Answer:
This statement is false.
Explanation:
While reliance is an element of a securities fraud claim, a plaintiff may also establish the reliance element by showing that the misrepresentation or omission was material and that the market as a whole relied on it. This is known as the "fraud-on-the-market" theory, which was established in Basic Inc. v. Levinson, 485 U.S. 224 (1988).
a nurse is facing a malpractice suit after a patient was injured in a fall. when establishing whether the nurse committed a breach of duty, the court will consult with:
When establishing whether the nurse committed a breach of duty, the court will consult with: other medical professionals who have knowledge, skill, experience, or training in the relevant field.
What is medical malpractice?
Medical malpractice is a form of negligence that occurs when a health care provider fails to provide the required care, resulting in harm to the patient. It can take a variety of forms, ranging from a failure to diagnose or treat a condition to an error during surgery.
When it comes to medical malpractice lawsuits, there are a number of factors to consider.
In general, the following requirements must be met:
the healthcare provider must owe a duty of care to the patient, there must be a breach of the standard of care,
and the breach must have caused harm to the patient.
The facts about medical malpractice are.
Medical malpractice as a body of law is unique to the United States.
Medical malpractice as a body of law is unique to the United States.
Medical malpractice law is the same in every state.
To know more about medical malpractice, refer here:
https://brainly.com/question/25441985
#SPJ11
Which amendment prohibits the manufacture, sale, or transportation of intoxicating liquors?
Alcoholic beverages cannot be produced, sold, or transported according to the U.S. Constitution's 18th Amendment.
What is the 18th Amendment to the U.S. Constitution?The "production, sale, or transportation of intoxicating liquors..." was forbidden by the 18th Amendment (PDF, 91KB), which was passed by the states on January 16, 1919. In the early nineteenth century, there was a push to outlaw alcohol in the United States. By its provisions, the Eighteenth Amendment barred "the manufacturing, sale, or transit of intoxicating liquours" but not the consumption, private possession, or production for one's own consumption.The increasingly unpopular nationwide prohibition of alcohol was ended by the 21st Amendment, which repealed the 18th Amendment of January 16, 1919.The Declaration of Independence makes reference to it. The 21st Amendment to the Constitution grants states the "rights" in relation to alcoholic beverages, not the federal government or to individuals.To learn more about 18th Amendment to the U.S. Constitution, refer to:
https://brainly.com/question/4023594
The 18th Amendment prohibits the manufacture, sale, or transportation of intoxicating liquors.
The amendment that prohibits the manufacture, sale, or transportation of intoxicating liquors is the 18th Amendment to the United States Constitution. It was ratified in 1919 and went into effect in 1920. This amendment, also known as the Prohibition Amendment, aimed to reduce alcohol consumption and related issues in society.
Learn more about Prohibition here:https://brainly.com/question/33771362
#SPJ12
a. first amendment b. third amendment c. the simpsons d. fourth and fifth amendments e. second amendment
Answer: What's the question?
Explanation:
is that nothing the lawyer can do if the other party's bodily injury coverage is low and does not have money in nj?
If the other party's bodily injury coverage is low and they don't have money to cover damages, there may be limited options, but consulting with a lawyer and exploring all options is recommended. Uninsured/underinsured motorist coverage on the injured party's policy may help.
If the other party's bodily injury coverage is low and they do not have enough money to cover the damages, there may not be much a lawyer can do to recover the full amount of damages. However, there may be some options available, such as pursuing a claim against the other party's assets or negotiating a settlement.
It is important to consult with a lawyer to understand the specific circumstances and explore all available options. Additionally, if the injured party has uninsured/underinsured motorist coverage on their own insurance policy, that coverage may help compensate for damages.
To know more about injured party's policy:
https://brainly.com/question/15312531
#SPJ4
which law or practice guideline did the occupational safety and healthcare administration and oncology nursing society established
The Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) and the Oncology Nursing Society (ONS) established "Safe Handling of Hazardous Drugs" practice guidelines to protect healthcare workers who handle hazardous drugs in the workplace.
These guidelines provide recommendations for handling hazardous drugs safely, including proper use of personal protective equipment, safe storage and disposal of hazardous drugs, and training and education for healthcare workers. The guidelines are based on OSHA's Hazard Communication Standard and other relevant regulations, as well as best practices in oncology nursing. The goal is to reduce the risk of exposure to hazardous drugs, which can cause serious health problems, including cancer, reproductive problems, and other adverse health effects.
