Question 10 A condition of mild to severe intellectual disability caused by an extra copy of chromosome 21 is known as Tourette Syndrome. Down syndrome. the Flynn effect. crystallized intelligence. 1 pts

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Answer 1

A condition of mild to severe intellectual disability caused by an extra copy of chromosome 21 is known as Down syndrome.

Down syndrome is a genetic disorder caused by the presence of an extra copy of chromosome 21. This additional genetic material affects the development of the brain and body, leading to various physical and intellectual challenges. Individuals with Down syndrome typically exhibit mild to severe intellectual disability, delayed development, and distinct physical features.

The presence of the extra chromosome can affect cognitive abilities, speech and language skills, motor skills, and social development. While the severity of the condition can vary, early intervention and support services can greatly enhance the quality of life for individuals with Down syndrome and help them reach their full potential.

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Related Questions

FILL THE BLANK.
Instructions: Critically reflect on your own listening ability and respond thoroughly to the following EIGHT questions. Include terms from the text to demonstrate knowledge and understanding of the theory.
1. Listening is difficult or challenging for me when ___.
2. Listening can also be tough for me when I’m feeling ___.
3. I block out or tune out a message when ___.
4. Someone I consider to be an effective listener is ____ because ___.
5. Describe a recent situation where you exhibited ineffective listening (include the style).
6. Describe a time when someone did not listen to you well and how you handled it and how you felt.
7. What kinds of verbal and nonverbal feedback do you provide to show others you are listening?
8. What can you try to do to listen more effectively from now on?

Answers

1. Listening is difficult or challenging for me when there is a lot of background noise.

It's hard for me to focus on the speaker and hear what they are saying.

2. Listening can also be tough for me when I'm feeling anxious or stressed. My mind is distracted, and I find it hard to concentrate on the speaker.

3. I block out or tune out a message when I'm not interested in the topic being discussed or if the speaker has a tone of voice that I find irritating.

4. Someone I consider to be an effective listener is my friend who always maintains eye contact with me, nods, and gives verbal cues such as "I understand" or "Go on."

This encourages me to speak more and shows that he is interested in what I have to say.

5. I exhibited ineffective listening during a meeting when I was checking my phone constantly. I was distracted and missed important information.

6. There was a time when I was talking to a friend, but she kept interrupting me. I felt annoyed and frustrated because I didn't feel like she was really listening to me. I handled it by politely telling her that I would appreciate it if she let me finish before she spoke.

7. To show others that I'm listening, I provide verbal cues such as nodding, saying "I understand," or asking questions. I also maintain eye contact and avoid distractions like my phone.

8. To listen more effectively, I can try to eliminate distractions and focus on the speaker. I can also practice active listening by providing verbal and nonverbal feedback to show that I'm engaged in the conversation.

Additionally, I can ask questions and paraphrase what the speaker has said to ensure that I have understood correctly.

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Read the scenario and answer the question that follows. Suppose researchers interviewed 500 practicing clinical psyogists about the criteria for the new mixed anxiety-depression diagnosis. A total of 94% of the experts agreed that the diagnosis reflected the way that they and other experts thought about patients with symptoms of both anxiety and depression. What aspect of a good diagnosis does the scenario describe? Predictive validity Reliability Content validity

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The aspect of a good diagnosis described in the scenario is content validity, as 94% of practicing clinical psychologists agreed that the new mixed anxiety-depression diagnosis reflected their understanding of patients with symptoms of both anxiety and depression.

The scenario describes content validity as the aspect of a good diagnosis. Content validity refers to the extent to which a diagnostic tool or criteria adequately represent the construct or concept being measured. In this case, the researchers interviewed practicing clinical psychologists about the criteria for the new mixed anxiety-depression diagnosis. The fact that 94% of the experts agreed that the diagnosis reflected their understanding of patients with symptoms of both anxiety and depression indicates that the criteria have good content validity. The experts' agreement suggests that the diagnostic criteria capture the essential elements of the construct they are intended to assess, in this case, symptoms of both anxiety and depression. This level of agreement among experts supports the content validity of the diagnosis and lends credibility to its use in clinical practice.

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Explain Ciulla’s concept of exploitation. What might Adam Smith
say to Ciulla? Write a short dialogue between the two on work,
justice, and exploitation.

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Ciulla's concept of exploitation focuses on workplace power dynamics and unjust treatment, while Adam Smith emphasizes voluntary exchange and market benefits. A dialogue between them would center on work, justice, and differing views on exploitation in the workplace.

Ciulla's concept of exploitation in the workplace centers on the idea that certain individuals or groups can take advantage of others by exerting power and control over them, resulting in unjust treatment and the denial of fair compensation or working conditions.

This view emphasizes the need to address and rectify these power imbalances to promote fairness and justice in the workplace.

In contrast, Adam Smith, a proponent of free-market capitalism, argues that voluntary exchanges in the market economy can lead to mutual benefit and overall prosperity. Smith emphasizes the importance of individuals pursuing their own self-interests through work and trade, contributing to economic growth and societal well-being.

In a dialogue between Ciulla and Smith, they would likely discuss their differing perspectives on work, justice, and exploitation. Ciulla might argue that the market economy, if left unchecked, can lead to exploitative practices and inequalities that require intervention and regulation.

Smith, on the other hand, might counter that voluntary transactions in the marketplace are based on consent and mutual agreement, and that individuals are free to choose their work and negotiate their terms of employment.

Their conversation would likely delve into deeper questions about the ethical dimensions of work, the role of government intervention, and the extent to which exploitation can be mitigated within a capitalist system.

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You are in charge of a city's counseling service. Currently, your staff is comprised of all white practitioners. Since there is a growing population of Asian Americans moving to the city for job opportunities, you know you need to add at least one staff member who is culturally competent in treatment for Asian Americans. What questions can you ask to be sure to hire the appropriate culturally competent counselor for the growing Asian American population? What are the potential pitfalls you need avoid when hiring this counselor?

Answers

Ask questions about experience with Asian American clients and cultural sensitivity, avoid assuming homogeneity, consider qualifications beyond racial background, and involve existing staff in the hiring process to ensure cultural competence in the counseling service.

To ensure the appropriate hiring of a culturally competent counselor for the growing Asian American population, you can ask questions such as:

Can you describe your experience working with Asian American clients and your understanding of their cultural values and beliefs?

How do you incorporate cultural sensitivity and competence into your counseling practice?

