PLS help

explain the effects of the use of antibodies in the control of a disease

i will give brainly

Answers

Answer 1

Answer:

this website make summery about antibodies https://www.mblbio.com/bio/g/support/method/antibody-role.html#:~:text=Antibodies%20have%20three%20main%20functions,holes%20in%20the%20cell%20wall).

Answer 2
Three main functions of antibodies are provided:

1) Blood and mucosal antibodies are secreted and bind to foreign substances such as pathogens and toxins, which they inactivate (neutralization).
2) Antibodies activate an additional system for lysis destruction of bacterial cells (punching holes in the cell wall).
3) The phagocytosis of foreign substances is facilitated by phagocytic cells by antibodies (opsonization).

If a virus infects a human being, it invades his host cells to survive and replicate. Once inside, the immune system cells are unable to 'see' the virus and they do not know that the host cell is infected. In order to overcome these facts, cells employ a system that allows other cells to display what lies within them they use class I molecules known as the major histocompatibility complex proteins (or MHC class I for short). When the cell is infected with a virus, fragments of proteins made by a virus will appear in those pieces of peptide.

A special immune cell known as a T-cell is circulating in search of infections. One type of T cell is called a cytotoxic T cell by killing cells infected with toxic mediators by viruses. Cytototoxic T cells have on their surface specialised proteins to help virally infected cells recognise. These proteins are called receptors of cells T. (TCRs). Each cytotoxic T cell is TCRed, with which the antigenic peptide bound with an MHC molecule is specifically recognised. When a virus peptide can be detected by the T cell recipient, its T cell is warned that it will be infected. The T cell releases cytotoxic factors to kill the infected cell, thus preventing the infection from surviving.


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Related Questions


1. What is the primary function of the small intestines? (1 point)
A.uses mechanical digestion to break down food particles
B uses chemical digestion and absorbs nutrients the body needs
C carries food and nutrients throughout the body
D eliminates the waste the body does not need


A

Answers

Utilizes chemical digestion to assimilate nutrients for the body.

What are the small intestine's three purposes?

The small intestine's main jobs are to digest food, absorb nutrients needed by the body, and eliminate unwanted substances. Additionally, it contributes to the immune system by serving as a barrier to the diverse flora that lives in the gut and preventing the entry of dangerous germs.

Does food undergo chemical breakdown in the small intestine?

Most chemical digestion and nearly all absorption occur in the small intestine. Large food molecules are broken down chemically during chemical digestion into their component parts, which can subsequently be absorbed past the intestinal wall and into the bloodstream.

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Answer:

Explanation:

Answer is B uses chemical digestion and absorbs nutrients the body needs

Which greenhouse gas is internationally regulated due to its impact on the ozone?

Answers

Answer:

Chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs)

hope it helps.

Answer:

hope it's helps you have a great day keep smiling be happy stay safe.

Can someone help me with this

Answers

Answer: NO SORRY

Explanation:

If there is a nondisjunction during Meiosis II, what number of chromosomes or chromatids will the cells have in them at telophase II?

Answers

n+1, n-1, n, n

This is assuming that only 1 pair of homologous chromosomes fails to separate normally.

Please select the word from the list that best fits the definition

type of virus that begins to multiply immediately after it enters a cell



genetic material

active

inactive

vaccines

over-the-counter medications

ability to multiply

Answers

Answer:

availability to multiply or it could be active because it's an active virus but if it has the ability to multiply then it's just going to keep on doing it immediately faster and faster

Overhead view of mountains and rivers. Label B is at smaller flows of water that meet to create a larger flow of water at Label A.

Use the drop-down menu to identify what each label shows.

A
✔ river

B
✔ tributary

Answers

The diagram Illustrated shows that A is a river and B is a tributary.

What is a river?

A river is a body of water that resembles a ribbon and moves downward under the influence of gravity. A river may be both wide and deep or it may be only shallow enough to wade across.

A stream or river that empties into a larger stream, main stem river, or lake is referred to as a tributary or affluent. A tributary does not empty into the sea or the ocean directly. The surrounding drainage basin is drained of its surface water and groundwater by tributaries and the main stem river, which discharges the water into the ocean.

