the main limitation on the efficiency of heat engines is due to group of answer choices the second law of thermodynamics. the first law of thermodynamics. environmental radical people. reaction forces due to newton's third law. friction in the moving parts.

Galaxy evolution is a very active area of research, and there are several current and future observatories that investigate galaxy evolution, such as the James Webb Space Telescope (JWST).

These telescopes are quite large, with the JWST being the largest telescope ever built. It has a primary mirror that is 6.5 meters in diameter and is composed of 18 hexagonal mirror segments. The JWST will observe the universe at infrared wavelengths, between 0.6 and 28 micrometers.

The JWST is set to launch in 2021, and it will be the most advanced space telescope ever built. Its large size and infrared capabilities make it ideally suited for studying galaxy evolution. By observing galaxies in the infrared, the JWST will be able to see through the dust that often obscures the visible light emitted by galaxies.

The James Webb Space Telescope is a large telescope that will observe the universe at infrared wavelengths, and it is ideally suited for studying galaxy evolution. Its large size and infrared capabilities will allow astronomers to study the early stages of galaxy formation and evolution, which is a key area of research in astronomy.

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Jovian planets are a group of answer choices that are larger and less dense compared to Terrestrial planets. The term "jovian" was coined after the planet Jupiter, which is the largest planet in the Solar System.

These planets are made up mostly of hydrogen, helium, and other gases, and have a gaseous, liquid, or icy outer layer that surrounds a dense, rocky core.The four jovian planets in the Solar System are Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, and Neptune.

They are also known as gas giants or outer planets. Compared to terrestrial planets, they are larger and have a lower density due to their composition of gases and lack of a solid surface.

They also have a greater mass and gravity, which allows them to retain large atmospheres and maintain many moons and rings.Jovian planets are also characterized by their longer orbital periods, slower rotations, and lower temperatures.

They are located farther from the Sun than terrestrial planets and have a lower surface temperature due to their distance from the Sun and their composition. They are important to study because they can provide insights into the formation and evolution of our Solar System and other planetary systems.

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The specific gravity of ice is 0.917, whereas that of seawater is 1.025. Approximately 89.51% of an iceberg is above the surface of the water.

To find out what percent of an iceberg is above the surface of the water, we need to use Archimedes' principle, which states that the buoyant force on an object submerged in a fluid is equal to the weight of the fluid displaced by the object.

This means that an iceberg will float in water because it displaces an amount of water that weighs more than the iceberg itself.

The percentage of an iceberg above the surface of the water can be found using the following equation:

Percent above water = (Volume of iceberg above water / Total volume of iceberg) x 100

To find the volume of an iceberg above the water, we can use the following equation:

Volume of iceberg above water = Volume of iceberg x (Density of ice / Density of seawater)

So,Percent above water = [(Volume of iceberg x (Density of ice / Density of seawater)) / Total volume of iceberg] x 100

Percent above water = [(1 x (0.917 / 1.025)) / 1] x 100

Percent above water = 89.51%

Therefore, approximately 89.51% of an iceberg is above the surface of the water.

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Answer: Jenny can use many apps and Software to change her graduation photo into black and white with many tools the best tool is desaturation.

Explanation:

so theres your answer

The technique that allows one to quickly advance the read-out of the observed optical rotation is known as Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy.

It is a technique that uses infrared light to observe the absorption, emission, and reflection of light in a sample. In FTIR spectroscopy, a beam of infrared light is passed through a sample, and the amount of light absorbed or reflected is measured. This information is then Fourier transformed to obtain a spectrum that is characteristic of the sample. The FTIR spectrum can be used to identify the molecular structure of the sample.

It is an essential technique in the fields of chemistry, biology, and materials science. It has applications in the analysis of polymers, proteins, and other biomolecules. FTIR spectroscopy is also used in the characterization of pharmaceuticals, cosmetics, and food products. It is a valuable tool for understanding the molecular structure of materials and for developing new materials with specific properties.

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The natural frequency of a second-order system is a critical parameter that determines the system's oscillatory behavior. In the complex plane, the roots of the characteristic equation are represented as complex conjugate pairs (a ± jω_n), where 'a' is the real part and 'ω_n' is the imaginary part.

The natural frequency, denoted by 'ω_n,' is the distance from the origin to either root on the imaginary axis. In a second-order system, the natural frequency is a key parameter that characterizes the system's oscillatory response. It determines how fast the system oscillates and its ability to maintain its energy during oscillation.

Higher natural frequencies typically result in faster oscillations and a higher energy conservation rate. When analyzing a second-order system, it is essential to understand the relationship between the natural frequency, damping ratio, and system response.