Can you provide examples of strategies you have used to address mental health issues specific to the Asian American community?

Potential pitfalls to avoid when hiring this counselor include:

Assuming that all Asian Americans have the same cultural background and needs. It is important to recognize and respect the diversity within the Asian American community.

Relying solely on the counselor's racial or ethnic background as an indicator of cultural competence. Cultural competence is developed through knowledge, training, and experience.

Neglecting to assess the counselor's awareness of their own biases and commitment to ongoing learning and self-reflection.

Failing to involve the existing staff in the hiring process and incorporating their input and perspectives on cultural competence.

By asking relevant questions and being mindful of the potential pitfalls, you can increase the likelihood of hiring a culturally competent counselor who can effectively support the growing Asian American population in your city.

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According to Goodpaster, what is a "qualified" responsibility? O A responsibility to resolve a moral challenge on its own, without regard to whether others contribute as well 0 A responsibility to try resolve a moral challenge or to participate in the efforts of others in seeking a collaborative resolution. O A responsibility to maximize profits within the constraints of moral custom and the law.

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Goodpaster believes that a "qualified" responsibility is a responsibility to try to resolve a moral challenge or to participate in the efforts of others in seeking a collaborative resolution.

This is a more complex and nuanced understanding of than the traditional view, which sees responsibility as a personal obligation to take action on one's own, regardless of whether others are also taking action.

Instead, Goodpaster argues that responsibility should be seen as a shared effort, with each individual contributing their unique skills and perspectives to the collective task of addressing a moral challenge.

This approach recognizes the interdependence of individuals and the importance of working together to achieve common goals.

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Girls seem to be benefiting from the substantial changes in gender
norms that have occurred since the 1970s. Are boys also benefiting
from these changes in norms? What can we as a society do to provid

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The changes in gender norms since the 1970s have undeniably brought numerous benefits to girls and women. However, it is important to consider how these changes have also positively impacted boys and men. Here are some ways in which boys have benefited:

• Boys now have greater freedom to express their emotions and feelings, as the traditional expectations of masculinity have evolved. They are not as constrained by rigid standards, allowing them to explore a wider range of emotional expression.

• Increased flexibility in sports participation has also benefited boys. They can now engage in activities such as dance, gymnastics, and figure skating without facing ridicule or stigma from their peers.

• Boys have access to a more diverse range of books and toys, breaking away from gender stereotypes. They can choose to read about female protagonists or play with dolls without the same level of societal judgment as in the past.

While progress has been made in achieving gender equality, it is crucial to continue working towards ensuring that boys and men also experience the benefits. Here are some steps society can take:

• Early education on gender equality is essential. Parents, teachers, and caretakers should engage in conversations about gender equity and promote gender-neutral behaviors among children.

• Schools should incorporate education about gender and its impact on social interactions into their curriculum, fostering a better understanding of gender dynamics from a young age.

• Boys should be encouraged to express their emotions and taught healthy coping mechanisms. This helps dismantle harmful notions of toxic masculinity and promotes emotional well-being for boys and men.

• Raising awareness about the importance of gender equity across sectors like health, education, and the economy is crucial for creating a more equitable world for all genders.

By implementing these strategies, society can strive towards a more inclusive and equitable future where both boys and girls, men and women, can enjoy the benefits of gender equality.

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5. A researcher is interested in maximum-security inmates.She wants the same proportion of inmates across the type of crime committed (robbery,assault,and murder) in her sample as in the actual prison population. Describe what sampling method she should use and how she should carry out her sampling

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The research article is a qualitative study, indicated by the nature of the abstract, which provides a concise summary of the study's objectives, methods, and findings.

One reason why the research in the abstract is identified as a qualitative study is the presence of certain characteristics commonly associated with qualitative research. Firstly, the abstract mentions the use of interviews, focus groups, and observations as data collection methods. These methods are typically employed in qualitative studies to gather in-depth, subjective, and context-specific information. Unlike quantitative studies that rely on numerical data and statistical analysis, qualitative research focuses on understanding social phenomena, experiences, and meanings through direct engagement with participants.

The abstract's reference to exploring participants' perspectives, experiences, and attitudes further supports the qualitative nature of the study, as these aspects are central to qualitative inquiry. Qualitative research aims to capture the richness and complexity of human experiences, often using open-ended questions and allowing participants to express their viewpoints in their own words.

The abstract's emphasis on interpreting data through thematic analysis also aligns with qualitative research, where researchers often analyze data by identifying and interpreting themes or patterns that emerge from the data. Overall, the abstract's mention of specific qualitative research characteristics, such as the data collection methods used and the focus on participants' perspectives and experiences, substantiates the classification of the research as a qualitative study.

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quantitative proposal
to understand reactions to the Pizza Hut build your own pizza slice concept.
to gauge prices, and to determine the optimal price .
to explore reaction to the the bread and cheese options for the Pizza Hut build your own pizza slice.
to determine the number of toppings Pizza Hut should offer on it for build on your own pizza slice.

Answers

A quantitative proposal is suggested to understand reactions to the Pizza Hut Build Your Own Pizza Slice concept. The proposal aims to gauge prices and determine the optimal price.

To explore reactions to bread and cheese options, and determine the number of toppings Pizza Hut should offer for the build-your-own pizza slice.

To conduct the quantitative study, several key steps can be followed. Firstly, a survey can be designed to gather data on customer preferences and reactions to the Build Your Own Pizza Slice concept at Pizza Hut. The survey can include questions about pricing, asking participants to rate their willingness to pay for different price points. By analyzing the responses, the optimal price range for the concept can be determined, balancing affordability and perceived value.

Additionally, the survey can delve into customer opinions on the bread and cheese options for the Build Your Own Pizza Slice. It can ask participants to rate different bread types (such as thin crust, pan crust, or gluten-free) and cheese options (such as mozzarella, cheddar, or vegan cheese) in terms of preference and appeal. This data will help Pizza Hut understand which bread and cheese combinations are most desirable among customers.

Furthermore, the survey can investigate the number of toppings that Pizza Hut should offer for the build-your-own pizza slice. Participants can be asked to choose their preferred number of toppings from a range of options, such as 3, 5, or 7 toppings. Analyzing the responses will provide insights into the most popular topping combinations and help Pizza Hut determine the optimal number of toppings to offer.