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Pentane with molecular formula C5H12, exists in three isomeric forms. One shows linear carbon chains, another has one -CH3 groups present on the third carbon atom, and the third has two -CH3 groups present on the second carbon atom. What types of isomers are these?
A.
Geometric isomers
B.
Structural isomers
C.
Halotropic isomers

Answers

The types of isomers present in Pentane with molecular formula C5H12 are Structural isomers, option B.

What is Structural Isomerism?

Structural isomers are isomers in which the atoms are completely different in order but have the same molecular formulas. Structural isomerism occurs when molecules have the same molecular formula but a different structural formula.

Different types of structural isomerism include chain isomerism, position isomerism, and functional group isomerism. C5H12 exists as three chain isomers, one -CH3 groups and two -CH3 groups. Because more branched isomers have weaker Van der Waals forces and thus lower boiling points, chain isomers have similar chemical properties but different physical properties.

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If a pure red flower is crossed with a pure white flower and neither allele is completely
dominant over the other, what will the offspring's phenotype look like?

y. 100% red flowers
z. 100% white flowers I
aa.50% red flowers and 50% white flowers
bb. 100% pink flowers

Answers

Answer:

100% pink flowers

Explanation:

If neither allele is dominant, it will create incomplete dominance. So the offspring will neither be red nor white, the offspring will be pink.

Problems of large size in animals

Answers

Answer:

could be not enough place or destruction to the environment

Answer:

Here's your answer

Explanation:

There is also a major disadvantage to being big. The body mass of an animal is proportional to the gravitational force that it experiences. So as an animal increases in mass, the amount of force that its skeleton needs to support or resist must also increase.

you are in the year where the earth has no more land available for houses you decide to build an apartment up and need things to survive in each earths 5 layers (troposphere,stratosphere, mesosphere, thermosphere, exosphere) Question: what things would you need to survive the stratosphere (starts cold and ends hot)​

Answers

Answer:

To survive in the stratosphere, you would need a space suit with a pressurized environment, oxygen tanks, a heat source, and a cooling system. You would also need a means of propulsion, such as a rocket or jetpack, to move around. In addition, you would need a way to communicate with other people on the ground or in other parts of the stratosphere. Finally, you would need a way to protect yourself from the extreme temperatures and radiation in the stratosphere.

Explanation:

Can an intersex male get his female pregant with his sperm? ( like a non intersex male)

Answers

Answer:

If an intersex person has a penis and testes that make sperm, they may be able to cause a pregnancy

Explanation:

UIZ:
.01: Layers of the Atmosphere
Quiz 1.01: Layers of the Atmosphere
Chemicals released into the air from human activity, such as sulfur dioxide and nitrous oxide, interact with the atmosphere to make acid
rain.
in which atmospheric layer does this process happen?
O stratosphere
Othermosphere
Otroposphere
O mesosphere
1 2
3
Reading Off
4 5
Next >>

Answers

Chemicals released into the air from human activity, such as sulfur dioxide and nitrous oxide, interact with the atmosphere to make acid rain, troposphere atmospheric layer does this process happen.

Which layer of the atmosphere holds the majority of the air pollutants produced by human activity?

The stratospheric ozone layer contains the majority of ozone. Over the entire world, the vertical extent or thickness of this layer varies with season and location. Air pollutants released by human activity cause ozone levels to rise close to the surface.

The major layers are the troposphere, stratosphere, mesosphere, thermosphere, and exosphere, listed from lowest to highest. Troposphere. The troposphere of Earth rises from its surface to a height of, on average, about 12 kilometers (7.5 miles), with its height being lower at the poles and higher at the equator.

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describe the process of blood clothing​

Answers

Answer:

Blood clotting normally occurs when there is damage to a blood vessel.

Explanation:

Platelets immediately begin to adhere to the cut edges of the vessel and release chemicals to attract even more platelets. A platelet plug is formed, and the external bleeding stops.

Next, small molecules, called clotting factors, cause strands of blood-borne materials, called fibrin, to stick together and seal the inside of the wound. Eventually, the cut blood vessel heals and the blood clot dissolves after a few days.

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Answer:

I think you mean blood clotting so umm

Explanation:

Blood is made up of many different cells—mostly red blood cells, white blood cells and platelets—as well as clotting factors. These and other elements float through blood vessels in a strawlike liquid called plasma.

The coagulation cascade is a complex chemical process that uses as many as 10 different proteins (called blood clotting factors or coagulation factors) that are found in plasma. Put simply, the clotting process changes blood from a liquid to a solid at the site of an injury. Here’s how the process works:

Injury. A cut on the skin or an internal injury creates a small tear in a blood vessel wall, which causes blood flow.

Vessel constriction. To control blood loss, the blood vessel immediately narrows (called constriction), which limits blood flow through the vessel.

Platelet plug. In response to the injury, tiny cells in the blood called platelets are activated. The platelets stick to one another and to the wound site to form a plug. The protein von Willebrand factor (VWF) helps the platelets stick to each other and to the blood vessel wall.

Fibrin clot. Next, blood clotting factors trigger production of fibrin, which is a strong, strandlike substance that surrounds the platelet plug and forms a fibrin clot, a meshlike net that keeps the plug firm and stable. Over the next several days to weeks, the clot strengthens and then dissolves as the wounded blood vessel wall heals.

Please select the word from the list that best fits the definition Brings drizzly rain

Answers

The word that bests fits the definition "Brings drizzly rain" is Brings precipitation.

What is precipitation?

Any liquid or frozen water that forms in the atmosphere and falls back to Earth is referred to as precipitation. It takes many forms, including rain, sleet, and snow. Precipitation, along with evaporation and condensation, is one of the three major components of the global water cycle.

Without changing the meaning of the sentence, the best word that replaces drizzly rain is precipitation which is considered to mean light showers. Rain is water droplets that fall to the Earth's surface as precipitation.

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Helpppppppp plsss it’s due at 11:59

Answers

The component of a vaccine that makes it effective is the antigen.

What is a Vaccine?

A vaccine is a biological preparation that induces active acquired immunity to a specific disease. It contains an agent that resembles an infective microorganism and is frequently composed of weakened or killed forms of the microbe, its toxins, or one of its surface proteins. Vaccines are intended to stimulate the body's own immune system in order to protect the individual from future infection or disease.

11) An antigen is a substance that causes the body to produce antibodies when it enters the body. These antibodies help the body recognize and fight the antigen if it enters the body again.

12) A vaccination is a way of introducing a weakened or killed version of a particular virus, bacteria, or toxin into the body. This weak or dead version of the virus, bacteria, or toxin stimulates the body's natural defense system to produce antibodies that are specific to that virus, bacteria, or toxin. These antibodies can then recognize and fight off the real virus, bacteria, or toxin if the body is ever exposed to it, thus preventing the individual from getting the disease. This is known as active immunity. The immunity created by the vaccination is typically long-lasting, and in many cases, lifelong.

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Which of the following is not a step in the mass production of an organic substrate in a fermentor?

Select one:
a. Inoculate the sterile media in the growth vessel with the microbe of interest.
b. Adjust the environmental conditions for optimal growth of the organism.
c. Add enzymes to catalyze all required steps in the process.
d. Harvest cells and purify the product.
e. Remove waste products and dispose responsibly.

Answers

Answer:

c. Add enzymes to catalyze all required steps in the process.

If the DNA is TTA convert into mRna and then into tRNA

Answers

Explanation:

uuA please can you send me the invoice for

What is breeding,explain in fully ?​

Answers

Hİ ♡

➡️ When viewed from the perspective of the Turkish Language Institution in general, the meaning of "correction or improvement" stands out for the word reform. To express it as to make any situation better.

byy••

Answer:

Breeding is mating or if an animal wants to reproduce (like having s e x), they will breed and have children. Humans are like the same. If humans want children, then humans mate because we're also animals...

Explanation:

man that was awkward

One way to determine the density of animals in an area is to use the mark-recapture technique. A number of individuals from a population are captured, marked so they are easily identifiable, and released back into the population. It's assumed that the captured and marked animals will randomly mingle with the rest of the population. Later, the population is re-sampled and the number of marked and unmarked animals is recorded. The following equation can then be used to estimate the size of the entire population. Gulded S Number of individuals marked in first catch Total population size, N Number of marked recaptures in second catch Total number of second catch If 25 Prairie Dogs were captured, marked, and released back into their population, and then subsequently 135 Prairie Dogs were captured, of which 18 were marked, what is the approximate total population size, N?

Answers

Answer:

The approximate total population size, N = 188 Prairie Dogs

Explanation:

The equation of the mark-recapture technique of determining population density is given below:

Number of individuals marked in the first catch/Total population size, N = Number of marked recaptures in second catch/Total number of second catch

If 25 Prairie Dogs were captured, marked, and released back into their population, and then subsequently 135 Prairie Dogs were captured, of which 18 were marked

Number of dogs marked in first catch = 25

Number of marked recaptures in the second catch = 18

Total number of second catch = 135

Substituting the given figures and solving for N, the total population:

25/N = 18/135

18N = 25 × 135

18N = 3375

N = 3375/18

N = 187.5

Thus, the approximate total population size, N = 188 Prairie Dogs

can ecosystem survive with only producers​

Answers

Answer:

no

Explanation:

What terms identifies multiple pathways for energy flow within an area

Answers

Producer, Consumer, Decomposer.

The unicellular green alga Chlorella is often used as a model organism to study the effects of various substances on the growth of photosynthetic organisms. Researchers studying the detoxification of certain metals by Chlorella first collected data on the growth dynamics of the alga. A small number of Chlorella were added to 1,500 mL of culture medium that contained all of the inorganic nutrients needed for growth. Every five days for 30 days, the researchers performed multiple counts to determine the concentration of Chlorella in the culture. a. Describe why the amount of light available to the Chlorella culture might affect the growth dynamics of the alga.

Answers

Answer:

It depends on the light for its growth.

Explanation:

The amount of light available to the Chlorella culture might affect the growth dynamics of the algae because Chlorella is just like plant that prepare their own food with the presence of light. If there is more amount of light received by the Chlorella algae, it prepare more food and more growth occurs while on the other hand, if there is less amount of light available to Chlorella algae so it produce less amount of food and less growth will occur.

Daily rate of spermatogenesis

Answers

Answer:  What's the rate of sperm production? Your testicles are constantly producing new sperm in spermatogenesis. The full process takes about 64 days. During spermatogenesis, your testicles make several million sperm per day — about 1,500 per second.

Explanation:

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Match each stage of demographic transition with its correct description. (3 points)

a. High birthrates, high infant mortality rate, no health services or family planning options
b. High birthrates, decline in deathrates, increased health services but limited family planning options
c. Low birthrates, low deathrates, higher quality of health services and family planning options
here's the CORRECT answer
Stage 1 A
Stage 2 B
Stage 3 C

Answers

The stage of demographic transition with its correct description include the following below:

Stage 1 - High birthrates, high infant mortality rate, no health services or family planning options which is denoted as option AStage 2 - High birthrates, decline in death rates, increased health services but limited family planning options which is denoted as option B.Stage 3 - Low birthrates, low death rates, higher quality of health services and family planning options which is denoted as option C.

What is Demographic?

This is a term which is used to describe the statistical characteristics of human populations such as age or gender and is also used especially to identify different types of markets.

In the chart we can see that the birth rate was falling in stage 3 mwhich means that there are family planning options which is adopted hence such result.

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Cuáles son las definiciones de la segunda ley de la termodinámica?

Ayudaaa!

Answers

Answer:

La consistencia de la energía es el tema de la Segunda Ley de la Termodinámica. Afirma que cuando la energía se transmite o se convierte, se pierde una mayor proporción de ella. La Segunda Ley también señala que toda estructura aislada tiene una propensión normal a degenerar en un estado más desordenado.

Explanation:

The fossil of S. crassirostris was found in limestone that formed in a warm sea-
water lagoon. What could you infer were the feeding habits and food of this
animal? Explain your answer.

Answers

The location of the fossil of S. crassirostris suggests that they might have eaten similar to modern-day "skimmers," a rare breed of shorebirds from the genus Rynchops that flies over still bodies of water and uses its submerged lower jaw to scoop up small fish and crustaceans.

What are Feeding Habits?

The term "feeding habit" can apply to both the type of food that an animal consumes and the manner in which it obtains it.

Fossils are any surviving remains, impressions, or evidence of a once-living thing from a previous geological epoch. Examples include exoskeletons, bones, shells, animal or microbe imprints in stone, items preserved in amber, hair, petrified wood, and DNA traces.

An example is the fossil of S. crassirostris was found in limestone that formed in a warm sea-water lagoon.

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A healthy yellow leaf has
A, No chloroplast
B, xanthophylls
C, no living cell
D, No photosynthesis​

Answers

a healthy yellow leaf has no chloroplast.

Do red blood cells have heterochromatin?

Answers

Yes, red blood cells have heterochromatin. Heterochromatin is a part of eukaryotic genomes responsible for gene expression DNA Repair and replication.

Differentiation of Erythroid to mature red blood cells(RBC) is done by multiple erythropoietin operated by signal transduction pathways, this process is also called terminal erythropoiesis. During this process chromatin gradually condenses which is critical for red cell terminal differentiation and final enucleation.

Therefore, the deciphered red blood cells could gain more space for hemoglobin development and flexibility to pass through terminal capillaries.

Chromatin exists in two forms euchromatin, is less condensed, and can be duplicated whereas heterochromatin, is highly concentrated and is typically not duplicated.

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an object decelerate uniformly from 60.0m/s to a stop in 10.0s what is it acceleration?
a. 6.0m/S2
b. -6.0/S2
c.600m/S2
d.-600m/S2

Answers

Answer:

I'm not 100% sure, but I think its a. 6.0m/s2

Formula=(v-u)/t
(0-60)/10= -6.0m/s

The autonomic nervous system is the part of the peripheral nervous system that is responsible for
1. skeletal muscle movement.
2. involuntary bodily functions, such as sweating.
3. light, sound, taste, and smell detection.
4. new cell development.

Answers

the correct answer is 3. light, sound, taste, and smell
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yeaahhhh help please i beg for your help -^- can someone write a myth or give me ideas on what to write a myth about? The logging industry has had a very productive thirty years and as a result, the demand for labor has been increasing a little each year and equilibrium wages rose each year. If the logging industry productivity were to slow down, what is likely to happen to equilibrium wages 9 An object of mass 1.2kg is moving with a velocity of 2.0m/s when it is acted on by a force of4.0 N. The velocity of the object increases to 5.0 m/s.For what period of time does the force act on the object? n/5+4 = -4. I need help very bad please GIVING BRAINLIEST! HELP U.S. National For1. What is the role of the Forest Service? What controversy surrounds its practices? Where in the body do you think cells must divide frequently in adults? If x = 7 p and y = 3p + 4, which of the followingexpresses y in terms of x ?f. 17-xg. 25-xh. 17-3xj. 25-3xk. 25-3x Please if anyone can provide the answer I will manifest tranquility for eternity upon you, I have the brain capacity of an infant For each situation, make a tree diagram to show the sample space. Then give the total number of outcomes.choosing a silver, black, or red CD player and choosing a rock, country, or rap CDa. 3c. 9b. 6d. 12 If a temperature at 9pm i one third the temperature at midnight then what i the anwer ? 23Read the excerpt from act 3, scene 4 of The Tragedy ofMacbeth.Macbeth. Then comes my fit again: I had else beenperfect;Whole as the marble, founded as the rock,As broad and general as the casing air:But now I am cabin'd, cribb'd, confin'd, bound inTo saucy doubts and fears. But Banquo 's safe?First Murderer. Ay, my good lord; safe in a ditch hebides,With twenty trenched gashes on his head;The least a death to nature.Macbeth. Thanks for that.There the grown serpent lies: the worm that's fledHath nature that in time will venom breed,No teeth for the present. Get thee gone; to-morrowWe'll hear ourselves again.What is Macbeth comparing in the metaphor "there thegrown serpent lies"?O death and a snakenature and a snakeO Macbeth and a snakeO Banquo and a snake HELP MEEEEEE PLEASESEE PLEASE Please help with these 10 questions!! Show all work!! Will give brainliest!! :) Suppose you and a friend decided to produce counterfeit 100 Trillion notes to try and make money selling them on Ebay. Because of the new influx of $100 trillion notes, the Ebay price decreases from USD$200 to just USD$50, over 4 weeks.This corresponds to a monthly inflation rate of 400%, since 4 notes are worth what 1 note was a month before. Assuming this devaluation continues at the same rate, how much will the notes be worth in a years time? What is that yearly inflation rate? Who led and fought in 38 battles between 1862 and 1865, including the Battle of Antietem? a.Rosss Brigadeb.Hoods Brigadec.General Lees Cavalryd.Terrys Texas RangersPlease select the best answer from the choices providedABCD Which block of elements is non-reducing? What are the key points in Group Discussion? only rea answers help pls