The answer is option (c). Sophia deposits $200 into her account every month. Her account pays 2.5% interest, compounded monthly. $62,194.94 will be having in 20 years.
Given Sophia deposits $200 into her account every month and her account pays 2.5% interest, compounded monthly and we need to calculate how much she will have in 20 years.
To solve the given problem, we'll use the formula for compound interest, which is given as follows; A=P(1+r/n)^(nt) Where, A is the amount after t years is the principal (the initial amount) deposited, r is the annual interest rate, n is the number of times the interest is compounded per year, and t is the time in years.
Substituting the given values in the formula,
A=P(1+r/n) ^ (nt) Where,
P = $200 per month * 12 months/year * 20 years = $200 * 12 * 20 = $48,000 r = 2.5% = 0.025n = 12 (compounded monthly) t = 20 years. Plugging these values into the formula above, we have:
A = $48,000(1 + 0.025/12) ^ (12*20) Solving for A, we get; A = $62,194.94
Therefore, the answer is option (c) $62,194.94.
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Quiz Company purchased inventory with a price of $100,000 on March 5, 2022. The seller offered a 10% trade discount and purchase discounts of 2/10,n30. Quiz Company uses a periodic inventory system and uses the gross method to account for purchase discounts. The entry to record payment in full for the inventory on March 12,2022 would include: A credit to cash for $88,200 A debit to accounts payable for $98,000 Wroug A credit to cash for $100,000 A credit to purchase discounts for $2,000
The company purchased inventory at a price of $100,000 on March 5, 2022. The seller offered a 10% trade discount and purchase discounts of 2/10, n30. The company uses a periodic inventory system and uses the gross method to account for purchase discounts.
The entry to record the payment in full for the inventory on March 12, 2022, would include a credit to cash for $88,200, a debit to accounts payable for $98,000, and a credit to purchase discounts for $2,000.The trade discount offered by the seller on the purchased inventory is 10%. Hence, the cost of inventory is 90% of the listed price, which is 10% of $100,000 = $10,000$100,000 - $10,000 = $90,000The terms 2/10, n30 implies a 2% discount is offered if the amount is paid within 10 days. Otherwise, the full amount should be paid within 30 days. Using the gross method, the cost of inventory will be calculated first, and then the discount will be recorded if the payment is made within the discount period.The cost of inventory = $90,000; Purchase discount = 2% of $90,000 = $1,800. The payment will be made on March 12, 2022, which is 7 days after March 5, 2022, when the inventory was purchased. Hence, it is within the 10 days discount period. The entry to record the payment in full for the inventory on March 12, 2022, would include a credit to cash for $88,200, a debit to accounts payable for $98,000, and a credit to purchase discounts for $2,000.Hence, the answer is: WrougA credit to cash for $88,200 A debit to accounts payable for $98,000; A credit to purchase discounts for $2,000.
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You purchase an asset for $1800. At the end of the year, you sell the asset for$1950. The asset does not have any income stream attached to it. What is theasset's return (%)?
a)16.22%
b)12.15%
c)6.17%
d)8.33%
e)7.55%
Question 2 An investor is thinking about buying a discount bond with a $1000 face value andholding on to it until it matures. The purchase price of the discount bond isdetermined in the bond market. If the purchase price of the bond rises, the bond's
return will...a)fall.b)rise.
To calculate the asset's return percentage, we can use the formula:
Return percentage = ((Selling price - Purchase price) / Purchase price) * 100
Given:
Purchase price = $1800
Selling price = $1950
Return percentage = (($1950 - $1800) / $1800) * 100
= ($150 / $1800) * 100
= 0.0833 * 100
= 8.33%
Therefore, the asset's return is 8.33%.
2.
If the purchase price of the discount bond rises, the bond's return will rise.
When a bond is purchased at a discount, it means the purchase price is lower than the face value. The return on a bond is calculated as the difference between the face value and the purchase price, divided by the purchase price.
If the purchase price of the bond rises, it means the bond is being sold at a higher price than before. As a result, the difference between the face value and the purchase price increases, leading to a higher return percentage.
When the purchase price of a discount bond rises, the bond's return will also rise. This is because the bond is being sold at a higher price, resulting in a larger return when compared to the initial purchase price.
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Equity method journal entries with intercompany sales of inventory inventory to the investee, realizing a gross profit of $46,000 on the sale. At the end of the year, 20% of the inventory remained unsold by the investee. Required a. How much equity income should the investor report for the year? b. What is the balance of the Equity Investrnent at the end of the year? ollowing year?
The balance of the Equity Investment account at the end of the year would be $530,000. The equity method is used when one company (the investor) has significant influence over another company (the investee).
In this case, the investor sold inventory to the investee and realized a gross profit of $46,000. The equity income reported by the investor is based on its share of the investee's earnings. To determine this, we need to know the investee's net income for the year. Let's assume the investee's net income for the year is $200,000. Since the investor has a significant influence over the investee, it recognizes its share of the investee's earnings based on the ownership percentage. If the investor owns 20% of the investee's shares, the equity income would be calculated as follows: Equity Income = Investee's Net Income * Investor's Ownership Percentage; Equity Income = $200,000 * 0.20 = $40,000. Therefore, the investor should report an equity income of $40,000 for the year. b. The balance of the Equity Investment account represents the investor's initial investment plus or minus its share of the investee's earnings or losses.
Let's assume the initial investment was $500,000. We already calculated the equity income to be $40,000. To determine the ending balance of the Equity Investment account, we need to consider any dividends received from the investee. If the investor received $10,000 in dividends during the year, the ending balance of the Equity Investment account would be calculated as follows: Ending Balance = Initial Investment + Equity Income - Dividends ; Received; Ending Balance = $500,000 + $40,000 - $10,000 = $530,000. Therefore, the balance of the Equity Investment account at the end of the year would be $530,000. Please note that these calculations are based on the assumptions provided. If you have different values for net income, ownership percentage, or dividends received, you should adjust the calculations accordingly. As for the following year, to determine the equity income and ending balance, we would need information about the investee's net income, any dividends received, and the ownership percentage in that year.
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Gabriela Marco, a former regional manager for the Chipotle restaurant chain. On January 2, 2008 (but it might be 2009 due to an error on the medical records from, understandably, forgetting to use the new year, right after December 31), Gabriela underwent surgery in Eyeowah with Dr. Wright to donate a kidney to her cousin Scott Connolly. The surgery was successful and there were no reported complications. The same day, in a separate surgery, Dr. Maccabee transplanted Gabriela's donated kidney into Scott. In the subsequent days, Scott experienced some complications with the donated kidney. Additional surgical procedures were required. On January 10, Dr. Maccabee performed an exploratory surgery on Scott and apparently mistakenly stitched the renal artery which supplied blood to the donated kidney. On January 12, Dr. Daly performed yet another surgery on Scott. Dr. Daly observed Dr. Maccabee's sutures transgressing the renal artery and determined that the donated kidney could not be saved. Dr. Daly ordered the kidney to be removed. The true cause of the issues with the kidney are never disclosed to Scott or Gabriela.
EMMC is a non-profit hospital and Scott qualifies for their Charity Care Policy, but the hospital has indicated that they will not allow him to avail himself of the Charity Care Policy because transplants are not included under the policy.
At the time, Gabriela was obviously disappointed that her organ donation was unable to help Scott. But it was only a few months ago, when she returned to EMMC for some tests, that she learned this was due to surgical error. She is now not just disappointed but really disgusted that she subjected herself to serious risks from surgery for Scott, and it was all for nothing. Gabriela has some physician friends.
You are a hospital administrator at EMMC and you have this case reviewed by the following experts. Dr. Lucy is a cardiologist at Johns Hopkins in Baltimore. She opined that it was negligent to stitch the renal artery during the exploratory surgery. Dr. Apple is a surgeon at the Mayo Clinic in Rochester, MN. Dr. Apple also opined that it was negligent to stitch the renal artery during the exploratory surgery. Dr. Apple further opined that both Dr. Maccabee and Dr. Daly were negligent for failing to monitor and supervise Scott properly and detect the decreased blood flow to his transplanted kidney after the exploratory surgery. Dr. Apple said that if the decreased flow had been detected, there would have been a "good chance" the kidney could have been saved.
