(a) Van der Waal's forces. Van der Waal's forces are weak electrostatic interactions between non-polar molecules.
These weak forces arise from the fluctuating dipoles within the molecules, which cause temporary charges to develop and attract each other. This attraction leads to the formation of weak intermolecular bonds, which are mainly responsible for the attraction between non-polar molecules. These forces are weak in comparison to other intermolecular forces, such as hydrogen bonding and ionic bonds, but are still important for the stability of non-polar molecules and their ability to dissolve in other non-polar solvents.Van der Waals forces are attractive intermolecular forces between molecules caused by the fluctuating dipole moments of molecules.
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complete question:The attraction that non-polar molecules have for each other is primarily caused by —
(a) Van der Waal's forces (b) Difference in electronegativities
(c) Hydrogen bonding (d) High ionisation energy
Aqueous hydrochloric acid (HCI) will react with solid sodium hydroxide (NaOH) to produce aqueous sodium chloride (NaCI) and liquid water (H2O).
Suppose 30.g of hydrochloric acid is mixed with 14.3g of sodium hydroxide. Calculate the maximum mass of sodium chloride that could be produced by the chemical reaction.
Answer:
Explanation:
The balanced chemical equation for the reaction between hydrochloric acid (HCl) and sodium hydroxide (NaOH) is:
HCl(aq) + NaOH(s) → NaCl(aq) + H2O(l)
From the balanced equation, we can see that one mole of hydrochloric acid reacts with one mole of sodium hydroxide to produce one mole of sodium chloride and one mole of water.
First, we need to determine which reactant is limiting, i.e., which reactant is completely consumed in the reaction. To do this, we need to compare the number of moles of each reactant, using their respective molar masses:
Molar mass of HCl = 1.008 g/mol (atomic weight of hydrogen) + 35.45 g/mol (atomic weight of chlorine) = 36.46 g/mol
Molar mass of NaOH = 22.99 g/mol (atomic weight of sodium) + 16.00 g/mol (atomic weight of oxygen) + 1.008 g/mol (atomic weight of hydrogen) = 39.99 g/mol
Number of moles of HCl = mass / molar mass = 30.0 g / 36.46 g/mol ≈ 0.823 mol
Number of moles of NaOH = mass / molar mass = 14.3 g / 39.99 g/mol ≈ 0.358 mol
Since the stoichiometric ratio between HCl and NaOH is 1:1, NaOH is the limiting reactant because it has fewer moles than HCl.
Therefore, we can calculate the maximum mass of NaCl that can be produced by the reaction using the number of moles of NaOH:
Number of moles of NaCl produced = number of moles of NaOH used in the reaction = 0.358 mol
Mass of NaCl produced = number of moles of NaCl produced x molar mass of NaCl
Molar mass of NaCl = 22.99 g/mol (atomic weight of sodium) + 35.45 g/mol (atomic weight of chlorine) = 58.44 g/mol
Mass of NaCl produced = 0.358 mol x 58.44 g/mol = 20.9 g
Therefore, the maximum mass of NaCl that can be produced by the reaction is approximately 20.9 g
State two conditions for the reaction in C2H4 +H2O = CH3CH2OH
The reaction between C2H4 (ethylene) and H2O (water) to form CH3CH2OH (ethanol) is a type of hydration reaction. For this reaction to occur, two conditions need to be met:
The presence of a suitable catalyst: The reaction is catalyzed by an acid catalyst, such as phosphoric acid (H3PO4). The acid catalyst helps to break the double bond in C2H4 and promotes the addition of water to form ethanol.
Appropriate reaction conditions:The reaction requires high pressure and temperature to proceed. The typical reaction conditions involve a temperature range of 300-400 °C and a pressure range of 60-70 atm. These conditions are necessary to overcome the high activation energy of the reaction and promote the formation of the desired product, ethanol.
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Lab: Measuring pH Assignment: Lab Report
A sample lab report that measures pH levels is given below:
The Laboratory ReportIntroduction:
In this experiment, we measured the pH levels of various substances using a pH meter. The pH meter measures the acidity or basicity of a substance on a scale of 0 to 14, with 0 being extremely acidic, 7 being neutral, and 14 being extremely basic.
Materials:
pH meter
Distilled water
Hydrochloric acid (HCl)
Sodium hydroxide (NaOH)
Vinegar
Lemon juice
Baking soda
Tap water
Procedure:
Calibrated the pH meter according to the manufacturer's instructions using distilled water.
