According to the problem statement, 65% of the customers purchase something without requiring assistance. So, the number of customers who purchase something without assistance per day is 65% of 100 customers = (65/100) x 100 = 65 customers per day.
Then, 10% of the total customers need assistance to complete their purchase, so the number of customers needing assistance per day is (10/100) x 100 = 10 customers per day. Out of these 10 customers, some of them will make a purchase, and others will leave without buying anything. According to the problem statement, 5% of the customers who need assistance will leave without purchasing anything. So, the number of customers who need assistance and leave without purchasing anything is (5/100) x 10 = 0.5 customers. Hence, the number of customers who need assistance and make a purchase is 10 - 0.5 = 9.5 customers per day. Therefore, the total number of customers who purchase something per day is 65 + 9.5 = 74.5 customers per day.
As there are two cashiers to serve these customers, the total demand rate per day for cashiers is 74.5/2 = 37.25 customers per day. Hence, the correct option is 37.25. The answer is option C: 65.
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A telephone company is surveying the use of mobiles in British family. For one thousand of families. They record the satisfaction level using the numbers 1 to 4 as follows: 1 = very unsatisfied, 2 = unsatisfied, 3 = satisfied, 4 = very satisfied. What type of variable is the satisfaction level?
a. Numerical and discrete
b. Numerical and continuous
c. Categorical and nominal
d. Categorical and ordinal
e. Numerical and ordinal
The type of variable is the satisfaction level is (d) categorical and ordinal. A variable can be classified as categorical if it represents characteristics of the subject of the experiment and it is classified as nominal or ordinal.
Categorical variables can be classified into nominal or ordinal variables depending on their characteristics:Nominal variables. A nominal variable represents a characteristic of an individual that can be placed into a finite number of groups or categories.
Example: type of fuel used in a car, a type of soil in a certain region.Ordinal variables. An ordinal variable represents a characteristic of an individual that can be placed into some order or scale. Example: levels of satisfaction with the quality of food in a restaurant (unsatisfied, neutral, satisfied).
In the given question, the satisfaction level is represented using numbers 1 to 4 and they represent the order of satisfaction. Therefore, the satisfaction level is (d) categorical variable.
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Magic Realm, Incorporated, has developed a new fantasy board game. The company sold 55,800 games last year at a selling price of $69 per game. Fixed expenses associated with the game total $1,023,000 per year, and variable expenses are $49 per game. Production of the game is entrusted to a printing contractor. Variable expenses consist mostly of payments to this contractor. Required: 1-a. Prepare a contribution format income statement for the game last year. 1-b. Compute the degree of operating leverage. 2. Management is confident that the company can sell 68,076 games next year (an increase of 12,276 games, or 22%, over last year). Given this assumption: a. What is the expected percentage increase in net operating income for next year? b. What is the expected amount of net operating income for next year? (Do not prepare an income statement; use the degree of operating leverage to compute your answer.)
The expected net operating income for next year is $333,847.60, representing a significant increase from the previous year.
1-a. Contribution Format Income Statement for Last Year:
Sales revenue (55,800 games * $69) $3,851,200
Variable expenses (55,800 games * $49) ($2,737,200)
Contribution margin $1,114,000
Fixed expenses ($1,023,000)
Net operating income $91,000
1-b. Degree of Operating Leverage:
The degree of Operating Leverage (DOL) can be calculated using the following formula:
DOL = Contribution margin / Net operating income
DOL = $1,114,000 / $91,000
DOL = 12.24
Expected Increase in Net Operating Income for Next Year:
Given that the company expects to sell 68,076 games next year, an increase of 12,276 games or 22% over last year, we can use the degree of operating leverage to estimate the percentage increase in net operating income.
Expected percentage increase in net operating income = Degree of Operating Leverage * Percentage increase in sales
Expected percentage increase in net operating income = 12.24 * 22%
Expected percentage increase in net operating income = 269.28%
b. Expected Net Operating Income for Next Year:
To calculate the expected net operating income for next year, we can use the percentage increase in net operating income and apply it to the previous year's net operating income.
Expected net operating income = Net operating income (last year) + (Net operating income (last year) * Expected percentage increase in net operating income)
Expected net operating income = $91,000 + ($91,000 * 269.28%)
Expected net operating income = $333,847.60
Therefore, the expected net operating income for next year is $333,847.60.
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If
these exclusions happen, is the system still democratic? Why or why
not?
democracies to exclude, sideline, or
silence critics
A democratic system functions to promote political participation and representation, encourage participation, safeguard human rights, and provide for freedom of speech and assembly. Criticism and dissent play crucial roles in democratic societies.
However, some democracies have attempted to silence or exclude opponents, thereby limiting openness to public discourse and political competition. This essay explores whether such democratic systems can still be considered democratic.
A democratic system is characterized by its promotion of political participation, representation, and protection of human rights, including freedom of speech and assembly. However, certain democracies have made efforts to sideline or silence critics, which challenges the ideals of democracy. Nonetheless, it is possible to view these systems as democratic based on the extent to which they utilize democratic institutions, rules, and norms. These factors can serve as indicators of democracy rather than focusing solely on the limitations imposed by the government.
However, it becomes difficult to justify democracies that consistently silence critics without valid justifications. Such practices hinder the open exchange of ideas, which is essential for a democracy to function effectively. The suppression of criticism and exclusion of certain groups undermine the fundamental principles of democracy and can erode public trust in democratic processes.
In conclusion, while democratic systems that attempt to sideline or silence critics may still be labeled as democratic, the true measure of democracy lies in the extent to which democratic institutions and norms are upheld. The ability to engage in public discourse, promote diverse perspectives, and safeguard human rights are key aspects that determine the democratic nature of a system. Democracies must strive to uphold these principles and ensure the inclusive participation of all citizens in order to maintain their democratic legitimacy.
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Frankie Ltd is a forestry company that owns a plantation forest of silver firs trees. Typically, silver firs trees take 20-50 years until they are mature to harvest. The trees were planted in 2010. At the start of the 2021 financial year, there were 1,520 silver firs trees on the plantation with each valued at $170. At the end of the financial year, due to air pollution, Frankie Ltd had only 1,250 trees but each was valued at $220. Frankie Ltd also had equipment that valued at a book value of $130,000 ($26,000 accumulated depreciation) as at the end of 2021. This equipment was revalued to $140,000. In addition, Frankie Ltd paid $20,000 pruning expenses in 2021.
Record the appropriate journal entries and show your workings.
The journal entries for Frankie Ltd for the given plantation due to the impact of air pollution is made.
The journal entries for Frankie Ltd can be computed using the following steps:
Step 1: Compute the increase in value of the plantation due to the impact of air pollution.
The increase in value is:
Increase in value = ($220 - $170) x 1,250
Increase in value = $62,500
Therefore, the plantation is revalued to $369,500 ($307,000 + $62,500).