As I mentioned, in September 2013, Gabriela went to EMMC for some tests. She had been experiencing fatigue and urination problems. Dr. Sean diagnosed Gabriela with kidney disease. While medicine cannot reverse chronic kidney disease, it is often used to help treat symptoms and complications and to slow further kidney damage. Since Gabriela only has only one remaining kidney, Dr. Sean prescribed Soobent, a drug that has proven effectiveness for her condition. But apparently because of the $4000 per month cost, Gabriela's health insurer, Medicare, denied coverage. Medicare, explained that Soobent is still a new drug and has only significant proven effectiveness with patients who have kidney disease more serious and more advanced than Gabriela. Therefore, using it with someone like Gabriela is "experimental" and falls within the insurance contract's coverage exclusion for "experimental therapies." Dr. Sean appealed the denial by adding some additional false information into her medical record that makes Gabriela's appear sicker than she is. Her insurance company approves the drug, along with some other additional treatments based on the falsified documents in her medical record.
The CEO at EEMC hears about everything that has happened with both Gabriela and Scott. The CEO asks you as the hospital administrator to evaluate the risks for the organization based on the facts that you currently have. The CEO also asks you to come up with a corrective action plan so something like this doesn't happen again in the future. The CEO would like the risks and associated corrective action plan laid out in a memo so that he can present it to the Board. He would also like your opinion on whether EEMC should self-disclose the fraud by Dr. Sean to Medicare.
The hospital administrator should evaluate the risks associated with Gabriela and Scott's cases and develop a corrective action plan to prevent similar incidents in the future.
Memo
To: CEO, EEMC
From: Hospital Administrator
Date: [Date]
Subject: Risk Evaluation and Corrective Action Plan
I have evaluated the risks associated with the cases of Gabriela Marco and Scott Connolly and prepared a corrective action plan to prevent similar incidents in the future. Additionally, I will provide my opinion on self-disclosing the fraud by Dr. Sean to Medicare.
1. Risk Evaluation:
a) Surgical Negligence: The negligence in stitching the renal artery during the exploratory surgery resulted in the loss of the transplanted kidney.
b) Failure to Monitor and Supervise: The failure to detect decreased blood flow to the transplanted kidney after the exploratory surgery indicates a lapse in monitoring and supervision.
c) Insurance Fraud: Dr. Sean's falsification of Gabriela's medical records to secure coverage for Soobent and other treatments poses legal and ethical risks to EEMC if discovered.
2. Corrective Action Plan:
a) Surgical Protocols: Review and enhance surgical protocols to ensure thorough monitoring and supervision during and after procedures, with specific attention to vascular surgeries.
b) Quality Assurance: Strengthen quality assurance processes to identify and address surgical errors promptly. This includes regular performance evaluations, peer reviews, and implementing a culture of reporting and learning from adverse events.
c) Compliance and Ethics: Strengthen compliance and ethics programs to prevent and detect insurance fraud. This includes regular training, monitoring of medical record documentation, and robust internal reporting mechanisms.
d) Patient Education and Advocacy: Enhance patient education programs to ensure they understand their rights, treatment options, and how to address any concerns or grievances.
3. Self-disclosure to Medicare:
It is strongly recommended that EEMC self-disclose the fraud committed by Dr. Sean to Medicare. Falsifying medical records violates ethical standards and legal requirements.
This comprehensive approach will mitigate risks, enhance patient safety and satisfaction, and safeguard the hospital's reputation. By implementing these measures, EEMC can ensure the delivery of high-quality care while maintaining compliance with regulatory and ethical standards.
Please let me know if you require any additional information or clarification.
Thank you.
Sincerely,
[Your Name]
Hospital Administrator
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. Adhere to the concepts of organizational behaviour and apply decision-making and problem-solving techniques in formulating business policy.
This Week’s Detailed Case Study Information
Managing employees and relationships at work, is a challenging task. A lot of theories/strategies were developed by psychologists, managers, and other professionals to effectively manage relationships at work. You know most of these theories, and that is why this time you will help the company apply these concepts to real life situations. You will adhere to the concepts of organizational behaviour and apply decision-making and problem-solving techniques in formulating business policy.
You operate a car dealership, and your sales team is working hard each day to sell the inventory. The competition is fierce in the auto sales industry, and many of your sales staff, exaggerate the car features, and do not disclose the car bad features, or problems.
Today, a dissatisfied client walked into your office, and complained that he was sold a car that broke even before he reached home. The client explained that the car sales representative assured him that the car does not have any issues, and that he should ignore the check engine sign. The client listened to the salesperson, but shortly afterwards he realized that the car has a serious engine issue. You listened carefully to the client, and you were forced to reimburse the client for the repairs.
You were thinking a lot about this problem and you wrote down the key points:
The salespersons are compensated via commissions, and they have an internal conflict of interest to maximize commissions, especially during economic downturns.
The turnover rate for the sales personnel is high, and nobody cares about the corporate image. Since they all plan to leave to bigger car dealership, once they master the art of selling.
Next day you sit down and decide to figure out a solution for this problem. You are aware that you should follow certain techniques that you learned in organizational behavior to formulate a successful business policy in this regard. Therefore, you decide doing the following:
Identify, and analyze the factors, which could influence perceptions in this case.
List the steps in the "Prospect Theory" and apply these to the problem on hand.
Formulate a business policy, based on your analysis.
Deliverables, Format and Marking Scheme for This Week’s Case Study
Evaluation:
Identifying, and analyzing the factors influencing perception (2%).
Listing the steps in the "Prospect Theory" and applying these to the problem on hand (2%).
Formulating a business policy based on the above-mentioned organizational behavior concepts (1%).
Note: assume any missing information. Clearly state your assumptions in your submissions. Summarize your findings in a two-page word document.
In formulating business policy in the given situation, one should adhere to the concepts of organizational behavior and apply decision-making and problem-solving techniques.
The case study involves managing employees and relationships at work, which can be challenging. The employees of the car dealership are compensated via commissions, which leads to an internal conflict of interest to maximize commissions, especially during economic downturns. Fifth, set up a reward mechanism to appreciate the sales personnel's ethical behavior.
Sixth, set up an exit interview mechanism to understand the reasons for the sales personnel leaving and address their concerns. Seventh, set up a training and development program to retain the sales personnel. This business policy is based on the organizational behavior concepts of ethics, motivation, feedback, and training. It should lead to improved customer satisfaction, enhanced corporate image, reduced employee turnover, and increased sales and profits.
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a.) Limits for 4-sigma x charts
Upper Control Limit?
Lower Control Limit?
b.) What are the limits with 3 standard deviations from the target?
The 3-sigma x chart control limits:
Upper Control Limit?
Lower Control Limit?
Rosters Chicken advertises "ite" chicken wath 304 fower calories than standard chickon. When the procnss for "lite" chicken breast production is in control, the average chicken breast contains 430 calories. and the standard deviation in calocic content of the chicken breast population is 20 calories. Rosters wants to design an xˉ-chat to monito the caloric content of chicken breasts, where 25 chicken breasts would be chosen at random to form 6ach sample. a) What are the lower and unper control Ienits for this chart if those limits are chosen to be four standard deviasons fram the target? Upper Centrol Lima (uL−- ) "
The Limits for the 4-sigma X chart control limit are Upper control limit (UCL) = 446 and Lower control limit (LCL) = 414. The limits for the 3-sigma chart control limit are UCL = 442 and LCL = 418.
A control limit is defined as the upper limit beyond which a specific cause of variation is considered a sample value. The upper limit of a common cause variation is also defined. Below the centerline is called the lower control limit. Below this limit, each individual data point is considered out of control because of a special cause variation.
a) UCL (x bar) = µ + (4× σ)/√n
Where µ is the population mean; σ is the population standard deviation, and n is the sample size.
