The light reactions of plants are a series of photochemical reactions that occur in the chloroplasts of plant cells. These reactions convert light energy into chemical energy in the form of ATP and NADPH.
The light reactions are divided into two stages: the light-dependent reactions and the light-independent reactions. The light-dependent reactions take place in the thylakoid membrane and involve the chloroplasts absorption of light energy by pigments, the transfer of electrons through a series of electron carriers, and the production of ATP and NADPH. The independent light reactions, also known as the Calvin cycle, take place in the stroma of chloroplasts and use the ATP and NADPH produced in the light-dependent reactions to fix carbon dioxide and create glucose and other sugars.
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need help asap
question 23
- 20 points
Answer:a
Explanation:
See here
According to the theory, why is it important to know how much of a pathogenic risk an item poses to an end-user? a) End-users must be informed of decontamination risks so they can choose whether to receive treatment or not b) The risk determines how long you can wait before cleaning it c) The risk of infection determines whether you should dispose of the item or not after use d) The risk determines how you must decontaminate an item so that the next user doesn't get infected
In order is for end-user to decide whether or not to get therapy, this information is required.
Why do we seek therapy?A treatment is anything that medical professionals perform on patients in order to manage a health issue, minimize its symptoms, or resolve it. Treatments may take the form of medication, counseling, surgery, or other measures. A health issue is said to be cured when a treatment permanently resolves it. Some medical conditions can be treated.
Meaning of treatment planPay attention to how it sounds. (TREET-mint plan) A thorough plan that includes information about the patient's ailment, the intended treatment outcome, available treatment modalities, potential side effects, and anticipated treatment time.
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What is the relationship of III-1 to 111-2?
The relation of III-1 to 111-2 is that they are the married couple having some common ancestor and having 3 children where 1 girl and 1 boy suffer from some sex linked recessive disease.
What is Sex linked recessive disease?X-linked recessive inheritance also known as Sex linked recessive disease which is defined as the mode of inheritance in which a mutation in a gene on the X chromosome causes the phenotype to always be expressed in males and in females that are homozygous for the gene mutation. Females with one copy of the mutated gene are carriers.
Examples of X-linked recessive disease are red-green color blindness and hemophilia A where there is red-green color blindness. Red-green color blindness simply means that a person cannot differentiate between red and green colors (usually blue-green).
Thus, the relation of III-1 to 111-2 is that they are the married couple having some common ancestor and having 3 children where 1 girl and 1 boy suffer from some sex linked recessive disease.
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PLEASE HELP ME how do wildfires create conditions that can lead to mudslides?
Answer:
Fires lead to mudslides because burning can kills the plants' roots. Roots hold soil together, stabilizing the land and making it less likely to be swept away
Which leukocyte might you expect to find in higher quantities in a person experiencing allergies?
a. neutrophil
lb. ymphocyte
c. basophil
d. eosinophil
You could expect to see more eosinophil granulocytes in someone with allergies.
What is a high basophil number?An high basophil level is referred to medically as basophilic. It can be a sign of ongoing inflammation in your body. Or it can signal that your bone marrow is producing too many white blood cells due to a medical condition. Your doctor can assess your basophil levels using a blood test.
What causes high basophil levels?If you experience basophilia or some other basophilic disorder, your body creates too many basophils. A virus or a more serious condition of leukemia or even an autoimmune illness may be implicated by an extremely high basophil count.
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In a transformation experiment, a sample of E. coli bacteria was mixed with a plasmid containing the gene for resistance to the antibiotic ampicillin (ampr). Plasmid was not added to the second sample. Samples were plated on nutrient agar plates, some of which were supplemented with the antibiotic ampicillin. The results of E. coli growth are summarized below. The shaded area represents extensive growth of bacteria; dots represent individual colonies of bacteria. Plates that have only ampicillin resistant bacteria include which of the following?
a. I only
b. III only
c. IV only
d. I and II
Option A, The plasmid containing the amp gene was added to the first sample of E. coli, but not to the second sample. Therefore, only the first sample should contain bacteria that are resistant to ampicillin.
This is represented by the shaded area on the plate I, which indicates extensive growth of bacteria. Plates II, III, and IV do not have any shaded area, meaning that there is no extensive growth, and only dots representing individual colonies of bacteria.
Since the plasmid was not added to the second sample it does not have resistance to the antibiotic. This means that plates III and IV, which contain the antibiotic, will not have any ampicillin-resistant bacteria and thus the answer is a. I only.
