Trent's management should select Project X as it has a higher expected return with a lower standard deviation and coefficient of variation compared to Project Y.
How to determine?Calculating the expected mean return, standard deviation, and coefficient of variation for both projects:
For Project X:
Mean = [(190,000+225,000+233,000+320,000)/4]
= R242,000
Variance = [(190,000 - 242,000)²+(225,000 - 242,000)²+(233,000 - 242,000)²+(320,000 - 242,000)²]/3
= R22,566,667
Standard deviation = √22,566,667
= R4,753.68
Coefficient of variation = (4,753.68/242,000)*100%
= 1.96%
For Project Y:
Mean = [(240,000+150,000+314,000-60,000)/4]
= R161,000
Variance = [(240,000 - 161,000)²+(150,000 - 161,000)²+(314,000 - 161,000)²+(-60,000 - 161,000)²]/3
= R59,800,000
Standard deviation = √59,800,000
= R7,732.23.
Coefficient of variation = (7,732.23/161,000)*100%
= 4.8%
4.2 Explanation of the results obtained in 4.1 and recommendation for Trent's management:
Project X has a higher expected return with R242,000 compared to Project Y's R161,000.Project Y has a higher standard deviation with R7,732.23 compared to Project X's R4,753.68.Project X has a lower coefficient of variation at 1.96% compared to Project Y's 4.8%.Therefore, Trent's management should select Project X as it has a higher expected return with a lower standard deviation and coefficient of variation compared to Project Y.
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Given sinθ=0.6239, find θ.
To find the value of θ when sin θ is given as 0.6239, we can use the inverse trigonometric function, arcsin or sin^-1. The value of θ is approximately 38.122 degrees.
To find the value of θ, we need to use the inverse trigonometric function, specifically arcsin or sin^-1. The arcsin function gives us the angle whose sine is equal to a given value.
Given sin θ = 0.6239, we can write it as θ = sin^-1(0.6239). This means we want to find the angle whose sine is 0.6239.
Using a scientific calculator or a trigonometric table, we can find the arcsine of 0.6239, which gives us the value of θ. In this case, the arcsine of 0.6239 is approximately 38.122 degrees when rounded to three decimal places.
Therefore, the value of θ is approximately 38.122 degrees.
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Shareholder/Stakeholder Capitalism ZoomGo Lid is a transport and logistics company. In the last 15 years, the company has grown from a start-up to a successful and profitable company with revenue in excess of 5100 m. The founders have decided to list the company's shares on the New Zealand slock exchange (NZX). After listing, the company's environmental practices will be closely scrutinised by investors. The two founders, Sharon and Bili, will stay as directors of ZoomGo (the listed company, or ListCo). Bill thinks the ListCo should be 100% focused on shareholder value maximisation and only spend the minimum amount of money to make climate-related disclosures required by the Now Zealand government and regulators. Sharon believes that the ListCo should be more proactive in managing its climate risk. This includes investing in green innovation projects. These projects are not likely to bring any immediate financial benefits, as well as being NPV negative based on reasonable cashflow projections and discount rate assumptions. She knows that it might be the right thing to do for the ListCo financJally. Reguired: Sharon needs your help to convince Bill. Your job is to help Sharon to come up with two good arguments to explain how shareholders could benefit from investments in green innovations.
Investing in green innovation projects offers not only long-term financial benefits but also positions the company as a sustainable and socially responsible organization.
These initiatives can lead to cost savings, improved competitiveness, and an enhanced brand image, ultimately benefiting the shareholders in both the short and long term.
Sharon can present the following arguments to convince Bill to invest in green innovation projects:
1. Long-term sustainability: Green innovation projects can contribute to the long-term sustainability of the company. By investing in renewable energy sources and reducing reliance on fossil fuels, the company can benefit both the environment and its business operations. Renewable energy options often offer cost advantages over traditional fossil fuels, leading to potential long-term cost savings for the company. This sustainable approach aligns with shareholder interests, as it promotes the company's resilience and competitiveness in the evolving market.
2. Positive brand image: Investing in green innovation projects can enhance the company's brand image and reputation. In today's business landscape, customers value companies that demonstrate environmental responsibility and social consciousness. By showcasing a commitment to sustainability, the company can attract a larger customer base, which can directly contribute to increased revenue and profits. Improving the company's brand image aligns with shareholder interests by fostering customer loyalty and ensuring long-term market relevance.
In summary, investing in green innovation projects offers not only long-term financial benefits but also positions the company as a sustainable and socially responsible organization. These initiatives can lead to cost savings, improved competitiveness, and an enhanced brand image, ultimately benefiting the shareholders in both the short and long term.
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The focus of this forum discussion is on the role of Information technology in helping to mitigate the pandemic crisis (e.g., COVID-19). The topic of interest includes but not limited to 1) the role data analytics (AI, machine learning, data visualization) in predicting the outbreak 2) IT-enabled resource allocation and management 3) Social media awareness or negative side of social media (e.g., misinformation) 4) Information and communication technology capabilities (e.g., Teleworking capabilities, Online learning capabilities, etc.)
The COVID-19 pandemic has had a significant impact on various sectors, including healthcare, transportation, and commerce. Information technology has played a critical role in mitigating the pandemic crisis by enabling a quick response.
The discussion on the role of Information technology in helping to mitigate the pandemic crisis involves data analytics, IT-enabled resource allocation and management, social media awareness, and information and communication technology capabilities.
1) Data Analytics (AI, Machine Learning, Data Visualization) in Predicting OutbreaksThe use of data analytics in predicting outbreaks has become more prevalent in recent years. By analyzing data patterns, AI and machine learning can help healthcare workers and policymakers predict outbreaks, identify at-risk populations, and devise mitigation strategies. Furthermore, data visualization can help in the communication of complex data, making it easier to interpret and act upon.
2) IT-Enabled Resource Allocation and Management IT-enabled resource allocation and management have played a critical role in managing the pandemic. By leveraging technologies such as GPS, RFID, and sensors, logistics companies and governments can monitor and track the movement of essential supplies, such as Personal Protective Equipment (PPE), and ensure that they are allocated to the areas that need them the most.
3) Social Media Awareness or Negative Side of Social Media (e.g., Misinformation)Social media awareness is also a crucial factor in mitigating the pandemic. Social media can be used to disseminate information and raise awareness of the virus. At the same time, it can also be used to spread misinformation, making it harder for individuals to make informed decisions.