Learn more about OSHA's Hazard Communication Standard:
https://brainly.com/question/27993242
#SPJ11
the supreme court ruling in korematsu v. united states upheld the constitutionality of
The supreme court ruling in korematsu v. united states upheld the constitutionality of internment camps during World War II.
The Supreme Court determined that Korematsu's violation of the evacuation order was legal and that it was unnecessary to address the case's constitutional racial discrimination issues. One of the Supreme Court's most contentious rulings, which upheld the constitutionality of internment camps during World War II, was delivered in December 1944. The Supreme Court ruled that it was constitutional to intern American citizens of Japanese descent during World War II. Japanese Americans during World War II in a government-run internment camp.
The case was significant historically and legally because it was the first time the Court established a unique standard of review for a law using a suspect classification, declaring that laws that discriminate on the basis of race "are immediately suspect" and need to be given "the most rigid scrutiny."
Learn more about Korematsu v. united states at
brainly.com/question/2297299
#SPJ4
What is equal protection clause of the fourteenth amendment ?
Answer:
The Fourteenth Amendment's Equal Protection Clause requires states to practice equal protection.
Explanation:
Criteria and Procedure Regarding Intemperate Use and Lack of Fitness in Eligibility and Disciplinary Matters
Answer:
The criteria and procedures regarding intemperate use and lack of fitness in eligibility and disciplinary matters may vary depending on the specific context, such as the organization, institution, or sport involved. However, here are some general guidelines:
Intemperate Use: This refers to the use of substances, such as drugs or alcohol, to a degree that impairs an individual's ability to perform their duties or responsibilities. Ineligibility and disciplinary measures may be taken if an individual is found to have engaged in intemperate use.
The criteria for intemperate use may include:
Evidence of substance abuse or addiction, such as drug tests, medical records, or witness statements.
Evidence of behavior that is consistent with substance abuse or addiction, such as missed work or school, erratic behavior, or conflicts with others.
Evidence of impairment, such as poor performance, accidents, or injuries.
The procedures for addressing intemperate use may include:
Counseling or treatment programs aimed at helping individuals overcome substance abuse or addiction.
Suspension or termination of employment or membership in an organization or sport.
Legal consequences, such as fines or criminal charges, depending on the severity of the offense.
Lack of Fitness: This refers to an individual's inability to meet the physical or mental requirements of their duties or responsibilities. Ineligibility and disciplinary measures may be taken if an individual is found to be unfit.
The criteria for lack of fitness may include:
Evidence of medical or psychological conditions that prevent an individual from performing their duties or responsibilities.
Evidence of poor physical or mental health, such as frequent absences or decreased performance.
Evidence of behavior that is inconsistent with the requirements of the job or role, such as safety violations or inability to complete tasks.
The procedures for addressing lack of fitness may include:
Medical or psychological evaluations to determine the individual's ability to perform their duties or responsibilities.
Accommodations or adjustments to the job or role to help the individual perform their duties or responsibilities.
Termination of employment or membership in an organization or sport if the individual is unable to perform their duties or responsibilities, even with accommodations or adjustments.
Explanation:
Rhianna owns a two-thirds interest in the ANTI Partnership and a 75-percent interest in the LOUD Partnership. In the current year, ANTI sells property to LOUD at a loss of $10,000. Later in the same year, LOUD sells the same property to an unrelated party for a $2,000 gain.
What is the amount of gain or loss recognized by ANTI and LOUD on the sale of this property?
The sale to LOUD resulted in a loss of $6,667 for ANTI. With an adjusted basis of $6,667 and a gain of $2,000, LOUD realised a gain of $2,000 on the transaction.
What profit or loss is expected to be recorded when the equipment is sold?The carrying value of an asset is its initial purchase price less all accrued depreciation and any cumulative impairment charges. Remove this carrying sum from the asset's sale price. It is a gain if the remainder is positive. It is a loss if the remaining is negative.
How do you record a sale's gain or loss?Debit assets by recording depreciation and cash received. The original cost and any profits from the sale are taken into account. as asset credit. You can also record losses as debit. If done correctly, credit and debit cancel out.