Here, µ = 430; σ = 20; √n = √25 = 5.
So, UCL (x bar) = 430 + (4× 20)/5 = 446
Similarly, LCL (x bar) = 430 - (4×20)/5 = 414
b) Here, all we need to do is tweak the above formula a bit to arrive at:
UCL (x bar) = µ + (3×σ)/√n
= 430 + (3×20)/5 = 442
& LCL (x bar) = µ - (3×σ)/√n = 418
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Define the relationship between labor and the value of a final consumption good, according to Adam Smith? Explain in detail
Adam Smith, one of the greatest economists of all time, is credited with developing the concept of the invisible hand, which he explained in his 1776 book "An Inquiry into the Nature and Causes of the Wealth of Nations.
"According to Smith, labor is the source of all economic value. A good's worth is determined by the amount of labor that goes into it. In other words, the more labor required to produce a product, the more valuable it is.Labor and the value of a final consumption good are interrelated according to Adam Smith. According to Smith, the value of a final consumption good is determined by the amount of labor expended in its production.
A good's worth is determined by the amount of labor that goes into it. In other words, the more labor required to produce a product, the more valuable it is.Adam Smith believed that labor was the most important factor in determining the value of a final cosnumption good.
The amount of labor required to produce a good is directly proportional to its value. A product's value is determined by the quantity of labor necessary to produce it.
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CoffeeCarts has a cost of equity of
14.5%,
has an effective cost of debt of
3.7%,
and is financed
74%
with equity and 26%
with debt. What is this firm's WACC?
The WACC (Weighted Average Cost of Capital) for CoffeeCarts, considering its cost of equity, cost of debt, and capital structure, is 11.69%.
To calculate the Weighted Average Cost of Capital (WACC), we need to consider the proportion of equity and debt in the company's capital structure and their respective costs.
Given:
Cost of equity (Re) = 14.5%
Cost of debt (Rd) = 3.7%
Equity weight (We) = 74%
Debt weight (Wd) = 26%
We can calculate the WACC using the formula:
WACC = (We * Re) + (Wd * Rd)
Plugging in the values:
WACC = (0.74 * 0.145) + (0.26 * 0.037)
= 0.1073 + 0.00962
= 0.1169
Therefore, the WACC for CoffeeCarts is 11.69%.
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In preparation for being an ethical worker, you can practice being an ethical consumer. How can you become an ethical consumer?
In preparation for being an ethical worker, you can practice being an ethical consumer. Becoming an ethical consumer involves being aware of the products you buy and the companies that produce them, as well as the effects of your purchases on the environment and society.
Among the ways to become an ethical consumer include:
1. Research products and companies: Ethical consumers should conduct thorough research on the products and companies they buy from. By doing so, one can learn about a company's track record of social and environmental responsibility.
2. Buy local: Buying local products promotes sustainability and helps reduce carbon emissions from transportation.
3. Look for eco-friendly products: Ethical consumers should look for products that are made using sustainable and eco-friendly materials. These products are manufactured in a way that does not harm the environment.
4. Support fair trade: Fair trade is a certification given to products that are made in conditions that are safe and just for workers.
5. Reduce, reuse, and recycle: Ethical consumers should try to reduce their overall consumption, reuse items, and recycle as much as possible.
In conclusion, becoming an ethical consumer involves being aware of the products and companies you buy from, and the effects of your purchases on the environment and society. By adopting ethical consumption practices, you can contribute to a more sustainable future for everyone.
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Sammy buys 3 March 2023 corn contracts when the quote is 672'6. His broker requires a 12% margin. He is trading on the CME futures exchange. One the first day after his purchase, the price of corn drops to 669'4. Will Sammy receive a margin call and if so how much, if anything needs to be added to his account? A. NO, he does not receive a margin call, nothing need be added to his account B. YES, he receives a margin call, and $2,000 must be added to his account C. YES, he receives a margin call, and $2,500 must be added to his account D. YES, he receives a margin call, and $5,000 must be added to his account
Sammy will not receive a margin call and does not need to add any funds to his account as the price drop does not trigger the margin requirement. The correct answer is option A.
To determine whether Sammy will receive a margin call and how much he needs to add to his account, we need to calculate the change in the value of his corn contracts and compare it to the margin requirement.
The initial value of the corn contracts is calculated by multiplying the contract size (which varies depending on the exchange) by the quote. Let's assume the contract size is 5,000 bushels.
Initial value = 3 contracts * 5,000 bushels * $6.726 per bushel = $101,790
The margin requirement is calculated by multiplying the initial value by the margin rate (12%).
Margin requirement = $101,790 * 0.12 = $12,227
Now, let's calculate the new value of the corn contracts after the price drop.
New value = 3 contracts * 5,000 bushels * $6.694 per bushel = $100,410
The change in value is the difference between the initial value and the new value.
Change in value = $101,790 - $100,410 = $1,380
Since the change in value is less than the margin requirement, Sammy will not receive a margin call. Therefore, the correct answer is A. NO, he does not receive a margin call, and nothing needs to be added to his account.
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9. What is meant by a company's book value? What is meant by market value? Explain why these values often differ for a particular company.
Book value refers to the value of the company's assets as indicated in the balance sheet, less its liabilities. It is an accounting measure that calculates the net worth of a business using the data provided in the financial statements. It is also known as the net asset value.
Market value, on the other hand, is the current price that investors are willing to pay for a share of a company. It is determined by the forces of supply and demand, and it takes into account many factors, including the company's financial performance, brand image, growth potential, and competition. Market value changes frequently and can be highly volatile.
It reflects the investor sentiment about the company, and it is often used as an indicator of the company's future prospects. Book value and market value can differ significantly for a company. This is because the book value is based on accounting data, while the market value reflects the expectations of investors. The book value is more backward-looking and reflects historical information about the company's assets, liabilities, and equity.
Conversely, if a company is expected to perform poorly, investors may be unwilling to buy its shares, which would lower its market value below its book value. Therefore, book value and market value can differ due to many factors, including the company's financial performance, brand image, growth potential, and competition.
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how you would use this information to create your business plan or use this information to assist with your business needs with Chp 5 in MGMT 2145 Business Plan Development. In Book(BARINGER, PREPARING EFFECTIVE BUSINESS PLANS, 2ND ED 9780133506976).
Chapter 5 of MGMT 2145 Business Plan Development discusses the Market Analysis section of a business plan. In this chapter, you will learn how to research your target market, identify your target audience, and develop strategies for marketing and sales.
This information is crucial for creating an effective business plan and developing a successful business. Using the information provided in this chapter, you can create a comprehensive market analysis that includes information on your target market, target audience, competition, and industry trends. This analysis will help you identify the strengths and weaknesses of your business, as well as opportunities and threats that may affect your success.
You can use this information to develop a marketing plan that is tailored to your target audience, and to identify strategies for reaching your sales goals. You can also use the information in this chapter to assist with your business needs. For example, if you are developing a new product or service, you can use market research to identify the needs and preferences of your target audience, and to develop a product that meets their needs.
Finally, the information in this chapter can help you develop a realistic financial plan for your business. By identifying your target market and potential sales, you can create financial projections that will help you secure funding and make informed decisions about your business. Overall, the information in Chapter 5 is essential for creating a successful business plan and developing a thriving business.
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Classify each of the following accounts taken from TH Company's statement of financial position and income statement (10, each 1point). 1. Building - ( ) 2. Copyrights-( ) 3. Retained earnings- ( 4. Note payable (due in 5 years) - ( 5. Inventory - ( 6. Sales returns and allowances - ( 7. Interest revenue - ( 8. Depreciation expense - ( 9. Accumulated depreciation - ( 10. Property Tax payable - ( )
Building - (Asset); Copyrights - (Intangible Asset; Retained earnings - (Equity); Note payable (due in 5 years) - (Liability); Inventory - (Asset); Sales returns and allowances - (Contra Revenue); Interest revenue - (Revenue); Depreciation expense - (Expense); Accumulated depreciation - (Contra Asset); and Property Tax payable - (Liability).
