The distance between the root and fruit genes is 15.8 units. The phenotypic classes that are single crossover recombinants for the spines to fruit genes are: branched spiked fuchsia, branched limp neon, twisted spiked neon, and twisted limp fuchsia. The distance between the spines and fruit genes is 10.0 units.
The scientists discovered a new species of cactus called the swamp cactus that has three unique genes for root morphology, spine type, and fruit color. In order to map these genes on the chromosome, they performed a three-point test cross. The resulting F2 progeny data allowed them to determine the distances between the genes.
The distance between the root and fruit genes was found to be 33.3 units, while the distance between the spine and fruit genes was 8.7 units. The phenotypic classes of the single crossover recombinants for the spine to fruit genes were branched spiked fuchsia and twisted limp neon.
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Next consider body weight of the Australian Cattle Dog. In reality, body weight is determined by many loci, most of which are unknown. However, for the purpose of the current exercise, suppose that body weight is determined by a single locus with two alleles, A and B. The frequency of A is 0.4 and that of B 0.6, AA-dogs have an average body weight of 35 kg, AB-dogs a body weight of 37 kg and BB-dogs 41 kg. Suppose that the population is in Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium.
1.8 Calculate the genotype frequencies and the population mean for body weight.
To calculate the genotype frequencies, we can use the Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium equation:
p^2 + 2pq + q^2 = 1
where p is the frequency of allele A and q is the frequency of allele B.
Given that the frequency of A is 0.4 and that of B is 0.6, we can substitute these values in the equation to get:
(0.4)^2 + 2(0.4)(0.6) + (0.6)^2 = 1
0.16 + 0.48 + 0.36 = 1
Therefore, the frequency of AA dogs is (0.4)^2 = 0.16, the frequency of AB dogs is 2(0.4)(0.6) = 0.48, and the frequency of BB dogs is (0.6)^2 = 0.36.
To calculate the population mean for body weight, we can use the following formula:
mean = p^2 x weight of AA dogs + 2pq x weight of AB dogs + q^2 x weight of BB dogs
Substituting the values we have:
mean = (0.4)^2 x 35 + 2(0.4)(0.6) x 37 + (0.6)^2 x 41
mean = 14 + 44.4 + 21.6
mean = 80 kg
Therefore, the genotype frequencies are AA= 0.16, AB= 0.48, BB= 0.36 and the population mean for body weight is 80 kg.
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Which of the following was mostly likely not present on the early Earth during the evolution of self-replicating molecules?
Amino acids
Nucleotides
Lipids
Free oxygen
Answer:
Free oxygen please if this helped check me out at uselessdeadonez AT INSTGRAM
9. The rock cycle shows the continuous changing of rock from one form to another.
A. What two geological processes are involved in changing an igneous rock to a sedimentary
rock? (4 points)
B. What two geological processes are involved in changing a sedimentary rock to a
metamorphic rock? (4 points)
C. What two geological processes are involved in changing a metamorphic rock to an igneous
rock? (4 points)
D. What scientist developed a model to help explain this cycling? (3 points)
The two geological processes involved in changing an igneous rock to a sedimentary rock are weathering and erosion. Weathering is the breakdown of rocks due to physical or biological processes, while erosion is the transport of weathered rock materials.
Thus, the two geological processes involved in changing a sedimentary rock to a metamorphic rock are heat and pressure which changes the minerals and textures of the sedimentary rock and a metamorphic rock is formed.
The two geological processes involved in changing a metamorphic rock that has been developed from sedimentary rock to an igneous rock are melting and solidification. James Hutton developed a model that explains the rock cycle which explains that the geological processes of Earth operate continuously and uniformly over long periods.
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BRONZE
5. Try to perform each type of strength,
muscular endurance, and power
training to see how it feels. Then,
suggest a sports performer who would
benefit from each type of training and
a sports performer who would gain
little or no benefit from each type of
training
SILVER
6. a) Use your knowledge of free
weights to construct a free-weights
plan that you could use to improve
strength, muscular endurance, or
power. The plan should include at least
six exercises, and should mention the
number of repetitions and sets the
performer should complete.
b) Create a work card, containing
diagrams and instructions, for each
exercise you have included in your plan
7. a) Design a circuit training session
to improve strength, muscular
endurance, and power. The circuit
should consist of eight stations.
b) Create a work card, containing
diagrams and instructions, for
each station
Rotating through several exercises with little to no rest in between is a type of full-body exercise.