4) Information and Communication Technology Capabilities (e.g., Teleworking Capabilities, Online Learning Capabilities, etc.)Information and communication technology capabilities have played a vital role in mitigating the pandemic crisis. Teleworking capabilities have enabled many individuals to work from home, reducing the spread of the virus. Similarly, online learning capabilities have enabled students to continue their studies even as schools and universities have closed down.
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On January 1, Manteca Company has decided to sell one of its batting cages. The initial
cost of the equipment was $215,000 with an accumulated depreciation of $185,000.
Depreciation taken up to the end of the year. The company found a company that is
willing to buy the equipment for $20,000. What is the amount of the gain or loss on this
transaction?
a. Gain of $20,000
b. Loss of $10,000
c. No gain or loss
d. Cannot be determined
The result is a loss of $10,000 on this transaction (option b). To determine the amount of gain or loss on the transaction, we need to compare the book value with the selling price.
To determine the amount of gain or loss on the transaction, we need to compare the book value of the equipment (net of accumulated depreciation) with the selling price. Book value = Initial cost - Accumulated depreciation; Book value = $215,000 - $185,000; Book value = $30,000. Since the selling price is $20,000, we can calculate the gain or loss by subtracting the selling price from the book value. Gain/Loss = Selling price - Book value.
Gain/Loss = $20,000 - $30,000. Gain/Loss = -$10,000. The result is a loss of $10,000 on this transaction (option b). The company will experience a loss of $10,000 when selling the equipment for $20,000, as the selling price is lower than the book value.
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Woodson Company issued long-term debt of 260 paid dividends of 10 and issued capital stock of 60. Cash flow from financing activities was Select one: a. 300 Ob. 310 O c. 320 O d. 330
Cash flow from financing activities is option b. $310.
Woodson Company's cash flow from financing activities can be calculated as follows:
Cash flow from financing activities = Long-term debt + Capital stock - Dividends paid
Given information:
Long-term debt = $260
Capital stock = $60
Dividends paid = $10
Substituting the values into the formula:
Cash flow from financing activities = $260 + $60 - $10
Cash flow from financing activities = $310
Therefore, the correct answer is option b. $310.
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The ration that indicates how many dollars of current assets exist for every current dollar in current liabilities is the Select one: O a. Gross margin O b. ROA Oc. Current O d. ROE
The ratio that indicates how many dollars of current assets exist for every current dollar in current liabilities is the Current ratio. The correct option is C.
What is a current ratio?Current Ratio is a financial measure that indicates a firm's capacity to fulfill its short-term obligations. It is calculated as the total current assets divided by the total current liabilities. The ratio assesses a company's financial health and how it can fulfill its short-term obligations. The higher the ratio, the higher the business's capacity to meet its current liabilities. Current Ratio = Current Assets/Current Liabilities.Where: Current Assets = Assets that can be easily converted into cash within a year, such as cash, inventories, accounts receivable, prepaid expenses.Current Liabilities = Liabilities that are due within one year, such as accounts payable, accrued salaries, taxes payable, and other short-term debts.The current ratio is usually interpreted as a liquidity ratio, and a ratio of 2:1 is seen as a reasonable benchmark for healthy liquidity.
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K enjoys traveling 1 (in trips) and eating meat r₂ (in kilograms). He is very rich and will never exhaust his income. He is environmentally conscious, however, and has set a fixed amount of emissions he may be responsible to be E = 2. Let s₁ = 1 be the emissions per trip and s2 = 1 denote the emissions per kilo of meat.
(a) Represent K's constraints and his chosen bundle (1.5; 0.5). (Hint: Think of total emissions as
income and the emission rate of different goods as their prices)
K's constraints can be represented by the fixed amount of emissions he may be responsible for, which is E = 2. This means that the total emissions he can produce must not exceed this value.
K's chosen bundle can be represented by the values (1.5; 0.5). This means that he has chosen to travel for 1.5 trips and consume 0.5 kilograms of meat.
To represent this in terms of emissions, we can calculate the total emissions produced by this bundle. The emissions per trip is s₁ = 1, and the emissions per kilo of meat is s₂ = 1. Therefore, the total emissions can be calculated as:
Total emissions = (emissions per trip) * (number of trips) + (emissions per kilo of meat) * (kilograms of meat consumed)
Total emissions = s₁ * 1.5 + s₂ * 0.5
Total emissions = 1 * 1.5 + 1 * 0.5
Total emissions = 1.5 + 0.5
Total emissions = 2
Since the total emissions produced by K's chosen bundle is equal to the fixed amount of emissions he may be responsible for (E = 2), his chosen bundle satisfies his constraints.
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It is sometimes argued that international trade agreements should be accompanied by a commitment that all participating countries adopt the same emissions standards. Why do you think that is? What are the pros and cons of this from an economic standpoint?
I need a different answer to the previous answers in relation to emission standard
International trade agreements being accompanied by a commitment that all participating countries adopt the same emissions standards can have both pros and cons from an economic standpoint.
Pros:
1. Level playing field: When all participating countries adopt the same emissions standards, it creates a level playing field for businesses across nations. This helps prevent unfair competition resulting from different environmental regulations in different countries.
2. Environmental benefits: Adopting the same emissions standards can lead to a reduction in global pollution levels. By ensuring that all countries abide by similar standards, it promotes sustainable practices and reduces the negative impact of emissions on the environment.
Cons:
1. Cost implications: Implementing the same emissions standards may require significant investments in infrastructure, technology, and compliance measures. This can impose additional costs on businesses and governments, potentially impacting economic growth and competitiveness.
2. Unequal burden: Different countries have different levels of economic development and capacity to meet stringent emissions standards. Imposing uniform standards may disproportionately burden less developed countries, hindering their ability to compete in the global market.
In conclusion, while committing for all participating countries to adopt the same emissions standards in international trade agreements promotes fairness and environmental benefits, it can also introduce economic challenges and uneven burden distribution among nations. The decision to implement such commitments should consider the specific context and capabilities of each country involved.
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MODULE 2:
The Martins know that setting up some projected Income Statements are important. They need to look at what the first year of operations might look like and if possible they will need to look at the years thereafter to get an impression of what the long term might look like.
RM Purchases: $132,000* (Raw Material Purchases is a part of COGS)
Sales Salaries: 80,000
Advertising: 3,000
Travel: 2,000
Revenue: 360,000
Financing Costs: 10,000
Office Lease: 13,000
Depreciation: 38,000
Income Taxes: 22,000
Admin Salary: 40,000
A second financial statement that is key to understanding a business is the Balance Sheet. The Martins have estimated the following accounts to be a part of their initial Balance Sheet.
Trade Receivables: $35,000
Cash: 15,000
Short Term Loan: 30,000
Share Capital: 100,000
Long Term Liabilities: 60,000
Property, Plant: 170,000
Prepaid Expenses: 5,000
Yearly LTD Retirement: 5,000
Retained Earnings: 25,000
Accumulated Dep’n: 38,000
Current Payables: 17,000
Inventories: 50,000
Q1: With the above accounts, prepare CompuTech’s Income Statement for the year ended, December 31, 2021.
Q2: With the above accounts, prepare CompuTech’s Balance Sheet as at December 31, 2021.
Q3: Which of the above accounts are FIXED, and which are VARIABLE?
Q4: What is the COGS for the year 2021?
The gross profit margin for CompuTech in 2021 is 63.33%, and the net profit margin is 20.28%.
Q1: CompuTech's Income Statement for the year ended December 31, 2021:
Revenue: $360,000
Cost of Goods Sold (COGS): $132,000
Gross Profit: $228,000
Sales Salaries: $80,000
Advertising: $3,000
Travel: $2,000
Total Operating Expenses: $85,000
Operating Profit (EBIT): $143,000
Depreciation: $38,000
Interest Expense: $10,000
Income Before Taxes: $95,000
Income Taxes: $22,000
Net Income: $73,000
In the given Income Statement, the revenue is $360,000, and the COGS is $132,000, resulting in a gross profit of $228,000. After deducting operating expenses and accounting for depreciation and interest expenses, the company's net income for the year 2021 is $73,000.
Q2: CompuTech's Balance Sheet as at December 31, 2021:
Assets:
Cash: $15,000
Trade Receivables: $35,000
Inventories: $50,000
Property, Plant: $170,000
Accumulated Depreciation: $38,000
Prepaid Expenses: $5,000
Total Assets: $277,000
Liabilities and Equity:
Current Payables: $17,000
Short-Term Loan: $30,000
Long-Term Liabilities: $60,000
Yearly LTD Retirement: $5,000
Share Capital: $100,000
Retained Earnings: $25,000
Total Liabilities and Equity: $277,000
CompuTech's Balance Sheet presents the company's financial position as of December 31, 2021. The assets include cash, trade receivables, inventories, property, plant, accumulated depreciation, and prepaid expenses, totaling $277,000. The liabilities consist of current payables, short-term loan, long-term liabilities, and yearly LTD retirement, while the equity is represented by share capital and retained earnings, resulting in a total of $277,000.
Q3: Among the above accounts, the fixed accounts include Property, Plant, Accumulated Depreciation, Long-Term Liabilities, Yearly LTD Retirement, Share Capital, and Retained Earnings. These accounts represent long-term assets, long-term liabilities, and equity, which tend to remain relatively stable over time. On the other hand, the variable accounts consist of Trade Receivables, Cash, Short-Term Loan, Current Payables, and Inventories. These accounts can fluctuate in the short term based on business activities, such as sales, purchases, and financial transactions.
Q4: The Cost of Goods Sold (COGS) for the year 2021 is $132,000. COGS represents the direct costs associated with producing the goods or services sold by a company. In this case, it includes Raw Material Purchases. By subtracting the COGS from the revenue of $360,000, we can determine the gross profit margin and evaluate the efficiency of the company's operations.
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Suppose a country's real GDP is $16 trillion and the population is 400 million. Instructions: Enter your answers as a whole number. a. What Is this country's real GDP per caplta? $ b. Suppose that during the next 10 years, real GDP triples and the population doubles. At the end of this 10 -year perlod, what will be lts real GDP per caplta? $
a) The country's real GDP per capita is $40,000. b) At the end of the 10-year period, the country's real GDP per capita will be $60,000.
What is Real GDP per Capital?a. To calculate the country's real GDP per capita, we divide the real GDP by the population:
Real GDP per capita = Real GDP / Population
Real GDP = $16 trillion
Population = 400 million
Real GDP per capita = $16 trillion / 400 million
Now, let's perform the calculation:
Real GDP per capita = $40,000
b. In this scenario, we are given that the real GDP triples and the population doubles over a 10-year period.
Real GDP after 10 years = 3 * $16 trillion = $48 trillion
Population after 10 years = 2 * 400 million = 800 million
To calculate the real GDP per capita after 10 years, we divide the real GDP by the population:
Real GDP per capita after 10 years = Real GDP after 10 years / Population after 10 years
Real GDP after 10 years = $48 trillion
Population after 10 years = 800 million
Real GDP per capita after 10 years = $48 trillion / 800 million
Now, let's perform the calculation:
Real GDP per capita after 10 years = $60,000
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Jack can purchase four round-trip tickets in any manner that allows him to leave Albuquerque and San Diego on the days indicated above. Jack likes to minimize the total cost. Draw a network flow model for this problem and implement the problem in Excel and solve it. I suggest you start with multiple-choice questions immediately. Those questions may give you some ideas regarding how to formulate this problem as a Network.
Which statement regarding the network is not true?
A. Four nodes to represent four dates leaving Albuquerque.
B. Four nodes to represent four dates leaving San Diego
C. Artificial supply of one at each node representing the date leaving Albuquerque.
D. Artificial demand of zero at each node representing the date leaving San Diego.
The statement that is not true regarding the network is option C. Artificial supply of one at each node representing the date leaving Albuquerque. Jack is trying to purchase four round-trip tickets that allow him to leave Albuquerque and San Diego on the days indicated above.
Jack wants to minimize the total cost. A network flow model needs to be drawn to solve this problem. Moreover, this problem needs to be implemented in Excel and then solved. It is recommended that you begin with multiple-choice questions immediately. The network flow model for this problem should include the following:
Nodes: There should be four nodes to represent each of the four dates for leaving Albuquerque. Similarly, there should be four nodes to represent each of the four dates for leaving San Diego.
Artificial supply of zero: There should be an artificial supply of zero at each node that represents the date leaving Albuquerque. Artificial demand of one: There should be an artificial demand of one at each node that represents the date leaving San Diego.
Costs: The costs of the links that correspond to the routes between Albuquerque and San Diego should be included in the network flow model. Artificial supply and demand are the way we handle unbalanced problems in a network flow model.
In conclusion, the statement that is not true regarding the network is option C. Artificial supply of one at each node representing the date leaving Albuquerque.
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Find an organization that has recently had to work through a crisis event. Provide the details of the event. Research and describe how the organization is recovering, what steps have been taken, and any changes made.
The crisis that has affected all organizations globally in recent times is the Covid-19 pandemic. Many companies have been forced to shut down or alter their operations due to lockdowns and strict health regulations. One such organization that has had to deal with this crisis is Marriott International.
Inc., the American multinational hotel chain. The crisis began in January 2020 when the Covid-19 outbreak started to spread globally. The organization was hit hard by the pandemic as hotel chains around the world were forced to close their doors to customers due to the lockdowns imposed by governments. The pandemic has forced many companies to cut costs to remain in operation, and Marriott has been no exception. Marriott has taken several steps to recover from the pandemic. The first step was to reduce the operating costs of the organization to remain profitable.
The company also started to implement new safety protocols in all its hotels and resorts to ensure the safety of its guests. Some of the measures included providing hand sanitizers in public areas and increasing the frequency of cleaning of high-touch surfaces. Another step taken by Marriott was to create an online platform to connect customers with its hotels. The platform was designed to offer better flexibility for customers who were unable to travel due to lockdowns. The platform allows customers to make reservations, change bookings, and access customer service online.
In conclusion, Marriott International Inc. has taken many steps to recover from the Covid-19 pandemic. It has reduced operating costs, implemented new safety protocols, created an online platform, and implemented a new marketing strategy. These steps have helped the organization to remain profitable while ensuring the safety of its guests.
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Need help creating questions for an interview of an accountant about business law for accountants:
You will identify a financial or accounting professional (e.g., a practicing CPA or an accountant working internally for a large organization (e.g., Fortune 1000 company, national non-profit organization, branch of the Armed Services, or a mega-church with membership over 1,500), whom you believe can share something with the class about some aspect of business law that they apply in their work.
You will set up an interview with an accounting professional who may be active or retired.
Interviews may be conducted in person, online, or over the phone.
The Interviews:
Identify yourself as an MSA student doing research and make it clear that you will take no more than 30 minutes of the accounting professional’s time.
Explain that you are in a business law class for accountants.
Tell your interviewee that you have identified him or her as a financial or accounting professional and that you wanted to find out a financial or accounting professional’s perspective of the importance of an understanding of business law to his or her professional work. Have a good reason (e.g., personal knowledge, an article you have read, testimony of subordinates, etc.)
Discuss some of the core academic concepts you have learned in the course. You can find a good list to get you started by looking at the textbook’s table of contents.
Be sure that you can contact your interviewee again to thank them and to ask them if you have any follow-up questions
Here are some questions you can ask during the interview:
1. Can you briefly introduce yourself and your role as an accountant in your organization?
2. How often do you encounter business law issues in your work as an accountant?
3. Can you provide an example of a specific business law concept or regulation that you frequently deal with?
4. How does having a good understanding of business law benefit you in your role as an accountant?
5. Have you ever encountered any legal challenges or disputes related to accounting practices? If so, how did you handle them?
6. In your opinion, what are some of the core academic concepts in business law that every accountant should be familiar with?
7. How do you stay updated on changes in business law regulations and requirements?
8. Can you share any tips or advice for aspiring accountants who are looking to develop their understanding of business law?
After the interview, thank the interviewee for their time and offer to follow up with any additional questions you may have.
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Instructions: write a 1-2 page paper surrounding one of the following:
1. Choose a popular topic that impacts managers in business and describe how managers could change it.
2. What is the most interesting information about the evolution of management?
Note: please provide source/reference for this paper in APA format.
Choose a popular topic that impacts managers in business and describe how managers could change it.Business managers are dealing with a diverse range of challenges and difficulties.
These challenges include attracting and maintaining top-performing talent These activities can help employees build their skills and confidence, and it can help them feel more engaged and committed to their work and the organization.In conclusion, employee engagement is a critical factor in the success of any business.
Managers who can create an environment that fosters engagement among employees will be more likely to attract and maintain top-performing talent, increase productivity, and achieve their organizational goals. By offering employee recognition and rewards and providing opportunities for growth and development, managers can help create a positive and productive work environment for everyone.
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Can you please help with this assigment?
VACATION POLICY
SCENARIO
Your organization is a floral supply company with employees in the following jurisdictions:
Manitoba
Prince Edward Island
Yukon
The organization is planning to implement a company-wide policy with respect to vacation leave and vacation pay that provides the same benefits to all employees, regardless of their province of employment. As the Payroll Supervisor, provide Cheryl Mark, the Director of Finance, with the following information:
Identify four specific items relating to vacation leave and vacation pay that will have to be addressed in the policy to ensure compliance with the employment/labour standards in each jurisdiction.
Research the details for each of the items you have identified using the course material and the employment/labour standards website for each jurisdiction.
Using the results of your research, provide your recommendations to Ms. Mark on how to address each of these items in the policy to provide the employees with the best benefit, while keeping the cost to the organization at a minimum. Explain your reasoning.
To ensure compliance with employment/labor standards in each jurisdiction, the vacation policy should address vacation entitlement, vacation pay calculation, vacation scheduling, and vacation carryover and payout.
In order to ensure compliance with employment/labor standards in each jurisdiction, the vacation policy should address the following four specific items:
Vacation Entitlement: The policy should clearly define the minimum vacation entitlement for employees in each jurisdiction. This includes the number of vacation days or weeks an employee is entitled to based on their length of service.
For example, in Manitoba, after one year of employment, employees are entitled to a minimum of two weeks' vacation, while in Prince Edward Island and Yukon, the entitlement is three weeks after eight and ten years of service, respectively.
To provide the best benefit to employees while minimizing costs, the policy could establish a standard vacation entitlement of three weeks for all employees, which meets or exceeds the minimum requirements in each jurisdiction.
Vacation Pay Calculation: The policy needs to specify how vacation pay is calculated for employees. Each jurisdiction has specific rules for vacation pay calculation, such as a percentage of earnings or a certain number of hours worked.
For instance, in Manitoba, employees are entitled to vacation pay equivalent to 4% of their total wages earned during the vacation entitlement year.
To streamline the process and minimize administrative complexity, the policy could adopt a standardized calculation method, such as a percentage of total wages, across all jurisdictions, ensuring fairness and consistency for all employees.
Vacation Scheduling: The policy should outline the process for scheduling vacations and address any notice requirements. It's essential to consider any jurisdiction-specific rules regarding vacation scheduling.
For example, in Prince Edward Island, employers must provide vacation at times requested by the employee unless there are valid business reasons.
To balance employee preferences and operational needs, the policy could establish a system where vacation requests are granted on a first-come, first-served basis, with consideration for business requirements.
Vacation Carryover and Payout: The policy should address whether unused vacation days can be carried over to the following year or if they will be paid out. Each jurisdiction may have its own regulations on the carryover or payout of unused vacation.
For instance, in Manitoba, employees can carry over up to one week of unused vacation, while in Prince Edward Island and Yukon, all unused vacation must be paid out.
To minimize costs, the policy could limit carryover to the minimum required by each jurisdiction, ensuring unused vacation does not accumulate excessively and incur additional liabilities for the organization.
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Surveys indicate that top contributors to job satisfaction are None of these choices competitive pay and fast career advancement O competitive pay and job security. Fast career advancement and job security organized management and fast career advancement,
Surveys indicate that the top contributors to job satisfaction are a combination of competitive pay, job security, and fast career advancement. Organized management is also a factor that contributes to job satisfaction.
According to surveys, the most significant contributors to job satisfaction include a combination of competitive pay, job security, and fast career advancement opportunities. Employees value being fairly compensated for their work and having opportunities for growth and advancement within the organization. Additionally, job security provides a sense of stability and reduces anxiety about potential layoffs or job loss. Finally, organized management plays a role in creating a positive work environment, effective communication, and efficient processes, which can enhance job satisfaction.
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\begin{tabular}{lll} Divergent & Extension & Normal \\ \hline Mid-Ocean Ridge (seafloor spreading) & Basaltic volcanism Shallow earthquakes High heat flow Bathymetric high \\ Continental Rifting (rifting) & Lasaltic volcanism Shallow earthquakes High heat flow Thinning crust Topographic low \end{tabular} \begin{tabular}{ccc} Transform Shear & Unchanged & Strike-slip \\ \hline Oceanic & Shallow earthquakes Fracture Zone \\ Continental & Unchanged & Shallow Earthquakes Offset features \end{tabular}
The given information describes various geological features and processes associated with plate tectonics. Here is a breakdown of the characteristics mentioned:
1. Divergent & Extension & Normal Mid-Ocean Ridge (seafloor spreading) & Basaltic volcanism:
- Occurs at mid-ocean ridges
- Involves the separation or divergence of tectonic plates
- Extension of the lithosphere leads to seafloor spreading
- Results in the eruption of basaltic lava and the formation of new oceanic crust
2. Shallow earthquakes:
- Earthquakes that occur at relatively shallow depths, often associated with plate boundaries or active tectonic zones
3. High heat flow:
- Refers to the transfer of heat from Earth's interior to the surface
- Often observed in areas of active tectonic activity, such as divergent plate boundaries or volcanic regions
4. Bathymetric high:
- A topographic feature characterized by higher elevation or depth in the ocean floor
5. Continental Rifting (rifting) & Basaltic volcanism:
- Occurs when a continent starts to split or rift apart
- Results in the formation of a rift valley and basaltic volcanism
- Often accompanied by shallow earthquakes and high heat flow
6. Thinning crust:
- Refers to the process of reducing the thickness of the Earth's crust
- Commonly observed in areas undergoing rifting or where tectonic plates are moving apart
7. Topographic low:
- A topographic feature characterized by lower elevation or depth
8. Transform Shear:
- Refers to the movement of tectonic plates along a transform boundary
- Dominated by horizontal or lateral displacement, often associated with strike-slip earthquakes
9. Unchanged:
- Indicates that the mentioned characteristic or process remains the same and does not undergo significant changes
10. Fracture Zone:
- A region of the Earth's crust where tectonic plates have undergone significant fracturing or displacement
- Often associated with transform boundaries and marked by offset features
11. Continental:
- Refers to landmasses or regions that are primarily composed of continental crust
12. Offset features:
- Geological features, such as mountains, valleys, or other landforms, that have been displaced or offset due to tectonic forces
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Carla Vista Corporation reported current assets of $3,493,000 on December 31,2020 , and $3,020,000 on December 31,2019. Current liabilities for the firm were $2,853,000 and $2,758.000 at the end of 2020 and 2019 , respectively. Compute the cash flow invested in net working capital at Carla Vista Corporation during 2020. Cash flowinvested in net working capital
The positive change in net working capital of $378,000 indicates that more cash was invested in net working capital during 2020 at Carla Vista Corporation.
The company increased its current assets or reduced its current liabilities during the year, resulting in a higher amount of working capital tied up in the business. To compute the cash flow invested in net working capital at Carla Vista Corporation during 2020, we need to calculate the change in net working capital between the two periods. Net working capital (NWC) is calculated as Current Assets minus Current Liabilities. NWC on December 31, 2020 = $3,493,000 - $2,853,000 = $640,000. NWC on December 31, 2019 = $3,020,000 - $2,758,000 = $262,000. Change in NWC = NWC 2020 - NWC 2019 = $640,000 - $262,000 = $378,000. The positive change in net working capital of $378,000 indicates that more cash was invested in net working capital during 2020 at Carla Vista Corporation.
This means that the company increased its current assets (such as cash, accounts receivable, inventory) or reduced its current liabilities (such as accounts payable) during the year, resulting in a higher amount of working capital tied up in the business.
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GROUP FINANCIAL STATEMENTS [20 MARKS] 5.1. Identify five (5) scenarios where intragroup transactions could be eliminated (5 marks) 5.2. On 1 January 2020 Company A acquired a 70% controlling interest the ordinary share capital of Company
Intragroup transactions can be eliminated in various scenarios, including when a subsidiary buys and resells goods from the parent company, when a parent company pays interest to its subsidiary, when a subsidiary sells goods to the parent company for external resale, when intercompany sales occur between subsidiaries, and when a parent company acquires a subsidiary.
Prepare the consolidated statement of financial position of Company A and its subsidiary as at 31 December 2020.
To prepare the consolidated statement of financial position, the financial statements of Company A and its subsidiary (Company B) need to be combined. The values of the subsidiary's assets, liabilities, equity, and income need to be adjusted to reflect the ownership and control of Company A.
Explain the concept of goodwill and how it is treated in the consolidated financial statements.