Copyrights refer to a type of intellectual property protection that grants exclusive rights to the creators or owners of original works, such as literary, artistic, musical, or dramatic creations. It provides legal ownership and control over the use and distribution of creative works, allowing the creators to protect and profit from their original creations.
Under copyright law, the owner of a copyrighted work has the exclusive rights to reproduce, distribute, display, perform, and create derivative works based on the original work.
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Do you see a parallel between the evolution of goals in economics and the move from Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) to environmental, social, and governance (ESG),? If so, please explain
COURSE: Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR)
Yes, there is a parallel between the evolution of goals in economics and the shift from Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) to environmental, social, and governance (ESG).
In the field of economics, goals have evolved over time from a focus solely on profit maximization to a broader understanding that includes social and environmental considerations. This evolution reflects a recognition that businesses operate within a larger societal context and have a responsibility to address issues beyond financial performance.
Similarly, the concept of Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) emerged as a way for businesses to actively contribute to society and address social and environmental concerns. However, over time, it became clear that CSR was not enough to fully capture the breadth and depth of these concerns. This led to the development of the environmental, social, and governance (ESG) framework.
ESG takes a more comprehensive approach by considering not only social and environmental factors but also governance practices within organizations. It recognizes that responsible business practices are essential for long-term sustainability and success.
The parallel between the evolution of goals in economics and the shift from CSR to ESG lies in the recognition that businesses need to consider a broader set of factors beyond financial performance. Both reflect a growing understanding that businesses have a role to play in addressing societal and environmental challenges.
In summary, the parallel between the evolution of goals in economics and the move from CSR to ESG demonstrates a shift towards a more comprehensive and sustainable approach to business that considers social, environmental, and governance factors. This evolution reflects a recognition of the interconnectedness between businesses and society, and the need for responsible and sustainable practices.
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In Myanmar (formerly Burma), five laborers, each making the equivalent of $7.00 per day, can produce 38 units per day. In China, ten laborers, each making the equivalent of $4.00 per day, can produce 45 units. In Billings, Montana, two laborers, each making $120.00 per day, can make 102 units. Based on labor cost per unit only, the most economical location to produce the item is with a labor cost per unit of $ (Enter your response rounded to two decimal places.)
Most economical location to produce the item based on labor cost per unit is China, with a labor cost per unit of approximately $0.89.
To determine the most economical location to produce the item based on labor cost per unit, we need to calculate the labor cost per unit for each location.
In Myanmar:
Labor cost per unit = Total labor cost / Total units produced
Labor cost per unit = (5 laborers * $7.00 per day) / 38 units per day
Labor cost per unit ≈ $0.92
In China:
Labor cost per unit = Total labor cost / Total units produced
Labor cost per unit = (10 laborers * $4.00 per day) / 45 units per day
Labor cost per unit ≈ $0.89
In Billings, Montana:
Labor cost per unit = Total labor cost / Total units produced
Labor cost per unit = (2 laborers * $120.00 per day) / 102 units per day
Labor cost per unit ≈ $2.35
Comparing the labor cost per unit for each location, we find that the most economical location to produce the item based on labor cost per unit is China, with a labor cost per unit of approximately $0.89.
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\begin{tabular}{lr} \multicolumn{2}{c}{ Income Statement (in \$-millions) } \\ \hline Revenues & $200.00 \\ Cost of Goods Sold & ($140.00) \\ Gross Profit & $60.00 \\ & \\ Selling, General, and Administrative Expenses & ($15.00) \\ Research and Development & ($10.00) \\ Depreciation \& Amortization & ($15.00) \\ Operating Income & $20.00 \\ & \\ Other income & $3.00 \\ EBIT & $23.00 \\ & \\ Interest Expense & ($7.50) \\ Pretax Income & $15.50 \\ & \\ Income Tax & ($3.88) \\ \hline Net Income & $11.63 \\ \hline \end{tabular} Basic Share Price Data \begin{tabular}{lr} \hline No. shares outstanding (in millions) & 8.10 \\ Last share price (in \$) & 32.12 \\ \hline \end{tabular} Than bik = variat ret ditती Netincon-e \[ \frac{\$ 11.61}{\hline} \] anteeri) The troon valie of duct: 5 mison The ranket vake of detu: 1 mison The ranke vase of equky 1 mbin The entertrise vak 3 main
The enterprise value is $265.172 million as per the information provided.
Income Statement (in $-millions)
Revenues = $200.00, Cost of Goods Sold = ($140.00)
Gross Profit = $60.00,
Selling, General, and Administrative Expenses = ($15.00)
Research and Development = ($10.00)
Depreciation & Amortization = ($15.00)
Operating Income = $20.00
Other income = $3.00EBIT = $23.00
Interest Expense = ($7.50)
Pretax Income = $15.50
Income Tax = ($3.88)
Net Income = $11.63
Basic Share Price Data
No. shares outstanding (in millions) = 8.10
Last share price (in $) = 32.12
Total Income is the sum of all revenues and gains minus the cost of goods sold and all expenses.
It is calculated by the formula:
Total Income = Revenues and Gains − Cost of Goods Sold − Total Expenses
Here,Total Income = $200.00 − ($140.00) − [($15.00) + ($10.00) + ($15.00)]
Total Income = $200.00 − $140.00 − $40.00
Total Income = $20.00
Net Income is the company's total earnings or profit, which is calculated by deducting all of the company's expenses from its total income. In other words, it is the profit that the company earns after paying all of its expenses.
Net Income = Total Income − Total Expenses + Other Gains
Net Income = $20.00 − [($15.00) + ($10.00) + ($15.00)] + $3.00
Net Income = $20.00 − $40.00 + $3.00
Net Income = $11.00
Number of shares outstanding (in millions) = 8.10
Last share price (in $) = 32.12
Market value of equity is calculated by multiplying the number of shares outstanding by the current stock price.
Market value of equity = Number of shares outstanding × Last share price
Market value of equity = 8.10 × $32.12
Market value of equity = $260.172 million
Market value of debt is the total market value of all of a company's outstanding debt, which is calculated by multiplying the number of outstanding bonds by their market price. Given, the total value of debt = $5 million.
Enterprise value is the sum of the market value of equity and the market value of debt.
Enterprise value = Market value of equity + Total value of deb
Enterprise value = $260.172 million + $5 million
Enterprise value = $265.172 million
Therefore, the enterprise value is $265.172 million.
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businessoperations managementoperations management questions and answersconsider one of your favorite brands that you think has really embraced our digital world, and answer the following questions: which brand/product/service did you pick? how has this brand innovated its marketing mix (product, price, place, and promotion) to adapt to our digital world? has this brand also leveraged the "5th p" (participation)? if so,
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Question: Consider One Of Your Favorite Brands That You Think Has Really Embraced Our Digital World, And Answer The Following Questions: Which Brand/Product/Service Did You Pick? How Has This Brand Innovated Its Marketing Mix (Product, Price, Place, And Promotion) To Adapt To Our Digital World? Has This Brand Also Leveraged The "5th P" (Participation)? If So,
Consider one of your favorite brands that you think has really embraced our digital world, and answer the following questions:
Which brand/product/service did you pick?
How has this brand innovated its marketing mix (Product, Price, Place, and Promotion) to adapt to our digital world?
Has this brand also leveraged the "5th P" (Participation)? If so, how?
Brand selected: Apple Inc.Apple Inc. is a world-renowned electronics company that has created a significant impact on the digital world. Apple's marketing mix has experienced a significant shift in the digital world.
This company has modified its product, price, promotion, and distribution methods, effectively adapting to the digital world. Apple has successfully used social media as well as other online platforms to advertise its products. Additionally, the company's online store has made its product purchasing process more accessible. Here are the marketing mix changes that Apple Inc. has adopted to meet the needs of the digital world:Product: Apple has modified its products to cater to the needs of the digital world.
The brand has introduced products such as iPhone, iPad, and MacBook, among others, that have evolved significantly in terms of design, features, and technology.Price: Apple's pricing strategy has evolved with the introduction of digital devices. Initially, the company charged exorbitant prices for its products, which have reduced significantly over time. Additionally, Apple has introduced forums for customers to share their experiences and ideas for future product development.
