Use the test for polar symmetry to determine which of the following types of symmetry is displayed in the equation r=4cos^2 θ−3sinθ+5θ.
Select the correct answer below:


θ=π/2
polar axis
pole
none

Answers

Answer 1

Answer: The Answer is NONE

Step-by-step explanation:

The test for polar symmetry is to replace θ with −θ and check if the equation remains the same. If it does, then the polar equation is symmetric about the polar axis. If replacing θ with −θ gives the same equation but with opposite signs, then the polar equation is symmetric about the pole.

Let's apply this test to the given equation:

r = 4cos^2 θ − 3sinθ + 5θ

Replacing θ with −θ, we get:

r = 4cos^2(−θ) − 3sin(−θ) + 5(−θ)

r = 4cos^2 θ + 3sinθ − 5θ

Since the two equations are not the same, we can conclude that the polar equation does not have polar symmetry about the pole or the polar axis.

Therefore, the answer is "none".


Related Questions

PLEASE SOMEONE HELP ME DO THIS MATH PROBLEM

i am having a mental breakdown rnn :(.

Answers

Check the picture below.

Hypothesis testing question.

From a sample of 30 patients, Divoc Health Group found that the mean days for a patient to discharge is 25 days. The hospitalization duration was assumed to follow a normal distribution. Last year, the mean days for a patient to discharge was 20 days with a standard deviation of 5 days. Divoc Health Group suspects that the mean days for a patient to discharge has increased because of Covid-19 cases and other health-related issues. Divoc Health Group decides to carry out a hypothesis test.

a) State the null and alternative hypotheses.

b) At a 5% significance level, is there sufficient evidence to conclude that the mean days for a patient to discharge has increased? Show all steps clearly. [Express your answers up to 3 decimal places]

Based on the information, Divoc Health Group now samples an additional 10 clients. The mean days for a patient to discharge were 22 days.

c) Using the new information, construct a 95% confidence interval for the mean days for a patient to discharge. [Express your answers up to 3 decimal places]

d) What is the minimum sample size required if Divoc Health Group wants to estimate the mean days for a patient to discharge to within 2 days of error with a 99% confidence?

Answers

a) Null: Mean = 20 days; Alt: Mean > 20 days. b) supported by t-value 6.708 > critical value at α=0.05. c) 95% confidence interval for mean patient discharge time is between 20.528 and 23.472 days, d) 99% confidence, a minimum sample size of 67 patients is required.

a) The null hypothesis is that the mean days for a patient to discharge is still 20 days, while the alternative hypothesis is that the mean days for a patient to discharge has increased and is now greater than 20 days.

Null hypothesis: 0:  = 20

Alternative hypothesis: 1:  > 20

b) We can use a one-sample t-test to test the hypothesis. We will use a significance level of 0.05.

The test statistic is given by:

t = (x - ) / (s / √n)

where x is the sample mean,  is the hypothesized population mean, s is the sample standard deviation, and n is the sample size.

Here, x = 25,  = 20, s = 5, and n = 30. Plugging these values into the formula, we get:

t = (25 - 20) / (5 / √30) = 6.708

The degrees of freedom (df) for the t-distribution is n - 1 = 29. Using a t-table or calculator, the p-value for a one-tailed test with df = 29 and t = 6.708 is < 0.0001.

Since the p-value is less than the significance level of 0.05, we reject the null hypothesis. There is sufficient evidence to conclude that the mean days for a patient to discharge has increased.

c) To construct a 95% confidence interval for the mean days for a patient to discharge, we use the formula:

CI = x ± tα/2 * (s/√n)

where x is the sample mean, s is the sample standard deviation, n is the sample size, and tα/2 is the critical value for a t-distribution with df = n-1 and α = 0.05/2 = 0.025.

Here, x = 22, s = 5, and n = 40 (30 from the first sample + 10 from the second sample). The critical value for tα/2 with df = 39 is 2.022.