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A major point of understanding natural selection is that not all organisms in a
population get to reproduce. Consider the term fitness is used in biology. How does
this term relate to natural selection?
Answer:
Fitness enable organism to survive in the particular environment.
Explanation:
Fitness of organisms is the characteristics which able the organisms to survive in harsh environmental condition and in the process of natural selection. Organisms which are better suited to their environment will survive and reproduce in that particular environment which leads to increase in the population of the organisms. Organisms having more fitness have more chances to survive in that environment whereas those organisms having lower fitness, can't survive and removed from that environment.
Which of the following is an example of how global warming affects the Earth's
natural systems?
Answer:
Climate change can alter where species live, how they interact, and the timing of biological events, which could fundamentally transform current ecosystems and food webs. Climate change can overwhelm the capacity of ecosystems to mitigate extreme events and disturbance, such as wildfires, floods, and drought.
Explanation:
I really hope this helps!
What is common to all organisms?
Answer:
All living organisms share several key characteristics or functions: order, sensitivity or response to the environment, reproduction, growth and development, regulation, homeostasis, and energy processing. When viewed together, these characteristics serve to define life.
Why do cells need to have a high surface area relative to their total volume?
Smaller single-celled creatures have a high surface area to volume ratio, which enables them to rely on waste removal and oxygen diffusion to thrive. This method can be more successful if the objects have a larger surface area to volume ratio.
What is high surface area?Material with a large surface area acts as an active species' support or catalyst. Precipitation, sol-gel, or flame methods are frequently used to synthesize them. A flexible option is "exotemplating," which uses porous carbon matrices as a hard template, for example.
What is carbon with a high surface area?NaOH at a temperature of 7000C produces activated carbon with a large surface area of around 2400 m2/g . But only irregular materials and irregular intercalation processes may be activated by NaOH [21]. Activated carbon used for this investigation, however, must have a high porosity level.
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Screens out harmful radiation
Answer:
Explanation:
With the arrival of warm summer weather, states have started to relax their COVID-19 stay-at-home orders. Excited to spend time with family and friends, people are now planning vacations, with one destination remaining a popular choice for many: the beach. However, extra time spent soaking up the sun increases our exposure to harmful ultraviolet (UV) radiation and raises our risk for developing skin cancer.
July is UV Safety Month. We know that one of the best ways to practice UV safety is to wear sunscreen every day. To help you choose and correctly use the best product for your needs, review the nine facts about sunscreen listed below.
Fact #1: Broad Spectrum Sunscreens are Best
UV radiation from the sun includes two types of harmful rays:
Ultraviolet A (UVA) Rays: Most common; cause premature aging of the skin (e.g., wrinkles)
Ultraviolet B (UVB) Rays: Most dangerous; cause sunburns
Overexposure to both types of rays can cause skin cancer. Sunscreens labeled as “broad spectrum” help protect against the effects of both UVA and UVB rays.
Fact #2: Aim for a Sunscreen with at Least 30 SPF
A sunscreen’s sun protection factor (SPF) indicates how much protection the product offers against UV radiation. Sunscreens with an SPF of at least 30 block 97 percent of the sun’s rays.
Fact #3: No Sunscreen is Waterproof or Sweat Proof
Manufacturers can no longer advertise sunscreens as waterproof or sweat proof. Instead, products are now labeled:
Water Resistant: Effective for up to 40 minutes in water
Very Water Resistant: Effective for up to 80 minutes in water
The AAD recommends reapplying sunscreen every two hours, after getting out of the water, or after sweating.
Fact #4: Children Under Six (6) Months Typically Should Not Wear Sunscreen
Infant skin is more sensitive than adult skin. To protect infants younger than six months, the AAD recommends keeping them in the shade as much as possible; dressing them in protective clothing, such as long-sleeved shirts, pants, and a wide-brimmed hat; and making sure they stay hydrated. If you are still concerned about sun exposure, ask your pediatrician if he/she recommends sunscreen.
Fact #5: Sunscreen is Only One Tool in Your UV Safety Toolbox
There are many ways to reduce your exposure to UV radiation. Experts recommend combining sunscreen use with wearing protective clothing, staying in the shade when possible, and avoiding outdoor activities when the sun is most intense.
Fact #6: Use “Teaspoon and Shot Glass Rule” to Determine How Much Sunscreen to Apply
Many people do not apply enough screen. The “Teaspoon and Shot Glass Rule” recommends using one teaspoon of sunscreen to cover the face and neck, and enough sunscreen to fill a shot glass — approximately one ounce — to cover all other exposed areas on the body.
