What are the four elements of common law?

Answers

Answer 1

The concept in question is Common Law, as an adversarial system, a contest between two opposing parties before a judge who moderates. The answer is duty, breach, causation, and damages.

Common law, also known as jurisprudence, is an unwritten body of law based on the precedent established by courts. Common law is based on the institutionalized opinions and interpretations of courts and juries.

Common laws sometimes inspire new laws. The four most common elements of negligence are 1) duty, 2) injury, 3) causation, and 4) damages.

A collection of legal acts, precedents, and accepted legal principles; an authoritative compendium of grounds of judicial and administrative proceedings; especially a set of rules, standards and principles that the courts of a particular jurisdiction follow when deciding disputes before them.

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Related Questions

Why do you think trials such as Irmgard Furchner's are important to survivors of the Holocuast?

Answers

Answer:

Irmgard Furchner, 97, who worked for a Nazi commandant, is convicted in Germany.

Irmgard Furchner was due to stand trial in Germany last Thursday on claims that while working as a typist at the Nazis' Stutthof concentration camp, she assisted in the killing of 11,412 people.

But 96-year-old Furchner didn't show up. She boarded a taxi that morning and left her retirement residence, arriving at a metro stop.

She had written to the judge two weeks earlier, alerting him that she would not be there and stating her "senior age and physical difficulties," saying, "I want to avoid these embarrassments and don't want to make myself the laughingstock of humanity." The aim, though, can be a shame.

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Please, help me.

What is the difference between the rights of businesses and the responsibilities of businesses? Support your answer using one or more examples of each.

Answers

Answer:

The rights of a business are what a business is entitled to. For example, a private business has the right to kick out unruly customers from their property. A responsibility of a business is what a business is expected to do. For example, a responsibility of a business would be to pay taxes to the government.


[tex] \\ \\ [/tex]
Good night! :)​

Answers

Answer:

Good night!

Thx

Explanation:

A positive result of trade agreements such as NAFTA and the EU is
fewer sanctions
against developing economies.
more economic rights for citizens.
more support for domestic companies.
fewer competitors in the global economy.

— It’s “more economic rights for citizens”

Answers

Answer:

more economic rights for citizens.

Explanation:

What was the name of the newly established country in the South

Answers

If your referring to the American civil war then it would be The Confederate states of America

PLEASE HELP I GIVE BRAINLIEST

Answers

Answer: The question is streaming so i don't know what the question is

Explanation:

What role did Marxism play in the revolution?

Answers

Marx believed that revolution was both fundamentally necessary and inescapable for human civilization to evolve.

What is Marxism?

Marxism is a left-leaning to the far-left technique of socioeconomic analysis that employs a dialectical viewpoint to comprehend social transformation and a materialist interpretation of historical development to understand class relations and social conflict.

The general phrase for Karl Marx's economic, social, and political ideology is known as Marxism.

Marx thought that for human civilization to advance, the revolution was both essentially necessary and unavoidable.

He believed that ultimately the capitalists and industrialists who secretly controlled their life would face a backlash from the workers of the world who would realize they "had nothing to lose but their chains."

Therefore, Marx believed that revolution was both fundamentally necessary and inescapable for human civilization to evolve.

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The native Japanese religion of Japan is called . It shares beliefs with Chinese philosophies, including . It is often practiced alongside the religion of .

Answers

Answer:

1. Shinto

2. worship of ancestors

3. buddhism

Explanation:

The native Japanese religion of Japan is called SHINTO. It shares beliefs with Chinese philosophies, including the WORSHIP OF ANCESTORS. It is often practiced alongside the religion of BUDDHISM

Shinto": This is a Japanese religion since time immemorial.

"Worship of Ancestors": Shinto is a religion that includes the act of worshiping ancestors such as the spirit of " kami."

"Buddhism": Buddhism was introduced to Japan in the 6th century. It has similar characteristics in Shinto in Japan.

help if u luv god :)

Answers

Answer:

D. Field communities

Explanation:

Why is credit important in America?

Answers

The concept in question is Credit. It is the ability to borrow money or access goods or services with the understanding that you'll pay later.