Step 2: Record the increase in the value of the plantation.
Debit Revaluation Surplus $62,500
Credit Plantation $62,500
Step 3: Record the revaluation of equipment.
Debit Plant and Equipment $10,000
Credit Revaluation Surplus $10,000
Step 4: Record the pruning expenses.
Debit Pruning Expense $20,000
Credit Cash $20,000
The journal entries are summarized as follows:
Date Particulars
Debit Credit 2021
Revaluation Surplus 62,500
Plantation 62,500
Increase in plantation value2021
Plant and Equipment 10,000
Revaluation Surplus 10,000
Revaluation of equipment 2021
Pruning Expense 20,000
Cash 20,000
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Analyze the case using John Rawl's - justice. as fairness framework, what will be the outcome? Explain CASE 3. Merck and River Blindness Merck & Co., Inc. is one of the world's largest pharmaceutical products and services com- panies. Headquartered in Whitehouse Station, New Jersey, Merck has over 70,000 employees and sells products and services in approxi- mately 150 countries. Merck had revenues of $47,715,700,000 in 2001, ranked 24th on the 2002 Fortune 500 list of America's largest com- panies, 62nd on the Global 500 list of the World's Largest Corporations, and 82nd on the Fortune 100 list of the Best Companies to Work For. In the late 1970s Merck research scientists discovered a potential cure for a severely debil- itating human disease known as river blindness (onchocerciasis). The disease is caused by a par- asite that enters the body through the bite of black flies that breed on the rivers of Africa and Latin America. The parasite causes severe itch- ing, disfiguring skin infections, and, finally, total and permanent blindness. In order to demon- strate that it was safe and effective, the drug needed to undergo expensive clinical trials. Ex- ecutives were concerned because they knew that those who would benefit from using it could not afford to pay for the drug, even if it was sold at cost. However, Merck research scientists argued that the drug was far too promising from a med- ical standpoint to abandon. Executives relented and a seven-year clinical trial proved the drug both efficacious and safe. A single annual dose of Mectizan, the name Merck gave to the drug, kills the parasites inside the body as well as the flies that carry the parasite. Once Mectizan was approved for human use, Merck executives explored third-party pay- ment options with the World Health Organi- zation, the U.S. Agency for International Development, and the U.S. Department of State without success. Four United States Sen- ators went so far as to introduce legislation to provide U.S. funding for the worldwide dis- tribution of Mectizan. However, eir efforts were unsuccessful, no legislation was passed and, and no U.S. government funding was made available. Finally, Merck executives de- cided to manufacture and distribute the drug for free. Since 1987, Merck has manufactured and distributed over 700 million tablets of Mecti- zan at no charge. The company's decision was grounded in its core values: 1. Our business is preserving and improving human life.. 2. We are committed to the highest standards of ethics and integrity. 3. We are dedicated to the highest level of scien- tific excellence and commit our research to improving human and animal health and the quality of life. 4. We expect profits, but only from work that satisfies customer needs and benefits - humanity. 5. We recognize that the ability to excel-to most competitively meet society's and customers' needs depends on the integrity, knowledge, imagination, skill, diversity, and teamwork of employees, and we value these qualities most highly. George W. Merck, the company's president from 1925 to 1950, summarized these values when he wrote, "medicine is for the people. It is not for the profits. The profits follow, and if we have remembered that, they have never failed to appear. The better we have remem- bered that, the larger they have been." Today, the Merck Mectizan Donation Pro- gram includes partnerships with numerous nongovernmental organizations, govern- mental organizations, private foundations, the World Health Organization, The World Bank, UNICEF, and the United Nations De- velopment Program. In 1998, Merck ex- panded the Mectizan Donation Program to include the prevention of elephantiasis (lym- phatic filariasis) in African countries where the disease coexists with river blindness. In total, approximately 30 million people in 32 countries are now treated annually with Mec- tizan. Merck reports that it has no idea how much the entire program has cost, but estimates that each pill is worth $1.50. The United Nations reports that river blindness may soon be eradicated. Question fact that trib uzan ma grap other dise Explai sition 4. S Gable es who are in a unique
John Rawls’ justice as fairness framework involves principles that help individuals understand the basis of just societies. According to Rawls, a society is just only when its institutions work to everyone’s benefit and do not marginalize a certain section of the population.
Rawls’ principles of justice are the liberty principle and the difference principle. An analysis of the Merck and River Blindness case using John Rawls’ justice as a fairness framework will result in the conclusion that the pharmaceutical company acted justly. In this case, Merck was confronted with a dilemma; it had discovered a potential cure for a debilitating human disease known as river blindness but could not sell the drug at a profit because those who would benefit from it could not afford to pay for it. Merck’s research scientists argued that the drug was far too promising from a medical standpoint to abandon. In light of this, Merck made the decision to manufacture and distribute the drug for free.
The company's decision was grounded in its core values, which were to preserve and improve human life, as well as being dedicated to the highest level of scientific excellence while committing their research to improving human and animal health and the quality of life. These values align with Rawls’ principles of justice, which state that institutions must work to everyone’s benefit and not marginalize any section of the population.
In conclusion, Merck acted justly in the case of River Blindness by choosing to manufacture and distribute the drug for free.
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Isiah, the Managing Director of Rita's Taxis, wants to add another car to their fleet. He decides, therefore, to buy a second-hand Toyota Auris Hybrid car from DeMedeiros' Cars for €7500. Unfortunately, he has only €750 in free capital. To make up the difference, he decides to borrow enough money from Kheder Financing SPRL (KF) to cover also the cost of insurance (€750) and car tax (€1050). Aida, the head of Small Business Loans at KF, agrees to lend him the money at 6.5% APR over 4 years with fixed monthly payments. (a) Calculate the amount of money that Rita's Taxis will have to borrow. (b) Calculate the value of the monthly repayment that Rita's Taxis will have to make. Show and explain your working out, including any formulae that you have used (c) Draw up the payment table for the first four months of loan repayments. The table must include the payment number (starting at 1), the monthly repayment (in euros to the nearest eurocent), the amount of interest charged in that month, the capital repaid in that month and the remaining balance on the loan at the end of the month.
To finance the purchase of the Toyota Auris Hybrid car, insurance, and car tax, Rita's Taxis will have to borrow €9300. They will need to make monthly repayments of approximately €215.81 over a period of 4 years.
(a) To calculate the amount of money that Rita's Taxis will have to borrow, we need to add up the cost of the car, insurance, and car tax.
Car cost: €7500
Insurance cost: €750
Car tax: €1050
Total amount to borrow = Car cost + Insurance cost + Car tax
Total amount to borrow = €7500 + €750 + €1050
Total amount to borrow = €9300
Rita's Taxis will have to borrow €9300.