Prepared five test solutions in beakers:
50 mL of 0.1 M HCl
50 mL of 0.1 M NaOH
50 mL of vinegar
50 mL of lemon juice
50 mL of baking soda
Rinsed the pH meter probe with distilled water and then dipped it into each test solution, making sure that the probe did not touch the bottom or sides of the beaker.
Recorded the pH measurement for each solution and compared it to the expected pH range based on the known properties of the substances.
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Answer:
I have attached my interpretation of the pH measuring lab. All I ask is that you at least change some of the answers, please
Explanation:
what does the bohr rutherford diagram of water mixing with lithium look like?
Simple atomic models called Bohr-Rutherford diagrams display how many electrons are present in each of an atom's outermost shells.
Does lithium fall within the Bohr model?The Bohr theory only applies to organisms with a single electron. Three electrons make up the lithium atom. Hence, the lithium atom does not fit into Bohr's hypothesis.
How does lithium appear?Lithium is an air-reactive alkali metal that tarnishes quickly to a dull silvery-grey and finally black. It is a silvery-white to grey alkali metal with a metal-lic lustre when new. At 20 °C, it is the least dense and lightest metal of all the elements that are not gases, and it floats on water.
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What volume of Chlorine gas at 45.0 C and 1.84 atm is needed to react completely with 14.1 g of sodium to form NaC1?
I hope the answer you are looking for is 5.51L
sorry if I'm wrong
If two forces are going in the same direction, find the net force by (A. multiply), (B. subtract), (C. add), (D. divide) the forces.
If two forces are acting in the same direction, their sum provides the net force.
When two forces are moving in the same direction, what should you do?Two forces combine when they move in the same direction. When two forces engage in opposition to one another, the lesser force is subtracted from the larger force to form the combined force. The direction of the larger original force is the direction of the generated force (resultant).
What is the combined net force of two equal-sized forces moving in opposition?Two equal but opposing forces acting on an item will cancel each other out, leaving a net force of zero and no movement. the two forces added together.
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After bubbling some sulfur dioxide into potassium permanganate solution (containing KOH), manganese dioxide (1.74 g) was formed. Calculate mass of KOH spent for the reaction.
The reaction between sulfur dioxide and potassium permanganate in the presence of KOH produces manganese dioxide. Using stoichiometry and the given mass of manganese dioxide (1.74 g), the mass of KOH can be calculated to be 3.16 g.
What are some of the practical applications of potassium permanganate?Potassium permanganate is widely used as a disinfectant and oxidizing agent in various industries. It is also used in water treatment, as a laboratory reagent, and in the manufacture of chemical compounds.
What is the mechanism of the reaction between sulfur dioxide and potassium permanganate in the presence of KOH?In the presence of KOH, sulfur dioxide reduces permanganate ions to manganese dioxide. This reaction proceeds through a series of intermediate steps involving the formation of manganese(IV) oxide and manganese(III) oxide.
This reaction's precise mechanism is intricate and requires numerous phases.
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What is the mass percent of water in Zn(NO₃)₂ ･ 6 H₂O? Provide an answer to one decimal place.
a buffer is made by adding 0.300 mol ch3cooh (acetic acid) and 0.300 mol ch3coona (sodium acetate) to enough water to make 1.00 l of solution. calculate the ph after 0.020 mol of naoh is added to this buffer. (you may again ignore change in volume as a result of the addition.) reference data: pka of acetic acid is 4.74 g
The pH of the buffer after the addition of 0.020 mol of NaOH is 4.83.
Henderson-Hasselbalch equation: pH = pKa + log([A^-]/[HA]),
[CH3COOH] = 0.300 mol/1.00 L = 0.300 M
[CH3COO^-] = 0.300 mol/1.00 L = 0.300 M
CH3COOH + NaOH → CH3COO^- + H2O
[CH3COOH] = (0.300 mol - 0.020 mol)/1.00 L = 0.280 M
CH3COO^-] = (0.300 mol + 0.020 mol)/1.00 L = 0.320 M
pH = pKa + log([CH3COO^-]/[CH3COOH])
pH = 4.74 + log(0.320/0.280)
pH = 4.83
The pH of a solution can be measured using a pH meter or pH paper, which changes color based on the pH of the solution. It is a dimensionless quantity that indicates the concentration of hydrogen ions (H+) in a solution. pH stands for "power of hydrogen" and is defined as the negative logarithm of the hydrogen ion concentration. A pH of 7 is considered neutral, pH values below 7 indicate acidity, and pH values above 7 indicate alkalinity.
pH is an important parameter in many chemical and biological processes, as it can affect the behavior and properties of molecules and ions in solution. Maintaining the correct pH in biological systems is critical for many physiological processes, and pH control is important in many industrial processes as well.