To know more about resulted visit:-
https://brainly.com/question/29670723
#SPJ1
A person 20 years old was at a party and has been drinking alcohol. They were driving home from the party and stopped by law enforcement. What penalties and results could occur?
Driving under the influence of alcohol is a serious offense, and the penalties for this offense vary depending on the jurisdiction and the specific circumstances of the case.
What Penalty can a Person Get for Driving Under the Influence of Alcohol?In the given instance, assuming the person's blood alcohol concentration (BAC) was above the legal limit, here are some potential penalties and consequences they could face:
Legal Penalties: The person could face criminal charges, fines, and potential jail time. In most states, a first-time DUI offense can result in a fine of several thousand dollars, a license suspension, and up to a year in jail. Repeat offenses carry stiffer penalties, including longer jail time and higher fines.License Suspension: The person's driver's license could be suspended for a period of time, usually several months to a year or more. In some states, they may be eligible for a restricted license that allows them to drive to work, school, or medical appointments, but this usually requires the installation of an ignition interlock device.Insurance Implications: The person's car insurance premiums will likely increase significantly, and they may have difficulty finding affordable coverage in the future.Criminal Record: A DUI conviction will appear on the person's criminal record, which could have long-term implications for their employment, housing, and other aspects of their life.Social Consequences: The person may face social stigma, especially if they caused an accident or injured someone while driving under the influence.It's important to note that the specific penalties and consequences will depend on the jurisdiction and the specific circumstances of the case. It's always best to avoid drinking and driving altogether to avoid these potential consequences and to keep yourself and others safe on the road.
Learn more about Driving under the Influence of Alcohol here: https://brainly.com/question/24351524
#SPJ1
what is it called if a person cannot be sued for defamation for any false statements made, regardless of intent or knowledge of their falsity?
The legal principle that protects a person from being sued for defamation for any false statements made, regardless of intent or knowledge of their falsity, is known as "absolute privilege."
This doctrine applies to certain individuals, such as government officials and legislators, who must be able to freely express themselves without fear of legal reprisal. Absolute privilege typically applies to statements made during official proceedings, such as legislative debates or court hearings, and is intended to promote free speech and ensure that important public discussions are not chilled by the threat of litigation. However, it is important to note that absolute privilege is not absolute and may be limited in certain circumstances, such as when the statement is made with actual malice or outside the scope of official duties.
To know more about absolute privilege click here:
brainly.com/question/15017387?
#SPJ4
The sentiments expressed in the excerpt are most in direct conflict with which of the following New Deal policies?
a) a reduction in tariff rates
b) labor rights
c) economic recovery
d) deficit spending
In order to combat the economic crisis of the Great Depression in the 1930s, President Franklin D. Roosevelt developed a number of initiatives and policies known as the New Deal.
The resurgence or improvement of an economy after a period of recession or decline is referred to as economic recovery. It typically entails carrying out measures or plans designed to boost economic expansion, generate employment, and boost consumer confidence. Economic recovery can occur in a number of ways, including through monetary or fiscal policies, public spending, and investments in infrastructure and construction projects. Strategies for economic recovery that are successful can raise living standards, lower poverty rates, and encourage long-term economic growth. The effectiveness of these strategies, however, is dependent on a number of variables, including the status of the economy, the nature of the crisis, and the efficiency of the implemented policies and programmes.
Learn more about economic recovery here:
https://brainly.com/question/3615698
#SPJ4
Which of the following is an example of sentencing someone?
The judge tells a witness that he must repeat what he said.
The judge tells a defendant that he must take an oath to tell the truth.
The judge tells a convicted defendant that she must pay a fine.
The judge tells an attorney that she cannot ask a witness a particular question.
the ideologies of capitalism, socialism, and capitalism rose during which period of change?
The Industrial Revolution, which was sparked by the mechanization of the manufacturing process, gave rise to capitalism and socialism, two major rival economic systems.
What is meant by capitalism?An economic system based on private ownership of the means of production and their use for profit is known as capitalism. Capital accumulation, competitive markets, the pricing system, private property, the recognition of property rights, voluntary exchange, and wage labor are key aspects of capitalism. A common conception of capitalism is as an economic system where individual actors own and control property according to their interests and where supply and demand freely determine market prices in a way that can best serve society. The desire to turn a profit is capitalism's fundamental characteristic. Without a question, capitalism plays a significant role in the modern era's creativity, riches, and success.To learn more about capitalism, refer to:
https://brainly.com/question/9267779
patrick held a baseball bat to eric's head to compel him to sign a contract advantageous to patrick. this contract was entered under:
The contract entered into by Eric under duress. Duress refers to a situation in which one party compels the other party to enter into a contract by threatening or using force against them.
