The minimum requirements for the design, materials, fabrication, erection, testing, and inspection of various types of piping systems are covered by:________

Answer:

The  frictional force "opposes" the motion.

Thus the frictional force is to the left.

The correct answer is a) 8. The number of revolutions made by the wheel is directly proportional to the angle through which it has turned.

Therefore, we can use the formula for the angle turned by an object with a constant angular acceleration as follows:

θ = ω₀t + 1/2 αt²

Where θ is the angle turned, ω₀ is the initial angular velocity (which is zero in this case), α is the angular acceleration, and t is the time elapsed.

We are given that the wheel has made 4 complete revolutions in 4 seconds, which is a total angle of 4*2π radians. Therefore, we can use this to find the angular acceleration as follows:

4*2π = 1/2 α(4)²

α = 4π/8 = π/2 radians per second squared

Now we can use the same formula to find the angle turned after 8 seconds:

θ = 0(8) + 1/2 (π/2)(8)² = 16π radians

The number of revolutions made by the wheel is equal to the angle turned divided by 2π, so we have:

Number of revolutions = 16π / 2π = 8

Therefore, the wheel has made 8 complete revolutions after 8 seconds.

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From a distance of 48,952.36 m, these light bulbs can be marginally resolved by a small telescope with a 4.10 cm -diameter objective lens.

Given distance between the two light bulbs (Δx) is 0.800 m, and the diameter of the objective lens (D) is 4.10 cm. We need to find out the minimum distance for which the light bulbs can be resolved. The minimum distance for which the light bulbs can be resolved is given by the formulaθ=min θ=1.22λ/Dθ is the angular resolutionλ is the wavelength of light, D is the diameter of the objective lens θmin = 1.22λ/D.

For resolving the light bulbs, the angular separation between them should be equal to or greater than the minimum angular resolution. The angular separation between the light bulbs is given by the formulaθ = Δx/D θ = (0.800 m)/(0.041 m)θ = 19.5 rad. Now we will find the wavelength of light, for which light bulbs are to be resolved. For the visible light, λ = 550 nm = 5.50 × 10⁻⁷ m. Putting the values of θ and λ in the equation of θmin, we get θmin = 1.22 × 5.50 × 10⁻⁷ / 0.041θmin = 1.634 × 10⁻⁵ rad. So, if the angular separation is greater than or equal to 1.634 × 10⁻⁵ rad, the light bulbs can be resolved. So, the minimum distance is given byθmin = Δx / df or df = Δx / θmin = 0.800 / 1.634 × 10⁻⁵= 48,952.36 m.

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By following these steps, you will find the hydrostatic force acting against the horizontal square at the bottom of the 3ft pool with the given liquid density.

To calculate the hydrostatic force against a horizontal square (2ft x 2ft) at the bottom of a 3ft pool, you can follow these steps:
Step 1: Find the pressure at the bottom of the pool.
Hydrostatic pressure (P) can be calculated using the formula:
P = ρgh
where ρ (rho) is the liquid density, g is the acceleration due to gravity (32.2 ft/s²), and h is the depth of the pool (3ft).
Step 2: Calculate the hydrostatic pressure.
Use the given liquid density (ρ) and plug in the values into the formula:
P = ρ * 32.2 * 3
Step 3: Find the area of the horizontal square.
Area (A) = length × width = 2ft × 2ft = 4ft²
Step 4: Calculate the hydrostatic force.
Hydrostatic force (F) can be calculated using the formula:
F = PA
Substitute the calculated pressure (P) and area (A) into the formula:
F = P * 4
By following these steps, you will find the hydrostatic force acting against the horizontal square at the bottom of the 3ft pool with the given liquid density.

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The radial velocity of the star is approximately 534.3 km/s by using the Doppler shift formula with a shift in wavelength of 0.7 nm for the observed calcium absorption line with a rest wavelength of 393.3 nm

The Doppler shift formula is Δλ/λ = v/c, where

Δλ is the shift in wavelength,

λ is the rest wavelength,

v is the radial velocity of the star, and

c is the speed of light.

The shift in wavelength is given by the observed wavelength minus the rest wavelength:

Δλ = 394.0 nm - 393.3 nm = 0.7 nm

Substituting the values into the Doppler shift formula, we get:

Δλ/λ = v/c

0.7 nm / 393.3 nm = v / 299792458 m/s

Solving for v, we get:

v = (0.7 nm / 393.3 nm) * 299792458 m/s

v ≈ 534.3 km/s

Therefore, the radial velocity of the star is approximately 534.3 km/s.