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An ideal gas (at STP) has a volume of 5 L, how many moles of the gas are present?
Answer:
At STP (standard temperature and pressure), the conditions are:
Temperature (T) = 273.15 K
Pressure (P) = 1 atm = 101.3 kPa
Volume (V) = 22.4 L (for one mole of gas)
So, for a gas at STP with a volume of 5 L, we can use the following formula to calculate the number of moles present:
n = V / Vm
where:
n = number of moles
V = volume of gas (in liters)
Vm = molar volume of gas at STP (22.4 L/mol)
Plugging in the values, we get:
n = 5 L / 22.4 L/mol
n = 0.2232 mol (rounded to four significant figures)
Therefore, there are approximately 0.2232 moles of the gas present.
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Use the example to answer the question. In South Carolina, there is an area of shoreline called Grand Strand. Its central part is not protected by barrier islands.
Which of the following could you infer about the impact of water movement on this area? (1 point) Responses
Water movement has caused longshore currents to erode the sediment from one end of this shoreline.
Water movement has caused longshore currents to erode the sediment from one end of this shoreline.
Water movement has caused a build up of various inlets to form a combination of tides and currents.
Water movement has caused a build up of various inlets to form a combination of tides and currents.
Water movement has caused this land to erode because there is no protection from strong waves.
Water movement has caused this land to erode because there is no protection from strong waves. Water movement has caused strong waves to build the shoreline up through the process of deposition.
Water movement has caused this land to erode because there is no protection from strong waves.
Grand Strand's central part is not protected by barrier island, meaning it is more exposed to the water movement, which can cause strong waves to erode the land. This erosive action leads to the shoreline being worn away, or having sediment removed from it.The movement of water is an important natural process that is necessary for the health and stability of our environment. It is responsible for the circulation of water between the atmosphere, land, and ocean, and for the transport of energy, nutrients, and organic matter.
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complete question:Use the example to answer the question. In South Carolina, there is an area of shoreline called Grand Strand. Its central part is not protected by barrier islands.
Which of the following could you infer about the impact of water movement on this area? (1 point) Responses
a.Water movement has caused longshore currents to erode the sediment from one end of this shoreline.
b.Water movement has caused a build up of various inlets to form a combination of tides and currents.
c.Water movement has caused this land to erode because there is no protection from strong waves.
d.Water movement has caused strong waves to build the shoreline up through the process of deposition.
Na2CO3(s)+2HNO3(aq) complete and balance the reaction.
Answer: Na2CO3 + 2 HNO3 → 2 NaNO3 + H2O + CO2
Explanation:
Suppose that you have a piece of aluminum foil and have
rolled it into a ball. You take another piece of foil the same size and make it into a flat, open box. Then you put both of these
objects in a tub of water. What do you think would happen?
The ball will sink because its weight is greater than the amount of water it displaces. Since their weight is less than the amount of water they displace, objects made of aluminium foil like a boat, paper and cups will float on water.
Why can metal foil that has been rolled into a ball float in water whereas solid aluminium sinks?Whether an item will float or sink in another material depends on its density. If an object's density is lower than the liquid it is placed in, it will float. If an object is heavier than the liquid it is immersed in, it will sink.
While individuals may create their goods or aluminium foils with the aluminium, beating the metal to form aluminium foil is a physical change.
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Help with homework for work sheet
The theoretical yield of ammonia is 40.8 grams. Rounded to the tenths place, the answer is 40.8 g.
What is the theoretical yield?To determine the theoretical yield of ammonia (NH3), we first need to balance the chemical equation:
N2 + 3H2 → 2NH3
Now we can use the balanced equation to calculate the theoretical yield of NH3. Since we know that 29 L of N2 reacts with 14 g of H2, we need to determine which reactant is limiting and calculate the amount of NH3 that can be formed from that limiting reactant.