In this case, Patrick used physical force by holding a baseball bat to Eric's head to coerce him into signing the contract. Duress is a recognized defense to the enforcement of a contract, and a contract entered into under duress is generally considered voidable at the option of the party who was coerced. If Eric can prove that he was forced to sign the contract under duress, he may be able to seek a remedy to avoid the contract or have it set aside.
To know more about contract click here:
brainly.com/question/15052365
#SPJ4
Why do you think each state has its own constitution or governing document rather than simply following the rules outlined in the US Constitution?
Answer:
Each state has a constitution to: outline the certain duties of each government within a state, grant rights that go beyond the federal constitution, establishes a system in which the state regulates its finances.
The US constitution sets a basic outline of how we should be governed. While individual state constitutions get into more specific details.
Explanation:
Describe the theory of connectivity as it relates to Locard's Exchange Principle.
Explanation:
Locard's Exchange Principle states that when two objects come into contact with each other, there is always an exchange of materials that occurs. This exchange can be physical, such as transferring fingerprints, fibers, or DNA, or it can be chemical, such as transferring gunshot residue or drugs. The theory of connectivity relates to Locard's Exchange Principle by emphasizing the importance of understanding the context in which the exchange occurred.
According to the theory of connectivity, every exchange leaves behind a trace that can be used to reconstruct the events that took place. This trace can include physical evidence such as fingerprints or DNA, as well as contextual information such as the location and timing of the exchange. By analyzing these traces and their relationships to each other, investigators can reconstruct the events that took place and determine how the exchange occurred.
In the context of forensic investigations, the theory of connectivity is used to analyze the evidence collected from a crime scene and establish the links between the people, objects, and events involved in the crime. This can involve analyzing the movements of individuals or objects, identifying patterns in the transfer of materials, and reconstructing the sequence of events leading up to the crime. By using the theory of connectivity in conjunction with Locard's Exchange Principle, investigators can gain a more complete understanding of how a crime occurred and use this information to build a stronger case.
What is the surface area of the cylinder in terms of π?
40.28π in2
22.80π in2
18.62π in2
15.01π in2
The surface area of the cylinder in terms of π is 522π square meters.
What is surface area?A cylinder's surface area is made up of the sum of the areas of its two round bases and its curving surface. We can use the following formula to determine the given cylinder's surface area:
Surface Area equals 2r2 plus 2rh
Where h is the height of the cylinder, r is the radius of the circular base, and is a mathematical constant having a value that is roughly 3.14159.
We can substitute these numbers into the formula and make it simpler by using the values 9m for the cylinder's radius and 20m for its height:
Surface Area is 2(9)2 plus 2(9) (20)
Surface Area is equal to 2 (81 + 2) (180)
Area of Surface = 162 + 360
Area of Surface = 522
As a result, the cylinder has a surface area of 522 square meters.
Learn more about surface area here:
brainly.com/question/29298005
#SPJ9
Correct question is: Calculate surface are of the cylinder in terms of π if radius is 9m and height is 20m.
This sign means:
+
Another road crosses yours
Side road ahead on the right
Another lane is merging with yours
This sign is warning you of an upcoming intersection or side road ahead on the right. It may also indicate that another lane is merging with yours.
What is intersection?Intersection is the point at which two or more paths, lines, roads, or other objects cross each other. It is the point at which the two objects meet. Intersections are often highly regulated, with rules and regulations governing who has the right-of-way, how fast or slow traffic must move and even instructions on how to safely turn onto the intersecting road. Intersections are often used in transportation networks and in urban and suburban planning. They are also used in mathematics and other fields to illustrate relationships between objects or concepts. Intersections are important in ensuring safe travel and a well-coordinated flow of traffic.
To learn more about intersection
https://brainly.com/question/30454062
#SPJ1
The financial responsibility law can be satisfied with _________________.
answer choices
Medical insurance
Collision insurance
Comprehensive insurance
Liability insurance
Answer:
Liability insurance.