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A computer firm has a team of 70 computer consultants. These individuals either visit firms in the area on pre-arranged visits, or are called in for emergency repairs. The average time spent on each client is 2 hours. The consultants are usually available to work 8 hours a day, 5 days a week. Taking time off and illness into account, their available time reduces by 25%. Assume that the team can serve 950 clients a week, calculate the capacity utilisation of the team (as a percentage). Round your answer to the nearest whole number and do not write the % symbol. For example if the answer is 10.7%, write your final answer as 11.
The capacity utilization of a team of computer consultants can be calculated as follows:
Given the information that a team of 70 computer consultants is available to work 8 hours a day, 5 days a week, and the average time spent on each client is 2 hours.
Assuming that their available time decreases by 25% due to sickness and time off, the number of hours per week that consultants work on average can be computed by multiplying 70 by 8 by 0.75 or 420 hours.
Next, we must determine how many hours are required to serve 950 clients. To do so, multiply the average time spent per client by the number of clients. This can be calculated as follows:2 × 950 = 1900
Therefore, 1900 hours of work are required to serve 950 clients. Divide the total hours of work required by the average number of hours per week worked by a consultant, which is 420.1900/420 = 4.52 = 4.52 ≈ 5This indicates that the team needs more than five weeks to complete the work.
Thus, their capacity utilization is 100% because they are capable of meeting demand in the given period. Therefore, the capacity utilization of the team is 100%.
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1, What are the differences between dependent demand and independent demand inventories? provide a few examples .
2. Describe Implications and New Strategies in Inventory Management, and provide a few examples.
3. What are the pros and cons of using vendor-managed inventories?
1. Differences between dependent demand and independent demand inventories Dependent demand inventory is dependent on other items. These items are finished products or products that are going to be assembled to create other products.
The need for dependent demand inventories is derived from the demand for the finished products. Independent demand inventory is not dependent on any other item. It refers to the finished products that are in demand by the end-users or customers. Examples of dependent demand inventory: The need for bicycle frames is dependent on the demand for bicycles. The need for engine components is dependent on the demand for cars.
Examples of independent demand inventory: Cars, Laptops.
2. Implications and New Strategies in Inventory Management and a few examples Implications:
Since Inventory Management is an essential part of supply chain management, it affects many other areas. If an organization fails to manage inventory effectively, it will lead to stockouts, high costs, and poor customer service.
Just in Time:
This method involves manufacturing and delivering products at the exact time they are needed. It helps to reduce inventory carrying costs.
Cross Docking: This is the process of unloading products from a truck and loading them directly onto another truck to another destination.
It can also lead to improved collaboration and coordination between the vendor and the customer.
Cons:
The customer loses control over the inventory, which can lead to stockouts or overstocking. It can also lead to reduced flexibility in managing inventory.
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Can velocity affect total spending in the economy? If so, explain how. 17. According to the exchange equation, the price level is a function of M,V and Y. Do you agree or disagree? Explain your answer. 18. Expansionary monetary policy is ineffective at changing Y in the classical model. Do you agree or disagree with this statement? Explain and diagrammatically represent your answer. 19. What is contractionary monetary policy? expansionary monetary policy? 20. What is contractionary fiscal policy? expansionary fiscal policy? 21. Explain how each of the following will change the interest rate in the classical loanable funds market: a. a rise in the size of the deficit
Changes in velocity can affect the total spending in the economy. For example, if there is an increase in the velocity of money, even with a constant money supply, the total spending in the economy would rise.
How to explain the informationIn the classical model, expansionary monetary policy is often considered ineffective at changing real output (Y).
Contractionary monetary policy refers to actions taken by a central bank to reduce the money supply or tighten monetary conditions in order to control inflation. This can be achieved through measures such as raising interest rates, increasing reserve requirements for banks, or selling government securities.
Contractionary fiscal policy involves reducing government spending and/or increasing taxes in order to decrease aggregate demand and control inflation. By reducing government expenditure or increasing taxes, there is less overall spending in the economy, which can help reduce inflationary pressures.
In the classical loanable funds market, the interest rate is determined by the equilibrium between the demand for and supply of loanable funds. The interest rate serves as a mechanism to balance saving and investment.
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A rise in the size of the deficit increases government borrowing and the demand for loanable funds. This upward pressure on the interest rate occurs as the government competes for funds, resulting in higher interest rates.
Velocity can affect total spending in the economy. When velocity increases, money circulates more quickly, leading to higher total spending. Conversely, a decrease in velocity results in lower total spending.
According to the exchange equation (MV = PY), the price level (P) is influenced by the money supply (M), velocity (V), and real output (Y). Changes in M and V impact the price level, assuming Y remains constant. An increase in M or V leads to higher total spending and inflation, while a decrease in M or V reduces total spending and causes deflation.
Contractionary monetary policy reduces the money supply and tightens monetary conditions, aiming to control inflation. Expansionary monetary policy stimulates economic growth by increasing the money supply.
Contractionary fiscal policy reduces aggregate demand to control inflation or reduce deficits, while expansionary fiscal policy boosts aggregate demand to stimulate economic growth.
A rise in the size of the deficit increases government borrowing and the demand for loanable funds. This upward pressure on the interest rate occurs as the government competes for funds, resulting in higher interest rates.
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Consider the following three commodity market model:
QD,A = 6-2pA+3pB-2pc QS,A = 7+pA-pc
QD,B = 4+2pA-3pB+3pc QS,B = 3+pA+3pB
QD,C = 1+3pA+pB-pc QS,C = 2-2pB+pc
a. Specify the excess demand function for each market.
b. Use market-clearing condition to specify a linear system of equations. Is the system derived homogeneous? Explain.
c. Use Cramer’s rule to find the equilibrium prices pA, pB, and pC.
d. Verify that the prices found in part c do indeed clear the markets.
e. Solve the same system (for pA, pB, and pC) using matrix inversion. (Show the cofactor matrix derivation).
the inverse matrix does not provide unique solutions for pA, pB, and pc. Instead, it represents a linear dependence between the variables, indicating multiple possible equilibrium solutions for the system. Excess Demand, ED(C) = QD,C - QS,C = (1 + 3pA + pB - pc) - (2 - 2pB + pc) = -1 + 3pA + 3pB - 2pc. The system derived is homogeneous because all the variables (pA, pB, pc) have zero coefficients in the constant terms. pc = Dz / D = 0 / -6 = 0. Since the excess demand for each market is not equal to zero, it indicates that the prices found in part c do not clear the markets.
a. Excess Demand Functions:
For market A:
Excess Demand, ED(A) = QD,A - QS,A = (6 - 2pA + 3pB - 2pc) - (7 + pA - pc) = -1 - 3pA + 3pB + pc
For market B:
Excess Demand, ED(B) = QD,B - QS,B = (4 + 2pA - 3pB + 3pc) - (3 + pA + 3pB) = 1 + pA - 6pB + 3pc
For market C:
Excess Demand, ED(C) = QD,C - QS,C = (1 + 3pA + pB - pc) - (2 - 2pB + pc) = -1 + 3pA + 3pB - 2pc
b. Linear System of Equations:
To specify a linear system of equations, we equate the excess demand functions to zero (since markets clear at equilibrium):
-1 - 3pA + 3pB + pc = 0 ...(1)
1 + pA - 6pB + 3pc = 0 ...(2)
-1 + 3pA + 3pB - 2pc = 0 ...(3)
The system derived is homogeneous because all the variables (pA, pB, pc) have zero coefficients in the constant terms.
c. Using Cramer's Rule to Find Equilibrium Prices:
We can solve the system of equations using Cramer's rule, which involves calculating determinants.
Let D be the determinant of the coefficient matrix:
D = [tex]\left[\begin{array}{ccc}-3&3&1\\1&-6&3\\3&3&-2\end{array}\right][/tex]
D = (-3)(-6)(-2) + (3)(3)(3) + (1)(1)(3) - (1)(-6)(3) - (-3)(3)(-2) - (3)(1)(3) = -81 + 27 + 3 + 18 + 18 + 9 = -6
Let Dx, Dy, and Dz be the determinants of the matrices obtained by replacing the respective column of D with the constant terms.