Plugging these values into the formula, we get:

CI = 22 ± 2.022 * (5/√40) = (20.528, 23.472)

Therefore, we can be 95% confident that the true mean days for a patient to discharge is between 20.528 and 23.472 days.

d) To find the minimum sample size required to estimate the mean days for a patient to discharge to within 2 days of error with a 99% confidence, we use the formula:

n = (zα/2 * s / E)²

where zα/2 is the critical value for a z-distribution with α = 0.01/2 = 0.005, s is the sample standard deviation (which we assume is the same as before, i.e., s = 5), and E is the desired margin of error (which is 2 days).

Plugging in the values, we get:

n = (2.576 * 5 / 2)² = 66.18

Therefore, the minimum sample size required is 67 patients.

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1. Which is the best estimate of
7,625,750,263?
A 7x1010
B 7x10⁹
C 8x10 to power of 10
D 8x10⁹

Answers

The best estimate of 7,625,750,263 is 7x10⁹. So the correct option is B.

The given number is 7,625,750,263.

To express the above number in words, it is "seven billion six hundred twenty-five million seven hundred fifty thousand two hundred sixty-three". So, the given value ultimately has a billion value.

To find the correct answer let's see the given options and eliminate each one to find the correct answer. Option A is 7 x 1010 = 7070 which is not even coming to a close, so option A is eliminated.

Let's see the second option which is 7x10⁹ which is 7000000000, which is 7 billion. So, option B is very near to the answer.

Let's see the third option which is 8x10¹⁰ which is 80 billion, it is not an estimated value. So, it is also eliminated and the final option is 8x10⁹ which is 8 billion which is also high value So, it is also eliminated.

From the above analysis, we can conclude that the best estimated value for 7,625,750,263 is 7x10⁹ which is option B.

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Determine the equation of the circle with center (6,-2)containing the point (14,6).

Answers

Answer:

  (x -6)² +(y +2)² = 128

Step-by-step explanation:

You want the equation of the circle centered at (6, -2) through point (14, 6).

Circle equation

The equation of a circle with center (h, k) and radius r is ...

  (x -h)² +(y -k)² = r²

For center (h, k) = (6, -2), we can find the value of r² knowing that it will be the value that lets the point (14, 6) satisfy the equation.

  (14 -6)² +(6 -(-2))² = r² = 8² +8² = 128

The circle equation is ...

  (x -6)² +(y +2)² = 128

What does the circled portion represent in the confidence interval formula?
p±z.
O Sample proportion
O Margin of error
p(1-p)
n
Confidence interval
O Sample Size

Answers

The circled portion in the confidence interval formula p ± z represents the Margin of Error, which plays a crucial role in interpreting the range of plausible values for the population parameter.

In the confidence interval formula p ± z, the circled portion represents the Margin of Error.

The Margin of Error is a critical component of a confidence interval and quantifies the level of uncertainty in the estimate.

It indicates the range within which the true population parameter is likely to fall based on the sample data.

The Margin of Error is calculated by multiplying the critical value (z) by the standard deviation of the sampling distribution.

The critical value is determined based on the desired level of confidence, often denoted as (1 - α), where α is the significance level or the probability of making a Type I error.

The Margin of Error accounts for the variability in the sample and provides a measure of the precision of the estimate.

It reflects the trade-off between the desired level of confidence and the width of the interval.

A larger Margin of Error indicates a wider confidence interval, implying less precision and more uncertainty in the estimate.

Conversely, a smaller Margin of Error leads to a narrower confidence interval, indicating higher precision and greater certainty in the estimate.

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Eve works out every 6 days and Jenna
works out every 4 days. If both Eve and
Jenna work out today, how many days will it
be until they work out on the same day
again?

Answers

In 12 days, both Eve and Jenna will work out on the same day again.

Calculating the number of days to work out again

To find the number of days until Eve and Jenna work out on the same day again, we need to find the least common multiple (LCM) of 6 and 4.