Fact #7: Sunscreen Expires
According to the AAD, the FDA requires all sunscreens to retain their original strength for at least three years. Many sunscreens include an expiration date printed on the label. Visible changes in color or consistency can also indicate that it is time to dispose of the product.
Fact #8: Spray-On Sunscreens Are Convenient, But Not Always Effective
The AAD explains that current FDA regulations on testing and standardization do not apply to spray-on sunscreens. Individuals who want to use spray-on sunscreen should make sure to use an adequate amount, rubbing it in to thoroughly cover all areas of exposed skin.
Fact #9: Sunscreen is Safe to Use
Some recent news stories have called into question the safety of the ingredients used in sunscreens, but sunscreen remains completely safe to use and is recommended by all health care professionals. Read more about this in our blog post titled “Is Sunscreen Safe?”
Learn More: How NFCR is Advancing Skin Cancer Treatment
Research conducted by the National Foundation for Cancer Research’s (NFCR) scientists Danny R. Welch, PhD; Paul Fisher, MPh, PhD; Web Cavenee, PhD; and Helmut Sies, M.D., continues to play a critical role in our understanding of this complex disease, including potential advances in treatments for melanoma — the most dangerous type of skin cancer.
To learn more about skin cancer research supported by NFCR, please visit our Skin Cancer webpage.
Observe the three sections of the photo below. Which section of the photo is made up of the most number of pixels? Segment ___
Please Help!! I need the answers quick
segment C
because there are more colors that hav to be made by the pixles for the image to show
more detail also means more pixles
How does genetic engineering make producing insulin easier compared to when insulin was produced through using a cow pancreas?
Answer:
It reduces allergic reactions
Explanation:
Insulin could be obtained from animals. This insulin is extracted from animals and then purified for use on humans.
However, genetically engineered insulin is produced by genetically modified bacteria. The advantage of this method of producing insulin is that it yields pure insulin with less allergic reactions in humans.
Mine diagram shows the arrangement of cells inside the leaf of a green pa
contents are shown) which cells normally contain chloroplasts.
a)1 and 2.
b)1 and 4.
c) 2 and 3.
d)2 and 4.
The dorsal and ventral face of the leaf is surrounded by a cuticle secreted by the epidermis. In the middle, there are chlorenchyma and lacunar parenchyma cells. In the ventral face we can also find guard cells. Option D) 2 and 4.
What is leaf anatomy?Usually, in a leaf, we can identify two faces, the dorsal and the ventral ones. Both of them are protected by a dermal system, the epidermis that produces the cuticle.
On the ventral face, we can differentiate the stomata. Stomata are small pores placed in the leaf's surfaces, whose opening is regulated by two guard cells surrounding them.
Among other organelles, guard cells have chloroplasts to photosynthesize.
Inbetween the dorsal and ventral surfaces, we can find the fundamental tissue. This tissue is composed of
palisade parenchyma, known as chlorenchyma ⇒ cylindrical and elongated cells, very close to each other. The Chlorenchima is in charge of photosynthesis.lacunar parenchyma ⇒ short and rounded, with spaces in between. This tissue is related to substances' transport.In the exposed image,
1) Dorsal Epidermis
2) Clorenchima (palisade parenchyma)
3) Ventral Epidermis
4) Guard cells
According to this framework, Clorenchima (palisade parenchyma) and Guard cells have the highest number of chloroplasts.
Option D) is correct. 2 and 4.
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What does Napoleon do to show that he disagrees with Snowball's windmill plans?
Napoleon looks over Snowball's proposals and urinates on them to show his disdain. When Snowball has finished his blueprints, everyone gets together for a big meeting to decide whether to move through with the windmill project.
In Chapter 6, Napoleon asserts that Snowball was responsible for destroying the windmill. Because the reader is aware of the truth while the characters in the book believe Napoleon, this is a dramatic irony. A plot device that foreshadows future events; frequently raises the reader's tension or concern.
Napoleon makes a counterargument, claiming that building the windmill will divert time and resources away from the more important task of supplying food. Snowball is convinced that the windmill will eventually become a labour-saving technology.
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Describe at least 4 concepts learned this unit in genetics. Explain why each concept is important. (Digital biology 10th grade)
Transcription and gene regulatory networks. coding and noncoding RNA mechanisms of action and function. protein synthesis are 4 concepts learned this unit in genetics.
What is genetics?