The damping ratio, denoted by 'ζ,' is another critical parameter that influences the system's behavior. If the damping ratio is less than 1, the system exhibits underdamped oscillations, and the imaginary part of the roots determines the natural frequency. If the damping ratio is equal to 1, the system is critically damped, and if the damping ratio is greater than 1, the system is overdamped.

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We can 9 bulbs of 23 W is parallel across a potential difference of 75 v before the total current in the circuit exceeds 2.9 Ampere.

The current generated by single bulb will be calculated by the formula -

Current = power/potential difference

Keep the values

Current = 23/75

Current = 0.3 Amperes.

Now, the number of bulbs will be calculated as -

Number of bulbs = total current/current per bulb

Number of bulbs = 2.9/0.3

Performing division

Number of bulbs = 9.6

The number of bulbs can not be fraction, hence, required number is 9.

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Answer:

D

Explanation:

This is a Doppler effect question.  The answer is D because observer A hears a lower pitch than observer B, who hears a higher pitch.  Look at how much closer together the sound waves are on the right vs. the left.  The closer together the waves, the higher the frequency and the higher the pitch.

An optical system's focal length, which is the inverse of a system's optical power, indicates how strongly a system converges and diverges light. A system with a good focal length is said to converge light.

The focal length of the a mirror (or lenses) is the separation between its pole and focal point. It can also be measured as the distance between its optical centre and pole. A point where a parallel light ray is "focused" after reflection inside the mirror is known as the central focus (F) of a mirror.

In photography, focal length—which is a completely different characteristic of a lens—is mentioned much more frequently than focal distance. While not entirely dependent on it, focal length and focal distance are connected. This is what? The focal distance measures how far the object you are focused is from the camera sensor.

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Answer: 5.25cm,virtual

Explanation:

Now that s=u*t+at2 is being used, s =0*+302 equals 300 m. For instance, if the plane was travelling at 300 m/s2, its final velocity before it took off was 30 m/s2.

If there isn't a net force exerted on the item that would cause it to accelerate, there is constant velocity. Drag and thrust are the two primary forces affecting the forward motion of an aeroplane.

The lift and push produced by an aeroplane while it is travelling level and straight at a steady velocity balance its weight and drag, respectively. Yet, as the aircraft climbs and descends, speeds up or slows down, and turns, the balance of forces varies.

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While closer to the sun, Venus may appear to be closer to Jupiter because of where it is around the sun and the position of the camera. Orbital period, Transit method, Radial velocity method, Direct imaging and Astrometry.

In order to determine the positions of planets in a distant star system, you could use the following clues:
1. Orbital period: By observing the time it takes for a planet to complete one orbit around its star, you can estimate its distance from the star. Planets closer to the star have shorter orbital periods than those farther away.
2. Transit method: When a planet passes in front of its star, it causes a slight dip in the star's brightness. By measuring this change in brightness, you can estimate the size of the planet and its distance from the star.
3. Radial velocity method: As a planet orbits its star, it causes the star to wobble slightly due to the planet's gravitational pull. This wobble can be detected as a shift in the star's spectrum, allowing you to determine the planet's mass and distance from the star.
4. Direct imaging: If the planets are far enough away from their star and have sufficient contrast, they may be directly imaged using high-resolution telescopes. This would provide information about their positions relative to the star.
5. Astrometry: By precisely measuring a star's position in the sky over time, you can detect the slight wobble caused by the presence of planets. This method can help determine the positions and masses of the planets in the system.

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When a wire is pulled through a die and stretched six times its initial length, the cross-sectional area reduces according to the length increase. According to Ohm's law,

this change in cross-sectional area influences the wire's resistance, which is directly proportional to its length and inversely proportional to its cross-sectional area. The wire's resistance grows by a factor of 36, which is equal to the square of the stretching factor (6 x 6 = 36). This is due to the wire's length increasing by a factor of six while its cross-sectional area decreasing by a factor of six times six. As a result, the resistance of the wire after stretching it to six times its original length will be  36 times its original resistance, assuming all other factors (such as the resistivity of the material) remain constant.

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The resistance R of each resistor is approximately 6.976 Ω.

To find the resistance R of each resistor in the circuit, first, we need to determine the total resistance in the circuit and the current flowing through it.

We can use the formula for power: P = V * I, where P is power, V is voltage, and I is current. Rearranging for I, we get:

I = P / V
I = 58 W / 45 V
I = 1.29 A

Now, we can use Ohm's Law, V = I * R, to find the total resistance in the circuit:

R_total = V / I
R_total = 45 V / 1.29 A
R_total = 34.88 Ω

Since there are five identical resistors in the circuit, we can find the resistance of each resistor by dividing the total resistance by 5:

R = R_total / 5
R = 34.88 Ω / 5
R = 6.976 Ω

Therefore, the resistance R of each resistor is approximately 6.976 Ω.