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The power produced by the horse can be calculated using the formula:

Power = Work done / Time taken

Given that the horse produces 1250000 J of work when it pulls the wagon, we need to find the power produced by the horse when it pulls for 20 seconds.

Power = 1250000 J / 20 s

Power = 62500 watts

Therefore, the horse produces 62500 watts or 62.5 kilowatts of power when it pulls the wagon for 20 seconds.

Currently, wind power generates a greater overall share of electricity than solar does. Solar energy is a far more practical choice for households.

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The uncertainty in the measurement of the density of the metal ingot is 75.19 kg/m³.

The uncertainty of the measurement can be found using the formula given below:

δρ/ρ= (δm/m + 2δr/r)

Where:

ρ = Density of the metal ingot

δρ = Uncertainty in the density of the metal ingot

m = Mass of the metalingot

δm = Uncertainty in the mass of the metalingot

r = Radius of the cylinder

δr = Uncertainty in the radius of the cylinder

Here,

m = 5.2 kg, δm = 2

g = 0.002 kg

ρ =?, δρ =?,

r = 75.2 / 2 = 37.6 mm= 0.0376 m

δr = 0.05 / 2 = 0.025 mm= 0.000025 m

The volume of the cylinder can be calculated as follows.

V = πr²l

Where:

l = Length of the cylinder= 150 mm= 0.15 m

Therefore, the volume of the cylinder is,

V = πr²l= 3.1416 x (0.0376 m)² x 0.15 m= 0.0002124 m³

Now, the density of the metal ingot can be calculated using the formula given below:

ρ = m / V= 5.2 kg / 0.0002124 m³= 24505.63 kg/m³

Now, the uncertainty in the density of the metal ingot can be calculated using the formula given below:

δρ/ρ= (δm/m + 2δr/r)δρ/24505.63 = (0.002 / 5.2 + 2 x 0.000025 / 0.0376)δρ = 75.19 kg/m³

Therefore, the uncertainty in the measurement of the density of the metal ingot is 75.19 kg/m³.

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The disk-shaped space station 180 m in diameter must spin at 3.183 rpm in order for the acceleration of all points on its rim to be 10 m/s².

To find the number of revolutions per minute (rpm) needed for a disk-shaped space station 180 m in diameter to produce an acceleration of [tex] 10 m/s^2 [/tex]at all points on its rim, we need to use the formula a = ω²r, where a is the acceleration, ω is the angular velocity in radians per second, and r is the radius of the disk.

Since we are given the acceleration and radius, we can solve for ω:

a = ω²r
10 m/s² = ω²(90m)
ω = 0.3333 rad/s
We can now convert the angular velocity from radians per second to revolutions per minute, using the formula ω (rpm) = ω (rad/s) × 9.55:

ω (rpm) = 0.3333 rad/s × 9.55
ω (rpm) = 3.183 rpm
Therefore, the disk-shaped space station 180 m in diameter must spin at 3.183 rpm in order for the acceleration of all points on its rim to be 10 m/s².

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When motors, heavy machinery, and fluorescent lights interfere with a signal, it is known as Electromagnetic interference (EMI).

What is Electromagnetic interference (EMI):

Electromagnetic interference (EMI) is a phenomenon that happens when electrical equipment, machines, or other electrical systems produce electromagnetic energy that interacts with other electronic devices or machinery, resulting in electrical signals known as noise.

As a result, electronic gadgets may suffer from Electromagnetic interference (EMI).

When motors, heavy machinery, and fluorescent lights interfere with a signal, it is known as Electromagnetic interference (EMI).

When EMI is produced in electrical equipment, it may reduce its capacity to communicate with other devices by making signals less strong or understandable.

To reduce EMI's effects, shielding and filtering techniques are often used.

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Conduction involves the transfer of heat through direct contact,
while radiation involves the transfer of heat through electromagnetic waves.

Conduction and radiation are two different mechanisms by which heat is transferred from one object to another.

Conduction is the transfer of heat through direct contact between two objects that are at different temperatures. When two objects are in contact, the hotter object transfers some of its heat energy to the cooler object until they reach thermal equilibrium. For example, when you touch a hot stove, heat is transferred from the stove to your hand through conduction.