Discuss the differences between individualizing items of evidence and associative items of evidence?
Individualized proof has a common origin, while classification evidence solely shares frequent characteristics. Class proof cannot, however man or woman proof can. It can exonerate suspects who are from a one-of-a-kind group.
What is individualizing evidence?The quality proof is anything that can be linked to a unique, single, unique source. This is called person evidence. Examples are. fingerprints, handwriting, DNA patterns, and.
What is the difference between associative proof and tracing evidence?In terms of investigative aids, hint proof can furnish statistics to decide the origin of a pattern and determine the manufacture date of the material, all of which can restrict possible suspects in a case. Associative proof can partner with or link victims or suspects to a crime scene.
Learn more about individualizing here;
https://brainly.com/question/375166
#SPJ1
QUESTION 4 Describe the Labour Relations Theoretical Ideology/ies at play in the case study. [15] what are the theoretical ideologies of labour relations
Union organizing, labor contract negotiations, and agreement administration make up the three stages of the labor relations process that results in a union-management partnership.
Pluralist labor relations theory: What is it?The pluralistic perspective contends that there are other sources of power at play in the interaction between employees and corporate executives. Under a pluralistic approach, where power is sought to be balanced between management and workers, unions are frequently a key element.
What constitutes labor relations' primary characteristics?When we talk about labor relations, we mean the interactions between employers and workers. They are impacted by a variety of things, including as labor unions, collective bargaining, the job market, government policy, the makeup of the economy, labor law, and technological advancement.
To know more about labour relations visit:-
https://brainly.com/question/28214843
#SPJ1
the main source of law in the united states which was developed over many generations comes from
Answer:
l think is United States Constitution or the Common law system of English law
Explanation:
Kiwi Interests is a partnership with a tax year that ends on September 30, 2022. During that year, Kereru, a partner, received $2,000 per month as a guaranteed payment, and his share of partnership income after guaranteed payments was $14,000. For October through December of 2022, Kereru received guaranteed payments of $3,000 per month.
Calculate the amount of income from the partnership that Kereru should report for the tax year ending December 31, 2022.
the tax year ending December 31, 2022, Kereru should report a total income of -$19,000 ($10,000 - $9,000) from the partnership. This loss can be used to offset income from other sources, subject to certain limitations and restrictions.
a) To find Aiden's taxable income, we need to subtract the standard deduction from their gross income. For tax year 2021, the standard deduction for a single taxpayer is $12,550. Therefore, Aiden's taxable income is:
Taxable income = Gross income - Standard deduction
Taxable income = $63,000 - $12,550
Taxable income = $50,450
b) Aiden's marginal tax rate is the rate at which their last dollar of income is taxed. To determine this rate, we need to look at the tax brackets for tax year 2021. Based on Aiden's taxable income of $50,450, their marginal tax rate is 22%.
c) Aiden's effective tax rate is the total amount of tax they paid divided by their taxable income.
Effective tax rate = (Total taxes due / Taxable income) x 100
Effective tax rate = ($6,847.50 / $50,450) x 100
Effective tax rate = 13.58%
To calculate the amount of income from the partnership that Kereru should report for the tax year ending December 31, 2022, we need to consider the guaranteed payments and his share of partnership income.
Income = Share of partnership income - Guaranteed payments
Income = $14,000 - $24,000
Income = -$10,000
Since the partnership is not liable to pay Kereru a loss, his share of the loss will be limited to his investment in the intersection partnership, and the remaining loss will be allocated to the other partners.
Therefore, for this period, Kereru's income from the partnership is:
Income = Share of partnership income - Guaranteed payments
Income = $0 - $9,000
Income = -$9,000
learn more about intersection here
https://brainly.com/question/30754136
#SPJ1
In the United States, a court case involving the ownership of a patent would be heard by which court?
State or the Supreme Court
Federal only
Federal or state
State only
Answer: the Court of Appeals for the Federal Circuit
Patent case appeals are heard by the Court of Appeals for the Federal Circuit (CAFC) (see Question 1, Order of precedence). The US Supreme Court hears appeals from the CAFC on a discretionary basis.
Explanation:
Federal only i think
Which activist was alive to witness the passing of the 19th amendment?
Answer:
Alice Paul and Elizabeth cady Stanton.