Goodwill is the excess of the cost of acquisition over the fair value of the identifiable net assets of the subsidiary. It represents the intangible value associated with the acquired subsidiary, such as brand reputation, customer relationships, and synergies. Goodwill is recognized as an intangible asset on the consolidated statement of financial position. It is tested for impairment annually, and any impairment losses are recognized in the consolidated income statement.
Calculate the gain on bargain purchase.
The gain on bargain purchase is the difference between the fair value of the net assets acquired and the cost of acquisition. In this case, the fair value of the identifiable net assets of Company B is $250,000 ($200,000 issued share capital + $50,000 reserves). The fair value of the non-controlling interest is $20,000. Therefore, the total fair value of the net assets is $270,000. The cost of acquisition for Company A's 70% controlling interest in Company B is $140,000. The gain on bargain purchase is calculated as $270,000 - $140,000 = $130,000. This gain is recognized in the consolidated income statement in the year of acquisition.
That's how the concept of goodwill can be explained, and the gain on bargain purchase can be calculated for Company A and its subsidiary.
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How would you build in more outcomes that are of value to you?
When you are not being recognized and informed in your current
business as an HR specialist.
What can you do to gain your opportunity for
When you are an HR specialist, it can be frustrating when you feel like you are not being recognized or informed enough within your organization.there are several things you can do to gain more opportunities and build in outcomes that are of value to you.
Firstly, try to identify areas within your organization where you can make a difference. Look for projects or initiatives that align with your strengths and interests, and where you can add value. This might involve networking with colleagues, attending company events, or volunteering for committees or projects that interest you. This will help you to build your profile within the organization and demonstrate your value as an HR specialist. Secondly, be proactive in seeking out opportunities for professional development.
Attend industry conferences, workshops, and training sessions to keep up to date with the latest trends and best practices in HR. This will not only help you to build your skills and knowledge, but it will also demonstrate to your employer that you are committed to your profession and are interested in developing your career.Thirdly, try to build relationships with key stakeholders within your organization. This might include department heads, managers, or executives. By developing these relationships, you will be better positioned to influence decision-making and drive positive change within your organization. Additionally, by building your network, you will be more likely to hear about new opportunities for growth and development.
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Coca Cola just conducted a $5.3 million ad campaign. In order to gage the effectiveness of the campaign, CocaCola's economists calculated the cross price elasticity of demand between Coke and Pepsi. Which of the following combinations would indicate that the campaign was successful: From 0.9 to 0.3. From 0.9 to 1.1. From −0.5 to −0.2. From −0.7 to −2.0 What is the effect in the market for Chobani yogurt of a simultancous increase in income and price of milk rises? If demand shifts by a greater amount than supply shifts, then what happens to equilibrium price and quantity of Choban? quantity is indeterminate and price falls price falls and quantity falls price is indeterminate and quantity falls price rises and quantity falls Suppose at a price of $6 and at a price of $10, Jon Snow purchases 30 units of Coca-Cola. Given this information, we know that Jon's entire demand curve for Coca-Cola is unit elastic. Jon's demand for Coca-Cola is perfectly elastic between the prices of $6 and $10. Jon's entire demand curve for Coca-Cola is inelastic. Jon's demand for Coca-Cola is perfectly inelastic between the prices of $6 and $10. Suppose that the price of digital clocks falls from $15 to $12, its quantity demanded rises from 1,300 to 1,600 units. Using the midpoint formula, the price elasticity of demand for digital clocks is 1.2 −.95 .95 1.05
1: The combination indicating a successful ad campaign is from 0.9 to 1.1. The correct answer is B). 2: When income and milk price increase, equilibrium price rises, and quantity falls for Chobani yogurt. 3: Jon's entire demand curve for Coca-Cola is perfectly inelastic between prices $6 and $10. 4: The price elasticity of demand for digital clocks is approximately -0.93 using the midpoint formula. The correct answer is B).
Part 1:
To determine the effectiveness of the ad campaign, we need to compare the cross price elasticity of demand between Coke and Pepsi before and after the campaign. The combinations given are:
a) From 0.9 to 0.3
b) From 0.9 to 1.1
c) From −0.5 to −0.2
d) From −0.7 to −2.0
To indicate a successful campaign, we are looking for a decrease in the cross price elasticity of demand. So, the combination that indicates the campaign was successful is:
b) From 0.9 to 1.1 (decrease from 0.9 to 1.1). The correct option is B).
Part 2:
When there is a simultaneous increase in income and the price of milk rises, the effect on the market for Chobani yogurt will depend on the magnitude of the shifts in demand and supply. If demand shifts by a greater amount than supply, the equilibrium price of Chobani yogurt will increase, and the equilibrium quantity will decrease.
So, the correct answer is: price rises and quantity falls.
Part 3:
Given that Jon Snow purchases 30 units of Coca-Cola at a price of $6 and at a price of $10, we can calculate the elasticity of Jon's demand for Coca-Cola.
Using the midpoint formula, we can calculate the price elasticity of demand as follows:
Price elasticity of demand = [(Q2 - Q1) / ((Q2 + Q1) / 2)] / [(P2 - P1) / ((P2 + P1) / 2)]
Using the given information:
Q1 = 30 units
Q2 = 30 units
P1 = $6
P2 = $10
Substituting the values into the formula:
Price elasticity of demand = [(30 - 30) / ((30 + 30) / 2)] / [($10 - $6) / (($10 + $6) / 2)]
Simplifying the equation:
Price elasticity of demand = [(0) / (60 / 2)] / [($4) / (16 / 2)]
Price elasticity of demand = 0 / 2 / 4
Price elasticity of demand = 0
Therefore, Jon's entire demand curve for Coca-Cola is perfectly inelastic between the prices of $6 and $10.
Part 4:
To calculate the price elasticity of demand for digital clocks using the midpoint formula, we use the following information:
Price change: $15 to $12
Quantity change: 1,300 to 1,600 units
Using the formula:
Price elasticity of demand = [(Q2 - Q1) / ((Q2 + Q1) / 2)] / [(P2 - P1) / ((P2 + P1) / 2)]
Substituting the values:
Price elasticity of demand = [(1,600 - 1,300) / ((1,600 + 1,300) / 2)] / [($12 - $15) / (($12 + $15) / 2)]
Simplifying the equation:
Price elasticity of demand = [(300) / (2,900 / 2)] / [(-$3) / ($27 / 2)]
Price elasticity of demand = (300 / 1,450) / (-3 / 13.5)
Price elasticity of demand = 0.2069 / (-0.2222)
Price elasticity of demand ≈ -0.93
Therefore, the price elasticity of demand for digital clocks is approximately -0.93. The correct option is B).
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--The given question is incomplete, the complete question is given below "Coca Cola just conducted a $5.3 million ad campaign. In order to gage the effectiveness of the campaign, CocaCola's economists calculated the cross price elasticity of demand between Coke and Pepsi. Which of the following combinations would indicate that the campaign was successful: From 0.9 to 0.3. From 0.9 to 1.1. From −0.5 to −0.2. From −0.7 to −2.0 What is the effect in the market for Chobani yogurt of a simultancous increase in income and price of milk rises? If demand shifts by a greater amount than supply shifts, then what happens to equilibrium price and quantity of Choban? quantity is indeterminate and price falls price falls and quantity falls price is indeterminate and quantity falls price rises and quantity falls Suppose at a price of $6 and at a price of $10, Jon Snow purchases 30 units of Coca-Cola. Given this information, we know that Jon's entire demand curve for Coca-Cola is unit elastic. Jon's demand for Coca-Cola is perfectly elastic between the prices of $6 and $10. Jon's entire demand curve for Coca-Cola is inelastic. Jon's demand for Coca-Cola is perfectly inelastic between the prices of $6 and $10. Suppose that the price of digital clocks falls from $15 to $12, its quantity demanded rises from 1,300 to 1,600 units. Using the midpoint formula, the price elasticity of demand for digital clocks is 1.2 −.93 .93 1.05 "--
At Leticia's Delicatessen, Leticia has noticed that the elasticity of customers differed in the short and long term. She has also noticed that an increase in the price of sandwiches has other effects on her store. In particular, the number of sodas sold has declined while the number of yogurts sold has gone up. Therefore, sodas must be while yogurts must be A) normal goods: inferior goods. B) inferior goods: normal goods. C) substitutes of sandwiches; complements of sandwiches; D) complements of sandwiches; substitutes of sandwiches.
The correct answer is D) Complements of sandwiches; substitutes of sandwiches.
Based on the information provided, the number of sodas sold has declined while the number of yogurts sold has gone up when the price of sandwiches increased. This indicates that sodas and sandwiches are complements, while yogurts and sandwiches are substitutes. Leticia noticed that when the price of sandwiches increased, the number of sodas sold declined while the number of yogurts sold went up. This indicates a change in consumer behavior in response to the price change. Based on this, we can conclude that sodas and yogurts have different relationships with sandwiches.
Sodas have experienced a decrease in demand when the price of sandwiches increased, which suggests that sodas and sandwiches are likely complements. When the price of sandwiches goes up, customers are less likely to purchase sodas along with their sandwiches.
On the other hand, the increase in the number of yogurts sold when the price of sandwiches increased suggests that yogurts and sandwiches are substitutes. Customers may be choosing yogurts as an alternative to sandwiches when the sandwich prices become relatively higher.
Therefore, the correct answer is D) Complements of sandwiches; substitutes of sandwiches.
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Within Westrum's typology of organizational cultures, organizations are rated as pathological, bureaucratic, or generative, based on how they respond to... negative safety information government regulators accepted industry standards quality control inspections
Westrum's typology of organizational cultures is based on how organizations respond to negative safety information, and they are classified as pathological, bureaucratic, or generative.
In pathological organizations, those who raise safety concerns are viewed as troublemakers, and safety-related information is ignored or suppressed. Such organizations prioritize power and personal gain over safety and accountability.Bureaucratic organizations are characterized by rigid structures, procedures, and rules, as well as a tendency to rely on hierarchy for decision-making.
Safety-related information in these organizations is usually siloed, and safety procedures and measures are prioritized for the sake of compliance rather than risk reduction. The industry standards offer guidelines and best practices for the organization to follow to ensure that they offer the best services and products and maintain high safety standards.
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How can alignment be built through inspiration?
Alignment can be built through inspiration by aligning the goals and values of the organization with those of the employees. When employees are inspired, they are more likely to work together and achieve their objectives.
This can lead to increased productivity and profitability for the organization.The first step in building alignment through inspiration is to create a clear vision for the organization. The vision should be inspiring and should motivate employees to work towards a common goal. This can be done through regular communication of the vision and by providing employees with the tools and resources they need to achieve it.
Another way to build alignment through inspiration is to develop a strong culture of innovation. In conclusion, alignment can be built through inspiration by aligning the goals and values of the organization with those of the employees, developing a culture of innovation, and recognizing and rewarding employees for their contributions. By doing so, organizations can increase productivity and profitability while creating a positive and motivated work environment.
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Why is agriculture so important? Explain why and write some reasons why agriculture is more complicated than a traditional business.
thank you!!
Agriculture is important for various reasons, and it plays a vital role in human survival. Agriculture refers to the practice of cultivating land, producing food, and rearing animals for food or other uses.
It is a primary source of livelihood for millions of people around the world. Agricultural activities provide us with food, feed, fiber, and fuel. Agriculture contributes significantly to the economy of most countries.Agriculture is more complicated than traditional businesses in many ways.
For starters, agricultural businesses are highly dependent on natural resources like water, soil, and climate. These resources vary considerably across the world and even within a country, making agricultural operations more complicated. Agricultural businesses also have to contend with the uncertainties of weather patterns, crop diseases, and pest infestations.
Additionally, farmers have to keep up with changing regulations, technological advancements, and market trends. Some of the reasons why agriculture is so important include:1. Food securityAgriculture provides us with the food we eat. Without agriculture, we wouldn't have enough food to feed the world's population.
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The topic for a discussion is:
1. How I am keeping my sanity during the pandemic.?
The topic for a discussion is how to keep your sanity during the pandemic. A pandemic is a disease epidemic that has spread to various nations or continents.
The COVID-19 pandemic is one of the most dangerous pandemics of our lifetime.The pandemic has impacted people's daily lives in various ways, including job loss, financial instability, social distancing, and other issues. Maintaining one's sanity during these trying times can be challenging, but it is essential.
Below are some of the ways that people have used to keep their sanity during the pandemic:
Limit news consumption: The news is overwhelming with COVID-19 updates every day, making it challenging to keep up. It's vital to stay informed, but it's equally important not to obsess over the news and to set limits on consumption.