First, let's convert the volume of N2 to moles using the ideal gas law:
PV = nRT
n = PV/RT = (1 atm)(29 L)/(0.0821 L·atm/mol·K)(298 K) = 1.2 mol N2
Next, let's convert the mass of H2 to moles:
m = n·M
n = m/M = 14 g / 2.0 g/mol = 7.0 mol H2
Now we can compare the mole ratios of N2 and H2 in the balanced equation to determine which reactant is limiting:
N2:H2 = 1:3
1.2 mol N2 × (3 mol H2/1 mol N2) = 3.6 mol H2
Since we only have 7.0 mol of H2, H2 is not limiting and N2 is limiting. Therefore, we will use the mole ratio between N2 and NH3 to calculate the theoretical yield of NH3:
N2:NH3 = 1:2
1.2 mol N2 × (2 mol NH3/1 mol N2) = 2.4 mol NH3
Finally, we can convert moles of NH3 to grams using the molar mass of NH3:
m = n·M
m = 2.4 mol · 17.0 g/mol = 40.8 g NH3
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PLEASE ANSWER NOWW URGENTTT
S + 6 HNO3 --> H2SO4 + 6 NO2 + 2 H2O
In the above equation how many moles of water can be made when 102.3 grams of HNO3 are consumed?
Round your answer to the nearest tenth. If you answer is a whole number like 4, report the answer as 4.0
Use the following molar masses. If you do not use these masses, the computer will mark your answer incorrect.:
Element
Molar Mass
Hydrogen
1
Nitrogen
14
Sulfur
32
Oxygen
16
7. How many grams of potassium dichromate would have 7.44 x 10^25 atoms of oxygen?
Answer:
simplified-74400000000000000000000000x
Explanation:
draw a picture at the molecular level showing the london dispersion force between two helium atoms. use the text box to explain what is causing the attraction between the atoms.
London dispersion forces arise due to the motion of electrons and the resulting temporary asymmetry in the electron cloud, leading to the attraction between atoms or molecules.
London dispersion forces are the weakest intermolecular forces that exist between all atoms and molecules. They arise due to the temporary asymmetry of the electron cloud surrounding an atom or molecule. The resulting temporary dipole moment induces an opposite dipole in a neighboring atom or molecule, which leads to the attraction between them.
In the case of two helium atoms, the electron clouds of both atoms are symmetrical in the absence of any external influence. However, due to the constant motion of electrons, there may be a temporary imbalance in the electron distribution of one helium atom, resulting in a temporary dipole moment. This dipole moment can induce a dipole moment in the neighboring helium atom, leading to the attraction between them.
At the molecular level, this attraction is depicted by a temporary shift of electrons towards one helium atom, creating a partial negative charge, and a corresponding shift away from the other helium atom, creating a partial positive charge. The partially negative helium atom is attracted to the partially positive helium atom of the neighboring molecule, resulting in the formation of a weak London dispersion force between the two helium atoms.
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A chemist is using a solution of HNO3 that has a pH of 3.75.
What is [OH-] for the solution? Round to the
nearest hundredth.
What is the pOH of the solution? Round to the
nearest hundredth.
The level of acidity or alkalinity of aqueous solutions can be conveniently expressed using the pH scale, also known as the pOH scale.
How does pH formula work?"The negative of the logarithm of the molar hydronium-ion concentration" is how pH is defined. The pH formula is written as. P H equals l o g [H 3 0 +] You can alternatively write the pH Formula as. l o g [H +] = p H
The pH of a solution is equal to the solution's hydrogen ion concentration divided by its negative logarithm to base 10:
pH = -log₁₀[H⁺]
pOH = -log₁₀[OH⁻]
For any aqueous solution, the sum of the pH and pOH is 14. That is;
pH + pOH = 14
Now solving for [OH⁻]:
HNO₃ + H₂O → H₃O⁺ + NO₃⁻
Since pH + pOH = 14
pOH = 14 - pH = 14 -3.75 = 10.25
since pOH = -log₁₀[OH⁻]
10.25 = -log₁₀(OH⁻)
[OH⁻] = inverse log₁₀(-pOH)
[OH⁻] = inverse log₁₀(-10.25) = 5.62 x 10⁻¹¹moldm⁻³
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Answer:
[OH− ] = 5.62
n = -11
pOH = 10.25
Explanation:
I did it not too long ago
The cubic unit cell of rhenium oxide (ReO3) has Re atoms at all eight
corners and O atoms on each of the 12 edges. The atoms touch along the edges. The radii are 137 pm for rhenium and 73 pm for oxygen.
a) Calculate the volume (in cm3) of a unit cell in this crystal.