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Answer:

Explanation:

The spring constant k of the spring is 48.277 N/m.

Simple harmonic motion or SHM is the motion in which the motion is oscillatory which means that the motion is to and fro along a reference point ie, the mean position. The magnitude of the restoring force is proportional to the displacement of the body from mean position. To calculate the spring constant k, we use the formula of time period :- T=2π√(m/k). Putting the values as per the given data, we substitute T=0.55, m=0.37kg, the value of spring constant we get is k=48.277 N/m.

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The spring constant of the spring is 4.90 N/m.

To find the spring constant (k), we can use the formula for the period of simple harmonic motion: T = 2π√(m/k), where T is the period, m is the mass, and k is the spring constant. In this case, T = 0.55 s and m = 0.37 kg. Rearranging the formula to solve for k, we get k = (4π²m) / T².


1. Substitute the given values into the formula: k = (4π²(0.37 kg)) / (0.55 s)²

2. Calculate the square of the period: (0.55 s)² = 0.3025 s²

3. Multiply the mass by 4π²: 4π²(0.37 kg) = 5.8074 kg

4. Divide the result from step 3 by the result from step 2: 5.8074 kg / 0.3025 s² = 4.90 N/m

Hence, the spring constant of the spring is 4.90 N/m.

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The magnitude of the change in momentum of the rocket during this blast is 29250 N-s. A rocket ship at rest in space gives a short blast of its engine, firing 65 kg of exhaust gas out the back end with an average velocity of 450 m/s.

During a short blast of its engine, the rocket ship fires 65 kg of exhaust gas out of the back end at an average velocity of 450 m/s. The change in momentum of the rocket during the blast can be calculated using the law of conservation of momentum, which states that the total momentum of an isolated system remains constant if no external forces act upon it.

A rocket's initial momentum is zero since it is at rest. Therefore, the change in momentum of the rocket is equal to the momentum of the exhaust gas exiting the back end of the rocket.

The magnitude of the change in momentum of the rocket during this blast can be calculated as follows: Change in momentum of the rocket = Momentum of exhaust gas= (mass of exhaust gas) x (velocity of exhaust gas)= 65 kg x 450 m/s= 29250 N-s.

Therefore, the magnitude of the change in momentum of the rocket during this blast is 29250 N-s.

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We would need approximately 45,420 wire turns to produce a 13.5 mT magnetic field inside the toroidal solenoid at a distance of 10.5 cm from its center.

The magnetic field inside a toroidal solenoid is given by:

B = (μ0 * N * I) / (2 * π * r)

where B is the magnetic field, μ0 is the permeability of free space, N is the number of wire turns, I is the current, and r is the radial distance from the center of the toroid. In this case, we want to find N, so we can rearrange the equation to solve for it:

N = (2 * π * r * B) / (μ0 * I)

Plugging in the given values, we get:

N = (2 * π * 0.105 m * 13.5 T) / (4 * π * 10^-7 T·m/A * 20.3 A)

N ≈ 45,420 turns

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Wave packet: particle momentum. Group velocity and phase velocity. Phase velocity > c possible. Relativity allows apparent faster-than-light motion.

In wave-molecule duality, a molecule can be depicted by a wave parcel, which is a blend of many rushes of various frequencies and amplitudes that movement together in space. The gathering speed, which decides how the pinnacle of the wave parcel travels through space, is given by the subsidiary of the wave bundle's scattering connection as for energy. The stage speed, which decides how the period of the singular waves inside the bundle travels through space, is given by the proportion of the wave's recurrence to its wave number.

The stage speed can be more prominent than the speed of light, yet this doesn't abuse the laws of relativity since it doesn't convey data quicker than light. All things being equal, it mirrors the way that the wave parcel is comprised of various frequencies that movement at various paces.

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Answer:CFCs and halons cause chemical reactions that break down ozone molecules, reducing ozone's ultraviolet radiation-absorbing capacity

Explanation:

If a line drive is hit essentially horizontally at this speed and is caught by a 71.0 kg player who has leapt directly upward into the air, The momentum before and after the collision (catch) should be equal.