Keeping a routine: It's important to create a routine, including regular sleeping and eating patterns, working from home, and taking time to relax and enjoy leisure activities.
Connecting with loved ones: The pandemic can be lonely and isolating. However, it's important to stay in touch with loved ones via phone, text, video chat, or social media.
Engage in physical activity: Exercise releases endorphins, which can improve mood and overall wellbeing. Physical activity can also be a great way to spend time outdoors while still adhering to social distancing guidelines.
Practice self-care: Practicing self-care, such as meditation, deep breathing, or taking a relaxing bath, can help reduce stress and promote relaxation.
Finally, maintaining one's sanity during the pandemic is critical. Everyone copes differently, so it's essential to find what works best for you.
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Which of the following best explains why an excessively high quick ratio would be viewed unfavourably? It suggests the entity is exposed to a high level of risk. It suggests the entity has excessive receivables which suggests the entity is poor at generating cash from its sales. It suggests the entity is holding excessive amounts of cash that represents an idle asset. All of these explain why an excessively high quick ratio would be viewed unfavourably. It suggests the entity has excessive inventory which is a sign of an inefficient operating strategy.
Quick ratio is a liquidity metric used to determine a company's short-term solvency by evaluating its quick assets relative to its current liabilities.
A quick ratio that is too high may be viewed unfavorably by investors for a variety of reasons, including that it suggests the company is exposed to a high level of risk.The quick ratio is a measure of a company's short-term solvency, which means its ability to meet its short-term liabilities with cash or cash equivalents.
The following reasons explain why an excessively high quick ratio would be viewed unfavorably:
It suggests the entity is exposed to a high level of risk: An excessively high quick ratio indicates that the company has a large amount of current assets that are not being utilized effectively, which may be seen as a sign of risk because the company may not be able to turn these assets into cash quickly when needed.It suggests the entity has excessive receivables, which suggests the entity is poor at generating cash from its sales: An excessively high quick ratio may indicate that the company has a large number of receivables that it is unable to collect in a timely manner, which may suggest that it is inefficient at generating cash from its sales.It suggests the entity is holding excessive amounts of cash that represents an idle asset: If a company has a large amount of cash on hand, it may be viewed as inefficient or lazy because it is not investing its cash in a way that will produce returns for the company.Know more about the quick ratio
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Give me two examples of training obstacles for an organization..
Explain the warm body syndrome in recruitment and selection.
What is the purpose of a position analysis?
What is a task breakdown?
Why does an organization use performance standards?
What is meant by the term jargon?
Training obstacles refer to challenges that organizations may encounter when training their employees. Two examples of training obstacles for an organization are lack of resources and lack of motivation.
Warm Body Syndrome is a phenomenon in recruitment and selection that refers to the practice of hiring people without giving much consideration to their qualifications or suitability for the job. Organizations that practice this approach end up hiring people who do not have the skills or experience necessary for the job.
An organization uses performance standards to measure employee performance and to set expectations for employee performance. Performance standards help to ensure that employees are aware of what is expected of them and that they are working towards meeting those expectations.
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B ipped Book Prim erences Problem 8-12 Variable and Absorption Costing Unit Product Costs and Income Statements; Explanation of Difference in Operating Income [LO1, LO2, LO3] Coverall Inc. produces and sells a unique type of case for a standard-size tablet computer that is guaranteed waterproof but still allows for regular functionality of the tablet. The company has just opened a new plant to manufacture these cases, and the following cost and revenue data have been provided for the first month of the plant's operation in the form of a worksheet:
Variable costing and absorption costing differ in how fixed manufacturing overhead costs are treated. Variable costing considers fixed overhead costs as period expenses, while absorption costing allocates them to units of production.
Variable costing and absorption costing are two different methods used to allocate manufacturing costs to units of production. The main difference between the two lies in how fixed manufacturing overhead costs are treated.
In variable costing, only variable manufacturing costs (such as direct materials, direct labor, and variable overhead) are considered product costs. Fixed manufacturing overhead costs are treated as period costs and are expensed in the period incurred.
This means that fixed overhead costs are not allocated to individual units of production but are rather treated as a cost of doing business for the entire period. Consequently, the unit product cost under variable costing only includes variable costs.
On the other hand, absorption costing considers both variable and fixed manufacturing costs as product costs. Fixed manufacturing overhead costs are allocated to units of production based on a predetermined overhead rate.
This rate is typically calculated by dividing the estimated total fixed overhead costs by the estimated level of activity, such as direct labor hours or machine hours. Consequently, under absorption costing, the unit product cost includes both variable and fixed costs.
The difference in treatment of fixed manufacturing overhead costs between variable and absorption costing can lead to variations in reported income.
This is because fixed overhead costs that are expensed in the period under variable costing are treated as part of the cost of inventory under absorption costing. As a result, the income statements prepared under the two costing methods will differ in the amount of fixed overhead costs recognized as expenses.
When units are sold, the difference in treatment of fixed manufacturing overhead costs also affects the income statements. Under variable costing, only variable costs are recognized as expenses when a unit is sold. In contrast, absorption costing recognizes both variable and fixed costs as expenses when a unit is sold.
As a result, the difference between the reported operating incomes under the two costing methods is primarily influenced by the level of ending inventory.
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Which of the following conditions have to be met for the consumer to be in equilibrium? [I]: The combination of goods purchased is affordable. [II]: Weighted marginal utilities of the different goods are the same. [III]: The per-unit prices of the goods must not be the same.
A. [I] and [III] only
B. [I] and [II] only
C. [I], [II] and [III]
D. [II] and [III] only
E. None of the above
The conditions that have to be met for the consumer to be in equilibrium are [I] and [II] only.What is consumer equilibrium? Consumer equilibrium refers to the situation where a consumer's budget is allocated among the goods and services that give them the greatest level of satisfaction or utility.
When a consumer purchases a combination of goods and services that brings them the highest possible level of happiness, they are said to be in equilibrium. Consumer equilibrium is determined by comparing the total satisfaction that can be derived from a commodity to its price. The combination of the two that yields the greatest amount of satisfaction while still being affordable is referred to as consumer equilibrium. What are the conditions for consumer equilibrium? For consumer equilibrium to be achieved, two conditions must be met: Budget constraint (the combination of goods purchased is affordable)The weighted marginal utilities of the different goods are the same. The per-unit prices of the goods must not be the same as it has no impact on consumer equilibrium. Therefore, the correct option is [B] [I] and [II] only.
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