Explanation:
Gary owned Gary's Pawn Shop. He contracted with Skip Security, whereby Skip Security agreed to provide an unarmed security officer at the Pawn Shop every night from 6:00 pm -11:00 pm. Last Saturday at 8:00 pm, Aaron was a customer who was robbed and beaten in the Pawn Shop’s parking lot. Aaron sued Skip Security, alleging that Skip Security breached its duty to protect him.
In this scenario, Aaron may have a valid claim against Skip Security for breaching its duty to protect him.
Although Skip Security agreed to provide an unarmed security officer at Gary's Pawn Shop every night from 6:00 pm-11:00 pm, the fact that Aaron was robbed and beaten in the parking lot suggests that the security measures provided were inadequate. The duty to protect customers extends beyond just providing a security officer; it also includes conducting regular security assessments and implementing appropriate security measures to prevent harm to customers. If Aaron can demonstrate that Skip Security failed to fulfill this duty, he may be able to recover damages for his injuries. However, it is important to note that the specific facts of the case and the terms of the contract between Gary's Pawn Shop and Skip Security will determine the ultimate outcome of the lawsuit.
To learn more about Aaron click the link below:
brainly.com/question/13448916
#SPJ1
kai files a suit against lana based on one of lana's statements that kai alleges is fraudulent. to give rise to fraud, the statement must be one of
In a case whereby kai files a suit against lana based on one of lana's statements that kai alleges is fraudulent to give rise to fraud, the statement must be one of fact.
What is fact in law?Fact is fundamental finding based on research or experimentation. All lies are real under certain situations. Retesting some facts with more accurate tools may reveal that they are false. Law: A logical connection between two or more objects that is based on a number of verified assumptions and facts.
According to this clause, a fact is in question if it "results necessarily from the existence, non-existence, character, or extent of any right, liability, or disability asserted or denied in any suit or process, either by itself or in combination with other facts.
Learn more about fraud at:
https://brainly.com/question/14365386
#SPJ1
5. CHAPTER 8 (5 points)
Discuss the concept of discretion in the criminal justice system, especially as it pertains to
police officers and judges. How much discretion should these professionals be awarded?
When offered too much, do you think police officers have a tendency to abuse such
discretion? Can judges impose sentences that are more fair if they can use their discretion
instead of relying on sentencing guidelines?
Discretion is a necessary component of the criminal justice system, but it must be balanced with accountability and oversight to prevent abuse and ensure fair outcomes.
What is the concept of discretion in criminal justice system?Discretion in the criminal justice system refers to the power given to law enforcement officers and judges to make decisions based on their own judgment and interpretation of the law in specific situations. Police officers and judges have different forms of discretion, and their exercise of discretion can have a significant impact on the outcome of criminal cases.
Police officers have a considerable amount of discretion in their daily activities, including deciding whether or not to make an arrest, issue a citation, use force, or conduct a search. However, the level of discretion they are granted depends on the laws and policies of the jurisdiction they serve. Some police departments may have strict guidelines that limit the use of discretion, while others may have more flexible policies that allow officers to use their judgment.
When offered too much discretion, some police officers may abuse their power, leading to unjust outcomes in the criminal justice system. For example, an officer may unfairly target certain groups of individuals or use excessive force, which can result in harm and even loss of life. Therefore, it is essential to balance the need for discretion with accountability and oversight to ensure that officers act lawfully and justly.
Judges also have a significant amount of discretion in criminal cases, particularly when it comes to sentencing. While there are often sentencing guidelines that judges must follow, they can still use their discretion to adjust sentences based on the specific circumstances of the case, such as the defendant's criminal history, the severity of the crime, and the impact on the victim. In some cases, this discretion can lead to more fair and just outcomes than following strict guidelines, as judges can consider the unique circumstances of each case and the individuals involved.
In conclusion, discretion is a vital component of the criminal justice system, allowing law enforcement officers and judges to make informed decisions based on their judgment and interpretation of the law. However, it is essential to balance discretion with accountability and oversight to prevent abuse and ensure that decisions are made in a fair and just manner. Judges should be granted discretion to impose sentences that consider the individual circumstances of the case to ensure that justice is served in each situation.
Learn more on criminal justice system here;
https://brainly.com/question/5111667
#SPJ1
Apply your general knowledge of what you have learned about the legal system