One way to find the LCM is to list the multiples of each number until we find a multiple that they have in common:

Multiples of 6: 6, 12, 18, 24, 30, 36, 42, 48, 54, 60, 66, ...

Multiples of 4: 4, 8, 12, 16, 20, 24, 28, 32, 36, 40, 44, 48, ...

From this list, we see that the least common multiple of 6 and 4 is 12.

This means that in 12 days, both Eve and Jenna will work out on the same day again.

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Math homework assignment

Answers

The finance charge for Sandra Lazzaro, using the average daily balance method, is $13.63.

What is the Average Daily Balance Method?

The average daily balance is one of the methods for computing the finance charges (interest and other fees).

The average daily balance method uses the balance owed at the end of each day of the billing period, and not the balance owed at the end of the week, month, or year.

Billing period for the credit card = 31 days

Unpaid credit card balance = $750

Payment made three days before month-end = $600

Finance charge rate per month = 2.2%

Method = Average daily balance

Day        Description    Amount    Average Balance

1 - 28     Balance           $750       $21,000 ($750 x 28 days)

29 - 31   Payment        -$600       $-1,800 ($600 x 3 days)

31           Total                              $19,200

Average daily balance = $619.35 ($19,200 ÷ 31)

Finance charge = $13.63 ($619.35 x 2.2%)

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Can you help me answer this question?

Answers

The constant of proportionality of the line is slope m = 2/3

Given data ,

Let the line be represented as A

Now , the value of A is

Let the point on the straight line be P ( 2 , 3 )

Now , from the proportionality , we get

y = kx

Divide by x on both sides , we get

k = y/x

So , the slope of the line is k

k = 2/3

Hence , the proportion is y = ( 2/3 )x

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Angle 3 is 120°.
What is the
measure of 25?
m45 = [?]°
Answer in degrees.
[?]°
1/2
4/3= 120°
5/6
8 7
Enter

Answers

Answer:

angle 5 is 120 since there is Z shape with angle 3

Please help with these two equations, and please show work as well, thank you!

Answers

The simplified polynomial for the area and perimeter of the rectangles are:

13). Area = 5x² + 40, Perimeter = 12x + 16

14). Area = x² + 10x + 12, Perimeter = 4x + 20

How to evaluate for the area and perimeter of the rectangles

Area of rectangle = Length × Width

Perimeter of rectangle = 2(Length + Width)

13). Area of the rectangle = 5x × (x + 8)

Area of the rectangle = 5x² + 40

Perimeter of the rectangle = 2[5x + (x + 8)]

Perimeter of the rectangle = 2(6x + 8)

Perimeter of the rectangle = 12x + 16

12). Area of the rectangle = (x + 3)(x + 7)

Area of the rectangle = x² + 7x + 3x + 21

Area of the rectangle = x² + 10x + 21

Perimeter of the rectangle = 2[(x + 3) + (x + 7)]

Perimeter of the rectangle = 2(2x + 10)

Perimeter of the rectangle = 4x + 20.

Therefore, the simplified polynomial for the area and perimeter of the rectangles are:

13). Area = 5x² + 40, Perimeter = 12x + 16

14). Area = x² + 10x + 12, Perimeter = 4x + 20

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Select all the equations that have no real solutions.
A. 2x2 – 3x + 7 = 0
B. x2 – 5x + 3 = 0
C. 2x2 + 8x + 7 = 0
D. –x2 + 6x + 4 = 0
E. x2 – x + 5 = 0

Answers

Answer:

B

D

E

( all of the answers (E, D, B) have no real solutions)

Pre calculus trigonometry

Answers

The result of the division of the two complex numbers is equal to z₁ / z₂ = (8 / 9) · [cos (π / 10 - π / 12) + i sin (π / 10 - π / 12)].