How many grams of H₂0 will be produced if 195.9 grams of Fe
are produced?
O a. 16
O b. 84
O c. 180
O d. 810
Fe3O4 + H₂ → Fe + H₂O
The mass of the water that is going to be produced from the balanced reaction equation is 84 g.
What is the stoichiometry?Stoichiometry is the branch of chemistry that deals with the quantitative relationship between the reactants and products in a chemical reaction. It involves the calculation of the amounts of reactants needed to produce a certain amount of product, or the amount of product produced from a given amount of reactants.
Number of moles of Fe = 195.9 g/56 g/mol
= 3.5 moles
If 3 moles of Fe is produced when 4 moles of water is produced
3.5 moles of Fe is produced when 3.5 * 4/3
= 4.7 moles
Now we have that the mas of water is;
4.7 moles * 18 g/mol
= 84 g
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Complete the word equation:
zinc + hydrochloric acid = __________+hydrogen
copper carbonate + sulfuric acid =_______________+carbon dioxide + water
__________+nitric acid = zinc nitrate+________+water
Answer:
zinc + hydrochloric acid = zinc chloride + hydrogen
copper carbonate + sulfuric acid = copper sulfate + carbon dioxide + water
copper + nitric acid = copper nitrate + nitrogen dioxide + water
Explanation:
Zinc + Hydrochloric acid → Zinc chloride + Hydrogen gasZn + 2HCl → ZnCl2 + H2
Copper carbonate + Sulfuric acid → Copper sulfate + Carbon dioxide + WaterCuCO3 + H2SO4 → CuSO4 + CO2 + H2O
Copper + Nitric acid → Copper nitrate + Nitrogen dioxide + WaterCu + 4HNO3 → Cu(NO3)2 + 2NO2 + 2H2O
Answer:
zinc + hydrochloric acid = zinc chloride + hydrogen
copper carbonate + sulfuric acid = copper sulfate + carbon dioxide + water
zinc + nitric acid = zinc nitrate + hydrogen gas + water
Suppose of lead(II) acetate is dissolved in of a aqueous solution of ammonium sulfate.
Calculate the final molarity of acetate anion in the solution. You can assume the volume of the solution doesn't change when the lead(II) acetate is dissolved in it.
The final molarity of the acetate anion in the solution is 0.06148 M.
StepsThe balanced chemical equation for the reaction between lead(II) acetate and ammonium sulfate is:
[tex]Pb(CH_3COO)_2 + (NH_4)_2SO_4 -- > PbSO_4 + 2NH_4CH_3COO[/tex]
So, if we dissolve 1 mole of Pb(CH₃COO)₂, it will produce 2 moles of acetate anion.
Moles of Pb(CH₃COO)₂ = (mass of Pb(CH₃COO)₂) / (molar mass of Pb(CH₃COO)₂)
Assuming the mass of Pb(CH₃COO)₂ is given, let's say it is 5 g, then:
Moles of Pb(CH₃COO)₂ = (5 g) / (Pb(CH₃COO)₂ molar mass)
The molar mass of Pb(CH₃COO)₂ is:
207.2 g/mol (molar mass of Pb) + 2(16.00 g/mol) + 2(12.01 g/mol) = 325.27 g/mol
Substituting the values, we get:
Moles of Pb(CH₃COO)₂ = (5 g) / (325.27 g/mol) = 0.01537 mol
Since 1 mole of Pb(CH3COO)₂ produces 2 moles of acetate anion, the total number of moles of acetate anion in the solution is:
Moles of acetate anion = 2 x 0.01537 mol = 0.03074 mol
We can calculate the final molarity of the acetate anion in the solution:
Molarity of acetate anion = Moles of acetate anion / Volume of solution
Molarity of acetate anion = 0.03074 mol / 0.5 L = 0.06148 M
The final molarity of the acetate anion in the solution is 0.06148 M.
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Exchange of waste material, oxygen, carbon dioxide, and
metabolites such as salts and food molecules takes place in the
a. capillaries.
b. venules.
c. arterioles.
d. arteries.
The right answer is capillaries that metabolites like salts and food molecules are exchanged in capillaries together with waste products, oxygen, and carbon dioxide.
Where does the exchange of food and garbage take place?In the capillaries, waste, nutrients, and gases are delivered from the blood to the tissue. Little blood arteries called capillaries create networks surrounding body cells by branching off from arterioles.
Which occurs first, gas exchange in arteries or veins?It is supplied to the blood during gas exchange from the lungs. Both the lungs and blood exchange carbon dioxide at the same time. The capillaries, a network of tiny blood veins found in the walls of the alveoli, are where this occurs in the lungs in between the individual alveoli.
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Look up some everyday objects and the amounts of energy they use or release.
How does this compare to the reaction found via Hess' Law.
Several everyday items, such as incandescent light bulbs (60 joules/s) and gasoline (130 million joules/gallon), use or release energy in varying amounts. Chemical reactions are predicted to change in energy by Hess' Law.
What practical applications of Hess's law exist?The Hess law is most commonly used in business to measure how much energy an engine produces and consumes, as well as in our bodies' responses to food consumption.
What are a few illustrations of Hess law?For instance, carbon and extra oxygen can react to generate carbon dioxide. Directly or indirectly, when carbon and oxygen combine, carbon dioxide is produced, either first as carbon monoxide and later as carbon dioxide.
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what volume of 0.300M would contain 1.5g
(H=1, S=32, O=16
To calculate the volume of 0.300M solution that contains 1.5g of the solute, we need to use the following formula:
moles of solute = mass of solute / molar mass of solute
moles of solute = (1.5g) / (1 x H + 1 x S + 3 x O) g/mol
moles of solute = (1.5g) / (1 + 32 + 3x16) g/mol
moles of solute = (1.5g) / 98 g/mol
moles of solute = 0.015306 moles
Now, we can use the following formula to calculate the volume of the solution:
moles of solute = molarity x volume (in liters)
0.015306 moles = 0.300 M x volume (in liters)
volume (in liters) = 0.015306 moles / 0.300 M
volume (in liters) = 0.05102 L
Finally, we can convert the volume from liters to milliliters (mL):
volume (in mL) = 0.05102 L x 1000 mL/L
volume (in mL) = 51.02 mL
Therefore, 51.02 mL of 0.300M solution would contain 1.5g of solute.
Determine the mass in grams of 3.07 moles of glucose (C6H12O6)
Mass in grams of 3.07 moles of glucose is 553.3 g (rounded to three significant figures).
What is Mass?
Mass is a fundamental physical property of matter that quantifies the amount of matter in an object. It is a measure of the resistance of an object to acceleration when a force is applied to it. In other words, mass is the amount of substance in an object, and it determines how much gravity will affect that object.
To determine the mass in grams of 3.07 moles of glucose (C6H12O6), we need to first calculate the molar mass of glucose, which is the sum of the atomic masses of all the atoms in its chemical formula:
Molar mass of C6H12O6 = 6(12.01 g/mol) + 12(1.01 g/mol) + 6(16.00 g/mol) = 180.18 g/mol
Next, we can use the following conversion factor to convert moles to grams:
mass (g) = number of moles x molar mass (g/mol)
mass = 3.07 mol x 180.18 g/mol = 553.3 g
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What is the percent of C in Ca(C2H3O2)2? (Ca= 40.08 g/mol, C = 12.01 g/mol, H= 1.01 g/mol, O = 16.00 g/mol) [?]% C Round your answer to the hundredths place. [?] % C
The percent of C in Ca(C2H3O2)2 is 27.28%.
What is the formula mass of Ca(C2H3O2)2?The formula mass of Ca(C2H3O2)2 is 158.17 g/mol.
What is the percent of H and O in Ca(C2H3O2)2?The percent of H in Ca(C2H3O2)2 is 2.54% and the percent of O is 54.50%.
To find the percent of C in Ca(C2H3O2)2, we first need to calculate the molar mass of the compound:
Molar mass of Ca(C2H3O2)2 = (1 × 40.08) + (2 × (2 × 12.01 + 3 × 1.01 + 2 × 16.00)) = 2 × 158.17 = 316.34 g/mol
Now we can calculate the percent of C:
Mass of C in Ca(C2H3O2)2 = 2 × (2 × 12.01) = 48.04 g/mol
Percent of C in Ca(C2H3O2)2 = (48.04 g/mol ÷ 316.34 g/mol) × 100% = 15.19%
Therefore, the percent of C in Ca(C2H3O2)2 is 15.19%, rounded to the hundredths place.
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Based on the above calculation, is the formation of MgO exothermic (negative) or endothermic (positive)?