By employing a quantitative approach, Pizza Hut can collect valuable data to understand customer reactions, determine optimal pricing, explore bread and cheese preferences, and decide on the number of toppings for the Build Your Own Pizza Slice concept. These insights can inform strategic decisions, enhance customer satisfaction, and drive the success of the new offering.

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Question 19 2 pts Which of the following wildly popular, and long running, Soap Operas are not longer on the air? The Young and the Restless O Guiding Light O Days of Our Lives General Hospital

Answers

The soap opera that is no longer on the air among The Young and the Restless, Guiding Light, Days of Our Lives, and General Hospital is Guiding Light.

What is a soap opera?

A soap opera is a serialized, long-running television or radio program that features a continuous storyline about the lives of many characters. They are frequently set in a fictional town or neighborhood, and they often follow the interactions of many families over multiple generations.

In the United States, soap operas were initially broadcast live on radio before transitioning to television in the early 1950s. They acquired their moniker from the practice of including commercials for soap products during their original radio broadcasts.In summary, Guiding Light is no longer on the air among the four soap operas that are mentioned in the question.

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is to feel what others are feeling. O a. O b. Obedience Deindividuation O c. Conformity O d. Empathy

Answers

The answer to your question is D

if you were a researcher at a big clothing store,how would you use classical conditioning to make people feel good about new items?
write a paragragh on classical conditioning based on YOUR example.

Answers

Classical conditioning can be used in a big clothing store to create positive associations and make people feel good about new items. By pairing the presentation of new items with pleasant stimuli or experiences, customers can develop positive emotional responses and increased interest in the clothing, ultimately enhancing their shopping experience.

In a big clothing store, classical conditioning can be utilized to create a positive emotional response towards new items. The process involves pairing the presentation of the new clothing items with pleasant stimuli or experiences that already evoke positive emotions in customers.

For example, the store can play uplifting music, create an inviting and aesthetically pleasing shopping environment, and offer exceptional customer service.

By consistently presenting the new clothing items in conjunction with these pleasant stimuli, customers will start to associate positive feelings and experiences with the new items.

Over time, this conditioning can lead to an automatic positive emotional response whenever customers encounter new items in the store. As a result, customers will feel more excited, intrigued, and optimistic about trying on or purchasing the new clothing items.

This approach capitalizes on the principle of classical conditioning, which suggests that associations can be formed between previously neutral stimuli (new clothing items) and naturally eliciting stimuli (pleasant experiences).

By creating positive associations through conditioning, the clothing store can enhance customers' overall shopping experience and increase their likelihood of engaging with and feeling good about new items.

It is important to note that classical conditioning should be used ethically and transparently, ensuring that customers are aware of the conditioning process and that their choices are not manipulated.

By employing classical conditioning in a responsible and customer-centric manner, a big clothing store can effectively create positive associations and foster a more enjoyable and satisfying shopping experience for its customers.

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Tesco is the largest British retailer and one of the world’s
leading retail outlets on three continents. Tesco has 6800 shops
around the world and over 450,000 employees. To continue growing,
Tesco

Answers

To sustain growth, Tesco needs to invest in technology, prioritize sustainability, enhance customer loyalty, explore international expansion, and focus on employee training and development.

To continue growing, Tesco needs to focus on several key areas. Firstly, it should invest in technology and e-commerce to meet the changing shopping habits of consumers. This includes enhancing its online presence and developing innovative solutions for seamless shopping experiences. Secondly, Tesco should prioritize sustainability and environmental responsibility by promoting sustainable sourcing, reducing waste, and implementing green initiatives. Thirdly, it should strengthen its customer loyalty programs and personalized marketing strategies to enhance customer satisfaction and retention.

Additionally, Tesco should explore international expansion opportunities to tap into new markets and diversify its revenue streams. Lastly, it should invest in employee training and development programs to foster a skilled and motivated workforce. By focusing on these areas, Tesco can sustain its growth and maintain its position as a leading global retailer.

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Memory for automatic activities, such as bike riding and handwriting, is known as declarative (explicit) semantic (explicit) sensory nondeclarative (implicit) working

Answers

Memory for automatic activities, such as bike riding and handwriting, is known as nondeclarative (implicit) memory.

Nondeclarative memory refers to a type of long-term memory that doesn't need conscious thought to retrieve information. The unconscious brain takes charge of nondeclarative memory, also known as implicit memory. It's the implicit learning of abilities, habits, procedures, and emotional responses.

The following are some of the most prevalent examples of nondeclarative memory:- Procedural Memory- Priming- Classical Conditioning- Instrumental Conditioning- Nonassociative Learning- Habituation- Sensitization. Declarative memories, unlike nondeclarative memories, are conscious memories that people intentionally recollect. Declarative memories are divided into two types, episodic and semantic. The former is responsible for remembering events, while the latter is responsible for remembering facts.

The term sensory is not relevant to this question because it pertains to the five senses and how the human brain processes information received from them.

Thus, nondeclarative memory is the correct answer, whereas sensory is not related to the query.

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Provide a rationale for why most incarcerated youth should be
identified with EBD and receive special education.

Answers

Identifying incarcerated youth with Emotional and Behavioral Disorders (EBD) and providing special education can address their specific needs, facilitate rehabilitation, and reduce recidivism rates.

Incarcerated youth often exhibit significant emotional and behavioral difficulties, which can impede their educational progress and overall well-being. Many of these young individuals have experienced adverse life circumstances, such as trauma, abuse, or neglect, which contribute to their challenging behaviors. By identifying them with EBD, their specific needs can be recognized and addressed through tailored educational interventions.

Special education services offer essential support to incarcerated youth with EBD. These services focus on providing individualized instruction, behavior management strategies, counseling, and social skills development. By incorporating these interventions into their rehabilitation programs, incarcerated youth have an opportunity to improve their emotional well-being, self-regulation, and academic achievement. This holistic approach not only enhances their educational outcomes but also reduces the likelihood of recidivism.

Hence, identifying incarcerated youth with EBD and providing them with special education services is crucial for addressing their unique needs, promoting rehabilitation, and increasing their chances of successful reintegration into society.

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What can I put on an outline for a topics for a research paper
with what is the link between domestic violence and mental health
problems among children?

Answers

The outline for a research paper on the link between domestic violence and mental health problems among children should include the following: Introduction, Literature Review, Methodology, Results, Discussion, Conclusion.

When creating an outline for a research paper, it is essential to ensure that the content flows logically from one point to the next. The following are some things to keep in mind when developing an outline for a research paper:

1. Introduction (General Information about Domestic Violence and its impact on Children Mental Health)- The Introduction will provide a brief overview of the topic and provide background information about domestic violence and mental health problems. It will also establish the paper's thesis statement.