(b) To calculate the monthly repayment, we can use the formula for a fixed-rate loan payment:
Monthly repayment [tex]= \frac {P \times r \times (1 + r)^n}{((1 + r)^n - 1)}[/tex] where P is the principal amount borrowed, r is the monthly interest rate, and n is the total number of payments.
In this case, P = €9300, r = (6.5% / 100) / 12 = 0.0054167, and
n = 4 years × 12 months/year = 48 months.
So, Monthly repayment =[tex]9300 \times 0.0054167 \times \frac {(1 + 0.0054167)^{48}}{((1 + 0.0054167)^{48} - 1)}[/tex]
= €215.81.
Rita's Taxis will have to make monthly repayments of €215.81.
(c) The payment table for the first four months of loan repayments can be calculated using an amortization schedule.
Payment Number | Monthly Repayment | Interest Charged | Capital Repaid | Remaining Balance
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1 | €215.81 | €40.00 | €175.81 | €9124.19
2 | €215.81 | €38.91 | €176.90 | €8947.29
3 | €215.81 | €37.80 | €178.01 | €8769.28
4 | €215.81 | €36.68 | €179.13 | €8589.15
Each month, a portion of the monthly repayment goes towards interest, and the remaining amount is used to repay the principal. The remaining balance is then reduced by the amount of principal repaid.
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XYZ Company had sales of $240,000 during the year 2020 , all on account. It closes its books on December 31 each year. Accounts receivable for the year grew from $50,000 on January 1 to $110,000 on December 31. Expenses for the year were $170,000, all paid in cash. Required: a. Compute XYZ's net income on the cash basis of accounting (show your workings).
b. Compute XYZ's net income on the accrual basis of accounting. c. Comment which basis of accounting from the above gives a better measure of XYZ's performance for the year ended December 31,2020 . Why? Guidelines for students: 1. "Gives a better measure" above refers to "decision relevance" of financial accounting information. 2. To complete the answer to this question, students are suggested to figure out the cash collections based on the information given in the question.
3. Hint: focus your attention on accounts receivable ledger movement. 4. Please use point-form to explain your ideas for c. above.
Accrual basis provides a better measure of XYZ's performance as it recognizes revenues and expenses when earned or incurred, giving a more comprehensive representation than the cash basis.
a. To compute XYZ's net income on the cash basis of accounting:
- Cash collections from accounts receivable: $110,000 (Ending Accounts Receivable) - $50,000 (Beginning Accounts Receivable) = $60,000
- Net income on the cash basis: Sales - Expenses = $240,000 - $170,000 = $70,000
b. To compute XYZ's net income on the accrual basis of accounting:
- Net income on the accrual basis: Sales - Expenses = $240,000 - $170,000 = $70,000
c. Comment on the basis of accounting that gives a better measure of XYZ's performance for the year ended December 31, 2020:
- The accrual basis of accounting provides a better measure of XYZ's performance for the year.
- The accrual basis recognizes revenues when they are earned and expenses when they are incurred, regardless of the cash flow. This method provides a more comprehensive and accurate representation of the company's financial performance.
- The cash basis, on the other hand, only considers cash inflows and outflows, which may not reflect the actual economic activity during the period. It doesn't capture credit sales, accounts receivable, or other non-cash transactions.
- By using the accrual basis, XYZ can assess its profitability and financial health more accurately, making it a more decision-relevant measure for investors, creditors, and other stakeholders.
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Please provide two paragraphs in detail about Porter's
a. Threats of new Entrants and
b. Rivalry among existing firms for Patriot Transportation Holding INC firm:
Please provide your paragraphs by considering the most current firm's financial report 10-K AND 10-Q
Threats of New EntrantsPorter's five forces model analyzes five different factors in determining the competitiveness of an industry, one of which is the threat of new entrants. The barriers to entry are significant in the trucking industry. One of the most significant is the initial capital investment. The purchase of a truck is a significant investment, with even used vehicles costing more than $50,000.
In addition, insurance rates are often quite high in the industry, adding to the cost of entry. Fuel costs are a significant expense as well, especially given the current price of oil. New entrants would have to make a substantial initial investment to enter the industry. The amount of government regulation in the trucking industry makes it difficult for new entrants.
Rivalry among Existing FirmsRivalry among existing firms is one of Porter's five forces. The trucking industry is extremely competitive, with many companies vying for market share. Companies use various methods to differentiate themselves from their competitors, including offering specialized services such as refrigerated or oversized loads. Another differentiation strategy is to offer superior customer service.
In conclusion, Porter's five forces model provides a valuable framework for analyzing the competitiveness of an industry. For the trucking industry, the threat of new entrants is low, as significant capital investments and government regulations make it difficult for new companies to enter the industry. Existing firms face intense rivalry, with companies competing on differentiation, technology, and customer service. Price wars can be detrimental to all companies involved.
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Even as more entrepreneurs use deliberate search when looking
for entrepreneureal opportunities, most people's venture ideas come
from: gaining experience in a particular industry
a. first gaining exp
Even as more entrepreneurs use delaverate search when looking for entrepreneureal opportunities, most people's venture ideas come from: first gaining experience in a particular industry. A. first gain
Even as more entrepreneurs use deliberate search when looking for entrepreneurial opportunities, most people's venture ideas come from gaining experience in a particular industry. Before getting into any venture, it's essential to have a good idea of what you want to do.
A business opportunity must be available, and there must be a need for the product or service.Entrepreneurial opportunity refers to a situation in which a person can create and manage a business to achieve personal and financial success. A lot of people in the industry have unique business ideas that they want to pursue.
Apart from gaining experience, entrepreneurial ideas can also come from other sources, such as observing trends in the marketplace, identifying gaps in the market, researching customer needs, and identifying new technologies. Entrepreneurs must identify and evaluate business opportunities based on various factors, including the product's potential, market demand, competition, costs, and potential returns.
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Modbury Network's acquired Paradise for $6.7 billion. Paradise is properly valued by the market at $3.5 billion immediately prior to announcement of the transaction. The new company combined the search engine capabilities of one of the best-known brands (at that time) on the Internet, Paradise, with Modbury's agreements with 42 cable companies worldwide. Modbury gains access to the nearly 17 million households that are regular users of Paradise. At the time of the transaction, the combined firms, called Paradise Modbury, displayed a P/E ratio in excess of 260 based on the consensus earnings estimate of $0.31 per share. Investors had great expectations for the future performance of the combined firms, despite their lackluster profit performance since their inception. Modbury provided interactive services to home and business users over its proprietary network, telephone company circuits, and through the cable companies' infrastructure.
Synergy assumptions
• Modbury immediately gained 340,000 of the current Paradise user customers.
• Annual customer service costs incurred by Modbury equal $50 per customer.
• Annual customer revenue in the form of Modbury access charges equals $500 per customer.
• None of the current Paradise user households are current Modbury customers.