Does having muscle imply strength?Yet, strength and muscular size are not the same thing. Although muscle strength can sometimes be predicted by size, the opposite is sometimes true. In other words, a person with bigger muscles might not always be capable of lifting more weights than a someone with fewer muscles.
What exactly does "most muscular" mean?The most muscular stance is a popular bodybuilding pose that is frequently utilized to show off the biggest amount of muscle mass to the selection panel in order to highlight as many of a performer's muscle varieties as possible.
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What enzyme is responsible for joining the nucleotides to synthesize a new complementary strand of DNA:
During DNA duplication, the enzyme known as DNA polymerase joins nucleotides to create a new complementary strand of DNA.
This procedure is necessary for maintaining the genetic code in living things and for the correct transmission of genetic information from one generation to the next.
DNA polymerase is the enzyme that connects nucleotides to create a new complementary helix of DNA. A crucial enzyme in DNA replication, which is how cells create copies of their DNA, is DNA polymerase.
During DNA replication, DNA polymerase adds nucleotides one by one in a specific sequence in accordance with the base-pairing rules to create a new complementary strand of DNA using one strand of DNA as a template. (A with T, and C with G).
Additionally, DNA polymerase checks for and fixes any mistakes that might emerge during DNA replication to make sure the new DNA strands are exact and faithful duplicates of the original DNA.
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Which question could be answered using the process of scientific inquiry?
Why do tuna exist?
What food do tuna like to eat?
When will all of the tuna be gone from the ocean?
How has the average size of tuna changed from year to year?
X
What is the answer pls help
The correct cellular respiration chemical equation is:
C₆H₁₂O₆ + 6O₂ → 6CO₂ + 6H₂O + energy (ATP)
What does this equation imply?This equation represents the overall process of aerobic respiration, which occurs in the presence of oxygen. In this process, glucose (C₆H₁₂O₆) is oxidized in a series of metabolic reactions to produce carbon dioxide (CO₂), water (H₂O), and energy in the form of adenosine triphosphate (ATP). The oxygen (O₂) serves as the final electron acceptor in the electron transport chain, which is used to generate ATP through oxidative phosphorylation. The process of cellular respiration is essential for the survival and function of all living organisms, as it provides the energy needed for cellular processes such as growth, maintenance, and reproduction.
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Explain how a cladogram is used to show evolutionary relatedness
Answer:
A cladogram is a branching diagram that represents the hypothetical relationship (phylogenetic relationship) between different groups of organisms. It is used in phylogenetic analysis to determine the evolutionary relatedness between organisms.
Each branch on a cladogram represents an evolutionary lineage. The names of specific taxa are placed at the end of each branch, while the names of groups to which those taxa belong are placed at the intersection of branches (nodes). By analyzing shared characteristics among different species and their ancestors, scientists can use cladograms to propose and ask questions about their evolutionary relationships.
Drugs, heath, and sports performance assignment
The health promotion team have been approached by their local county sport partnership (CSP) to help support a drugs awareness programme aimed at gifted and talented athletes in the area. You have been asked to produce information (PowerPoint presentation) that can be used as part of the drugs awareness programme.
Task 1
You need to prepare and present a presentation about the impact of performance- enhancing drugs on health and sports performance. Your presentation should include the following:
• Describe four different types of drugs and how each impact sports performance. (2D.P9)
• Evaluate the impact of four different performance- enhancing drugs on performance in four different types of sport (2D.M4)
• Using relevant examples, discuss why individuals may resort to using performance-enhancing drugs in there sporting field (2D.D3)
Evidence you must produce for this task
Powerpoint Presentation
Criteria covered by this task:
To achieve the criteria you must show that you are able to:
Unit
Criterion reference
Describe four different types of drugs and their impact on sports performance
2D.P9
Evaluate the impact of four different performance-enhancing drugs on performance in four different types of sport
2D.M4
Discuss, using relevant examples, why some individuals may resort to using performance-enhancing drugs in sport
The effect of performance-enhancing drugs on health and athletic performance is the topic of the presentation.
Introduction: Athletes utilize compounds known as performance-enhancing drugs (PEDs) to improve their performance.
Certain substances may seriously harm a person's health and result in sanctions like disqualification, fines, and even criminal prosecution.
In this presentation, we'll talk about the effects of four distinct PEDs on sports performance, assess how they affect performance in four different sports, and talk about why people would turn to using these substances in their sports.
Four different performance-enhancing drugs' effects on four different sports' performance:
Weightlifters can lift the greater weight by using anabolic steroids since they can improve their muscular mass. These can, however, also result in serious health issues and competition disqualification.
Cycling Stimulants: By boosting focus and energy, these medications enable cyclists to ride farther and faster. These can, however, also result in cardiac issues and competition disqualification.
Boxers that use diuretics perform better because they can reduce weight more quickly. These may, however, also result in dehydration and competitive disqualification.
Track and field competitors can run faster, jump higher, and throw farther by using human growth hormone (HGH), which can enhance muscular mass, strength, and endurance.
The effects of four different drug types on athletic performance:
Anabolic steroids: These medications improve performance by boosting muscular mass, strength, and endurance. These can, however, result in serious health issues, such as infertility, liver damage, and heart disease.
Stimulants: These medications boost energy, alertness, and attention, which improves performance. However, they may result in addiction, cardiac issues, and hypertension.
Diuretics: These medications assist athletes in losing weight quickly, which enhances performance. Yet they can also result in mortality, kidney damage, and dehydration.
Human growth hormone (HGH): This medication improves performance by boosting muscle mass, strength, and endurance. Yet, it can result in cancer, diabetes, and hypertension.
Reasons, why people could turn to use performance-enhancing substances in sports, include:
Athletes who are under pressure to perform well may turn to PED use in order to outperform their rivals.
Financial incentives: Some athletes might take performance-enhancing drugs to raise their chances of earning cash prizes or endorsement deals.
Lack of Education: Some athletes might not completely comprehend the dangers and effects of PED use and may unwittingly take them.
Peer Pressure: Athletes could experience peer or coaching pressure to use PEDs to enhance their performance.
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Where is the higher amount of water used per capita (made possible by technologically advanced
infrastructure for water management)?
Developed nations are often where you can find the greatest per capita water use (made feasible by technologically superior infrastructure for water management).
Does rising temperature result in an increase in the air's ability to contain water vapour?More water vapour can be stored in a volume of air at a higher temperature than at a lower one. Thus, the volume's ability to hold water vapour is affected by any change in temperature. The ability of air to contain water vapour rises with warming.
How does temperature affect the amount of water vapour in the air?Warmer air has a higher moisture content, hence it has more water vapour in it. Because water vapour does not condense and precipitate out of the atmosphere as readily, this specifically occurs.
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Pls help
state the function of mitochondria
Answer:
Powerhouse of the cell
evolution test populations of european salamander
What develops inside the cones of gymnosperms?
Answer:
Gymnosperms, or seed plants, develop seeds inside their reproductive structures, which are called cones. Each cone usually consists of overlapping scales, with small ovules that contain the plant's female gametes and eventually become seeds. Male gametes are produced in the form of pollen.most blank immunizations must be re administered on a regular basis is it artificial or natural or variolation?
What is the answer plssss help
Answer: I think its none of the above
Explanation: forgive me if im wrong
Mercury
Venus
Earth
Mars
Jupiter
Saturn
Uranus
Neptune
time
war
sky
speedy
Word Bank
"Erde"
beauty
largest
ocean
Planets
Mercury is the fastest-moving planet in the solar system, revolving around the Sun in only 88
days. It is named after the Roman god Mercury commonly known as the
messenger of the gods.
Venus, the brightest of the known planets before the invention of the telescope, is also the
hottest planet in the solar system with surface temperatures that reach up to 464 °C (867 °F).
It is named for the goddess of love and
Earth is currently the only planet we know of that contains life as we know it. Its name is
derived from the Anglo-Saxon term meaning ground or soil
Mars is a blood red colored planet because of the iron oxide content in its surface soil. Iron
oxide is the same compound that gives blood and rust their color. It is named for the Roman
god of
Jupiter is named after the king of the Roman gods. The planet Jupiter is the
planet in our solar system, about two-and-a-half times the size of all the other planets in the
solar system combined.
In ancient times the planet Saturn was visible for the longest period of time. It has rings that
encircle the planet made of ice and rock. Saturn is known as the god of
and agriculture.
Unlike the other planets, Uranus rotates on its side. Uranus, god of the sky, shares the same
color as the
Neptune has the solar systems strongest winds, which exceed 1,000 km per hour (621 miles
per hour). The surface of the planet Neptune resembles an
and is named
for the Greek god of the sea.
The planets in our solar system are Mercury, Venus, Earth, Mars, Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, and Neptune.
What is Solar System?
The solar system is the collection of celestial bodies that orbit around the Sun. It includes the Sun, eight planets, dwarf planets, moons, asteroids, comets, and other small bodies. The eight planets in our solar system, listed in order of their distance from the Sun, are Mercury, Venus, Earth, Mars, Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, and Neptune.
Mercury is the fastest-moving planet in the solar system, revolving around the Sun in only 88 days. It is named after the Roman god Mercury, who is commonly known as the messenger of the gods.
Venus, the brightest of the known planets before the invention of the telescope, is also the hottest planet in the solar system with surface temperatures that reach up to 464 °C (867 °F). It is named for the goddess of love and beauty.
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What would happen to the shadows if the sun moved farther away from the moon and earth. What would happen to the shadows if the sun moves closer to the moon and earth
Answer:
Hopwle you will understand this answer well
Explanation:
if the sun will go far away from earth and moon.the shadow will exchange its position or the earth and moon can't get light and it will be impossible for every living being to survive in the earth..and if the sun moves closer to the earth or moon the temperature will be increasing and the moon can be very shiny due to the getting more amount of light ......
Atom, molecule, element, compound worksheet HELP!
Need this done in under 40 mins before my class starts, I’m so confused and my friends are too
Molecules are groups of two or more atoms that are held together by chemical bonds. These bonds can be covalent, ionic, or metallic in nature.
What are atoms, molecules and compounds?1) We have only two atoms and two elements
2) We have two atoms, one molecule, one compound and one element
3) We have six atoms, two molecules, two compounds and two elements
4) We have eight atoms, three elements, one compound and one molecule
5) We have five atoms, two elements, one compound, one molecule.
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The Savannah (A) is a hybrid domestic cat breed. It is the result of selectively breeding domestic cats with African servals (B) in order to produce the signature color markings and large size.
Not all, but many of these Savannah cats are able to successfully reproduce with other domestic cats.
What could be a long-term effect of this type of selective breeding?
A.
Other cat breeds could evolve to mimic the markings of the serval.
B.
Servals could eventually evolve into domestic cats.
C.
It could change the genetic makeup of the entire domestic cat species.
D.
Domestic cats could eventually evolve into servals.
Answer:
C
Explanation:
Selective breeding can lead to changes in the genetic makeup of a population over time. Breeding hybrids with wild species can introduce new genes and traits that can be passed on to future generations. Over time, this can lead to changes in the genetic makeup of the entire population.
what is the answer ???????
Meiosis only occurs in plants, mitosis only occurs in animals is not the difference between meiosis and mitosis.
DifferenceMeiosis and mitosis are the two different processes that cells use to divide. When individuals talk about "cell division," they typically refer to the process of creating new body cells called mitosis. Egg and sperm cells are produced by a process called meiosis.Despite having two sets of divisions, meiosis follows a similar set of stages as mitosis. In the initial division, which is similar to mitosis, two cells are produced, each of which has two sets of chromosomes. As the genetic material is not duplicated again during the second division, four cells are produced that each contain one set of chromosomes.Similar to mitosis, meiosis II results in two daughter cells by separating one sister chromatid from each chromosome. Meiosis II segregates sister chromatids, just as mitosis, therefore it is known as the second meiotic division. For more information on meosis and mitosis kindly visit to
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Watch the Amoeba Sisters video on Endosymbiotic Theory. In 1-2 paragraphs, describe the endosymbiotic theory . In your description, be sure to include the two organelles whose origin this theory is thought to explain. Identify one piece of evidence that supports the endosymbiotic theory
Answer:
The endosymbiotic theory is a scientific theory that explains how eukaryotic cells, such as those found in animals and plants, evolved from simpler prokaryotic cells. According to the theory, mitochondria and chloroplasts, two organelles found in eukaryotic cells, were once independent prokaryotic cells that were engulfed by larger cells and then evolved to become mutually beneficial partners.
Mitochondria, the organelles responsible for energy production in cells, are thought to have originated from aerobic bacteria that were taken in by an ancestral eukaryotic cell. Chloroplasts, which are found in plant cells and are responsible for photosynthesis, are believed to have evolved from cyanobacteria that were similarly taken in by a eukaryotic cell. The evidence supporting this theory includes similarities in the structure, function, and genetic material of mitochondria and chloroplasts to free-living bacteria, as well as the fact that they have their own DNA, which is similar to bacterial DNA, and reproduce through a process similar to bacterial reproduction.
Explanation:
Compare and contrast how the circulatory system is important to obtaining raw
materials and excreting byproducts of cellular respiration.
The circulatory system is an integral part of cellular respiration by providing the necessary materials to create energy and remove toxins from the body.
What is cellular respiration?Cellular respiration is the process by which cells convert glucose into energy. This process occurs in all living organisms and is essential for life. During cellular respiration, glucose molecules are broken down in the presence of oxygen to produce energy in the form of ATP molecules.
Obtaining raw materials and excreting byproducts of cellular respiration are both accomplished by the circulatory system.
Obtaining raw materials occurs when the circulatory system delivers oxygen and other nutrients to the cells throughout the body. These materials are used in the process of cellular respiration to create energy for the cells. The circulatory system also removes waste products from the cells and transports them to other parts of the body for excretion.
Excreting byproducts of cellular respiration is also accomplished by the circulatory system. The waste products created in cellular respiration are removed from the cells and transported by the circulatory system to other parts of the body for excretion. In this way, the circulatory system helps to keep the body in balance and functioning properly.
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What will happen if all the sensory nerves stop working in any human's body?
Answer:
If all of the sensory nerves stop working in a human, they would become completely paralyzed. Without sensory input, their body would not be able to function properly and their brain cannot receive information from the outside world. This would result in severe complications, including loss of movement, feeling, and other bodily functions, along with potential long-term physical and mental health problems.What is the name of a process that happens outside of a cell?
What is the name of a process that happens between cells?
What is the name of a process that happens within one cell?
Exocystosis is the membrane-mediated process of cellular contents escape from the cell.
DefinitionHere, a transport vesicle from the Golgi or another part of the cell fuses with the plasma membrane to release its contents.Exocytosis is the fusion of secretory vesicles with the plasma membrane, which causes the release of vesicle content into the extracellular space as well as the integration of new proteins and lipids into the plasma membrane.Exocytosis happens in four steps during constitutive exocytosis and in five steps during controlled exocytosis. These procedures include vesicle trafficking, tethering, docking, priming, and fusing.Phagocytosis, pinocytosis, and receptor-mediated endocytosis are the three primary forms of exocytosis. Pinocytosis is generic.For more information on exocytosis kindly visit to
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Why are pandas especially vulnerable to extinction?
Answer:
Infrastructure development (such as dams, roads, and railways) is increasingly fragmenting and isolating panda populations, preventing pandas from finding new bamboo forests and potential mates. Forest loss also reduces pandas' access to the bamboo they need to survive.
Explanation:
Pandas are endangered mainly due to habitat loss. Humans have cleared much of the bamboo forests that pandas need to survive
Answer:
Pandas are especially vulnerable to extinction for several reasons:
Habitat loss: Pandas live in the bamboo forests of China, which are rapidly disappearing due to human activities such as logging, agriculture, and infrastructure development. As their habitat shrinks, pandas are forced into smaller and more isolated areas, making it harder for them to find mates and resources.
Limited diet: Pandas have a highly specialized diet consisting almost exclusively of bamboo. This means that they are dependent on specific types of bamboo forests, and changes in their habitat or bamboo availability can have a significant impact on their survival.
Low reproductive rate: Pandas have a low reproductive rate, with females only giving birth to one or two cubs every two to three years. This means that even small declines in their population can have long-lasting effects on their overall numbers.
b. In an initial population of 100 snowy plovers, there were 30 births and 20
deaths in one year. Based only on the birth and death rates, identify the expected
size of the snowy plover population at the end of the year.
Your answer
c. At the end of the year, there were actually 80 snowy plovers in the population.
Assuming there were no additional births or deaths, explain why the actual
population size differed from the expected population size.
Your answer
d. Current efforts to conserve plover populations include building wire fences
around their nests and making certain beaches off-limits to people during plover
breeding season. Explain why making certain beaches off-limits during plover
breeding season is a more effective conservation method than building fences
around plover nests.
Your answer
There have been really 80 snowy plovers inside the population at the conclusion of the year. An small wader inside the family of plover birds, this snowy plover is normally about 5-7" is length.
In California, how so many snow plovers are all there?There are currently only 2,500 western snowy plovers thought to exist along the Pacific Coast. Little shorebirds, about the size of a sparrow and measuring about 6 inches long, snowy plovers have pure white underparts, grey legs, and a short, black beak.
How are western snowy plover populations doing in California?The West Snow Plover (Characteristics of an organism nivosus nivosus), an migratory shorebird, has experienced a sharp decline in population throughout the Pacific coast in recent decades, primarily as a result of habitat degradation, human disturbance, and predation. According to the provisions of a Endangered Species Act, the plover has been designated as threatened.
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Janelle has read research demonstrating that interviews tend to be unreliable, partly because interviewers are susceptible to a variety of decision-making and perceptual biases; and she believes that most interviewers are susceptible to these biases. However, she continues to rely on her own interviews when selecting candidates because she is convinced that she is less biased than other interviewers. Janelle is demonstrating which of the following?
Select one:
a. blindspot bias
b. hindsight bias c. creativity
d. intuition
The blindspot prejudice that Janelle is displaying. They could be deceived by their blind spot bias into believing they need more than a box of cereal since they adore that certain brand.
Let's say someone goes to the store and buys an additional box of cereal. The cognitive bias known as the "bias blind spot" occurs when an individual recognises the influence of prejudices on the judgement of others while failing to recognise the influence of biases on their own judgement. The bias blind spot is indeed a cognitive bias that leads people to believe they are less prone to prejudice than other people and to be less conscious of their own biases than either others. According to experts, the bulk of our decisions are made by our unconscious mind.
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On a biochemical level, cocaine affects the neurotransmitter Serotonin.
True
False
a host cell has been infected with a virus and releases [ select ] cytokines to communicate to infected neighboring cells to [ select ] and to uninfected neighboring cells to [ select ] .
A host cell with a virus infection secretes paracrine cytokines which inform the neighboring infected cells to undergo apoptosis and also the uninfected neighboring cells to destroy RNA and stop making proteins.
Paracrine cytokines are the cytokines released from one cell that go and interact to the nearby cells. Cytokines are the cell signaling molecules of the immune system which regulate the growth of other immune cells and elicit an immune response.
Apoptosis is also called the programmed cell death. It is the process that occurs in cells which are no longer required by the body. Apoptosis of cells can occur due their infectivity, senescence, or some other reason.
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Which relationship is an example of predation?
O A. Barnacles are nonmoving animals that live on whales without
harming them.
OB. Chickens peck at the ground and eat many types of insects.
OC. Many bird species use tree branches and grass to build nests for
their young.
D. Spanish moss is a type of plant that grows on oak trees.
Answer:
B. Chickens peck at the ground and eat many types of insects.