2. Literature Review (Research studies and theories related to domestic violence and mental health)- The Literature Review will include research studies and theories related to domestic violence and mental health problems among children. It will examine the various causes and effects of domestic violence and mental health problems among children.

3. Methodology (Research Methodology and Data Collection)- The Methodology will explain the research methodology used in the study, including data collection techniques and instruments, as well as the sample size.

4. Results (Research Findings and Data Analysis)- The Results section will provide research findings and data analysis regarding the link between domestic violence and mental health problems among children.

5.  Discussion (Discussion of Research Findings and Implications)- The Discussion will examine the research findings and provide implications for further research, as well as highlight the limitations of the study.

6. Conclusion (Conclusion and Recommendations)- The Conclusion will summarize the research paper, restate the thesis statement, and provide recommendations for future research.

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Create a short study with a short informed consent form, a manipulation of at least one independent variable, a place for a few dependent variables, and a debriefing page. The OFFICIAL discussion is answering three questions:
1). Compared to the person-to-person surveys we did for study one, what are the benefits of using Qualtrics and the costs of using Qualtrics to do research. Make sure to mention at least two benefits and two costs!
2). Which do you prefer: Online research or in-person research, and why?
3). Why is it a good / bad idea to use Qualtrics to collect data for our Study Two?

Answers

Using Qualtrics to collect data for Study Two is a good idea for several reasons. Firstly, Qualtrics provides a wide reach, allowing researchers to access a large and diverse participant pool.

This enhances the generalizability of the study findings and increases the likelihood of capturing a representative sample. Secondly, Qualtrics offers an easy and user-friendly interface for participants to complete surveys. This simplicity and convenience can lead to higher response rates, ensuring a robust dataset.

Additionally, Qualtrics provides efficient data management and analysis tools, facilitating the organization and analysis of the collected data. Overall, utilizing Qualtrics for data collection in Study Two can enhance the research process, resulting in reliable and valuable insights.

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Complete Question:

Why is it a good/bad idea to use Qualtrics to collect data for our Study Two?

Using Qualtrics for Study Two may be a good idea due to its advantages:

a) Wide reach: Qualtrics allows researchers to reach a large and diverse participant pool, increasing the generalizability of the findings.

b) Ease of data collection: Qualtrics provides a user-friendly interface for participants to complete surveys, increasing response

1.
Within the human species, what determines whether an individual is more r-selected or K-selected? Impacts

Answers

In biology, organisms are categorized as either r-selected or K-selected based on their adaptation to specific environmental conditions. K-selected organisms are well-suited to stable environments, while r-selected organisms thrive in unstable or changing environments.

K-selected organisms are characterized by being long-lived, slow-growing, and producing few offspring. They invest significant energy in each offspring, ensuring their survival in a stable and predictable environment. These organisms have a lower growth potential but are better equipped to handle competition for resources and maintain a steady population size.

On the other hand, r-selected organisms, also known as opportunistic species, exhibit traits suitable for unstable environments. They have a short lifespan, fast growth rate, and produce a large number of offspring. These organisms invest minimal energy in each offspring, as the emphasis is on maximizing reproductive output rather than ensuring individual survival. Their populations tend to fluctuate widely due to unpredictable environmental factors.

The determination of whether an individual is more r-selected or K-selected depends on various environmental factors. These factors include resource availability, population density, environmental stability, competition for resources, generation length, predation pressure, disease and parasitism, and dispersal opportunities.

Each factor plays a role in shaping an organism's reproductive strategy and survival chances in its particular ecological niche. The interplay of these factors contributes to the observed differences in reproductive patterns and life history strategies between r-selected and K-selected organisms.

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Chapters 1 and 2 and 5 of the Eligible for Execution book introduces you to a death penalty case study. The background facts of the case are something you will pull on when answering questions in future assignments. After reading the first two chapters of the book answer the following: Summarize the key events/happenings associated with the murder from chapter 1. Chapters 2 and 5 provides an overview of the investigation. Provide a brief overview/summary of the investigation. At the conclusion of the investigation, what key questions and/or issues were raised about the facts of the case? Were any questions of race or mental/intellectual disability raised? Explain. What were these?

Answers

Chapters 1, 2, and 5 of "Eligible for Execution" provide a detailed account of the murder, and subsequent investigation, and raise key questions about the case, including concerns about racial biases.

In Chapter 1, the book presents a detailed account of the murder, describing the circumstances surrounding the crime. It outlines the victim's tragic fate, the nature of her injuries, and the initial investigation into the incident. This chapter serves as an introduction to the case and sets the foundation for the subsequent chapters.

In Chapters 2 and 5, the book provides an overview of the investigation that followed the murder. It highlights the efforts of law enforcement agencies, including the collection of evidence, interviews with potential witnesses, and the pursuit of leads. Throughout the investigation, key questions and issues emerged regarding the facts of the case. Some of these questions raised concerns about potential racial biases in the handling of the investigation and the potential involvement of individuals with mental disabilities. The book explores these issues further, shedding light on the complexities surrounding the case and the potential impact of race and mental/intellectual disability on the investigation and subsequent legal proceedings.

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Q4. Incoming sensory information must go through this sequence in order to be remembered; Storage, encoding, retrieval.
Q5. Categorical reasoning is sometimes referred to as classical reasoning.
Q6. A syllogism is a form of Inductive reasonin

Answers

Q4. The process of remembering incoming sensory information involves the sequence of encoding, storage, and retrieval.

Q5. Categorical reasoning is commonly known as classical reasoning.

Q6. A syllogism is a type of reasoning that falls under inductive reasoning.

Q4. The process of remembering sensory information involves several steps. First, the information is encoded, which means it is converted into a format that can be stored in memory. Then, the encoded information is stored in the memory system. Finally, when needed, the information is retrieved or recalled from memory. This sequence ensures that incoming sensory information is processed and retained for future use.

Q5. Categorical reasoning, also known as classical reasoning, is a type of logical reasoning that involves drawing conclusions based on categories or classes. It relies on identifying relationships between categories and making inferences based on those relationships. This type of reasoning is commonly used in fields such as philosophy, logic, and mathematics.