Credit is part of your financial strength. It helps you get the things you need now, like a car loan or credit card, with a promise to pay it back later. Working to improve your credit score can help you qualify for credit when you need it.

When consumers and businesses can borrow money, economic transactions can be efficient and economies can thrive. Credit gives businesses access to the tools they need to manufacture the items they purchase.

As credit improves, consumers can borrow and spend more, and businesses can borrow and invest more. Growth in consumption and investment creates jobs and leads to higher income and profits. In addition, credit expansion also affects the price of assets, thereby increasing their net worth.

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POINTS + BRAINLIEST. PLEASE HELP. Just read the question

Answers

Answer:

Democratic party!

Explanation:

When Texas first asked to be
admitted to the U.S., the U.S.
rejected them.
True or false?

Answers

Answer:

True

Explanation:

President Martin van Buren refrained from annexing Texas after the Mexicans threatened war

PLEASE HELP ASAP I'M BEING TIMED!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! HELP ME PLEASEEEEEEEE!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!

One of the main reasons a powerful sense of Russophobia was developing in Western Europe in the mid-1800s was Russia’s drive to conquer regions to their south.

True/False

Answers

Answer:

True

Explanation:

Answer now for brainless

Answers

Answer:

By 1815 they were the dominant group in the government

This headline from 2017
"Trump looks to Renegotiate NAFTA with Canada"
About the North American Free Trade Agreement..would best relate to which clause?
Due Process Clause
Full Faith and Credit Clause
Establishment Clause
Interstate Commerce Clause

Answers

This case of Trump’s goal to renegotiate NAFTA with Canada is related to Interstate Commercial Clause.

Can the President alone renegotiate NAFTA with Canada?

NAFTA is a bilateral arrangement whereby Mexico and Canada lower their export restrictions in return for the United States lowering its trade restrictions. This means that any withdrawal of NAFTA would be detrimental to U.S. industries that ship services and goods to Mexico or Canada as well as the employees in those industries.

Many members of Congress operate under the fundamental misconception that its president has the authority to renegotiate NAFTA on his own. They are ignorant of the fact that, although if the president negotiates and signs trade deals, he is not the "decider" in accordance with the Commerce Clause of the Constitution. Congress is given the authority to approve trade agreements and to revoke United States involvement in them.

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8. Explain McClellan's plan and its failure.

Battle of Antietam


Answers

Answer:

On the eve of Antietam, McClellan would tell Washington he faced a gigantic Rebel army “amounting to not less than 120,000 men,” outnumbering his own army “by at least twenty-five per cent.” So it was that George McClellan imagined three Rebel soldiers for every one he faced on the Antietam battlefield.

Explanation:

brainliest pleahs

Answer:

Here's an abbreviation of what he said:

On the eve of Antietam, McClellan would inform Washington he confronted a tremendous Rebel military “amounting to no longer much less than 120,000 men,” outnumbering his very own navy “by at least twenty-five per cent.” So it was once that George McClellan imagined three Rebel troopers for each and every one he confronted on the Antietam battlefield.

Explanation:

what is the mappa mundi?

Answers

Answer: A mappa mundi is any medieval European map of the world. Such maps range in size and complexity from simple schematic maps 25 millimetres or less across to elaborate wall maps, the largest of which to survive to modern times, the Ebstorf map, was around 3.5 m in diameter.

Explanation:

what happens when a car breaks down

Answers

Answer:

you take it to a mechanic or work on it yourself

Explanation:

Yellow fever was a disease that became an _________ in the 1790s.

A. epidemic
B. issue in most of the Federalist Papers
C. embarrassment to the U.S. government
D. idea doctors believed was false

Answers

Answer:

I am pretty sure the correct answer is A

I agree, A should be correct.

True or False. Islamic traders were able to trade with India both through
the Silk Road and Maritime (Ocean) Trade routes.

Answers

TRUE is the correct answer

Why do you suppose Ford begins by listing some elements of Nixons resume?