Dx =[tex]\left[\begin{array}{ccc}0&3&1\\0&-6&3\\0&3&-2\end{array}\right][/tex]
Dx = (0)(-6)(-2) + (3)(3)(3) + (1)(0)(3) - (0)(3)(3) - (-6)(3)(-2) - (3)(0)(3) = 0 + 27 + 0 - 0 + 36 + 0 = 63
Dy = -3 0 1
1 0 3
3 0 -2
Dy = (-3)(0)(-2) + (0)(3)(3) + (1)(0)(3) - (1)(0)(-2) - (-3)(0)(3) - (3)(0)(3) = 0 + 0 + 0 - 0 + 0 + 0 = 0
Dz = -3 3 0
1 -6 0
3 3 0
Dz = (-3)(-6)(0) + (3)(3)(0) + (0)(1)(0) - (0)(-6)(0) - (-3)(3)(0) - (3)(0)(0) = 0 + 0 + 0 - 0 + 0 + 0 = 0
Using Cramer's rule, we can find the equilibrium prices:
pA = Dx / D = 63 / -6 = -10.5
pB = Dy / D = 0 / -6 = 0
pc = Dz / D = 0 / -6 = 0
d. Verification of Market Clearance:
To verify if the prices found in part c clear the markets, we substitute the values into the excess demand functions.
For market A: ED(A) = -1 - 3(-10.5) + 3(0) + 0 = -1 + 31.5 + 0 = 30.5
For market B: ED(B) = 1 + (-10.5) - 6(0) + 3(0) = 1 - 10.5 + 0 = -9.5
For market C: ED(C) = -1 + 3(-10.5) + 3(0) - 2(0) = -1 - 31.5 + 0 = -32.5
Since the excess demand for each market is not equal to zero, it indicates that the prices found in part c do not clear the markets.
e. Solving the System Using Matrix Inversion:
To solve the system using matrix inversion, we need to derive the cofactor matrix.
The coefficient matrix:
-3 3 1
1 -6 3
3 3 -2
The cofactor matrix is obtained by taking the determinants of the 2×2 matrices formed by removing each element of the coefficient matrix.
Cofactor matrix:
12 9 9
18 6 -3
-9 -9 -9
To find the inverse of the coefficient matrix, we divide the cofactor matrix by the determinant (-6).
Inverse matrix:
-2 -1.5 -1.5
-3 -1 0.5
1.5 1.5 1.5
Using the inverse matrix, we can find the equilibrium prices:
-2 -1.5 -1.5 0pA
-3 -1 0.5 × 0 = pB
1.5 1.5 1.5 0 pc
This system of equations simplifies to:
-2pA - 1.5pB - 1.5pc = 0
-3pA - pB + 0.5pc = 0
1.5pA + 1.5pB + 1.5pc = 0
By comparing the coefficients, we can see that the system derived is homogeneous.
We can observe that the inverse matrix does not provide unique solutions for pA, pB, and pc. Instead, it represents a linear dependence between the variables, indicating multiple possible equilibrium price solutions for the system.
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The excess demand function for each market can be obtained by subtracting the quantity supplied (QS) from the quantity demanded (QD).The market-clearing condition states that the excess demand in each market should be equal to zero for equilibrium and to solve the system of equations using Cramer's rule, we need to find the determinant of the coefficient matrix and the determinants of the matrice and to verify that the prices found in part c clear the markets, we substitute the equilibrium prices into the excess demand functions
a. The excess demand function for each market can be obtained by subtracting the quantity supplied (QS) from the quantity demanded (QD):
Excess demand function for market A:
ED_A = QD,A - QS,A
= (6 - 2pA + 3pB - 2pc) - (7 + pA - pc)
= -1 - pA + 3pB - pc
Excess demand function for market B:
ED_B = QD,B - QS,B
= (4 + 2pA - 3pB + 3pc) - (3 + pA + 3pB)
= 1 + pA - 6pB + 3pc
Excess demand function for market C:
ED_C = QD,C - QS,C
= (1 + 3pA + pB - pc) - (2 - 2pB + pc)
= -1 + 3pA + 3pB - 2pc
b. The market-clearing condition states that the excess demand in each market should be equal to zero for equilibrium. Using this condition, we can set up a linear system of equations:
ED_A = -1 - pA + 3pB - pc = 0
ED_B = 1 + pA - 6pB + 3pc = 0
ED_C = -1 + 3pA + 3pB - 2pc = 0
This system of equations is not homogeneous because the constant terms (-1, 1, -1) are non-zero.
c. To solve the system of equations using Cramer's rule, we need to find the determinant of the coefficient matrix and the determinants of the matrices obtained by replacing each column of the coefficient matrix with the constant terms.
Coefficient matrix:
| -1 3 -1 |
| 1 -6 3 |
| 3 3 -2 |
Determinant of the coefficient matrix (D):
D = |-1 3 -1 |
| 1 -6 3 |
| 3 3 -2 |
= -1(3(-2) - 3(3)) - 3(1(-2) - 3(3)) + (-1)(1(3) - 3(3))
= -6 - 3(-9) + 6
= -6 + 27 + 6
= 27
Replacing the first column with the constant terms:
D_A = | 0 3 -1 |
| 0 -6 3 |
| 0 3 -2 |
= 0
Replacing the second column with the constant terms:
D_B = |-1 0 -1 |
| 1 0 3 |
| 3 0 -2 |
= -1(0(-2) - 3(0)) - 0(1(-2) - 3(3)) + (-1)(1(0) - 3(3))
= 0
Replacing the third column with the constant terms:
D_C = |-1 3 0 |
| 1 -6 0 |
| 3 3 0 |
= 0
Now, we can find the equilibrium prices using Cramer's rule:
pA = D_A / D = 0 / 27 = 0
pB = D_B / D = 0 / 27 = 0
pC = D_C / D = 0 / 27 = 0
d. To verify that the prices found in part c clear the markets, we substitute the equilibrium prices into the excess demand functions and check if they equal zero:
ED_A = -1 - (0) + 3(0) - (0) = -1 ≠ 0
ED_B = 1 + (0) - 6(0) + 3(0) = 1 ≠ 0
ED_C = -1 + 3(0) + 3(0) - 2(0) = -1 ≠ 0
Since the excess demand is not zero for each market, the prices found in part c do not clear the markets.
e. To solve the system of equations using matrix inversion, we need to calculate the inverse of the coefficient matrix.
Coefficient matrix:
| -1 3 -1 |
| 1 -6 3 |
| 3 3 -2 |
Cofactor matrix:
| -18 -9 -18 |
| -3 -6 -3 |
| -9 -18 -18 |
Adjugate matrix (transpose of the cofactor matrix):
| -18 -3 -9 |
| -9 -6 -18 |
| -18 -3 -18 |
Determinant of the coefficient matrix (D) = 27 (as calculated in part c).
Inverse of the coefficient matrix (A^(-1)):
A^(-1) = (1/D) * adjugate matrix
= (1/27) * | -18 -3 -9 |
| -9 -6 -18 |
| -18 -3 -18 |
Therefore, the inverse of the coefficient matrix is:
| -2/9 -1/27 -1/3 |
| -1/3 -2/9 -2/3 |
| -2/3 -1/27 -2/3 |
To solve for the equilibrium prices, we multiply the inverse of the coefficient matrix by the constant terms' matrix:
| -2/9 -1/27 -1/3 | | 0 |
| -1/3 -2/9 -2/3 | * | 0 |
| -2/3 -1/27 -2/3 | | 0 |
The solution is:
pA = 0
pB = 0
pC = 0
However, as we observed in part d, these prices do not clear the markets.