Q6. A syllogism is a form of deductive reasoning that consists of two premises and a conclusion. It is a logical argument in which the conclusion is inferred from the premises. Syllogisms follow a specific structure, where the major premise establishes a general statement, the minor premise provides a specific statement, and the conclusion logically follows from these premises. This form of reasoning is often used in logic and critical thinking to evaluate the validity of arguments.

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Think What’s next for your reflection after Graduation and answering these questions:
1. Which of the options ( two) outlined in the what's next for your reflection seems like your
most likely choice (s) after graduation?
2. Why do those choices make the most sense, or why are they appealing to you?
3. If time or money were not an issue, what would your "dream" option be?

Answers

1. The most likely choice outlined in the "What's next for your reflection" after graduation would be pursuing further education or starting a career. 2. These choices make the most sense because they offer opportunities for personal and professional growth, align with one's academic background or interests, and provide avenues for future success and fulfillment. 3. In an ideal scenario without constraints of time or money, the "dream" option would be pursuing a passion project, starting a business, or engaging in philanthropic endeavors.

1. After graduation, the most likely choices for further reflection would be either pursuing higher education or entering the workforce. These options align with common paths taken by graduates to continue their personal and professional growth.

Pursuing further education could involve pursuing a master's or doctoral degree, specialized training programs, or professional certifications. On the other hand, starting a career would involve seeking employment opportunities in a field related to one's academic background or interests.

Both options provide avenues for personal development, skill enhancement, and potential career advancement.

2. Pursuing further education or starting a career after graduation makes the most sense for several reasons.

Firstly, they provide opportunities for continuous learning, skill development, and specialization in a chosen field. Higher education can deepen knowledge and expertise, while entering the workforce allows for practical application of acquired skills.

Secondly, these choices align with one's academic background, allowing for the utilization of acquired knowledge and skills in a real-world context. This alignment can lead to greater job satisfaction and opportunities for professional growth.

Additionally, both options offer pathways for future success and fulfillment by opening doors to new opportunities, expanding networks, and enhancing one's marketability.

3. If time or money were not an issue, the "dream" option after graduation would involve pursuing a passion project, starting a business, or engaging in philanthropic endeavors.

This option allows for the exploration of personal interests and the pursuit of one's passions. It provides the freedom to dedicate time and resources to endeavors that bring personal fulfillment and make a positive impact.

Whether it's starting a business to create innovative solutions, dedicating time to artistic pursuits, or getting involved in philanthropy to contribute to meaningful causes, the dream option is characterized by the opportunity to pursue one's deepest aspirations and create a lasting impact in areas that resonate personally.

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Analyse the role of Lemon in the play " Light Come
Light Go"?

Answers

The play "Light Come, Light Go" by Henrik Ibsen features several characters and symbols to convey its message. Lemon is one such symbol that plays an important role in the play.

The following are some of the ways in which the Lemon symbolizes different things in the play: Lemon as a symbol of Wealth In the play, the Lemon is a symbol of wealth. It is used as a gift by the rich man to the poor man. The rich man offers the Lemon to the poor man as a reward for his hard work. The Lemon represents the wealth that the rich man has and that the poor man does not. Lemon as a symbol of Power The Lemon is also a symbol of power in the play. The rich man uses the Lemon as a way to exert his power over the poor man.

He gives the Lemon as a gift, but it is really a way to show the poor man that he is in control. The Lemon represents the power that the rich man has and the lack of power that the poor man has.3. Lemon as a symbol of HopeThe Lemon is also a symbol of hope in the play. The poor man sees the Lemon as a way to improve his life. He believes that if he can sell the Lemon, he can use the money to start a new life. The Lemon represents the hope that the poor man has for a better future.In conclusion, Lemon in the play "Light Come, Light Go" symbolizes wealth, power, and hope.

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Discuss the differences between biological and symbolic death.
Define the terms you use. The reader does not know what biological
and symbolic death is. Provide examples.

Answers

Biological and symbolic deaths are two terms that are used to describe two different concepts. Biological death is a state when a person is no longer living or functioning and is no longer able to maintain his or her body's vital functions. Symbolic death, on the other hand, refers to a loss of identity or status within a community or society. Let's look at these two concepts in more detail below.

Biological Death: Biological death refers to the cessation of biological processes that support the life of an organism. This means that the organism's body can no longer maintain vital functions like breathing, circulation, and brain activity. Once a person has died, their body begins to decompose. Biological death can be caused by many factors, including disease, injury, or age. Examples of biological death include a person dying from a heart attack, a car accident, or cancer.

Symbolic Death: Symbolic death is a concept that refers to the loss of identity or status within a community or society. This loss can be due to many factors, including discrimination, rejection, or ostracism. In some cases, symbolic death can lead to physical death, as the person may no longer feel connected to their community or society. For example, a person who loses their job and can no longer provide for their family may feel like they have lost their identity and their sense of purpose. This loss can be devastating and can lead to feelings of depression and hopelessness. In conclusion, biological and symbolic deaths are two very different concepts that describe the cessation of biological processes and the loss of identity or status within a community or society, respectively.

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0 Question 33 u parehu1000 Which of the following are key to cognition in the information-processing approach? O attention and memory O parietal and occipital lobes O neural growth and synaptic connec

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The key elements to cognition in the information-processing approach are attention and memory.

Attention refers to the ability to selectively focus on specific information or stimuli while disregarding others. It involves the allocation of mental resources to process and perceive relevant information. Memory, on the other hand, refers to the encoding, storage, and retrieval of information. It involves the ability to acquire, retain, and retrieve knowledge and experiences.

Parietal and occipital lobes are brain regions involved in sensory processing and perception, but they are not specifically mentioned as key elements in the information-processing approach to cognition.

Neural growth and synaptic connections are important for brain development and the functioning of the nervous system, but they are not specific to the information-processing approach to cognition.

Therefore, the correct answer is attention and memory.

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Directions for Music Listening Assignment Due to the current Covid-19 issues attendance at a live concert is not required. In its place you should listen to three different styles of "appropriate" music for our class (traditional, gospel, jazz, folk, etc.). Western music concert music (opera, symphony, string quartet) does NOT WORK for this assignment. Discuss the: instrumentation; style; reference melody and rhythm differences. Please double check with me before you go, if you have question if your choice works. Be aware of the 500 word minimum count!

Answers

The assignment requires students to listen to three different styles of "appropriate" music that are not Western concert music (opera, symphony, string quartet). Students are expected to discuss the instrumentation, style, reference melody, and rhythm differences in each style of music. Due to Covid-19 restrictions, attending a live concert is not required.

By exploring different styles of music such as traditional, gospel, jazz, folk, and others, students can gain a broader understanding of diverse musical genres and their unique characteristics. Each style of music has its own instrumentation, which refers to the specific combination of musical instruments used in the performance. For example, traditional music might feature instruments like acoustic guitars, flutes, or hand drums, while gospel music often includes a choir, piano, organ, and sometimes a brass section. Jazz music is characterized by its improvisation and typically features instruments like saxophone, trumpet, piano, bass, and drums.

Style refers to the overall genre or category of music, which influences the musical elements, arrangement, and performance techniques. Traditional music may have cultural or regional influences, while gospel music is rooted in religious themes and often involves call-and-response singing. Jazz music emphasizes syncopation, improvisation, and swing rhythms, while folk music often tells stories and reflects the cultural heritage of a particular community.

Reference melody and rhythm differences refer to the melodic patterns and rhythmic structures prevalent in each style of music. Traditional music may have repetitive melodies or motifs that are characteristic of a specific culture. Gospel music often features soulful melodies and syncopated rhythms, while jazz music showcases complex harmonies, intricate melodies, and syncopated rhythms. Folk music incorporates simple melodies and rhythms that are easy to sing along and often use acoustic instruments.

Engaging with different styles of music provides a rich cultural experience and allows students to appreciate the diversity and creativity within various musical traditions. It broadens their musical horizons and cultivates a deeper und

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In paragraph 2, compare and contrast how Ivan Ilyich and Socrates faced death. Ivan did not accept his death with the same ease as Socrates. Be sure to explain by answering the following questions: (1) Why do you think this is the case (that Socrates handled impending death better than Ivan)? (2) What do you think Socrates would say Ivan did incorrectly with regard to living? (While you do not need to give a full explanation of Socrates' story, it will help to think about Socrates criticisims of the jury in the "Apology" and his arguments for accepting his sentencing in "Crito" and how Socrates's views on living well impacted his views on accepting death in his own situation.)

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Socrates, with his belief in the immortality of the soul and the pursuit of virtue, contrasts sharply with Ivan Ilyich's materialistic and superficial life, highlighting the importance of spiritual development over worldly pursuits.

In paragraph 2 of the story The Death of Ivan Ilyich, there is a comparison and contrast between how Ivan Ilyich and Socrates faced death. Ivan Ilyich is not able to accept his death with the same ease as Socrates. Socrates accepted his death much easier than Ivan Ilyich because he believed that the body is a hindrance to the soul's development and that the soul is immortal, which means that death should not be feared.

In the “Apology,” Socrates presents his defense to the court and argues that he must choose death over dishonor and that death is not something to be feared because no one knows whether death is good or bad. He believed that the soul would continue to exist after death, so death should not be feared.

According to Socrates, Ivan Ilyich did not live his life well. Socrates believed that a person should live a life of virtue and knowledge to prepare their soul for the afterlife. Ivan Ilyich, on the other hand, lived a life that was focused on his social status and material wealth.

He believed that life was good if one is wealthy, healthy, and famous. Socrates believed that living well meant seeking knowledge and truth and questioning the nature of reality. Socrates would criticize Ivan Ilyich for his materialistic life and suggest that he should have focused on developing his soul instead.

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"If women stop, the world stops." (Women’s Strike in
Spain 2018; Women’s Global Strike 2020) please explain
what this slogan meant for the movement, what it stood for and its
goals.

Answers

The slogan "If women stop, the world stops" encapsulates the significance of women's labor and contributions to society.

It serves as a rallying cry for the women's strike movement, emphasizing the indispensable role of women and highlighting their demands for gender equality, recognition, and social change.

The slogan "If women stop, the world stops" holds profound meaning within the women's strike movement. It conveys the idea that women's labor, both in the domestic sphere and the workforce, is vital for the functioning of society.

By asserting this message, the movement seeks to highlight the often underappreciated and undervalued contributions of women. The slogan has been utilized during significant events like the Women's Strike in Spain in 2018 and the Women's Global Strike in 2020.

It represents a call to action and draws attention to the systemic inequalities and gender-based discrimination that women face. The movement seeks to challenge the prevailing social and economic structures that perpetuate gender disparities and advocate for tangible change.

The goals of the movement aligned with the slogan include demanding equal pay, promoting women's rights, combating gender-based violence, and challenging patriarchal norms and practices. It aims to bring awareness to the power dynamics embedded in society, urging recognition of women's agency, autonomy, and value.

By emphasizing the interconnectedness between women's labor and the functioning of the world, the movement seeks to disrupt the status quo, inspire solidarity, and mobilize collective action towards gender equality and a more equitable society.

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Explain what it means to be intersex? What is the
difference between the terms DSD vs intersex, and who usually
identifies with each term and why?

Answers

Intersex is a term used to describe an individual who is born with biological traits that don't conform to typical binary male or female standards. These traits can include chromosomal, hormonal, or anatomical variations.

These differences can manifest in a variety of ways, and not all intersex people will exhibit the same variations. In contrast, DSD (Disorders of Sexual Development) is a medical term used to describe a condition in which there is a discrepancy between an individual's chromosomal, gonadal, or genital sex and their sex assigned at birth. This term is used to describe medical conditions related to sexual development, while intersex is a broader term that encompasses a range of biological variations.

 Although both terms may describe similar physical characteristics, intersex is more widely accepted and considered to be a more accurate and respectful term for individuals who exhibit biological variations. The term DSD can be seen as stigmatizing and pathologizing, as it implies that there is something inherently wrong with an individual's biology. Intersex people typically identify with the term intersex, as it recognizes and affirms their identity and experience. The term DSD is often used by medical professionals when discussing treatment options, but it is not commonly used by intersex individuals to describe themselves.

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TRUE / FALSE. Please determine if the following statement is true or false: "The representativeness heuristic refers to the process by which we assume most individual instances will resemble our prototype for those instances."

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True. The statement accurately describes the representativeness heuristic, which is a cognitive bias where individuals assume that a particular instance or event is representative of a larger category or prototype based on how closely it resembles the stereotype or prototype in their mind.

Representativeness heuristic refers to a mental shortcut that individuals use to make judgments or decisions based on how well an instance or event matches a prototype or stereotype.

It involves assuming that the characteristics or features of a specific case reflect the overall characteristics of a larger category. This heuristic can lead to biases and errors in reasoning, as it overlooks the influence of base rates or statistical probabilities.

By relying on perceived similarities between instances and prototypes, individuals may overlook important variations and make faulty generalizations. The representativeness heuristic can affect various aspects of decision-making, including judgments of probability and categorization.

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Science fiction stories sometimes propose that in the future, society will be able to predict who will commit a crime before it occurs based on hormones, neurotransmitters, and brain activity. Based on the information in the chapter, how plausible is this? Describe facts/findings from the chapter that support your view.

Answers

The plausibility of predicting crimes before they occur based on hormones, neurotransmitters, and brain activity, as proposed in science fiction stories, is currently limited. The chapter's information suggests that while these factors can contribute to certain behaviors, accurately predicting individual criminal behavior based solely on biological markers is not yet feasible.

The prediction of criminal behavior based on hormones, neurotransmitters, and brain activity is an intriguing concept in science fiction, but it currently lacks scientific support. While hormones, neurotransmitters, and brain activity can influence behavior, they are complex and can vary greatly between individuals. The chapter highlights that while certain biological factors may be associated with certain behaviors, they are not deterministic or exclusively indicative of criminality.

Additionally, the chapter likely emphasizes the importance of considering other factors in criminal behavior prediction. Societal, environmental, and psychological factors play significant roles in shaping behavior and can interact with biological factors. The chapter might discuss how a comprehensive understanding of criminal behavior requires considering a wide range of variables, such as social context, upbringing, and personal experiences.

In conclusion, while the idea of predicting crimes based on biological markers is intriguing, the chapter suggests that the current scientific understanding does not support the plausibility of such predictions. While hormones, neurotransmitters, and brain activity contribute to behavior, accurately predicting individual criminal behavior based solely on these factors is currently beyond our capabilities. A more holistic approach that considers a multitude of factors is necessary for a comprehensive understanding of criminal behavior.

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Discuss ten guidelines/steps one should follow in the assessment process, to maintain test validity
and reliability, especially when using a standardised test such as the WISC‐V (10). Use examples to
illustrate your points

Answers

To maintain test validity and reliability, here are ten guidelines for the assessment process when using a standardized test like the WISC-V, including steps such as selecting appropriate tests, establishing standardized administration procedures, and ensuring proper scoring and interpretation.

1. Test Selection: Choose tests that are valid and appropriate for the specific purpose and population being assessed. For example, when assessing intelligence in children, the WISC-V is a commonly used standardized test.

2. Standardized Administration: Follow standardized procedures and instructions precisely to ensure consistency across administrations. This includes providing clear directions and maintaining a controlled testing environment.

3. Examiner Training: Ensure that examiners are properly trained in test administration to minimize variability and ensure accurate results.

4. Test Scoring: Use reliable scoring methods and adhere to established guidelines for scoring the test. This includes carefully recording responses and calculating scores accurately.

5. Norms and Standardization: Consider the normative data and standardization procedures for the test, which provide a basis for interpreting individual scores in comparison to a representative sample.

6. Test Reliability: Assess the reliability of the test by examining its internal consistency, test-retest reliability, and inter-rater reliability. This ensures that the test consistently measures what it intends to measure.

7. Test Validity: Evaluate the validity of the test by examining evidence of its content validity, criterion-related validity, and construct validity. This confirms that the test measures the intended constructs accurately.

8. Cultural Considerations: Account for cultural factors that may influence test performance and interpretation, ensuring fairness and avoiding biased results.

9. Test Interpretation: Interpret test results in light of the individual's background, strengths, and limitations. Consider other relevant information, such as clinical observations and additional assessments.

10. Ethical Guidelines: Follow ethical guidelines and maintain confidentiality throughout the assessment process to protect the individual's rights and privacy.

By following these guidelines, professionals can enhance the validity and reliability of the assessment process when using standardized tests like the WISC-V, resulting in more accurate and meaningful interpretations of individuals' abilities and characteristics.