Answers

A passage from the 1915 U.S. Supreme Court case Burdick v. United States, which contained the dictum that a pardon needs to carry an imputation of guilt and that its acknowledgement carries a confession of guilt, was kept by Ford in his wallet, which he used to privately defend his pardon of Nixon after he left the White House in 1977.

What do you know about President Ford?

From 1974 until 1977, Gerald Rudolph Ford Jr., an American politician, presided as the 38th president of the United States. He was the only president to date from Michigan and the only one who had never won election to the position of president or vice president.

He had previously led the Republican Party in the House of Representatives before being chosen in 1973 to serve as the 40th vice president. Ford assumed the presidency following the resignation of Richard Nixon in 1974, but he lost the 1976 election for a full term.

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Federalists believed that the best way to protect individual rights was to have....a) A strong national government. b)Strong state governments. c) A balance of power. d) Constitutional amendments.​

Answers

Answer:

D

Explanation:

Federalists believed that the best way to protect individual rights was to have a balance of power.​ Thus the correct option is C.

What is Federalists believes?

Federalists believed that the Constitution could be interpreted in many different ways. The states' independence and organizational framework were other priorities for the federalists.

An Amendment refers to any alteration or modification taken place in existing laws to support the welfare of the people living in the country by improving the objective for better implementation. The Federalists resisted including a bill of rights, arguing that it was unnecessary.

They were able to claim that the Constitution established a powerful national government and that the separation of powers among the three institutions of government safeguarded citizens' rights.

Therefore, option D is appropriate.

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The diagram below shows the elements in a cycle: A cycle diagram with three boxes is shown. One box reads, Immigration. An arrow points from that box to a second box that reads, Industrialization. An arrow points from the second box to a third box that contains a question mark. Which term completes this graphic organizer, and why? Unionization, because immigrants won major reforms from industries by forming their own labor unions Urbanization, because immigrants moved to areas with industries to find jobs, spurring the growth of cities Naturalization, because industries often gave immigrant employees the opportunity to become American citizens Unemployment, because immigrants were not able to work in most industries, leading to high jobless rates

Answers

The final term in this graphic organiser is urbanization, which refers to how immigrants went to industrialized areas in search of employment, which fueled the development of cities.

What about urbanization?The term "urbanization" describes the process by which people move from rural to urban areas, the corresponding fall in the number of people living in rural areas, and the way in which societies adapt to this change.  When more people start residing and working in urban centers, towns and cities primarily grow through this mechanism.Urbanization should be distinguished from urban expansion, despite the fact that the two terms are occasionally used synonymously. In contrast to urban expansion, which only refers to the absolute number of people residing in certain areas, urbanization refers to the percentage of the entire national population that resides in areas that are classed as urban.

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A law enacted by legislature is called what?

Answers

Answer:

A law enacted by legislature is called a bill

Explanation:

Is Germany still paying WWI reparations?

Answers

A commitment to pay half of the outstanding sum was made as a result of the 1953 London Agreement on German External Debts. On October 3, 2010, the final payment was made to settle the reparations loan arrears owed to Germany.

How much is Germany still responsible for paying for World War One?

about $269 billion

The punitive peace treaty that Germany was compelled to sign was, however, the most embarrassing of all. The Treaty of Versailles requested 132 billion gold marks ($269 billion) in reparations for the entire war, not just Germany's role in it.

What amount of reparations does Germany still owe?

Israel received compensation from West Germany for the forced labor, persecution, and confiscation of Jewish property under the Nuremberg laws. Israel received payments up until 1987.

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LOTS OF POINTS PLEASE HELP
Discuss three major root causes of the Great Depression that were at work before the stock market crash of 1929.

Your answer should have a topic sentence, a body sentence(s), and a concluding sentence(s). You will need a minimum of 6-7 complete sentences to get full credit for your answer.

Answers

The Great Depression was a global economic downturn that occurred in the 1930s and had far-reaching impacts on many countries around the world. There were several root causes of the Great Depression that were at work before the stock market crash of 1929.

One major root cause of the Great Depression was the unequal distribution of wealth. In the years leading up to the Depression, a small portion of the population held a large portion of the wealth, while the majority of people struggled to make ends meet. This unequal distribution of wealth made it difficult for people to afford goods and services, which contributed to economic stagnation.

Another root cause of the Great Depression was the overproduction of goods. In the years leading up to the Depression, many businesses and industries were producing more goods than people were able to buy. This led to a surplus of goods and a decline in prices, which in turn reduced the profits of businesses and contributed to economic instability.

A third root cause of the Great Depression was the reliance on credit and debt. In the 1920s, people were encouraged to borrow money and take out loans in order to buy goods and invest in the stock market. This reliance on credit and debt made it easy for people to overspend and become financially unstable, which contributed to the economic instability that led to the Great Depression.

In conclusion, the Great Depression was caused by a combination of factors, including the unequal distribution of wealth, overproduction of goods, and reliance on credit and debt. These root causes were at work before the stock market crash of 1929 and contributed to the economic downturn that occurred in the 1930s.

The use of simple and vigorous words in A Farewell to Arms reflects

the harsh and powerful reality of war.
the reality of life during the early 1900s.
the plain and boring nature of battle.
the difficulties of Hemingway’s life.

Answers

The simple and vigorous words used in A Farewell to Arms reflected A. the harsh and powerful reality of war.

What is A Farewell to Arms?

The Italian campaign of World War I is the setting for Ernest Hemingway's book A Farewell to Arms. Hemingway creates believable speech for his characters by using straightforward language and succinct, direct lines. The book is written in the first person by an American named Frederic Henry who is a lieutenant in the Italian Army's ambulance corps.

No matter whose conflict it is, the author wants the readers to recognize how brutal, violent, and useless it is. The author intends to convey the realities of war through the characters' speech patterns, which make it clear whether they are angry, unhappy, and anxious.

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Answer: A

Explanation:

mary queen of scots' claim to the throne was the main reason she was executed in 1587 how far do you agree? (16 marks)

Answers

As Henry VII of England's great-granddaughter, Mary was next in line to the English throne, after Henry VIII's children. Given her youth and sex, the Scottish nobility decided that they must make peace with England, and they agreed that she should marry Henry VIII's son, the future Edward VI.

Which cause of the Spanish-American War best explains why the sinking of the USS Maine led America to declare war on Spain?

Answers

The correct answer to this open question is the following.

Although you forgot to attach the options for this question we can say the following.

The cause of the Spanish-American War that best explains why the sinking of the USS Maine led America to declare war on Spain was Manifest Destiny.

President McKinley could justify entering the war with the sinking of the USS Maine that was anchored in the harbor of Havana, the capital city of the Island of Cuba, This was part of the imperialistic desire of the United States government supported by Manifest Destiny, the idea that the United States had the divine right to expand its territory.  

President McKinley tried to stay away from the conflict between Cubans and Spaniards, but there was so much pressure from the American people and the US newspapers that published reports about Mckinley as a weak leader. That is why after that above-mentioned incident, the US President asked the US Congress for a declaration of war, and the Spanish American War started.

How do you think the Cold War and the
conditions it created impact our present
relationship with Russia? Explain.

Answers

Answer:

Impact of the Soviet invasion of Afghanistan on Carter's perception of the Soviet Union:

put a crimp in arms control talks. He cut off grain sales and ordered a boycott of Moscow summer Olympic athletes.

Explanation:

Other Questions
One angle of a triangle measures 45. The other two angles are in a ratio of 7:20. What are the measures of those two angles? Suppose that the function h is defined, for all real numbers, as follows.h(x) = (x+1){if x -2if-2-x-2 ifx>2h(-2) = 0h(-1) = 0h (3) = 0Find h(-2), h(-1), and h (3).0/0X3please help 15 points to whoever does Need help Im not sure how to answer it will give 30 points Please Help MeWhat is the primary goal of the strategy that requires a writer to pretend they are dating the things they write? A. to allow a writer to look at their text through more sympathetic eyes B. to prevent a writer from immediately committing to everything they write C. to push a writer to step outside the box and take more risks throughout the writing process D. to discourage a writer from being too removed and distant from their text it takes 9 people 40 minutes to clean a hotel lobby. How many minutes would it take 4 people 4. Given the function g(x) = 3x - 5, find the value of g(2). If private security agents are subject to prosecution in the U.S. courts, why would the U.S. want to hire any of these private security forces?There are not enough well-trained manpower for all the security requirements in war zonesThere are not enough law enforcement to handle the jobsThe collaboration is importantInternational law prohibits it What is the meaning of positive person? What is the height of a column of water which can be supported by a pressure of exactly 1 bar (=100 kPa = 750.0 mmHg) at 25 ? Memories of a MemoryHave you ever witnessed something amazing, shocking or surprising and found when describing the event that your story seems to change the more you tell it? Have you ever experienced a time when you couldn't really describe something you saw in a way that others could understand? If so, you may understand why some experts think eyewitness testimony is unreliable as evidence in scientific inquiries and trials. New insights into human memory suggest human memories are really a mixture of many non-factual things.First, memory is vague. Imagine your room at home or a classroom you see every day. Most likely, you could describe the room very generally. You could name the color of the walls, the floors, the decorations. But the image you describe will never be as specific or detailed as if you were looking at the actual room. Memory tends to save a blurry image of what we have seen rather than specific details. So when a witness tries to identify someone, her brain may recall that the person was tall, but not be able to say how tall when faced with several tall people. There are lots of different kinds of "tall."Second, memory uses general knowledge to fill in gaps. Our brains reconstruct events and scenes when we remember something. To do this, our brains use other memories and other stories when there are gaps. For example, one day at a library you go to quite frequently, you witness an argument between a library patron and one of the librarians. Later, when telling a friend about the event, your brain may remember a familiar librarian behind the desk rather than the actual participant simply because it is recreating a familiar scene. In effect, your brain is combining memories to help you tell the story.Third, your memory changes over time. It also changes the more you retell the story. Documented cases have shown eyewitnesses adding detail to testimony that could not have been known at the time of the event. Research has also shown that the more a witness's account is told, the less accurate it is. You may have noticed this yourself. The next time you are retelling a story, notice what you add, or what your brain wants to add, to the account. You may also notice that you drop certain details from previous tellings of the story.With individual memories all jumbled up with each other, it is hard to believe we ever know anything to be true. Did you really break your mother's favorite vase when you were three? Was that really your father throwing rocks into the river with you when you were seven? The human brain may be quite remarkable indeed. When it comes to memory, however, we may want to start carrying video cameras if we want to record the true picture.Which phrase from the text most clearly explains the main idea of the third paragraph? (5 points)Group of answer choicesMemory uses general knowledgeOther memories and other storiesWhen telling a friend about the eventRather than the actual participant Is 233 in the sequence below?2,5,8,11,14,... You select a marble from a bag of yellow and green marbles and put it back. You record how many yellow marbles are selected in two attempts. The graph shows the theoretical probability distribution.Which could be the contents of the bag? A. 2 yellow, 2 green B. 2 yellow, 4 green C. 3 yellow, 2 green D. 2 yellow, 3 green What is the degree of the polynomial 3? creased globalization has been caused by all of the following except __________.A.improved technologyB.increased transportation speedsC.improved communication speedsD.decreased distances between nations Complete with the quantity you would like.1. un__________de zanahorias congeladas2. un________de mayonesa y un________de mostaza3. una__________de agua mineral4. un_______de sardinas y un-________ de atn5. un_________de espaguetis6. seis_________de jamnno dam links i finished all my final exams 100 on math 100 on science and 94 on language arts. What were the ways monarchs tried to increase their power? HELP LIMITED TIME!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!Read the sentence below.She finished your sentence before you could get the words out of your mouth.The underlined part of the sentence is a/an... The underlined part is before you could get the words out of your mouth. Select one:1, adverbial phrase.2, adverbial clause.3, noun clause.4, noun phrase. 30. How do you make a conclusion? How can you solve problems by ordering rational numbers from least to greatest?Convert so that all numbers are in A) a different B) the same form. Order them as they appear A) Farthest from 0, B) On a number line