Radiation is the transfer of heat through electromagnetic waves. Unlike conduction, radiation does not require direct contact between two objects. Instead, heat energy is transferred through the air or space between the two objects. For example, the sun warms the earth through radiation. Heat energy is transferred from the sun to the earth through electromagnetic waves, even though there is no physical contact between them.

a) vtan before it is turned off is 4,910 cm/s. b) The angular acceleration is 4.43 rad/s2. c) After it is turned off, It goes through 45.3 rotations.

A lawn mower has blades that are 55 cm in diameter and rotate at 850 rpm. when it is turned off it takes 3.2 s to stop rotating.

a) The linear tangential velocity (vtan) of a rotating object is equal to the circumference of the object multiplied by the angular velocity (ω) of the object. The circumference of a circle with a diameter of 55 cm is 2π x 55 cm, or ~346 cm. The angular velocity of the lawn mower is 850 rpm, which is equivalent to 850/60 = 14.17 revolutions per second. Therefore, the linear tangential velocity of the lawn mower is ~346 x 14.17 = 4,910 cm/s.

b) The angular acceleration (α) of a rotating object is the rate of change of angular velocity. Since the lawn mower takes 3.2 seconds to stop rotating, the angular acceleration is calculated by dividing the change in angular velocity by the time taken for it to stop, which is (14.17-0)/3.2 = 4.43 rad/s2.

c) The number of rotations the lawn mower goes through after it is turned off is determined by the amount of time it takes for the mower to stop, 3.2 seconds. If the angular velocity is 14.17 revolutions per second before it is turned off, then it will make 14.17 x 3.2 = 45.3 rotations before it stops.

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The power output of the weightlifter is 10,000 Watts.

The power output of a weightlifter lifting a 2,000 Newton weight a vertical distance of 0.5 meters in 0.1 seconds can be calculated using the following formula:

Power = Work/Time = (Force x Distance)/Time

In this case: Power = (2,000 N x 0.5 m)/0.1 s = 10,000 W (Watts)

Power is defined as the work done in a unit of time.

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The roller coaster will have the greatest amount of gravitational potential energy at the top of the highest point.

Gravitational potential energy is the energy possessed by an object due to its position in a gravitational field. As the roller coaster is transported up the large incline, it gains potential energy, which is converted to kinetic energy as it rolls down the hills, turns, and spirals. At the top of the highest point, the roller coaster has reached its maximum height and thus has the highest potential energy.

As it begins to descend, the potential energy is converted to kinetic energy, allowing the roller coaster to move through the rest of the track until it comes to rest at the passenger loading station.

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--The complete question is, Many roller coasters function by mechanically transporting the cars up a large incline. The cars then roll down and up a series of hills, turns, and spirals until the cars come to rest at the passenger loading station. At which point will the roller coaster have the greatest amount of gravitational potential energy?--

Skaters can modify their mass distribution while keeping their center of mass at a constant distance from the axis of rotation during a spin maneuver, without changing their angular velocity.

If the pair of figure skaters want to make a change that results in no change to their angular velocity, they could change the distribution of their masses while maintaining their center of mass at the same distance from the axis of rotation. For example, they could stretch their arms outward, move their legs closer together, or tilt their bodies slightly, all while keeping their center of mass at the same distance from the axis of rotation through the left foot of the skater on the left. By doing so, the moment of inertia of the system would change, but the angular velocity would remain the same.

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3). The wavelength of the laser light used is approximately 0.0000663 mm.

To determine the wavelength of the laser light, we can use the formula for the spacing between diffraction maxima from a diffraction grating:

dsinθ = mλ

where d is the spacing between the grating lines (in this case, 1/300 mm), θ is the angle between the incident beam and the diffracted beam (which can be calculated from the positions of the maxima and the distance from the grating to the screen), m is the order of the maximum, and λ is the wavelength of the light.

Since the problem mentions a first order maximum, we can use m = 1.

Therefore, the correct calculation to determine the wavelength of the laser light is:

λ = d*sinθ/m = (1/300 mm)*sin(θ)/1

We can use the diagram to measure the distance between the first order maximum and the central maximum, and the distance between the grating and the screen, in order to calculate sinθ:

sinθ = (distance between maxima)/(distance to screen)

sinθ = (0.40 m)/(2.00 m)

sinθ = 0.2

Substituting this value into the equation, we get:

λ = (1/300 mm)*sin(0.2) = 0.0000663 mm

Therefore, the wavelength of the laser light used is approximately 0.0000663 mm.