The study of genes and heredity, or how particular characteristics or traits are passed from parents to offspring as a result of changes in DNA sequence, is known as genetics. A gene is a section of DNA that has the instructions needed to create one or more molecules that support bodily function. A double helix, or corkscrew-shaped ladder, is how DNA is shaped. The bases are pairs of the four building blocks adenine, thymine, guanine, and cytosine, and the two ladder rails are referred to as the backbones. The instructions for constructing molecules, the majority of which are proteins, are included in the sequences of these nucleotides. According to researchers, there are around 20,000 genes in humans.
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What will the offspring look like if you crossed a tall pea plant TT with a short one TT )?
If you crossed a tall pea plant TT with a short one TT all the offspring will be tall.
Dominance is the phenomena in genetics where one allele (variant) of a gene on one copy of a chromosome obscures or overrides the impact of another allele (variant) of the same gene on the other copy of the chromosome. [1][2] Dominant refers to the first variant, and recessive to the second.
In both Mendelian inheritance and traditional genetics, dominance is a crucial idea.
No allele or its features are inherently dominant (phenotype). One allele of a given gene may be dominant over a second allele of the same gene, recessive to a third allele, and co-dominant with a fourth allele; the relationship between two alleles of a given gene of any function is strictly relative.
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If a neurosurgeon directly stimulated parts of your somatosensory cortex, which of the following would you most likely experience
If a neurosurgeon directly stimulates the somatosensory cortex, the most likely experience would be the sense of being touched.
Somatosensory cortex is the part of the brain involved in receiving and processing of the information received from the senses of the body like touch, pain, temperature, etc. The region of the brain where the cortex is present in the parietal lobe.
Senses are the specialized organs of the body that make the individual aware of its surroundings. These senses act as receptors that receive the information from an external stimuli. There are 5 types of senses in human body: touch, vision, hearing, smell and taste.
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Which occurs just before a volcanic eruption?
Lava flows onto the sides of the volcano.
The expanding gases push magma through the pipe.
A pocket of magma forms beneath the volcano.
New rocks are formed as lava hardens.
Answer:
The expanding gases push magma through the pipe.
Explanation:
The activity that happens before the volcanic eruption is the expanding gases pushing magma through the pipe.
What do you mean by Volcanic eruption?A volcanic eruption may be defined as an activity that is responsible for an opening in the earth's crust through which lava, volcanic ash, and gases exit.
Before the volcanic eruption, several gases create an extreme pressure that efficiently pushes the magma through the pipe which leads to the flow of lava onto the sides of the volcano.
Therefore, the correct option for this question is B.
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What is meant by this statement: “Mutation is random, but natural selection is not random.”
Environment-related factors are thought to affect the rate of mutation but not typically the direction of mutation.
What is Mutation?Exposure to dangerous chemicals may speed up the rate of mutation, but it won't result in more changes that make the organism immune to those toxins.
Many mutations are in reality "random," according to tests, and did not happen because the organism was put in a setting where the mutation would be advantageous.
Esther and Joshua Lederberg found that many of these mutations for antibiotic resistance were already present in the population in 1952, even before the population had been exposed to the antibiotic.
Therefore, Environment-related factors are thought to affect the rate of mutation but not typically the direction of mutation.
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In the past 150 years, co, emissions have risen by nearly 50%. What has dramatically increased during this time that has led to this
increase in CO,?
Answer:
adfvadfbadfbadgbfz
Explanation:zdfbadadfadfa
PLEASE IM GONNA FAIL WILL GIVE BRAINLESS
What are the four reasons why Mendel choose garden pea for his experiment?
Mendel chose garden pea for his experiment because they have shorter life span, are bise-xual, self pollinating and have visible physical characteristics.
Mendel conducted a lot of experiments during his study in genetics. He considered garden pea ideal for his experiments for a number of reasons. The first reason being that garden pea has a short life span and because of this they are able to grow very quickly and are easy to maintain. The second reason is that they have visible physical characteristics which makes them easy to observe and study.
The other two reasons being that garden peas have bise-xual flowers and because of this, these garden peas are self-pollinating. They do not need another plant for pollination and can also easily cross pollinate.
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What is a unit of seed?
A unit of seed is the structure generally regarded as a seed in planting practices and in commercial channels.
The seed is the embryonic stage of the factory life cycle. utmost seeds correspond of three corridor embryo, endosperm, and seed fleece. The embryo is a bitsy factory that has a root, a stem, and one or further leaves. The endosperm is the nutritional towel of the seed, frequently a combination of bounce, oil painting, and protein.