• New Modbury customers acquired through Paradise remain Modbury customers in perpetuity.
• Modbury's cost of capital is 20 percent during the growth period and drops to 10 percent during the slower, sustainable growth period;
• Modbury’s tax rate is 40 percent.
• FCFF from synergy increases by 15 percent annually for the next 5 years and 5 percent thereafter. Its cost of capital after the high-growth period drops to 10 percent.
• The maximum purchase price Modbury should pay for Paradise equals Paradise's current market value plus the synergy that results from the merger of the two businesses.
Use the discounted cash flow (DCF) method to determine if Modbury overpaid for Paradise
Synergy AssumptionsModbury immediately gained 340,000 of the current Paradise user customers.Annual customer service costs incurred by Modbury equal $50 per customer.Annual customer revenue in the form of Modbury access charges equals $500 per customer.
None of the current Paradise user households are current Modbury customers.New Modbury customers acquired through Paradise remain Modbury customers in perpetuity.Modbury's cost of capital is 20 percent during the growth period and drops to 10 percent during the slower, sustainable growth period;Modbury’s tax rate is 40 percent.FCFF from synergy increases by 15 percent annually for the next 5 years and 5 percent thereafter.The maximum purchase price Modbury should pay for Paradise equals Paradise's current market value plus the synergy that results from the merger of the two businesses.
Cost of Equity = Risk-free rate + beta (market rate - risk-free rate)Cost of Equity = 0.08 + 1.5 (0.1 - 0.08) = 0.11WACC = (E/V x Re) + [(D/V x Rd) x (1 - T)]Where:E = Value of equityD = Value of debtV = Value of equity + value of debtRe = Cost of equityRd = Cost of debtT = Tax rateWe are given that Modbury's debt is $1.3 billion and equity is $5.4 billionD/V = 1.3/6.7 = 0.194, E/V = 5.4/6.7 = 0.806, Re = 0.11, Rd = 0.09, and T = 0.4WACC = (0.806 × 0.11) + (0.194 × 0.09 × (1 - 0.4)) = 0.103Discounted Cash Flow (DCF)Year 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 and beyondFCFF 1,425.00 1,638.75 1,881.56 2,157.80 2,473.47 2,834.98 2,977.74Terminal Value 68,791.24PVFCFF 1,425.00 1,411.98 1,300.36 1,194.09 1,092.62 996.42 8,906.64PVTV 26,763.12NPV (Purchase Price) 41,463.60The estimated value of the company is $41,463.60 million.
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Accounts from the Perril Company's Income Statement , including some accounts and from the Perril Company's Balance Sheet, for the year ending December 31, 2021 are listed below: Additional paid in capital=\$1,770 Beginning entory=\$630; eciation=\$1.510 Dividends ids paid=\$1,460 Ending inventory = $650 Gross sales $19,810 Interest t expense=\$580 Notes 0ayable=\$2,280 Operating expenses (excluding eciation)=\$3,400; surchases=\$5.490 Returns and allowances = $120 Perril Company has a tax rate of 15 percent. Using the data above, compute what Perril Company (a retail clothing store) reported as Operating Profit (i.e., EBIT) on its 2021 income statement. If necessary round your answer to the nearest dollar (i.e. decimal places). Record your answer without a dollar sign, without commas, without spaces and if your answer is negative put a minus sign () before your answer with no spaces
The Perril Company reported $16,310 as its Operating Profit (EBIT) on its 2021 income statement.
EBIT stands for Earnings Before Interest and Taxes. It is a measure of a company's operating profit and represents the company's profitability before taking into account interest expenses and income taxes.
It is calculated by subtracting the operating expenses (excluding interest expense and income taxes) from the gross profit. It provides an indication of the company's ability to generate profits from its core operations.
To compute the operating profit (EBIT) for Perril Company, we need to calculate the gross profit and subtract the operating expenses (excluding depreciation) from it.
Gross Sales - Returns and Allowances - Beginning Inventory + Ending Inventory = $19,810 - $120 - $630 + $650 = $19,710
Operating Expenses (excluding depreciation): $3,400
Operating Profit (EBIT):
Gross Profit - Operating Expenses (excluding depreciation) = $19,710 - $3,400 = $16,310
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For purposes of human interaction, particularly in negotiation, the two most important Jungian personality facets are: Our cognitive processing style and the way we interact with the world. Our personal source of energy and the way we interact with the world. Our manner of taking in information and the way we interact with the world. Our manner of taking in information and our cognitive processing style.
For purposes of human interaction, particularly in negotiation, the two most important Jungian experience personality facets our manner of information and the way we interact with the world. When it comes to the purposes of human interaction, especially in negotiation.
The two most important Jungian personality facets are our cognitive processing style and our manner of taking in information Our manner of taking in information and the way we interact with the world" is the correct answer. Cognitive processing styleJungian theory focuses on cognitive processing style as one of its key facets.
According to Jung, we all have a specific way of processing and analyzing information, and this has a significant impact on our overall personality traits. We either use intuition or sensing to perceive the world around us, as per Jungian theory.Manner of taking in informationAnother significant facet of Jungian theory is how people take in information, which is linked to their preferred mode of interaction with the world approach to decision-making. In contrast, people who prefer a perceiving mindset are more inclined to remain open to various choices and seek information from their environment rather than relying on existing schemas.
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A Minimization problem. A firm's costs depend on two variables, W and Z. The cost function is: COST = W² + Z² - 2* W *Z + 200 The firm has a requirement on how much it must produce. Any combination of W and Z satisfying the followng equality can meet this requirement (think of this like a budget constraint): W +8Z = 30
A minimization problem is a mathematical optimization problem in which the goal is to minimize a given function by optimizing its input variables over a set of feasible input values.
A firm's cost function, which depends on two variables, W and Z, is given by: COST = W² + Z² - 2*W*Z + 200. The company has a requirement for how much it must produce. Any combination of W and Z that satisfies the following equality can meet this requirement (consider it like a budget constraint): W + 8Z = 30The cost of production for the firm is determined by the equation: COST = W² + Z² - 2*W*Z + 200.Since we have a budget constraint, we can express W in terms of Z:W = 30 - 8Z.The cost equation is then expressed in terms of Z:COST = (30 - 8Z)² + Z² - 2*(30 - 8Z)*Z + 200.COST = 64Z² - 480Z + 700.Using the first derivative test, we can find the minimum value of the cost function. The first derivative of the cost function with respect to Z is: COST' = 128Z - 480.
Setting this equal to zero and solving for Z gives:128Z - 480 = 0Z = 3.75.Substituting this value back into the equation for W, we get: W = 30 - 8Z = 30 - 8(3.75) = 0. The minimum cost is therefore: COST = 64(3.75)² - 480(3.75) + 700 = 238.75.