4). D. "Only transverse waves can be polarised" statement is correct about the waves.

Polarisation refers to the alignment of the oscillations of a wave in a particular direction. Transverse waves have oscillations that are perpendicular to the direction of wave propagation, and therefore they can be polarised by filtering out all but one orientation of oscillation. Longitudinal waves, on the other hand, have oscillations that are parallel to the direction of wave propagation, and therefore they cannot be polarised in the same way.

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The replacement of a resistor by another resistor in a circuit will theoretically have the following effect on the circuit waveform at the output:

Explanation:

1. If the new resistor has the same resistance value as the original one, there will be no change in the output waveform.

2. If the new resistor has a higher resistance value than the original one, the output waveform amplitude may decrease, and the time constants associated with any RC (resistor-capacitor) or RL (resistor-inductor) components in the circuit may change, potentially altering the waveform shape or frequency response.

3. If the new resistor has a lower resistance value than the original one, the output waveform amplitude may increase, and the time constants associated with any RC or RL components in the circuit may change, potentially altering the waveform shape or frequency response.

In summary, replacing a resistor with another resistor may change the amplitude, shape, and frequency response of the circuit waveform at the output, depending on the new resistor's value in relation to the original one.

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Answer: B.  Plantae, Protista, Fungi, Animalia

Explanation: It became very difficult to group some living things into one or the other, so early in the past century the two kingdoms were expanded into five kingdoms: Protista (the single-celled eukaryotes); Fungi (fungus and related organisms); Plantae (the plants); Animalia (the animals); Monera (the prokaryotes).

Brainliest? <33

The correct order of kingdoms for organisms 1 through 4 is Plantae, Fungi, Protista, and Animalia. The correct option is D.

In biology, a kingdom is a basic classification of organisms into a group based on certain characteristics. Traditionally, there were five kingdoms: Monera (single-celled prokaryotes), Protista (single-celled eukaryotes), Fungi (multi-celled organisms that feed on decaying matter), Plantae (multi-celled organisms that make their own food through photosynthesis), and Animalia (multi-celled organisms that feed on other organisms).

However, with advancements in molecular biology and genetics, the classification system has been revised and some scientists have proposed a three-domain system that includes Archaea (single-celled organisms that thrive in extreme environments), Bacteria (single-celled organisms found everywhere), and Eukarya (organisms with cells containing a nucleus).

The exact classification system can vary depending on the taxonomist or scientist and the organisms being studied. The goal of classification is to organize organisms into groups based on shared characteristics to better understand the diversity of life on Earth.

Here in the Question,

The order in which Felicia should list the kingdoms for organisms 1 through 4 is:

1. Plantae: This organism is multicellular and has cells with cell walls. It also makes its own food, which is a characteristic of the Plantae kingdom.

2. Fungi: This organism is a single-celled decomposer, which is a characteristic of the Fungi kingdom.

3. Protista: This organism is a simple multicellular organism that lacks true tissues and organs but makes its own food, which is a characteristic of the Plantae kingdom.

4. Animalia: This organism is multicellular and gets food by eating other organisms, which is a characteristic of the Animalia kingdom.

Therefore, the correct order of kingdoms for organisms 1 through 4 is D. Plantae, Fungi, Protista, and Animalia.

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(A) Humans impact the distribution of resources by altering the natural processes that govern the distribution of resources such as minerals, fuel reserves, and water.

(B) Mining is one way in which humans impact mineral distributions.

(C) Humans impact fuel reserves through the extraction and consumption of fossil fuels.

Human activities such as mining, drilling, and deforestation, humans disrupt the natural balance of resources, which can lead to resource depletion or an uneven distribution of resources.

By extracting minerals from the earth, humans can deplete or alter the natural distribution of these resources.

Additionally, mining can result in the release of toxic chemicals and heavy metals into the environment, which can have detrimental effects on ecosystems and human health.

The burning of fossil fuels releases greenhouse gases, which contribute to climate change. Additionally, the extraction of fossil fuels can have negative impacts on ecosystems, including habitat destruction and water pollution.

The use of fossil fuels also contributes to geopolitical tensions and conflicts, as countries compete for access to these resources. In recent years, there has been a growing recognition of the need to transition to cleaner, renewable energy sources in order to mitigate the negative impacts of human activities on fuel reserves and the environment.