Step 1: Calculate the initial momentum of the baseball
Initial momentum of the baseball = mass_baseball × velocity_baseball
Step 2: Calculate the initial momentum of the player
The initial momentum of the player = 0 (since the player is leaping directly upward, his horizontal momentum is 0)
Step 3: Calculate the total initial momentum
Total initial momentum = initial momentum of the baseball + initial momentum of the player
Step 4: Calculate the final momentum
Since the player catches the baseball, their momenta combine.
Final momentum = (mass_baseball + mass_player) × final_velocity_player
Step 5: Apply the conservation of momentum principle
Total initial momentum = Final momentum
Step 6: Solve for the final_velocity_player
final_velocity_player = Total initial momentum / (mass_baseball + mass_player)
Step 7: Convert the final_velocity_player to cm/s (1 m/s = 100 cm/s)

By following these steps with the given data (mass_baseball, velocity_baseball, and mass_player), you can calculate the horizontal speed of the player in cm/s after catching the ball.

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The constant angular acceleration of the wheel is 43.9 rad/[tex]s^2[/tex].

We can use the formula for constant angular acceleration: ωf = ωi + αt

where:

ωi = initial angular velocity = 0 (as the wheel starts from rest)

ωf = final angular velocity = 95.0 rad/s

t = time interval = 6.00 s

α = constant angular acceleration (to be found)

We can also use the formula for the number of revolutions (N) in terms of angular displacement (θ): N = θ / (2π)

where θ is the total angular displacement. Since the wheel completes 25 revolutions, its total angular displacement is: θ = 25 * 2π = 50π

Using the formula for angular displacement with constant angular acceleration: θ = ωit + 0.5α*[tex]t^2[/tex]

Substituting the given values and simplifying:

50π = 0 + 0.5α(6.00)

α = 50π / (0.5*(6.00)^2) = 43.9 rad/[tex]s^2[/tex]

Therefore, the constant angular acceleration of the wheel is 43.9..

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The estimated thickness of the Earth's atmosphere, the altitude at which a nitrogen molecule would stop traveling straight up, is approximately 22.4 km.

The maximum altitude that a molecule can reach is determined by the balance between the molecule's kinetic energy, which is proportional to the square of its velocity, and the potential energy due to gravity, which is proportional to the distance from the center of the Earth.

Using the equation for potential energy :

[tex]mgh = 1/2mv^2\\h = v^2/2g\\h = (670 m/s)^2 / (2 * 9.81 m/s^2) = 22.4 km[/tex]

Therefore, the estimated thickness of the Earth's atmosphere, defined as the altitude at which a nitrogen molecule would stop traveling straight, is approximately 22.4 km.

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If a dung beetle can roll (without slipping) a ball of dung whose radius is 2.5 cm at a linear speed if 3.5 m/s, the angle through which the ball rolls as the ball moves a distance of 15 cm is approximately 343.8 degrees.

Assuming that the ball of dung rolls without slipping, the distance traveled by any point on the circumference of the ball is given by the circumference of the circle it traces. The circumference of the ball can be calculated as follows:

C = 2πr

C = 2π(2.5 cm)

C = 15.7 cm

The distance traveled by the ball is given as 15 cm. Therefore, the number of revolutions made by the ball can be calculated as follows:

Number of revolutions = Distance traveled by ball / Circumference of ball Number of revolutions

Number of revolutions = 15 cm / 15.7 cm

Number of revolutions = 0.955

Since the ball completes less than one full revolution, the angle through which it rolls can be calculated as follows:

Angle = Number of revolutions x 360 degrees

Angle = 0.955 x 360 degrees

Angle = 343.8 degrees (rounded to one decimal place)

Therefore, the ball of dung rolls through an angle of approximately 343.8 degrees as it moves a distance of 15 cm.

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The magnitude of the force a unit length of one wire on the other is 2.0 × 10⁻⁵ N/m.

The direction of the force can be found using the right-hand rule: if you point your right thumb in the direction of the current in one wire, and your fingers in the direction of the current in the other wire, the direction of the force is perpendicular to both, pointing towards the other wire.

Thus, the force a unit length is given by:

F =[tex]\mu_o * I_1 * I_2 * L / (2 * \pi * d)[/tex]

= (4π × 10⁻⁷ N/A²) * (2.0 A) * (5.0 A) * (1 m) / (2 * π * 0.05 m)

= 2.0 × 10⁻⁵ N/m

Newton's laws of motion, which indicate that unless acted upon by a net external force, an object will stay at rest or in uniform motion along a straight line, describe force. According to the second rule of motion, an object's acceleration is inversely proportional to its mass and directly proportional to the net force exerted on it. This law is expressed mathematically as F = ma, where F is the net force, m is the mass of the object, and a is its acceleration.

Forces can be contact forces, such as friction and tension, or non-contact forces, such as gravity and electromagnetic forces. Understanding forces is important in many fields, including physics, engineering, and mechanics, and is necessary for designing structures, machines, and vehicles that can withstand and utilize them.