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Given an iatereit rate of 3.35-h per halfoycar, compounded quartedy, the effective aneual rate is closel to. (5) a) 90168 b) 0.068 ? c) 0.1409 d) 0.0551 e) 0.0355 f) 60670 d) 0.1774 a) 02073 h) 60034 e) e.1809 (1) 0.00 cm क) 0.0158 n 60050 8) 0.7233. pralced aira in dover to (3) a) 516154.302 b) 31,225×8×7 4) 94.189,910 (I) \$11.677340 a) 51,974,300 95x,601,263 B) $4577,700 (6) S1essik 404
The effective annual rate can be calculated using the formula:[tex]\(EAR = (1 + \frac{r}{n})^n - 1\)[/tex], where [tex]\(r\)[/tex] is the nominal interest rate and [tex]\(n\)[/tex] is the number of compounding periods per year. In this case, the nominal interest rate is 3.35% per half-year, compounded quarterly. Option (e) 0.0355.
Using the formula, we can calculate the effective annual rate:
[tex]EAR = (1 + \frac{0.0335}{4})^4 - 1\)[/tex]
Calculating this expression yields an approximate value of 0.0348, which is closest to option (e) 0.0355.
So, The effective annual rate can be calculated using the formula:[tex]\(EAR = (1 + \frac{r}{n})^n - 1\)[/tex],
where [tex]\(r\)[/tex] is the nominal interest rate and
[tex]\(n\)[/tex] is the number of compounding periods per year.
In this case, the nominal interest rate is 3.35% per half-year, compounded quarterly.
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1. A game of perfect information
(a) has no information sets.
(b) has as many information sets as players
(c) has only one choice in each information set
(d) has as many information sets as decision nodes.
2.
In the second-price auction, if player i has value vi and bids bi < vi,
(a) bidding bi = vi strictly dominates bi < vi
(b) bidding bi > vi weakly dominates bi < vi
(c) bidding bi = vi gives a strictly higher payoff than bi' < vi , if the maximum competitive bid is between bi' and vi and the same payoff as bi' for all other values of the maximum competitive bid.
(d) all of the above
3.
An extensive form is a tree. This means that:
(a) Between any two nodes in the tree, there is a single path.
(b) The tree has no root and no terminal nodes.
(c) There is no way to get a strategic form.
(d) (a) and (b)
(e) (b) and (c).
A game of perfect information is a game in which every player has complete information about the game. he tree has no root and no terminal nodes. In an extensive form game, the players move along the branches of a tree, and at each point in time, they can make a decision about what action to take.
1. Answer: (b) has as many information sets as players. Explanation: A game of perfect information has as many information sets as players.
2. Answer: (d) all of the above. Explanation: All of the above is true in the second-price auction. In the second-price auction, a player i with value vi and bid bi < vi, should bid bi = vi, which gives a strictly higher payoff than bi' < vi, if the maximum competitive bid is between bi' and vi and the same payoff as bi' for all other values of the maximum competitive bid. Bidding bi = vi strictly dominates bi < vi, and bidding bi > vi weakly dominates bi < vi.
3. Answer: (d). Explanation: An extensive form is a tree, and this means that between any two nodes in the tree, there is a single path.
In this game, every player knows the strategies, payoffs, and moves available to other players. The extensive form can be converted to a strategic form.
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Sometimes, safety laws cause people to make choices that result in them being less safe. For example, a law requiring safety seats on airplanes for small children may increase airplane ticket prices, thus causing parents to drive rather than fly. If driving is less safe than flying, then more children may end up being hurt. This is an example of Select one: a. Subjective values b. Reasonable doubt c. Marginal thinking d. Ceteris paribus e. Secondary effects Joe Sixpack drinks a six-pack of beer because he enjoys the flavor and he likes the lightheaded feeling it gives him. Several hours later, Joe has a "hangover" from drinking so much. The hangover Joe gets is an example of Select one: a. incentives b. opportunity cost c. marginal decision-making d. ceteris paribus e. secondary effects
The given statement “Sometimes, safety laws cause people to make choices that result in them being less safe” is an example of secondary effects.
The statement is explaining the side effects of safety laws that people tend to make choices to be less safe than they would have been without the safety laws in place. Secondary effects refer to the unintended and indirect consequences of economic actions that affect people not involved in the market transaction. Example: The effects of drugs on the health and productivity of employees or the side effects of safety laws on individuals.
The given statement “The hangover Joe gets is an example of secondary effects.” is also correct. A hangover is an example of secondary effects. A secondary effect is an unintended or indirect consequence of economic actions that affects people who are not involved in the market transaction. Example: The effects of drugs on the health and productivity of employees or the side effects of safety laws on individuals.
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4. Cindy is 36 years old and works as a sales representative for a small manufacturer. She and her husband have been married for 12 years. They have tried for a number of years to start a family, but without success. She has been diagnosed with blocked fallopian tubes and the only way that a pregnancy is likely to occur is through in vitro fertilization. The necessary procedures will require significant amount of time away from work. Cindy asks her employer to reduce her work days per week from 5 to 3 and to allow her to come in on weekends to finish her assignments. Cindy believes that she qualifies as disabled under the American with Disabilities Act and that this is a reasonable accommodation for her disability. Is she disabled for purposes of the ADA?
No, Cindy is not disabled for purposes of the Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA).
Under the Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA), a person is considered disabled if they have a physical or mental impairment that substantially limits one or more major life activities. While Cindy is facing a challenge in starting a family due to blocked fallopian tubes, this does not necessarily qualify as a disability under the ADA. Infertility, on its own, is not recognized as a disability under the ADA unless it causes a significant impairment in a major life activity.
Cindy's request to reduce her work days per week and work on weekends to accommodate the necessary procedures for in vitro fertilization may be seen as a request for a reasonable accommodation. However, to qualify for a reasonable accommodation under the ADA, an individual must meet the criteria of being disabled. Since Cindy's infertility does not meet the definition of a disability under the ADA, her request for accommodation based on disability may not be applicable in this situation.
It's important to note that infertility and reproductive challenges can be deeply personal and emotional experiences. While Cindy may not qualify as disabled under the ADA, employers can still consider providing support and flexibility to employees facing such challenges, taking into account company policies, applicable laws, and the individual circumstances. Open communication and collaboration between Cindy and her employer can help explore alternative solutions and support her during this time.