How to find the division of two complex numbers

In this problem we find two complex numbers in rectangular form, whose division must be found. This can done by easily by means of complex numbers in polar form and definition of division:

Complex number (rectangular form)

z = r · (cos θ + i sin θ)

Complex number (polar form)

[tex]z = r\cdot e^{i\cdot \theta}[/tex]

Where:

r - Normθ - Direction

Division between two complex numbers in polar form:

[tex]\frac {z_{1}}{z_{2}} = \left(\frac{r_{1}}{r_{2}}\right)\cdot e^{i\cdot (\theta_{1}-\theta_{2})}[/tex]

This number is equivalent to the following expression in rectangular form:

z₁ / z₂ = (r₁ / r₂) · [cos (θ₁ - θ₂) + i sin (θ₁ - θ₂)]

If we know that r₁ = 8, r₂ = 9, θ₁ = π / 10 and θ₂ = π / 12, then the division of the two complex numbers is:

z₁ / z₂ = (8 / 9) · [cos (π / 10 - π / 12) + i sin (π / 10 - π / 12)]

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Simplify. (x-6)^3Write your answer without using negative exponents.

Answers

Answer:

x^3-18x^2+108x-216

There is a formula for this simplification, and you can write the answer directly if you remember the formula.

P(RI-T) = 0.25, P(-R|T) = 0.2, P(T) = 0.1
What is P(R)?

O 0.245
O insufficient information
O 0.1060
O 0.305

Answers

Answer:

We can use Bayes' theorem to calculate P(R), which states that the probability of an event A given event B is equal to the probability of B given A multiplied by the probability of A, divided by the probability of B:

P(R|T) = P(T|R) * P(R) / P(T)

We can rearrange this equation to solve for P(R):

P(R) = P(R|T) * P(T) / P(T|R)

We are given that P(RI-T) = 0.25, which can be written as:

P(R∩T) = P(R|T) * P(T) = 0.25

We are also given that P(-R|T) = 0.2, which can be written as:

P(-R∩T) = P(-R|T) * P(T) = 0.2 * 0.1 = 0.02

We can use the law of total probability to find P(T|R):

P(T|R) = P(RI-T) / P(R) = 0.25 / P(R)

We can substitute these values into the equation for P(R) to get:

P(R) = P(R|T) * P(T) / P(T|R)

= 0.25 / [P(T|R) * P(T) + P(-R|T) * P(T)]

= 0.25 / [0.25 + 0.02]

= 0.1060

Therefore, the answer is option C: 0.1060.

Ignatio and his two friends each bought a ticket to play lazer tag and each spent $15 on game tokens at Fun Mountain. Let t represent the cost of a lazer tag ticket. Enter an expression that represents the total amount that Ignatio and his friends spent.

Answers

The expression that represents the total amount that Ignatio and his friends spent is 15t


Calculating the expression that represents the total amount

From the question, we have the following parameters that can be used in our computation:

Each spent $15 on game tokens at Fun MountainEach cost = t

After spending on t games, we have

f(t) = Rate * t

Substitute the known values in the above equation, so, we have the following representation

f(t) = 15 * t

Evaluate

f(t) = 15t

Hence, the expression that represents the total amount that Ignatio and his friends spent is 15t

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h(x) = 2x + 3

Complete the function table.

X. H(x)
-4
0
1
2
3

Answers

Answer:

X       H(x)=2x+3

-4       -5

0        3

1         5

2        7

3        9

please I need help in this one​

Answers

Answer: 55

Step-by-step explanation:

pls pls help me with answer(correct it)

Answers

I think the answer should be 450 cm squared. Because to find the area of the triangle, you need to do this: 0.5*one leg of triangle*other leg of triangle

where should the linear inequality y ≤ 3/2x + 3 be shaded?

Answers

Answer:

Step-by-step explanation:

it should be shaded at the 76

Fully factorise 3h² + 12h​

Answers

Answer: To factorize 3h² + 12h, we can first find the greatest common factor (GCF) of the two terms, which is 3h:

3h(h + 4)

This is the fully factorized form of 3h² + 12h.

Set up the integral​ (or integrals) needed to compute the area between the curves. Use the smallest possible number of integrals. x= -5 x= 3 y= 9x y=x^2-10

Answers

The area between the curves is 61.5 square units.

How did we arrive at this value?

To compute the area between the curves y = 9x and y = x^2 - 10, find the points of intersection between the curves.

Setting the two equations equal to each other:

x^2 - 10 = 9x

Move all to one side:

x^2 - 9x - 10 = 0

Factor the quadratics:

(x - 10)(x + 1) = 0

So, the points of intersection are x = -1 and x = 10.

Now, determine which curve is above the other in the interval between -5 and 3. Evaluating the y-coordinates of each curve at a point in this interval, say x = 0.

y = 9x, y = 0 at x = 0, so the curve passes across the origin.

y = x^2 - 10, y = -10 at x = 0.

Therefore, the curve y = 9x is above y = x^2 - 10 in the interval [-5, 3].

To compute the area between the curves, take the integral of the top curve minus the integral of the bottom curve over the interval of intersection:

∫(-1 to 3) [9x - (x^2 - 10)] dx

Simplify:

∫(-1 to 3) [ -x^2 + 9x + 10] dx

Then, integrate each term of the polynomial:

[ (-1/3) x^3 + (9/2) x^2 + 10x ] evaluated from x = -1 to x = 3

Plug into the limits of integration and then simplify:

= [ (81/2) - (19/3) ] - [ (-1/3) - (17/2) ]

= 61.5

Therefore, the area between the curves is 61.5 square units.

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Rebecca invests 600 into an account with a 2.7% interest rate that is compounded quarterly. How much money will she have in this account if she keeps it for 10 years

Answers

The accrued value of the account in 10 years is $641.75

Determining the accrued value of the account in 10 years

From the question, we have the following parameters that can be used in our computation:

Rebecca invests 600 in an account2.7% interest compounded quarterly

Using the above as a guide, we have the following:

Amount = P * (1 + 0.25r)ᵗ

Where

P = Principal = 600

r = Rate = 2.7% = 0.27

t = time = 10

Substitute the known values in the above equation, so, we have the following representation

Amount = 600 * (1 + 0.25 * 0.27)¹⁰

Evaluate

Amount = 641.75

Hence, the amount is 641.75

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The table shows the home state of the 175 high school students who attended a tri-state debate tournament. The ratio of Illinois students to Michigan students was 6:5. How many students were from Indiana?

Answers

Let's start by setting up a proportion to represent the ratio of Illinois students to Michigan students:

Illinois students / Michigan students = 6/5

We can simplify this proportion by multiplying both sides by 5:

Illinois students = 6/5 * Michigan students

Next, we can use the information in the table to set up an equation that relates the number of Illinois students, Michigan students, and Indiana students:

Illinois students + Michigan students + Indiana students = 175

We can substitute the expression we obtained for the number of Illinois students into this equation:

6/5 * Michigan students + Michigan students + Indiana students = 175

Multiplying both sides by 5 to eliminate the fraction, we get:

6 * Michigan students + 5 * Michigan students + 5 * Indiana students = 875

Combining like terms, we get:

11 * Michigan students + 5 * Indiana students = 875

Now we can use the fact that the ratio of Illinois students to Michigan students is 6:5 to set up another equation:

Illinois students / Michigan students = 6/5

Substituting the values from the table, we get:

Illinois students / Michigan students = 24/20

Cross-multiplying, we get:

Illinois students * 20 = Michigan students * 24

Simplifying, we get:

Illinois students = 6/5 * Michigan students = 24/20 * Michigan students = 6/5 * 24 Michigan students = 28.8 Michigan students

Since the number of students must be a whole number, we can round 28.8 up to 29. This means that there were 29 Michigan students.