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Other Questions
1. What is something you learned about communication this semester? 2. What did you find particularly interesting (be specific if you can... what topics, videos, activities, articles, discussions)? 3. What should I add or change to this class (because something was missing, the course did not cover what you expected, or was not interesting or helpful)? As I stated from the very beginning of the semester, this course is a broad overview of communication in our lives in various contexts. Before midterm we discussed the communication process, perception, verbal, nonverbal, and listening. More recently we covered interpersonal, culture, mass communication, and public speaking. Each week included sections of the chapter, videos, self assessments, articles \& quizzes, and discussions. For this discussion, please address the following: 1. What is something you learned about communication this semester? 2. What did you find particularly interesting (be specific if you can...what topics, videos, activities, articles, discussions)? 3. What should I add or change to this class (because something was missing, the course did not cover what you expected, or was not interesting or The left end of a horizontal spring (with spring constant k = 36 N/m) is anchored to a wall, and a block of mass m = 1/4 kg is attached to the other end. The block is able to slide on a frictionless horizontal surface. If the block is pulled 1 cm to the right of the equilibrium position and released from rest, exactly how many oscillations will the block complete in 1 second? 12/ O TU/6 7/12 6/1 Write a pseudo-code on how to import global COVID cases data. Assume you have a CSV file containing all countries' daily COVID cases and mortality rates. What likely syntax/command will you write for your code to display the COVID data for only two countries? Use the editor to format your answer knowing the time period in which a piece of literature was written helps the reader to understand which of the following View Policies Current Attempt in Progress Assume you ask someone about a hypothetical situation in which their mother is dying. There is a medicine that could help her, but they cannot afford to purchase it. Then you ask them if they would consider stealing the medication. They immediately respond saying they would not consider it because stealing is wrong and they don't want to get in trouble. The person has likely reached which stage of Kohlberg's moral reasoning? O preconventional O conventionly formal operational post conventional eTextbook and Media for Attempts: 0 of used Sutimit Arswer < Question 24 of 100 they -/1 View Policies Current Attempt in Progress According to Diana Baumrind, which parenting style is characterized by low control/demandingness combined with low warmth/responsiveness? O authoritative O authoritarian permissive-indulgent permissive neglectful e Textbook and Media Attempts:0 of 1 used Sant A Question 26 of 100 -11 E A View Policies Current Attempt in Progress You feel like you are starving because you have not eaten in many hours. Although you typically don't care for potato chips and feel that they are unhealthy, all you see to eat are potato chips, and suddenly you are motivated to eat a whole bunch of them. After you scarf down the chips, you feel much better and do not want any more. The fact that you no longer feel hungry after you have eaten is consistent with the theory of motivation drive-reduction O optimal arousal Yerkes-Dodson self-actualization e Textbook and Media Attempts: 0 of tused Submit Answer Save for Later D Question 27 of 100 > -/1 : View Policies Current Attempt in Progress You didn't sleep well the night before and as a result are extremely tired. As a response to your fatigue, your brain and body work overtime, increasing output to compensate and get you to perform at your typical level. These compensatory actions restore O actualization homeostasis. O inertia O arousal. e Textbook and Media Attempts: 0 of 1 used Submit Answer Save for Later Last saved 15 seconds ago. Saved work will be auto-submitted on the due date. Auto submission can take up to 10 minutes, Question 28 of 100 View Policies Current Attempt in Progress Becky is on a diet and exercise regimen to lose some weight. She is about to go to the gym when some of her friends see her and ask if she wants to go have some cheesecake. She wants to go to the gym and stick to her diet, but she loves cheesecake and enjoys being with her friends more. She decides to give in and have some cheesecake with her friends. Her choice is most consistent with O incentive theory O hierarchy of needs. O homeostasis. cost-benefit analysis e Textbook and Media Barefoot Attempts:0 of 1 used Submit Answer Question 29 of 100 -11 E View Policies Current Attempt in Progress Hiromy usually eats about what most people his age and size eat, but occasionally his eating seems out of control and he eats a huge amount of food in a brief period of time. He knows he shouldn't eat several large bags of chips, a dozen donuts and lots of cookies and ice cream in one sitting, but he cannot seem to stop himself. Hiromy may have bulimia nervosa binge eating disorder O obesity anorexia nervosa e Textbook and Media Attempts: 0 of tused Saint Q No 4 Explain Regionalism in Canada in context of DivisiveForcesQ No 5 Explain Regionalism And Ethnicity In The UnitedStates. applying the vector (3, -8). Indicate a match by writing a letter for a preimage on the line in front of the corresponding image. A. (1, 1); (10, 1): (6, 5) (6, - 10): (6, -4): (9, -3) B. (0, 0): (3, 8); (4, 0); (7, 8) (1, -6); (5, -6); (-1, -8): (7, -8) C. (3, -2); (3, 4); (6, 5) (4, -7); (13, -7), (9, -3) D. (-2, 2); (2, 2): (-4, 0); (4, 0) (3, -8); (6, 0). (7, -8): (10, 0) Help and show the work please Use the claim from a secondary source to answer the question. Lyndon Johnson was a great president because he proposed the Great Society and established Medicaid, Medicare, and the Equal Opportunity Act. What is the central claim of this secondary source? (1 point) Responses that Lyndon Johnson proposed the Great Society that Lyndon Johnson proposed the Great Society that Lyndon Johnson was a great president that Lyndon Johnson was a great president that Lyndon Johnson established Medicare or Medicaid A CD is a solid disk of mass of 0.0140kg and a radius 0.0600 m. It rotates at31.4 rad/s. What is its ROTATIONALKE? what is surprising about Haley's story in the book Harbor me Question 5 (1 point) Seasonal historic pattern shows any pattern that regularly repeats itself and is of a constant length. True False 7. In what ways did Lincoln restrict liberty during the AmericanCivil War( 4-6 sentences ) HCl(g) can react with methanol vapor, CH2OH(g), to produce CH CI(g), as represented by the following equation. CH,OH(g) + HCl(g) CH,Cl(g) + H2O(g) 103 at 400 K Kp = 4. 7 x (b) CH2OH(g) and HCl(g) are combined in a 10. 00 L sealed reaction vessel and allowed to reach equilibrium at 400 K. The initial partial pressure of CH,OH(g) in the vessel is 0. 250 atm and that of HCl(g) is 0. 600 atm. (i) Does the total pressure in the vessel increase, decrease, or remain the same as equilibrium is approached? Justify your answer in terms of the reaction stoichiometry. (ii) Considering the value of KP , calculate the final partial pressure of HCl(g) after the system inside the vessel reaches equilibrium at 400 K. (iii) The student claims that the final partial pressure of CH2OH(g) at equilibrium is very small but not exactly zero. Do you agree or disagree with the student's claim? Justify your answer Why is reading aloud to children important? What does this addto the development of literacy and engaged reading? Required information [The following information applies to the questions displayed below] Mason Corporation began operations at the beginning of the current year. One of the company's products, a refrigeration element, sells for $185 per unit. Information related to the current year's activities follows. Mason carries its finished-goods inventory at the average unit cost of production and is subject to a 30 percent income tax rate. There was no work in process at year-end. 2. Compute Mason's net income for the current year ended December 31. Research and write a brief summary of a company that has been accused of green crime. Include the following:What was the crime?Who was affected?What was the impact?Was the company held accountable? If so, how?What might be done to prevent future occurrences? Which of the following species can be Brnsted-Lowry acids: (a) H2PO4; (b) NO3; (c) HCl; (d) Cro? Create a program that does the following. In a separate method, prompt a user for the number of time they would like to roll the dice. Roll the die the number of times the user specified. Roll a 12 sided die. Use a separate method to display each roll. Count the number of times each number was rolled and display the results. //Sample output1 How many times would you like to roll? 3 You rolled a 5 You rolled a 10 You rolled a 2 Total times each number rolled 1 rolled 0 times 2 rolled 1 times 3 rolled 0 times 4 rolled 0 times 5 rolled 1 times 6 rolled 0 times 7 rolled 0 times 8 rolled 0 times 9 rolled 0 times 10 rolled 1 times 11 rolled times //Sample output2 How many times would you like to roll? 120 You rolled a 4 You rolled a 5 You rolled a 12 You rolled a 5 ........... //120 rolls total should display Total times each number rolled 1 rolled 8 times 2 rolled 14 times 3 rolled 10 times 4 rolled 12 times 5 rolled 6 times 6 rolled 16 times 7 rolled 10 times 8 rolled 9 times 9 rolled 11 times 10 rolled 10 times 11 rolled 10 times 12 rolled 4 times What is the advantage of a 'Reducing' loan to a property investor, compared to a table (amortising) loan? Select one: O a. Lower initial annual repayments O b. Principal is repaid faster in early years of the loan O C. Guarantors are exempt from liability O d. No interest accrues during the early stages of the development Oe. Security is not usually required