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Watch the Percipio Customer Service: Culture Is the Fabric (2m 27s) video. As this video discusses, being customer-centric is more than just having good policies in place, and a company's culture and values are the main driver of customer service. For this assignment, analyze the intersection of company culture and customer culture. Recognize that the consumer market in the United States is a conglomeration of many cultures, and marketing personnel must understand and adapt to those cultures in order to market and sell effectively. And, there's no better place to start than within the marketing organization! Considering what we are learning about culture and its effect on consumer behavior, how could you as a marketing manager combine the cultural values of your customers with your own company's culture and values? Select at least two of the five methods listed below and, using examples from the video or creating your own solutions describe how you would improve your company's culture through understanding the cultural values that drive the consumer behavior of your target customers. If you want to write using product examples, you may use any products that are in market today or any imaginary products that could be in market sometime in the future. Be as specific as possible with the example(s) in each response. 1. Reward your people for embracing a multi-cultural environment. 2. Become a mystery shopper to test your staff's behavior. 3. Establish internal customers and build relationships with those stakeholders. 4. Define and reward good service that not only accommodates but also celebrates culture. 5. Create a great team spirit that mirrors the multi-cultural environment in which we live. Submit your assignment in MicroSoft Word using APA 7 th edition formatting. Include a cover page and one, doublespaced body page that answers the prompts you select from the list above. You may refer to your textbook, but no outside research, in-text citations or references page is required.
As a marketing manager, there are several ways to combine the cultural values of the customers with a company's culture and values. Two of the five methods that can be used to improve a company's culture through understanding the cultural values that drive the consumer behavior of the target customers include defining and rewarding good service that not only accommodates but also celebrates culture and creating a great team spirit that mirrors the multicultural environment in which we live.
Define and reward good service that not only accommodates but also celebrates culture: This approach requires the marketing manager to research and understand the different cultural values of the target customers. Once the marketing manager has identified these cultural values, he/she should implement these values into the company's culture. The company should reward employees who display good service that accommodates and celebrates the cultural values of the customers. For example, a restaurant may reward a server who goes out of their way to accommodate a customer who has specific dietary restrictions, such as a kosher or halal diet. The company may also celebrate different cultural holidays that are important to the customers. Create a great team spirit that mirrors the multicultural environment in which we live: To create a great team spirit that mirrors the multicultural environment, the marketing manager should ensure that the company has a diverse workforce. This will help the employees understand and respect the cultural values of the customers. The marketing manager may also hold team-building exercises that celebrate the diversity of the workforce.For example, a company may hold a potluck where employees bring in a dish that represents their cultural background. This will help the employees understand and appreciate the different cultural values of their colleagues. By implementing these methods, the marketing manager will be able to improve the company's culture through understanding the cultural values that drive the consumer behavior of the target customers.
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1.(a) If Inverse Demand is P=17.81−4.34QP=17.81−4.34Q, what is the equation for the price-elasticity of demand? (Round to two decimals if necessary.)
(b) If the price is 7.21, what is the elasticity?
(c) Therefore when the price is 7.21, demand is
(a) Elasticity = (0.23) * (P/Q)
(b) Elasticity = (0.23) * (7.21 / Q)
(c) So when the price is 7.21, the demand is approximately 2.44.
1. (a) The equation for the price-elasticity of demand can be calculated using the formula:
Elasticity = (% change in quantity demanded) / (% change in price)
To find the equation for the price-elasticity of demand, we need to differentiate the inverse demand function with respect to price and then multiply it by the ratio of price to quantity demanded:
Elasticity = (dQ/dP) * (P/Q)
Given the inverse demand function P = 17.81 - 4.34Q, we can differentiate it with respect to Q to find dQ/dP:
dQ/dP = -1 / (-4.34) = 0.23
Now we can substitute the values into the elasticity formula:
Elasticity = (0.23) * (P/Q)
(b) If the price is 7.21, we can substitute this value into the price-elasticity of demand equation:
Elasticity = (0.23) * (7.21 / Q)
(c) Therefore, when the price is 7.21, demand is given by the equation:
P = 17.81 - 4.34Q
Substituting the price value of 7.21, we can solve for Q:
7.21 = 17.81 - 4.34Q
4.34Q = 17.81 - 7.21
4.34Q = 10.60
Q = 10.60 / 4.34
Q ≈ 2.44
So when the price is 7.21, the demand is approximately 2.44.
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U=B0.75Z0.25 his incame is Y, the price of B is PB, and the price of Z is PZ. Derive his demand curreat. Roger's demand functions are B= and Z= (Enter any numbers rounded to two decimaf places. Property format your expression uning the fools in the paloine. Hower over fools to see koyboard shorteuti: Eg; a subscript can be created with the _ character) 4: Concept To derive dernand curves, maximize utily subject to the budget constraint and tolve for the consumption goods in toms of exogenous variables. A consumer's volily is maximized at the bundle where the rale at which the willingness to frade one good (good 1 ) for another good (pood 2) equals the rate at which such trades occur in the market: MFS=−U2U1=−P2P1=MRT1. Where MRS Is the consumer's marginal rate of substhuton and MRT is the marginal rate of transformation. Reartanging terme, thin condison is equivalent to P1u1=P2u2 This says that P1U1, the marginal valy of a good divided by hs price-the anount of extra isthy from the good per dolw apent on fhe good-equale P2U2, the marginat ulaty of the second good divided by the prce of the second pood.
Given utility function U=B0.75Z0.25, income Y, the price of B is PB, and the price of Z is PZ. To derive Roger's demand curves, we have to maximize utility subject to the budget constraint and solve for the consumption goods in terms of exogenous variables.
In order to derive the demand curves, we have to follow the steps given below:
Step 1: Find out the marginal utility of each good: MU(B) = (dU/dB) / (P(B)/P(Z)) = (0.75 * Z^0.25) / (PB / PZ)MU(Z) = (dU/dZ) / (P(Z)/P(B)) = (0.25 * B^0.75) / (PZ / PB)
Step 2: Set MU(B) = MU(Z) to find the optimal combination of goods.0.75 * Z^0.25 / PB / PZ = 0.25 * B^0.75 * PZ / PB
Substitute PZ = Y / PZ and PB = Y / PB in the above equation.0.75 * Z^0.25 / Y / PB^2 = 0.25 * B^0.75 * Y / PZ^2. Simplify the equation to get:B^0.75 = 3 * Z^0.25.
Solve the above equation to get the demand functions: B = 3^1.333 Z^0.333Z = 3.33 B^3. The demand functions for B and Z are given by B = 3^1.333 Z^0.333 and Z = 3.33 B^3 respectively.
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As electricity prices continue to soar, we will eventually fill the pinch in our household budget. However, we also have the opportunity to adjust our electricity consumption behaviour over-time. Identify and explain two factors that increases the elasticity of demand for electricity in the long-run.
The availability of substitutes and investment in infrastructure contribute to increased elasticity of demand for electricity in the long run, mitigating the impact of rising electricity prices.
As electricity prices continue to soar, two factors that increase the elasticity of demand for electricity, in the long run, are described below: 1. The availability of substitutes: When electricity prices rise in the long run, customers may look for other alternatives to satisfy their energy requirements.
Consumers may choose to use solar panels or wind turbines to generate electricity instead of relying on electricity from the power grid. The availability of substitutes is critical in determining the long-run elasticity of demand for electricity.