The amount of energy for the reaction using Hess's Law is -459.82 kJ/mol.
Based on the calculation, the formation is exothermic.
How to calculate amount of energy?To use Hess' Law, we need to rearrange and multiply the given chemical equations to get the desired equation:
2 Mg + 2 HCl → 2 MgCl₂ + H₂ (multiply Equation 1 by 2)
2 MgO + 4 HCl → 2 MgCl2 + 2 H₂O (multiply Equation 2 by 2)
2 H₂ + O₂ → 2 H₂O (multiply Equation 3 by 2)
2 Mg + O₂ + 4 HCl → 2 MgCl₂ + 2 H₂O (add the above equations)
The enthalpy change of the desired equation can be calculated as follows:
AH = [AH₁ × 2] + [AH₂ × 2] + [AH₃ × (-2)]
AH = [(Answer to #5 -1) × 2] + [(-125 kJ/mol) × 2] + [(-285.82 kJ/mol) × (-2)]
AH = [-457.82 - 2] kJ/mol
AH = -459.82 kJ/mol
Since the value of AH is negative, the formation of MgO is exothermic. This means that energy is released during the formation of MgO.
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CAN SOMEONE HELP WITH THIS QUESTION?
The minimum mass of hydrochloric acid that could be left over by the chemical reaction is 18.23 g.
What is moles?Moles in chemistry is a unit of measurement for the amount of a substance. It is equal to the number of atoms or molecules in a given mass of a substance, and is represented by the symbol ‘mol’. The molar mass of a substance is the mass of one mole of that substance, expressed in grams. It is important for calculating the amount of energy or reactants needed for a reaction. Moles can also be used to measure the concentration of a solution.
The minimum mass of hydrochloric acid that could be left over by this chemical reaction can be calculated using the following equation:
Moles of HCl = Mass HCl / Molar Mass HCl
Moles of NaOH = Mass NaOH / Molar Mass NaOH
Moles of HCl must equal moles of NaOH in the reaction, so:
Moles HCl = Moles NaOH
Mass HCl / Molar Mass HCl = Mass NaOH / Molar Mass NaOH
Rearranging for mass HCl:
Mass HCl = Molar Mass HCl x Mass NaOH / Molar Mass NaOH
Given:
Mass HCl = 28.8 g
Molar Mass HCl = 36.46 g/mol
Mass NaOH = 20.0 g
Molar Mass NaOH = 40.0 g/mol
Substituting values:
Mass HCl = 36.46 g/mol x 20.0 g / 40.0 g/mol
Mass HCl = 18.23 g
Therefore, the minimum mass of hydrochloric acid that could be left over by the chemical reaction is 18.23 g.
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A student dissolves 0.03450 mol of solid salt in 49.83 g of distilled water and observes the temperature of the water rise from 25.2˚C to a final temperature of 31.4˚C. If the calorimeter constant is 37.4 J/˚C, what is the calculated enthalpy of the reaction of the salt in units of kJ/mol? Explain how you would go about solving the problem and show all work for each step in your solution.
The calculated enthalpy of the reaction of the salt is 44.064 kJ/mol.
To solve this problem, we can use the formula:
q = m x c x ∆T
where q is the heat absorbed or released, m is the mass of the solution, c is the specific heat capacity of water (4.184 J/g ˚C), and ∆T is the change in temperature. We can then use the heat absorbed to calculate the enthalpy change of the reaction using the formula:
∆H = q / n
where n is the number of moles of the salt.
First, let's calculate the mass of the water:
m = 49.83 g
Next, let's calculate the change in temperature:
∆T = 31.4˚C - 25.2˚C = 6.2˚C
Now, let's calculate the heat absorbed by the water:
q = m x c x ∆T
q = 49.83 g x 4.184 J/g ˚C x 6.2˚C
q = 1304.4 J
Since the calorimeter constant is given as 37.4 J/˚C, we need to adjust for the heat absorbed by the calorimeter:
q' = q + (calorimeter constant x ∆T)
q' = 1304.4 J + (37.4 J/˚C x 6.2˚C)
q' = 1519.88 J
Next, let's calculate the number of moles of the salt:
n = 0.03450 mol
Finally, let's calculate the enthalpy change of the reaction:
∆H = q' / n
∆H = 1519.88 J / 0.03450 mol
∆H = 44,064 J/mol
To convert the answer to kJ/mol, we divide by 1000:
∆H = 44.064 kJ/mol
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