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The transducer's ringing frequency is 1.731 kHz.
In a step test of a transducer, a signal has a damped oscillation that decays to a steady value. The period of oscillation is 0.577 ms.

The formula for the time period of oscillation is given by:T = (2π / ω)0.5,where T = time period and ω = angular frequency. From the above equation, the angular frequency is given as:ω = (2π / T)^2. The frequency of oscillation is given as:f = 1 / T. The formula for the damping ratio is given as:ζ = ln(A1/A2)/Tn, where A1 = amplitude of the first peak, A2 = amplitude of the second peak and Tn = time between peaks.

Substituting the values, we get:ζ = ln(0.707/0.707)/0.577ζ = 0. We know that the ringing frequency is given by:fr = f (1 - 2ζ^2)^0.5. Substituting the values, we get:fr = 1 / 0.577 x (1 - 2 x 0^2)^0.5fr = 1.731 kHz.

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The painter will be able to catch the can if it falls off a ledge and passes in front of him, given that he has lightning-fast reflexes.

What we know: The distance between the can and the ground is 2.25 m.
The distance between the painter’s hands and the can is 4.45 m.
To solve this problem, we need to use the following equation: s = ut + 1/2 at²
Where:s is the distance traveled by the can is the initial velocity (0)m/sa is the acceleration due to gravity (-9.81)m/st is the time taken for the can to fall

Let’s start by calculating the time taken for the can to fall: s = ut + 1/2 at²2.25 = 0t + 1/2(-9.81)t²4.905t² = 2.25t = sqrt(2.25/4.905) = 0.67 seconds
Now, we can calculate the distance traveled by the can horizontally in 0.67 seconds:
distance = speed × time
The speed of the can is the same as the speed of the painter's hands, so let's call it v:distance = v × 0.67
We don't know what v is yet, but we can find it using the fact that the painter's hands are 4.45 m above the can when it falls:v = sqrt(2gh)
where g is the acceleration due to gravity (9.81 m/s²) and h is the distance between the painter’s hands and the can (4.45 m):v = sqrt(2 × 9.81 × 4.45) = 9.90 m/s

Finally, we can calculate the distance the can travels horizontally: d = v × t = 9.90 × 0.67 = 6.63 m
The horizontal distance the can travels is 6.63 m, which is greater than the distance between the painter and the wall.

Therefore, if the can falls off the ledge and passes in front of him, the painter will be able to catch it if he has lightning-fast reflexes.

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The right response is option (a). ECGs that are considered normal This P wave denotes either atrial contraction or depolarization. Ventricular depolarization or contraction is represented by the QRS complex.

3. Repolarization of the ventricles at the T wave.

When the atria don't beat in time with both the ventricles, the condition is known as atrial fibrillation.

• A lack of atrial activity might exist.

ECG in atrial fibrillation: The lack of "P" waves is the telltale indication of both the condition. Atrial activity is absent, which is the reason of this.

• The presence of aberrant fibrillary waves by place of the P waves implies abnormal atrial contraction.

• The P wave ought to be diminished or missing.

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Answer:

Incresing the staircase does not affect the work done; only the vertical distance affects the work done. Remember, the work is done against the weight and thus the relevant displacement is only the vertical displacement.

Explanation:

You threw a bowling ball with 453 n of force, the ball moves 23,654 mm before coming to a stop. The work did by you on the ball is: 10,731.962 n•m.

You did work on the ball when you threw it with 453 n of force. Work is calculated by multiplying the amount of force (in newtons) by the distance the object travels (in meters).

To solve for the work done, we must first convert the distance from mm to m: 23,654 mm = 23.654 m. Then, we can calculate the work done using the equation Work = Force x Distance, which gives us:

Work = 453 n x 23.654 m = 10,731.962 n•m.

The unit of measurement for work is the Newton meter (n•m). This means that when you threw the bowling ball with 453 n of force, you did 10,731.962 n•m of work on it.

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You threw a bowling ball with 453 n of force, the ball moves 23,654 mm before coming to a stop. The work did by you on the ball is: 10,731.962 n•m.

The work done on the ball can be calculated using the formula:

Work = Force x Distance

where Force is the applied force on the ball and Distance is the distance over which the force is applied.