Commercial channels means the trade of the commodity for which a commodity commission is established for use as food, artificial, agrarian or chemurgic use, when vended to any marketable buyer or to any person who resells the commodity or any product deduced therefrom.
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Tropical rainforests on the equator receive 12 hours of sunlight every day and the temperature
rarely goes about 34°C. Based on what you know about photosynthesis and the information in the graphs above,
explain how this relates to the high biodiversity (lots of plants and animals) found in tropical rainforests.
Due to its proximity to the equator, the tropical region enjoys a hot climate. In this area, the low temperature is 15 °C. The temperature can rise above 40°C in the summertime.
What is rainfall biodiversity?Rainfall is the total volume of water as falls as showers over the period of a week or a month. Rainfall is gathered from a variety of places and periods to estimate it since quantities might differ across sites and times.
What is biodiversity?Including the animals, plants, fungi, and even bacteria—that make up our natural world. These many creatures and species work together in intricate ecosystems resembling webs to maintain equilibrium and sustain life. Biodiversity is necessary for the survival of everything in nature that we depend on, including food, clean water, medicines, and shelter.
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What phenomenon leads to calico pigmentation in female cats?
In cats, the genes for coat pigmentation are X-linked, resulting in an orange or black coat color depending on which copy of the X chromosome each cell has activated. X inactivation occurs only in cells with multiple X chromosomes. This characterize why almost all calico cats are female.
Known for their distinctive black, orange, and white coat patches, the calico cat is an example of a genetic process known as "lionization." Because calico cats have a genetic condition called spotting. Mottled animals have white skin or patches of white fur. This is controlled by genes that affect the ability of skin cells to produce the pigments responsible for color.
The X chromosome determines a cat's color, and female cats, like all female mammals, have two X chromosomes, but male mammals, including the common male cat, have an X chromosome and a Y chromosome.
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Calculate the discharge of a stream that has a velocity of 300 m/s and is 25 m wide and 3 m deep.
Answer:
Discharge (Q) = Velocity (V) x Area (A)
Q = V x A
Q = 300 m/s x (25 m x 3 m)
Q = 22,500 m³/s
PLEASE TYPE THE RESPONSE Charles Darwin proposed that evolution by natural selection was the basis for the differences that he saw in similar organisms as he traveled and collected specimens in South America and on the Galapagos Islands. A) Explain the theory of evolution by natural selection as presented by Darwin. (6 Marks) B) Each of the following relates to an aspect of evolution by natural selection. Explain TWO of the following. (8 Marks) (i) Convergent evolution and the similarities among species in a particular biome. (ii) Natural selection and the formation of insecticide-resistant insects or antibiotic-resistant bacteria. (iii) Speciation and isolation. (iv) Natural selection and heterozygotes advantage.
According to the theory of evolution by natural selection as presented by Darwin, organisms breed more young than they can withstand in their surroundings.
Charles Darwin's theory of evolution is known as natural selection. Animals with heritable traits that favor survival and reproduction will often generate more offspring than their contemporaries given the shortage of resources in nature, increasing the population frequency of such traits across successive generations. Those with more physical capacity to endure, develop into adults, and reproduce.
Darwin started to question if South American species had made it to the Galapagos and had since transformed as a result of climatic adaptation. This notion—that species could alter over time—ultimately inspired Darwin to develop his theory of evolution through natural selection.
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Sooo “Drakes” are dragons and it was in a virtual lab and this is about meiosis. I don’t really know how to answer this because I had trouble with the assignment. Could someone plzzz help me? DONT give links and if u answer with a detailed answer, i’ll give u the crown!!! ✨✨
Answer:
ok, I'm gonna answer this as best as I can. basically, offspring don't look exactly like either parents because half of their genetic makeup comes from the mom, the other from the dad. and the genetics from each parent are always different for each sibling. the certain features each parent gives to their offspring are random. if one parent had a dominant trait for one feature, and the other parent has a recessive, the dominant overrides the recessive and the dominant trait is the phenotype (physical appearance). just because an offspring doesn't have the phenotype of a certain trait doesn't mean they don't have the genotype (the trait's gene) and that they can't. pass it onto their offspring in the future. I hope that makes sense, I tried my best! kinda hard to explain because I'm only 14 and just learned this stuff this year haha.
Which of the following types of models could be used to represent a cell?
a
idea model
b. physical model
С. computer model
d all of the above
Please select the best answer from the choices provided
A
ΟΟΟΟ
Answer:
I would say D- all of the above.
Explanation: