

Answer:the history of immigrants in the united states show they died

Explanation:

The historical event in chronological order are the settling of immigrants in the south of the Sahara desert, Ghana became a great trading empire, Mali becoming West Africa's largest trading center, Muhammad Ture becomes ruler of the Songhai region and Europeans kidnap and enslave African people

Based on historical records, the following events in west African history can be arranged in chronological order:

1. People migrate and settle south of the Sahara desert - This event occurred over thousands of years and is believed to have started as early as 7000 BCE. The process of human migration and settlement in the region was influenced by various factors, including climate change, population growth, and technological advancements.

2. Ghana becomes a great trading empire - The Ghana Empire emerged in West Africa around the 6th century CE and grew to become a dominant trading power by the 8th century. It controlled the trans-Saharan trade routes and traded in gold, salt, and other valuable commodities.

3. Mali becomes West Africa's largest trading center - Mali succeeded the Ghana Empire in the 13th century and became a powerful kingdom that controlled much of West Africa's trade. Mali's wealth was built on the trade of gold, salt, and other goods.

4. Historian and scholar Ibn Battuta reaches West Africa - Ibn Battuta was a 14th-century Moroccan explorer who traveled extensively in Africa, Asia, and Europe. He visited West Africa in the 1350s and recorded his observations of the region's culture, politics, and economy.

5. Muhammad Ture becomes ruler of the Songhai region - Muhammad Ture rose to power in the 15th century and established the Songhai Empire, which became one of the largest and wealthiest empires in African history. The Songhai Empire controlled the trans-Saharan trade routes and traded in gold, salt, ivory, and slaves.

6. Europeans kidnap and enslave African people - European involvement in the transatlantic slave trade began in the 15th century and lasted for over 400 years. Millions of Africans were forcibly taken from their homes and transported to the Americas as slaves. The transatlantic slave trade had a devastating impact on African societies and continues to have lasting effects on the continent's social and economic development.

Overall, these events illustrate the complex and dynamic history of West Africa, from the early migrations of human populations to the devastating impact of European colonization and the transatlantic slave trade. Understanding this history is essential for appreciating the rich cultural and social diversity of the region and for addressing the ongoing challenges faced by its people.

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The action that President Ronald Reagan take to reassert U.S. dominance over the Soviet Union is: D .He increased the military budget and spending on nuclear defense.

President Ronald Reagan took a number of actions to reassert U.S. dominance over the Soviet Union during the 1980s. One of his key strategies was to increase the military budget and spending on nuclear defense, which included the development of a new missile defense system known as the Strategic Defense Initiative (SDI).

Reagan believed that this would give the U.S. a decisive advantage in any potential conflict witAfghanistan h the Soviet Union and serve as a deterrent to Soviet aggression. He also pursued a policy of supporting anti-communist forces around the world, including sending military aid to countries such as and Nicaragua.

Therefore the correct option is D.

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The Westward Movement, also known as westward expansion, was period in American history during 19th century when settlers moved westward across North American continent in search of opportunities and resources.

The Westward Movement was a period of American history during the 19th century in which settlers and pioneers moved westward across North America, in search of new opportunities and land to settle. This movement began in the early 1800s and continued until the late 1800s, when the western frontier was officially declared closed. The movement was fueled by a variety of factors, including economic opportunities such as gold rushes and fertile land for farming, as well as the idea of manifest destiny, the belief that it was the destiny of the United States to expand its territory from coast to coast. This expansion had significant impacts on Indigenous communities and the environment, leading to displacement, violence, and ecological degradation.

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Answer:

Revolutionary movements often emerge in response to deep-seated problems and injustices in society, such as economic inequality, political repression, discrimination, or corruption. In some cases, revolution may be seen as the only viable means of effecting change, especially if the ruling authorities are unwilling or unable to address the issues at hand through peaceful means.

However, revolutions can also lead to violence, instability, and loss of life, and their outcomes can be uncertain and unpredictable. Therefore, the decision to pursue revolution must be carefully considered and based on a thorough understanding of the risks and benefits involved. Ultimately, the choice of whether or not to support a revolution is a matter of personal opinion and depends on one's values, beliefs, and assessment of the situation.

The answer is A. They urged their states to secede from the Union.

They sent petitions to Congress, ran for political office and inundated people of the South with anti-slavery literature.

Slavery, the practice of owning another person. A slave was not given of the majority of the rights often enjoyed by free people since they were viewed by law as chattel, or property.

Slavery has been practiced historically in a variety of forms, including chattel, bond, forced labor, and sexual slavery. The basic elements of slavery, as is commonly acknowledged, include the deprivation of liberty of movement and legal rights.

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Making sure the author of a news article uses evidence to substantiate the assertions requires paying attention to where the material in the piece originates from.

Evidence supports the arguments made and encourages listeners to accept statements. Evidence comes in a variety of forms, and it frequently varies from one academic discipline or argument topic to another.

As it supports the writer's main point or argument, evidence is crucial while writing an essay. Evidence can be in the form of direct quotes from the text(s) or allusions to passages that bolster your argument.

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By 1786, A seriοus depressiοn was hitting the U.S. due tο the Revοlutiοnary War was the financial οutlοοk fοr the United States.

Shays' Rebelliοn, a blοοdy uprising that tοοk place in rural Massachusetts in 1786 and 1787, was sparked by a financial debt crisis at the cοnclusiοn οf the American Revοlutiοnary War. Althοugh Massachusetts was the center οf the crisis, οther states alsο faced ecοnοmic difficulties.

Fοllοwing the American Revοlutiοn, the year 1786 experienced a severe ecοnοmic dοwnturn. The lack οf authοrity in the new natiοnal gοvernment was its primary cause. The yοung cοuntry lacked a pοwerful central administratiοn with a sοund financial plan fοr running the cοuntry, cοllecting taxes frοm the peοple, and repaying its debts.

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T:James R. Messenger

Answer:

The Irish famine of 1845-1848 and the Ukrainian Holodomor of 1932-1933 are both tragedies in history that resulted in significant loss of life due to food shortages. However, there are also some key differences between the two events.

The Irish famine was caused by a fungus-like organism that attacked the potato crops, which was the primary food source for the majority of the Irish population at the time. This caused widespread starvation, disease, and death, particularly among the poor and rural communities who relied on the potato as their main source of sustenance. The famine was worsened by British colonial policies that exacerbated poverty and deprivation in Ireland, such as the exportation of food to other countries and the eviction of Irish farmers from their land.

The Ukrainian Holodomor, on the other hand, was a man-made famine caused by the policies of Soviet leader Joseph Stalin. The Soviet government requisitioned grain and other foodstuffs from Ukrainian farmers, leaving them with little to no food for themselves. This caused widespread starvation, malnutrition, and death, particularly among Ukrainian peasants who resisted the Soviet policy of collectivization. The Holodomor was also accompanied by other forms of repression, such as the arrest and execution of Ukrainian intellectuals, writers, and artists.

In both cases, the human toll was devastating. It is estimated that up to one million people died during the Irish famine, while the Holodomor is believed to have caused between three and seven million deaths. Both events also had long-lasting social, economic, and cultural impacts on their respective societies.

In summary, the Irish famine and the Ukrainian Holodomor share similarities in that they were both tragedies caused by food shortages, resulting in significant loss of life. However, they differ in their causes, with the Irish famine being a natural disaster exacerbated by colonial policies, and the Holodomor being a man-made famine caused by Soviet policies.

The Industrial Revolution was a period of significant advancements that changed the course of human history and began around the mid-18th century to about 1830

In this project, I will create a digital timeline of the most significant achievements of the Industrial Revolution.

Through this timeline, viewers will learn about the key developments that occurred during this period, such as the steam engine, textile production, and the rise of factories.

I will also assess the significance of these achievements and explore how they influenced economic, social, and political systems worldwide, shaping modern society as we know it today.

1712: Thomas Newcomen invents the first practical steam engine for pumping water from mines.

1764: James Hargreaves invents the spinning jenny, a machine that can spin multiple threads at once.

1769: Richard Arkwright invents the water frame, a spinning machine powered by water.

1775: James Watt invents an improved steam engine that is more efficient and can power machines in factories.

1785: Edmund Cartwright invents the power loom, a machine for weaving cloth.

1793: Eli Whitney invents the cotton gin, a machine that quickly separates cotton fibers from their seeds.

1804: Richard Trevithick builds the first steam-powered locomotive.

1825: George Stephenson builds the Stockton and Darlington Railway, the world's first public railway line.

1830: The Liverpool and Manchester Railway, the first intercity passenger railway, opens in England.

1834: Cyrus McCormick invents the mechanical reaper, a machine that can harvest grain much faster than by hand.

1856: Bessemer process for mass production of steel is developed.

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1. The colonial leaders use the Boston Massacre to their advantage by using it as a propaganda to drum up support against the British.

2. The committees of correspondence were powerful organizations because they spread political ideas and united opposition to British rule.

The Boston Massacre was a significant event in the lead-up to the American Revolution, and colonial leaders played an important role in shaping the response to the incident. On the night of March 5, 1770, a group of British soldiers fired into a crowd of colonists in Boston, killing five people and injuring several others.

In the aftermath of the massacre, colonial leaders such as Samuel Adams and Paul Revere used the incident to galvanize public opinion against British rule, arguing that the incident was evidence of the tyranny and oppression of the British government. They organized protests and demonstrations in response to the massacre, and used the incident to mobilize support for the American cause.

Answered question "HOW DID THE COLONIAL MASTERS USE THE BOSTON MASSACRE TO THEIR ADVANTAGE?

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Answer:

Although some animals may be harmful to humans, all animals are important in a food web because they play a crucial role in maintaining a balance of nature. In an ecosystem, each species depends on others for food, shelter, and other resources. The food web is a complex network of interactions among different species of plants, animals, and microorganisms, all of which are interconnected.

For example, predators such as lions, tigers, and wolves play a vital role in controlling the population of herbivores such as deer, rabbits, and antelopes. Without predators, the herbivore population could grow unchecked, leading to overgrazing and damage to the ecosystem. Similarly, herbivores are necessary for maintaining plant populations and preventing certain species from becoming dominant and suppressing others.

Other animals, such as insects and birds, play important roles in pollination, seed dispersal, and nutrient cycling. Microorganisms such as bacteria and fungi help decompose organic matter, which is essential for the recycling of nutrients in the ecosystem.

In addition to their ecological roles, animals also have cultural and aesthetic value. Many species are important in traditional medicine, and others have significant cultural and religious significance.

Therefore, it is important to recognize the value of all animals, regardless of whether they are harmful to humans, and to work to protect and conserve them and their habitats. By doing so, we can help maintain the balance of nature and ensure the long-term sustainability of our planet.