In this case, the force is 453 N and the distance is 23,654 mm. However, it is important to convert the distance from millimeters to meters, since the unit of force is in Newtons and the unit of distance should be in meters to maintain consistency in units.

Converting the distance from millimeters to meters:

23,654 mm = 23,654/1000 m = 23.654 m

Therefore, the work done on the ball is:

Work = Force x Distance

Work = 453 N x 23.654 m

Work = 10,742.962 J

Therefore, you did approximately 10,742.962 Joules of work on the ball.

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The altitude of the satellite (in km) the moment it starts its descent is: (radius + (2 * pi * 2.8 km/s) / period)

The altitude of the satellite the moment it starts its descent depends on the radius of the planet and the speed of the satellite. To calculate the altitude, we need to first calculate the period of the satellite's orbit.

The period is calculated by taking the square root of (4 * pi2 * radius3) / (Gravitational Constant * mass), where G is the Gravitational Constant. Once we have the period, we can then calculate the altitude of the satellite the moment it starts its descent. This is done by taking the radius of the planet plus (2 * pi * speed) / period.

In this case, the altitude is (radius + (2 * pi * 2.8 km/s) / period). The satellite orbits the planet in an elliptical orbit, and its altitude is changing constantly, so the altitude will be different each time it passes the planet.

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The tension that a rope must withstand if it is used to accelerate a 1810-kg car horizontally along a frictionless surface at 1.20 m/s² is 21900 N.

The question is asking for the amount of tension that the rope should have to accelerate a 1810-kg car horizontally along a frictionless surface at a speed of 1.20 m/s².

Tension (T) = mass (m) x acceleration (a)

Using the given values:

T = (1810 kg) x (1.20 m/s²)T = 21900 N

Therefore, the tension that a rope must withstand if it is used to accelerate a 1810-kg car horizontally along a frictionless surface at 1.20 m/s² is 21900 N.

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80 N of force is used to propel a lawn mower. The issue is determining the overall distance the lawn mower was pushed after performing 12,000 J of work on a grass.

80 N of force is used to propel a lawn mower. When you mow a lawn, you put in 12,000 J of labour, D is Distance 150 Meters.

A system's heat gain or loss can be determined by multiplying the given mass by the substance's specific heat capacity and the temperature differential.

To determine: The total distance the lawnmower pushed

The lawnmower's work can be summed up as:

Here, "F" stands for force, "d" for displacement, and "∅" represents the angle between the two.

The angle is 0° while pulling the lawnmower

W⇒F×d×cos(0°)

  ⇒F×d

  ⇒=80×150

  ⇒12000

W⇒12000J

Displacement, which in this context is equivalent with distance, is 150 meter's. Due to the rule of conservation of energy, we know that the reaction that heated the surroundings must have produced the energy, which means that the reaction caused the wood to lose 12000J when it burned with oxygen.

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Two waves travel at same speed. The frequency of wave A is 1000 Hz, and the frequency of wave B is 4000 Hz. Wavelength A is four times length of wavelength B. The correct answer is option: D.

The speed of a wave can be represented as product of its wavelength and frequency. Therefore, if two waves travel at the same speed, the ratio of their wavelength will be inversely proportional to ratio of their frequency. Thus, if frequency of wave A is 1000 Hz and frequency of wave B is 4000 Hz, wavelength of wave A will be four times longer than the wavelength of wave B. Therefore, the correct answer is (D) four times length of wavelength B

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A plastic pipe 9 cm long has an outside radius of 3 cm and an inside radius of 2cm. if the density of the plastic is 0.82 g/cm,  the mass of the pipe  is 115.84 g.

To calculate the mass of the pipe, we need to find its volume and then multiply it by the density of the plastic. The volume of the pipe can be calculated as the  difference  between the volume of the outer cylinder and the inner cylinder:

volume of the pipe= volume of the outer cylinder- volume of the inner cylinder.Now the formula for the volume of a cylinder is:

Volume = π × r^2 × h, where r is the radius and h is the height of the cylinder.so  volume of the outer cyliner is = π × (3)^2 × 9 = 254.47 cm^3, volume of the inner cylinder= π × 2^2 × 9 = 113.10 cm^3, volume of the pipe =254.47 cm^3 - 113.1 = 141.37 cm^3.

Now we calculate the mass of the pipe by multiplying its volume by the density of the plastic:

Mass = Volume × Density = 141.37 cm^3 × 0.82 g/cm^3 = 115.84 g

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