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The RMS voltage required to supply an average power of 750 W to the coil is simply 1 volt.

To determine the root mean square (RMS) voltage of a source required to supply an average electrical power of 750 watts to a coil, we need to use the formula:

Average Power = RMS Voltage * RMS Current * Power Factor

Assuming that the power factor is 1 (i.e., the coil is purely resistive), the formula simplifies to:

Average Power = RMS Voltage * RMS Current

Since power is the product of voltage and current, we can write:

RMS Current = (Average Power / RMS Voltage)

Substituting the given values, we get:

RMS Current = (750 W / RMS Voltage)

To determine the RMS voltage required to supply the average power of 750 W, we need to solve for RMS voltage by rearranging the formula as follows:

RMS Voltage = (Average Power / RMS Current)

RMS Voltage = (750 W / RMS Current)

Substituting the expression for RMS current, we get:

RMS Voltage = [750 W / (750 W / RMS Voltage)]

RMS Voltage = RMS Voltage

Therefore, the RMS voltage required to supply an average power of 750 W to the coil is simply 1 volt.

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The study of heat energy that is involved in chemical and physical changes is thermodynamics.

The correct option is "Thermodynamics."

Thermodynamics is the study of heat energy involved in chemical and physical changes. It is a branch of physics that deals with the relationship between heat and other forms of energy, as well as the laws governing energy conversion.

In simple terms, thermodynamics is the study of how energy is transformed from one form to another. It also examines the relationship between heat, work, and temperature, as well as the nature of energy and entropy. Thermodynamics is widely utilized in fields such as chemistry, physics, and engineering, among others.

Therefore, "Thermodynamics" is the correct answer.

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The truck will require a larger impulse to bring it to a halt compared to the bicycle. Impulse is defined as the change in momentum of an object, which is the product of its mass and velocity.

Since both the truck and bicycle have the same velocity, their momentum will be proportional to their mass. The truck has a much larger mass compared to the bicycle, which means that it will require a greater impulse to bring it to a halt. This is because the larger mass of the truck means it has a greater inertia and will resist changes in its motion, such as slowing down or coming to a stop.

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The foci points are approximately 6.75 feet away from the end walls.

To find the distance from the end walls to the foci points in a whispering gallery, you need to use the properties of an ellipse.

For the given hall, the length (140 feet) represents the major axis, and the highest point of the ceiling (30 feet) represents the distance between the center of the ellipse and the top or bottom vertex.
First, find the semi-major axis (a) and the semi-minor axis (b). Since the length is the major axis, divide it by 2 to get the semi-major axis:
a = 140/2 = 70 feet
The highest point of the ceiling is the distance from the center of the ellipse to the top vertex, which is equal to the semi-minor axis:
b = 30 feet
Now, use the formula for the distance between the center of the ellipse and the foci points, which is given by the equation:
c = [tex]\sqrt{(a^2 - b^2)}[/tex]
Plug in the values of a and b:
c = [tex]\sqrt{(70^2 - 30^2)}[/tex]
c = [tex]\sqrt{(4900 - 900)}[/tex]
c = [tex]\sqrt{(4000)}[/tex]
c = 20√10 feet
So, the distance between the center of the ellipse and each focus point is 20√10 feet.

To find the distance from the end walls to the foci points, subtract this distance from the semi-major axis:
Distance from end walls to foci points = a - c
Distance = 70 - 20√10 ≈ 70 - 63.25 ≈ 6.75 feet
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The energy stored in the inductor is doubled when the current is doubled. The amount of energy stored in the inductor increases by a factor of 4. Here option A is the correct answer.

The amount of energy stored in an inductor is given by the formula: E = 0.5 × L × I^2, where L is the inductance and I is the current flowing through the inductor.

If the current through an inductor is doubled while the inductance remains constant, then the energy stored in the inductor will increase by a factor of 4. This can be seen by substituting 2I for I in the formula:

E' = 0.5 × L × (2I)^2

= 0.5 × L × 4I^2

= 2 × (0.5 × L × I^2)

= 2E

When the current through an inductor is doubled while the inductance remains constant, the amount of energy stored in the inductor increases by a factor of 4. This is because the energy stored in an inductor is directly proportional to the square of the current flowing through it, as expressed by the formula E = 0.5 × L × I^2, where E is the energy stored, L is the inductance, and I is the current.

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Complete question:

A steady current flows through an inductor. if the current is doubled while the inductance remains constant, the amount of energy stored in the inductor group of answer choices

A - increases by a factor of 4.

B - increases by a factor that depends on the geometry of the inductor.

C - increases by a factor of 2.

D - none of the above.