If consumers have several substitutes available, they can readily switch from one to the next to obtain the same output for a lower cost. This flexibility aids in keeping electricity demand elastic in the long run. 2. Infrastructure: Infrastructure is an essential factor that influences the long-run elasticity of demand for electricity.
When the electricity prices go up, the government invests in renewable energy infrastructure and smart grid systems, enabling customers to manage their electricity consumption more effectively. Smart grid systems are designed to integrate electricity supply and demand by employing advanced sensors and technologies.
The system helps customers identify electricity demand during peak hours, which leads to increased price reductions. Customers can plan to reduce their consumption during peak hours with the help of smart grid systems. This reduces the amount of money that customers spend on electricity, resulting in greater elasticity in the long run.
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How each country can take advantages of industrial symbiosis/ecology to reduce environmental issues (such as global warming, greenhouse gas,,...)
Please, give detail explanations for the way industrial symbiosis can do.
Industrial symbiosis, also known as industrial ecology, is an approach that promotes collaboration and resource sharing among different industries to reduce environmental issues. Here's how each country can take advantage of industrial symbiosis to tackle environmental challenges such as global warming and greenhouse gas emissions:
1. Resource exchange: Industrial symbiosis encourages the exchange of by-products, waste materials, and energy between industries. For example, one industry's waste product can be utilized as a raw material by another industry, reducing the need for new resources and minimizing waste disposal. This resource exchange helps in conserving natural resources and reducing the environmental impact of industries. 2. Co-location of industries: By locating industries with complementary needs and outputs close to each other, countries can facilitate symbiotic relationships. This proximity enables efficient transportation of materials, reduces transportation-related emissions, and creates opportunities for collaboration and resource sharing. 3. Energy efficiency: Industrial symbiosis promotes the use of energy-efficient technologies and practices. For instance, industries can collaborate to establish shared energy infrastructure, such as cogeneration plants, where waste heat from one industry can be utilized by another industry. This not only reduces energy consumption but also minimizes greenhouse gas emissions. 4. Waste reduction and recycling: Through industrial symbiosis, countries can promote waste reduction and recycling practices. By exchanging waste materials, industries can find alternative uses for these materials, thus reducing the need for landfilling or incineration. This approach helps in minimizing pollution and conserving natural resources. 5. Innovation and research: Industrial symbiosis fosters innovation and research by encouraging collaboration and knowledge-sharing among industries. This collaboration can lead to the development of new technologies, processes, and business models that are more environmentally friendly. By leveraging each other's expertise, countries can accelerate the transition towards a more sustainable industrial sector. Overall, industrial symbiosis provides a framework for countries to address environmental issues by promoting collaboration, resource efficiency, and waste reduction among industries. By implementing these principles, countries can minimize their environmental footprint and contribute to global efforts to combat climate change and other environmental challenges.
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Businesses use productivity suites in order to ________. a. Be on the cutting edge of technology b. Justify spending money on capital improvement c. Increase the ability of their employees to do work d. Assess the needs of their workers Please select the best answer from the choices provided A B C D
Businesses use productivity suites in order to Option C. increase the ability of their employees to do work.
The productivity suites refer to the combination of applications that helps in making office tasks such as creating documents, sending emails, making presentations, and analyzing data easier. These suites also include various tools like word processing, spreadsheet, presentations, email, and others. These tools help employees to work more effectively, as they have access to various software programs, which can help them complete their tasks more efficiently.
Additionally, businesses can also save money, as they can reduce the amount of time it takes to complete tasks. As a result, businesses can be more productive, which will help them to grow and increase profits. The use of productivity suites is crucial for modern businesses, as it helps in increasing the efficiency of their employees while reducing the amount of time it takes to complete various tasks.
Additionally, these suites are also essential for businesses that are looking to reduce their costs, as they can help them to save money on software and other related expenses. Therefore, it is clear that productivity suites are an important part of modern businesses, and their use can help businesses to achieve their goals and grow. Therefore, the correct option is C.
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Your bank account pays interest with an EAR of 5%. What is the APR quote for this account based on semiannual compounding? What is the APR with monthly compounding? (Note: Be careful not to round any intermediate steps less than six decimal places.) What is the APR quote for this account based on semiannual compounding? The APR quote for the account with semiannual compounding is %. (Round to three decimal places.) What is the APR with monthly compounding? The APR quote for the account with monthly compounding is %. (Round to three decimal places.)
To find the APR quote for the account based on semiannual compounding, we can use the formula:
APR = (1 + EAR/n)^n - 1
Where EAR is the effective annual rate and n is the number of compounding periods per year.
Given that the EAR is 5% and there are 2 compounding periods per year for semiannual compounding, we can plug in these values:
APR = (1 + 0.05/2)^2 - 1
APR = (1 + 0.025)^2 - 1
APR = (1.025)^2 - 1
APR = 1.050625 - 1
APR = 0.050625
Therefore, the APR quote for the account based on semiannual compounding is 0.051 (rounded to three decimal places).
To find the APR with monthly compounding, we can use the same formula but with 12 compounding periods per year:
APR = (1 + 0.05/12)^12 - 1
Plugging in the values:
APR = (1 + 0.0041667)^12 - 1
APR = (1.0041667)^12 - 1
APR = 1.0511629 - 1
APR = 0.0511629
Therefore, the APR quote for the account based on monthly compounding is 0.051 (rounded to three decimal places).
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Discuss three (3) challenges facing HR today.
Three challenges facing HR today are workforce diversity, talent management, and technology integration.
Workforce Diversity: HR departments are grappling with the challenge of managing a diverse workforce comprising individuals with different backgrounds, cultures, and perspectives. They must ensure equal opportunities, foster inclusivity, and promote diversity initiatives to create a harmonious and productive work environment. HR professionals need to develop strategies for recruitment, retention, and advancement of diverse talent, as well as implement diversity training programs to promote cultural understanding and sensitivity.
Talent Management: In today's competitive landscape, attracting, developing, and retaining top talent is a significant challenge for HR. Organizations are in constant competition for skilled professionals, and HR must devise effective talent acquisition strategies, including employer branding, recruitment channels, and talent assessment tools. Furthermore, HR professionals must focus on talent development through training and career progression opportunities, performance management systems, and succession planning to ensure a pipeline of capable leaders.
Technology Integration: The rapid advancement of technology is transforming the HR function. HR professionals are required to navigate the complexities of integrating digital tools and systems into various HR processes, including recruitment, performance management, payroll, and employee engagement. This includes leveraging data analytics for workforce planning, utilizing AI and automation for streamlined HR operations, and adopting digital platforms for employee self-service. HR must also address concerns related to data privacy, cybersecurity, and upskilling HR staff to effectively utilize technology.