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Jully Ltd. is building a new bridge that takes 18 months to complete. On 1st January 2020, it got a bank loan of $5,000,000 for 5 years at an interest rate of 8%/year for financing the construction. On 1st February 2020, it began to pay construction costs. Due to the actual conditions at the construction site, the bridge was flooded in the period from July to September. Thus, the construction cannot be carried out during this period (the Company has anticipated this).The total cost of building the bridge to completion is $5,000,000. Since construction costs are gradually eliminated according to the construction progress, there is a temporary income from the above loan of $100,000 during the construction period.
Required:
1. Determine when to start capitalization, stop capitalization and the time period when borrowing costs are capitalized into the cost of the bridge?
2. Determine the original cost of the bridge and annual depreciation charges
3. Make necessary accounting entries
1. Capitalize borrowing costs during construction from February 2020 to June 2020 and from October 2020 until completion.
2. The original cost of the bridge is $5,000,000, with annual depreciation charges of $250,000 over a 20-year useful life.
1. Determining when to start capitalization, stop capitalization, and the time period when borrowing costs are capitalized into the cost of the bridge:
According to the given information, the construction of the bridge takes 18 months to complete. The borrowing costs should be capitalized when the following conditions are met:
a) Expenditures on the asset have been made.
b) Borrowing costs are being incurred.
c) Activities that are necessary to prepare the asset for its intended use or sale are in progress.
Since construction costs begin on 1st February 2020, this is when the capitalization of borrowing costs should start.
The borrowing costs should be capitalized until the construction is interrupted due to flooding from July to September. During this period, no construction activities are taking place, so borrowing costs should be expensed rather than capitalized.
Once the construction activities resume in October, the capitalization of borrowing costs should also resume until the construction is completed.
2. Determining the original cost of the bridge and annual depreciation charges:
The original cost of the bridge is the total cost of building the bridge, which is $5,000,000.
To calculate the annual depreciation charges, we need to determine the useful life of the bridge. Let's assume the useful life of the bridge is 20 years.
The annual depreciation charges can be calculated using the straight-line depreciation method, which evenly distributes the cost over the useful life.
Annual Depreciation = Original Cost / Useful Life
Annual Depreciation = $5,000,000 / 20 = $250,000
Therefore, the annual depreciation charges for the bridge are $250,000.
3. Making necessary accounting entries:
a) Start of Capitalization (1st February 2020):
Debit: Construction in Progress (asset account) - $5,000,000
Credit: Bank Loan (liability account) - $5,000,000
b) Stop of Capitalization (1st July 2020):
Debit: Construction Expense (expense account) - $100,000
Credit: Accrued Borrowing Costs (liability account) - $100,000
c) Resumption of Capitalization (1st October 2020):
Debit: Construction in Progress (asset account) - $100,000
Credit: Accrued Borrowing Costs (liability account) - $100,000
d) Completion of Construction (date of completion):
Debit: Construction in Progress (asset account) - Remaining balance
Credit: Bank Loan (liability account) - Remaining balance
e) Annual Depreciation (each year):
Debit: Depreciation Expense (expense account) - $250,000
Credit: Accumulated Depreciation (contra-asset account) - $250,000
Note: The specific dates and accounts used in the accounting entries may vary based on the company's accounting policies and practices. It's recommended to consult with an accountant or financial professional for accurate and tailored advice for your specific situation.
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Consider the affects on the covid-19 shutdown on business. Here is a list of a few companies to think about. Pick at least ONE and do a little research to see what is happening to that company. Discuss how the shutdown has affected the company and its strategy, what the company is doing now to adjust, then what would YOU do if YOU were the CEO when the pandemic is over to recover and return your company to normal operations. Here is the list with their stock sticker symbol.
American Airlines (AAL)
Royal Caribbean Cruise Lines (RCL)
Amazon (AMZN)
Bloomin Brands (BLMN) (own Outback Steakhouse, Carrabba's, Bonefish Grill, etc)
Activison Blizzard (ADVI)
Amazon's strategy during the pandemic included hiring more staff, expanding delivery operations, and prioritizing essential items. To recover fully, the company should focus on expanding to new locations, diversifying its portfolio, and investing in sustainability initiatives.
The covid-19 pandemic has impacted almost every industry worldwide and has forced many companies to adjust their strategies to stay in business. Amazon is one of the companies that have thrived in this pandemic. It is a multinational technology company that focuses on e-commerce, cloud computing, digital streaming, and artificial intelligence.
Amazon's strategy during the pandemic: Amazon has had to make some changes to its operations in order to keep up with the demand due to the pandemic. The company has had to hire additional staff, increase the number of warehouses, and expand delivery operations.
They have also changed their strategy by prioritizing essential items to be delivered first to customers. To adjust to the pandemic, Amazon has focused on the following; Hiring more staff, including 100,000 full-time and part-time positions.
Expanding delivery operations to new locations.Ensuring that customers have access to essential items such as groceries, cleaning supplies, and medical supplies. Increasing the number of warehouses to cater to the increased demand. Now that the pandemic is winding down, there are still a few things that Amazon needs to do to recover and return to normal operations.
They include; Expanding to new locations to reach more customers. Diversifying its portfolio to reduce over-dependence on e-commerce. Focusing on sustainability to align with customer values. If I were the CEO, I would consider investing more in the sustainability and environmental initiatives of the company to ensure that the company aligns with the values of the consumers.
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Discussion: Demographics Assume you are the vice president of Marketing for one of the following firms. What is the demographic profile of your largest target market? • Paramount+ • Chick Fil-A Royal Farms . Cleveland Browns • Whirlpool • Mezeh • Grey Goose • Acme
As the Vice President of Marketing for different firms such as Paramount+, Chick Fil-A, Royal Farms, Cleveland Browns, Whirlpool, Mezeh, Grey Goose, and Acme, it's essential to understand the demographic profiles of each target market.
Demographics is a study of a particular population group that includes age, gender, income level, education, and other factors. Understanding the demographics of a target market is crucial in designing a marketing campaign that targets the specific audience with precision.
Paramount+:
Paramount+ targets the demographic of all ages but mainly focuses on millennials and Gen Xers. This target market is tech-savvy and spends most of their time streaming movies, shows, and sports events online. This market segment is highly educated and has an average income of $75,000 and above.
Chick Fil-A:
The largest target market for Chick Fil-A includes people between the ages of 18-35. The majority of the target market are women and young adults that belong to the middle-income group. These people are health-conscious and prefer fast food that is less oily and has fewer calories.
Royal Farms:
The primary target market of Royal Farms is adults between the ages of 18-35, who are working-class and have an income level of $50,000 and above. This market segment prefers fresh and organic foods and is keen on knowing the nutritional values of the food they consume.
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Manufacturing company requires additional factory space and machine to increase its production. The Production manager and CEO have two proposals under consideration. Relevant data for two proposals are as follows:
Propsal X: Inv = 500,000, Incremental Fixed cost per year = 40,000, Additional capacity in machine hours = 50,000hours, Useful life=10 years, Salvage value=0
Propsal Y: Inv = 700,000, Incremental Fixed cost per year = 50,000, Additional capacity in machine hours = 70,000hours, Useful life=10 years, Salvage value=0
The company produces three products A,B and C, the following data have been furnished by the management accountant with the help of production regarding the capacity utilization:
Product A: Increased in sales units = 7,500, Contribution margin per unit= $5, Machine hours required per unit = 2
Product B: Increased in sales units = 10,000, Contribution margin per unit= $6, Machine hours required per unit = 4
Product C: Increased in sales units = 7,500, Contribution margin per unit= $10, Machine hours required per unit = 5
Corporate tax rate is 35% and cost of capital is 14%. Investment allowance is 25%. Company uses SLM depreciation. You are required to determine which of the two plants should be selected and how the increased capacity should be used?
Answer should be solved through cash flows
To determine the better option, Proposal X or Proposal Y, calculate the net present value (NPV) of each proposal by considering incremental cash flows, applying the cost of capital, and adjusting for investment allowance and tax effects.
To determine which proposal, X or Y, should be selected and how the increased capacity should be utilized, we need to calculate the relevant cash flows and compare the net present value (NPV) of each proposal.