Substituting this into the equation we obtained earlier, we get:

11 * 29 + 5 * Indiana students = 875

Solving for Indiana students, we get:

5 * Indiana students = 875 - 11 * 29 = 546

Dividing both sides by 5, we get:

Indiana students = 546/5 = 109.2

Since the number of students must be a whole number, we can round 109.2 up to 110. This means that there were 110 Indiana students.

Therefore, the answer is 110 students from Indiana.

A scale drawing for an apartment is shown below. In the drawing, 3cm represents 4cm. Assuming the bedroom is rectangular, find the area of the real room

Answers

The calculated value of the area of the real room is 10.67 cm²

Finding the area of the real room

From the question, we have the following parameters that can be used in our computation:

In the drawing, 3cm represents 4cm

This means that

Scale factor = 4/3

Also, we have the dimension of the scale drawing to be

Dimension = 3cm by 2 cm

So, the area of the bedroom in the scale is

Area = 3cm * 2cm

For the actual room, we have

Area = 3cm * 2cm * (4/3)²

Evaluate the exponent

Area = 3cm * 2cm * (16/9)

Evaluate the products

Area = 10.67 cm²

This means that the real area is 10.67 cm²

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Apply the nearest neighbor algorithm to the graph above starting at vertex A. Give your answer as a list of vertices, starting and ending at vertex A. Example: ABCDA

Answers

Starting at vertex A and using the nearest neighbor algorithm, the path is: A-C-B-D-A, with a total distance of 95. This means visiting vertices in the order A, C, B, D, and back to A, and the total distance traveled is 95 units.

The nearest neighbor algorithm is used to find the shortest path between a set of points. Here are the steps to apply the algorithm in this case

Start at vertex A. Look for the closest neighboring vertex to A. In this case, the closest vertex is B, which is 7 units away from A. Move to vertex B and mark it as visited. Look for the closest neighboring vertex to B that has not been visited. In this case, the closest vertex is C, which is 11 units away from B.

Move to vertex C and mark it as visited. Look for the closest neighboring vertex to C that has not been visited. In this case, the closest vertex is D, which is 18 units away from C. Move to vertex D and mark it as visited.

Look for the closest neighboring vertex to D that has not been visited. In this case, the closest vertex is B, which is 15 units away from D. Move to vertex B and mark it as visited.

Look for the closest neighboring vertex to B that has not been visited. In this case, the closest vertex is E, which is 20 units away from B. Move to vertex E and mark it as visited.

Look for the closest neighboring vertex to E that has not been visited. In this case, the closest vertex is A, which is 24 units away from E. Move to vertex A and mark it as visited. All vertices have been visited, so the algorithm is complete.

The list of vertices visited, starting and ending at A, is A, B, C, D, B, E, A and the distance is 95.

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please guys i need help

Answers

[tex][D]= \begin{bmatrix} 5&0&-8\\ 10&-2&7\\ -3&-9&6 \end{bmatrix}\implies 2[D] \stackrel{ \textit{scalar multiplication} }{\begin{bmatrix} (2)5&(2)0&(2)-8\\ (2)10&(2)-2&(2)7\\ (2)-3&(2)-9&(2)6 \end{bmatrix}} \\\\\\ ~\hspace{12.5em} 2[D]= \begin{bmatrix} 10&0&-16\\ 20&-4&14\\ -6&-18&12 \end{bmatrix}[/tex]

Determine whether the given triangle has no solution, one solution or two solutions. Then solve the triangle.


questions 1)

m


question 2)

m


question 3)

m

Answers

The triangle has one solution. The remaining side c ≈ 4 and remaining angles B = 30°; C = 31°.

Option D is correct.

How to solve

if angle A is obtuse and if a > b then the triangle has one solution

We are given ∠ = 119° which is obtuse and side a= 7 and side b - 4 i.e 7>4 so, the triangle has one solution.