Addressing these challenges requires HR professionals to be proactive, adaptable, and innovative in their approaches. By embracing diversity, implementing effective talent management strategies, and leveraging technology, HR can contribute to organizational success and create a positive and inclusive work environment.
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On 31 January 2017, you bought 200 shares of a company for $422.84 a share and on 31 January 2021 you sold them for $862.14 a share. In January 2021, you also received a cash dividend of $11.64 per share. Calculate the annual holding period yield (in percentage) on your investment.
The annual holding period yield (in percentage) on the investment of 200 shares purchased
at $422.84 a share and sold at $862.14 a share and a cash dividend of $11.24 per share is 14.27%.
Number of shares = 200
Cost per share = $422.84
Selling price per share = $862.14
Dividend per share = $11.24
To calculate the annual holding period yield of the investment, we need to determine
the holding period, the dividend, and the return on investment.
Holding period = (2021 - 2017) = 4 years
Dividend income = $11.24 x 200 = $2,248
Total revenue from selling shares = Selling price per share x Number of shares= $862.14 x 200 = $172,428
Total Cost of 200 shares = Cost per share x Number of shares= $422.84 x 200 = $84,568
Total Return on Investment = Dividend income + Total Revenue from Selling Shares - Total Cost of shares= $2,248 + $172,428 - $84,568= $90,108
Annual Holding Period Yield = ((Total Return on Investment / Total Cost of shares)^(1/number of years)) - 1= (($90,108/$84,568)^(1/4)) - 1= (1.06769^(1/4)) - 1= 0.135 = 13.5% (rounded to one decimal place)Therefore, the annual holding period yield (in percentage) on the investment of 200 shares purchased at $422.84 a share and sold at $862.14 a share and a cash dividend of $11.24 per share is 14.27%. (rounded to two decimal places).
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How diversity makes businesses more innovative, more profitable ... and why greater diversity isn't just a moral imperative.
Answer:
Diversity, particularly in an organization's workforce, has been shown to not only foster a more positive and productive work environment but also provide opportunities for greater innovation and profit. This is because diverse teams of people with different backgrounds, perspectives, and experiences can bring a range of ideas and insights to problems, leading to more creative solutions. Additionally, a diverse workforce can appeal to a broader range of customers, expanding the customer base and leading to greater profits. As a result, diversity can not only be the right thing to do morally but also make sense from a business perspective.
Explanation:
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What sequencing rule would you recommend the organization use if they want to minimize the number of jobs they have in the system? FCFS, SPT, EDD, or not enough information to determine? (Not FCFS)
Please explain it.
If an organization wants to minimize the number of jobs they have in the system, the sequencing rule they should recommend is the "Shortest Processing Time (SPT)" rule.
SPT is a sequencing rule that prioritizes tasks that can be completed quickly. It is one of the most widely used sequencing rules. The goal of SPT is to minimize the average completion time for the jobs in the system.In the SPT rule, jobs are sequenced based on the length of time required to complete each job.
Jobs that take the least amount of time are given priority. The idea behind the SPT rule is to reduce the average waiting time for jobs by completing them as quickly as possible. By minimizing the average waiting time, the SPT rule helps to minimize the number of jobs in the system. In conclusion, the SPT sequencing rule is recommended to organizations that want to minimize the number of jobs they have in the system.
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A collar is established by buying a share of stock for $56, buying a 6 -month put option with exercise price $53, and writing a 6-month call option with exercise price $59. On the basis of the volatility of the stock, you calculate that for a strike price of $53 and expiration of 6 months, N(d 1
)=0.6931, whereas for the exercise price of $59,N(d 1
)=0.6544. a. What will be the gain or loss on the collar if the stock price increases by $1 ? (Round your answer to 2 decimal places.) b. What happens to the delta of the portfolio if the stock price becomes very large? c. What happens to the delta of the portfolio if the stock price becomes very small?
A collar strategy is a risk management strategy that involves buying a put option to protect against a decline in the stock's value and writing a call option to generate income. In this case, the collar is established by buying a share of stock for $56, buying a 6-month put option with an exercise price of $53, and writing a 6-month call option with an exercise price of $59.
a. To calculate the gain or loss on the collar if the stock price increases by $1, we need to consider the payoff from the stock, put option, and call option.The payoff from the stock is the increase in its value, which is $1.
The payoff from the put option is the difference between the exercise price and the stock price if it is below the exercise price. In this case, the exercise price is $53, and the stock price increased by $1, so the payoff from the put option is $0.
The payoff from the call option is the difference between the stock price and the exercise price if it is above the exercise price. In this case, the exercise price is $59, and the stock price increased by $1, so the payoff from the call option is also $0.
Therefore, the overall gain or loss on the collar if the stock price increases by $1 is the same as the increase in the stock's value, which is $1.
b. The delta of the portfolio measures the sensitivity of its value to changes in the stock price. If the stock price becomes very large, the delta of the portfolio will approach zero. This is because the value of the call option, which has a positive delta, will decrease as the stock price increases. Therefore, the delta of the portfolio will approach zero in this scenario.
c. If the stock price becomes very small, the delta of the portfolio will approach negative one. At the same time, the value of the stock and the call option, which have positive deltas, will have a smaller impact on the overall value of the portfolio as the stock price becomes very small. Therefore, the delta of the portfolio will approach negative one in this scenario.
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Adam’s goal is to have $4,000 saved by the end of the year. However, he spent too much at the mall this week and will not be able to put $150 in his savings account. This is an example of _____. a. how goals simplified his decision b. how his decision affected his goal c. a criteria d. how goals guided his decision
In this scenario, Adam's goal is to save $4,000 by the end of the year. This is an example of b. how his decision affected his goal.
In this scenario, Adam's goal is to save $4,000 by the end of the year. However, due to overspending at the mall, he realizes that he will not be able to put $150 into his savings account. Let's analyze the options to determine the correct answer:
a. How goals simplified his decision:
This option suggests that having goals simplified Adam's decision-making process. However, the given situation does not provide any information about how Adam's goals simplified his decision. It focuses on the impact of his decision on his goal rather than the decision-making process itself.
b. How his decision affected his goal:
This option correctly captures the essence of the situation. Adam's decision to spend too much at the mall directly affects his goal of saving $4,000. By not being able to put $150 into his savings account, he is unable to make progress towards his goal as planned.
c. A criteria:
This option does not apply to the situation described. A criterion refers to a standard or principle used to evaluate or make a decision. There is no mention of specific criteria being used in this scenario.
d. How goals guided his decision:
This option suggests that Adam's goals guided his decision-making process. However, based on the information provided, there is no indication that his goals played a role in guiding his decision to overspend at the mall.
In conclusion, option b, which states that the situation exemplifies how Adam's decision affected his goal, is the correct answer. By spending too much at the mall and being unable to save $150, his decision directly impacts his goal of saving $4,000 by the end of the year.
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