1. Calculate the incremental cash flows for each proposal:
For Proposal X:
- Incremental fixed costs per year: $40,000
- Additional capacity in machine hours: 50,000 hours
- Calculate the incremental contribution margin for each product based on the increased sales units:
- Product A: 7,500 units * $5 = $37,500
- Product B: 10,000 units * $6 = $60,000
- Product C: 7,500 units * $10 = $75,000
For Proposal Y:
- Incremental fixed costs per year: $50,000
- Additional capacity in machine hours: 70,000 hours
- Calculate the incremental contribution margin for each product based on the increased sales units:
- Product A: 7,500 units * $5 = $37,500
- Product B: 10,000 units * $6 = $60,000
- Product C: 7,500 units * $10 = $75,000
2. Calculate the incremental operating cash flows:
- Calculate the incremental cash inflows by subtracting the incremental fixed costs from the incremental contribution margin for each product.
- Multiply the incremental cash inflows by the machine hours required per unit to determine the incremental cash inflows per machine hour.
3. Determine the net cash flows:
- Subtract the incremental fixed costs from the incremental cash inflows per machine hour to obtain the net cash flows per machine hour.
- Multiply the net cash flows per machine hour by the additional capacity in machine hours to determine the total net cash flows.
4. Calculate the present value of the cash flows:
- Apply the cost of capital (14%) to discount the net cash flows for each year over the useful life of 10 years.
- Calculate the present value of the net cash flows for each proposal.
5. Calculate the net present value (NPV):
- Determine the NPV by subtracting the initial investment from the present value of the cash flows.
6. Consider the investment allowance and tax effects:
- Apply the investment allowance (25%) to the initial investment.
- Calculate the tax shield by multiplying the corporate tax rate (35%) with the depreciation expense (initial investment divided by useful life).
- Adjust the NPV by subtracting the tax shield.
Compare the NPV of Proposal X and Proposal Y to determine the better option. The proposal with the higher NPV should be selected, indicating the more favorable investment for the manufacturing company.
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Examining Cultural Variables in a Business Letter
These two versions of the same business letter were written by a sales manager for an American computer company. The first letter was addressed to a potential customer in the United States; the second version was addressed to a potential customer in Japan. The questions that follow ask you to think about how cultural variables affect the nature of the evidence, the structure of the letters, and their tone.
Cultural variables play a vital role in how people interact with each other, both in business and personal contexts.
A sales manager of an American computer company wrote two versions of the same business letter to potential customers in the United States and Japan. In examining the cultural variables in these letters, it's crucial to consider how they affect the nature of the evidence, structure, and tone of the letters. Evidence in a business letter is the information or data that backs up the claims made in the letter.
In the US letter, the sales manager uses figures and data to support the quality of the products the company offers. On the other hand, in the Japanese letter, the sales manager emphasizes the long-standing relationship between the two companies and the trust they have developed.
This shows that cultural variables play a significant role in the nature of evidence in a business letter. The structure of a business letter refers to how the information is presented in the letter.
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We can use macroeconomic analysis to Select one: a. study the choices made by households. b. understand marginal changes in the macroeconomy. c. learn how to balance a checkbook. d. understand why economies grow.
We can use macroeconomic analysis to understand why economies grow. What is macroeconomic analysis? Macroeconomic analysis refers to the examination of the macroeconomy as a whole. The macroeconomy is defined as the sum of all goods and services produced by all individuals, firms, and the government in a country during a specified period of time. It includes all of the economic indicators and trends that are used to determine the overall health of an economy, such as inflation, GDP, and unemployment.
Macroeconomic analysis is used to understand how the overall economy is functioning and to identify any potential areas of concern or improvement in the economy. Why do we use macroeconomic analysis? We use macroeconomic analysis to gain insight into how the economy works and how it affects people's lives. By examining the overall trends and indicators in the macroeconomy, we can gain a better understanding of how the economy is performing, where it is headed, and what policies might be necessary to promote economic growth and stability. In particular, macroeconomic analysis can help us to understand why economies grow and what factors contribute to economic growth.
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What are five ways to manage risk of conducting
business in your company or in Wal-Mart? Risk is defined as a
negative consequence of some action the company is taking to pursue
their business goals?
The strategies include Diversification of business activities, Implementing effective risk management strategies and Obtaining appropriate insurance coverage.
To manage the risk of conducting business, companies, including Wal-Mart, can employ several strategies:
Diversification of business activities: Expanding into different markets or product lines reduces reliance on a single revenue stream and mitigates the impact of risks in specific sectors.Implementing effective risk management strategies: Identifying potential risks, assessing their likelihood and impact, and developing comprehensive risk management plans to minimize or mitigate those risks.Obtaining appropriate insurance coverage: Adequate insurance coverage can protect against financial losses arising from various risks, such as property damage, liability claims, or business interruptions.Conducting thorough market research and analysis: By understanding the market dynamics, customer preferences, and competitor landscape, companies can make informed decisions and anticipate potential risks.Establishing contingency plans: Developing contingency plans for potential risks, such as natural disasters, supply chain disruptions, or economic downturns, enables businesses to respond swiftly and effectively, minimizing the negative consequences.These risk management practices help companies maintain stability, protect assets, and enhance resilience in the face of uncertainties and adverse events.
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If the market price per share is $60 and the price-earnings ratio is 3, then income is Select one: O a. $20 O b. $25 O c. $30 O d. Unable to tell from data given
The market price per share, price-earnings ratio and income are related. Let's find out how.If the market price per share is $60 and the price-earnings ratio is 3, then the income is $20.
What is the price-earnings ratio?The price-earnings ratio (P/E ratio) compares a company's current share price with its earnings per share (EPS).The price-earnings ratio formula is as follows:P/E Ratio = Market Price Per Share / Earnings Per ShareNow, we can substitute the known variables into the formula and solve for the unknown. Since we are given the market price per share as $60 and the price-earnings ratio as 3, we can assume that the earnings per share are $20. This is because if the P/E ratio is 3, then the market price per share is 3 times the earnings per share, as shown below:P/E Ratio = Market Price Per Share / Earnings Per Share3 = $60 / Earnings Per ShareEarnings Per Share = $60 / 3Earnings Per Share = $20Therefore, the answer is option A. $20.
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The current stock price of IBM is $100, and three-month call options with a strike price of $105 currently sell for $2.50. An investor who feels that the price of the stock will increase is trying to decide between buying 100 shares and buying 4,000 call options. Both strategies involve an investment of $10,000. a) Illustrate that the potential profit and potential loss are both higher with option trading, by showing what happens if the stock price rises to $110, or falls to $90. b) How would an investor choose among the two investment with different risk appetite?
a) With option trading, the potential profit and potential loss are both higher compared to buying shares. If the stock price rises to $110, the call options would result in a higher profit compared to the shares, but if the stock price falls to $90, the call options would result in a higher loss.
b) An investor with a higher risk appetite may choose option trading as it offers higher potential profits, but it also comes with higher potential losses. Conversely, an investor with a lower risk appetite may choose to buy shares as it provides more stability and lower potential losses.
In option trading, the potential profit and potential loss are amplified compared to buying shares. If the stock price rises to $110, the call options would yield a profit of $1,500 ($110 - $105 strike price) for each option, resulting in a total profit of $6,000 for the 4,000 options. On the other hand, if the stock price falls to $90, the call options would result in a loss of $10,000 (the initial investment) since the options would expire worthless. In contrast, if 100 shares were purchased, the profit would be $1,000 ($110 - $100) if the stock price rises to $110, or a loss of $1,000 ($100 - $90) if the stock price falls to $90.
The choice between the two investments depends on the investor's risk appetite. Option trading offers the potential for higher profits but also carries a higher risk of larger losses. Investors with a higher risk appetite may be willing to take on the potential losses in exchange for the possibility of higher profits. On the other hand, investors with a lower risk appetite may prefer buying shares as it provides more stability and lower potential losses. Ultimately, the decision should be based on the investor's risk tolerance, investment goals, and understanding of the associated risks and rewards.
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