Finding remaining sides c and ∠B and ∠C

Using the Law of sines to find ∠B

a/sin A = b/sin B

7/sin 119° = 4/sin B

7 * sin B = 4 * sin 119

7*sin B = 4(0.874)

sin B = 3.496/7

B = sin^-1(0.4994)

B = 29.96 = 30°

We know that sum of angles of triangle = 180°

So, 180° = 119° + 30° +∠C

180° = 149° + ∠C

=> ∠C = 180° - 149°

∠C = 31°

Now finding c

b/sin B = c /sin C

4/Sin 30 = c/sin 31

4* sin 31 = c*sin 30

4*0.515 = c* 0.5

=> c =  4*0.515/0.5

c = 4.12 ≈ 4

So, Option D one solution; c ≈ 4; B = 30°; C = 31° is correct.

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Determine whether the given triangle has no solution, one solution or two solutions. Then solve the triangle. Round measures of sides to the nearest tenth and measures of angles to the nearest degree

A = 119°, a=7, b=4

Question 7 options:

one solution; c ≈ 7; B = 30°; C = 119°

no solution

one solution; c ≈ 4; B = 31°; C = 30°

one solution; c ≈ 4; B = 30°; C = 31°

Help pleaseee


Expand the logarithm as much as possible


logy^10

Answers

The expanded form of log y^10 is either 10 log y or 10 ln y

Expanding the logarithm

Assuming that the base of the logarithm is not specified, we can use the change of base formula to expand the logarithm:

log y^10 = log (y^10) / log (base)

Using base 10:

log y^10 = log (y^10) / log 10

= 10 log y / 1

= 10 log y

Using natural logarithm:

log y^10 = log (y^10) / log e

= 10 log y / 1

= 10 ln y

Therefore, the expanded form of log y^10 is either 10 log y or 10 ln y, depending on the base used.

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Identify the null and alternative hypotheses
Statistics!

Answers

The null and the alternate hypothesis are:

H₀: p ≤ 0.5H₁: p > 0.5

How to write the hypothesis

In hypothesis testing, we take the null hypothesis (H₀) and the alternative hypothesis (H₁). The null hypothesis is the opposite of the claim , while the alternative hypothesis states  the claim.

In this case, the null hypothesis is that a majority of adults would not erase their personal information online if they could (i.e., 50% or less of them would do so). The alternative hypothesis is that a majority of adults would erase their personal information online if they could (i.e., more than 50% of them would do so). In symbolic form:

H₀: p ≤ 0.5

H₁: p > 0.5

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A small country emits 80,000 kilotons of carbon dioxide per year. In a recent global agreement, the country agreed to cut its carbon emissions by 2.5% per year for the next 7 years. In the first year of the agreement, the country will keep its emissions at 80,000 kilotons and the emissions will decrease 2.5% in each successive year. How many total kilotons of carbon dioxide would the country emit over the course of the 7 year period, to the nearest whole number?

Answers

Using an exponential function and integration, it is found that over the entire 11 year period, the country will emit 763,968 kilotons of carbon dioxide.

Exponential function:

A decaying exponential function is modeled by:

⇒ A (t) = A (0) (1 - r)ⁿ

In which:

A(0) is the initial value.

r is the decay rate, as a decimal.

In this problem:

In the first year, the country emits 80,000 kilotons, hence . A (0) = 8000

Emissions will decrease 2.5% in each successive year, hence r = 0.026

Then, the equation for the amount emitted each year is:

⇒ A (t) = A (0) (1 - r)ⁿ

⇒ A (t) = 80000 (1 - 0.025)ⁿ

⇒ A (t) = 80,000 (0.975)ⁿ

The total amount emitted over the course of the 11 year period is:

T = ∫ 0 to 11 ( A (t) ) dt

Hence:

T = ∫ 0 to 11 ( 80000 (0.974)ⁿ ) dt

Applying the Fundamental Theorem of Calculus:

T = 763,968 kilotons

Hence, Over the entire 11 year period, the country will emit 763,968 kilotons of carbon dioxide.

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