What is a common rock that can be dissolved by water and weak acids?
a) quartzite
b) quartz-rich sandstone
c) limestone
d) shale
e) all of the above

Many people living in sub-Saharan Africa primarily earn a living engaged in farming or pastoral herding, resulting in a region that is characterized by economies that are considered predominantly agricultural.

This means that a significant portion of the economy is based on the production and export of agricultural products such as crops, livestock, and other related goods. Agricultural activities are often carried out on a small scale and are heavily dependent on the climate and natural resources, making them vulnerable to factors such as droughts, pests, and soil degradation. Despite these challenges, agriculture remains a critical source of livelihood and income for millions of people in sub-Saharan Africa.

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Most volcanic activity is not noticed by humans because it happens in remote areas or in the ocean.

Also, some volcanoes are dormant for long ages of time, and people may not realize that it's still active. Indeed when  volcanoes do erupt, the  goods may be localized and may not be noticed by people in other  corridor of the world. lower eruptions may also not be detected, or they may  do in areas with  veritably many people.

also,  numerous  volcanoes are located in regions with  delicate access, making it hard for people to observe the  exertion.

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ATC facilities use radar weather processors to determine precipitation intensities as light, moderate, heavy and very heavy.

The intensity of precipitation is described using different terminologies, depending on the specific weather conditions or systems that are present. Most ATC facilities use the Weather Radar System to provide an accurate and reliable forecast of weather conditions in real-time.

The system uses Doppler radar to track weather patterns and detect precipitation. Doppler radar sends out radio waves that bounce back when they hit precipitation, and the return signal gives information about the location, intensity, and movement of precipitation.

The following are the precipitation intensity descriptions used in ATC facilities using radar weather processors:

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Answer:

Explanation:

CBD, inner city, suburbs, and rural-urban fringe are all terms used to describe different types of urban areas. Here are the differences between them:

CBD: The Central Business District (CBD) is the commercial and economic centre of a city. It is typically located in the downtown area and is characterized by tall buildings, high population density, and a concentration of commercial and business activities.

Inner city: The inner city is the older and often more densely populated area surrounding the CBD. It is typically characterized by older buildings, lower-income residents, and higher crime rates.

Suburbs: Suburbs are residential areas located outside of the city centre. They are typically characterized by low population density, single-family homes, and a higher standard of living. Suburbs are often seen as more desirable places to live due to their quieter atmosphere and access to green spaces.

Rural-urban fringe: The rural-urban fringe is the transitional area between the city and the surrounding countryside. It is characterized by low-density development, a mix of residential and agricultural land uses, and a growing interest in sustainable living.

In summary, CBDs are the commercial and economic centre of a city, inner cities are the older and often more densely populated area surrounding the CBD, suburbs are residential areas located outside of the city centre, and rural-urban fringe is the transitional area between the city and the surrounding countryside.

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Average temperature and annual precipitation are the primary determinants of the terrestrial biome that will develop in a given region. These factors can also play a role in the distribution of biomes.

Terrestrial biomes are ecosystems that exist on land, and they are characterized by the dominant plant life and climatic conditions. The temperature and precipitation patterns are important determinants of the type of biome that will form in a given area.The different types of terrestrial biomes include tundra, taiga, temperate forests, tropical rainforests, savannas, deserts, and grasslands. Each of these biomes has distinct vegetation, temperature range, and precipitation patterns.

However, other factors can play a role in the distribution of biomes. These include soil type, topography, and the presence of water bodies such as rivers, lakes, and oceans. Soil type can affect the nutrient availability, and hence the type of vegetation that can grow in an area. The topography can also affect temperature and precipitation patterns, which can influence the type of biome that will form.

In conclusion, while temperature and precipitation are the primary determinants of the type of terrestrial biome that will form in a given area, other factors can also play a role. These factors can affect the availability of nutrients and water, as well as the temperature and precipitation patterns.

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The Congo Basin is one of the most biodiverse regions in the world and is characterized by dense rainforests and high levels of rainfall. However, even within the Congo Basin, there are areas that receive particularly high levels of precipitation.

One of the areas with the highest level of precipitation in Africa is the eastern edge of the Congo Basin, which includes parts of Uganda, Rwanda, Burundi, and Tanzania. This area is known as the Albertine Rift, and it is characterized by high mountain ranges and steep valleys, which can cause orographic uplift and enhance rainfall. In particular, the Rwenzori Mountains, which straddle the border between Uganda and the Democratic Republic of Congo, are known for their high levels of precipitation. The peaks of the Rwenzoris are often shrouded in mist and fog, and the mountains receive an average of over 5,000 mm of rainfall per year, making them one of the wettest places in Africa. The high levels of precipitation in the Albertine Rift are important for the region's ecosystems, including its rainforests, wetlands, and lakes. However, they can also lead to hazards such as landslides and flooding, particularly in areas with steep slopes or poor soil stability.

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Large solar eruptions that occur near sunspots are called solar flares.

What are solar flares?

A solar flare is an explosive eruption of solar radiation from the Sun's surface. The Sun's magnetic field is the driving force behind these eruptions. The charged particles produced during these events can affect the Earth's magnetic field, causing geomagnetic storms and potentially interfering with satellite and communication systems.

According to NASA, solar flares are classified based on their brightness and duration. They are classified as C, M, or X flares, with X flares being the most powerful. The energy released during a solar flare can be equivalent to millions of hydrogen bombs.

What are sunspots?

A sunspot is a temporary region of the Sun's surface that is cooler than its surroundings. Sunspots are caused by the Sun's magnetic field. Sunspots appear as dark spots on the Sun's surface, but they are not actually dark. They only appear dark since they are cooler than the surrounding plasma.

The relationship between sunspots and solar flares is that solar flares often occur near sunspots. When sunspots form on the Sun's surface, they are associated with strong magnetic fields. These magnetic fields can cause intense solar eruptions, including solar flares and coronal mass ejections (CMEs).

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According to the description given, the foliation visible in the outcrop appears to be a foliation with a favored orientation. This happens when minerals within a rock align themselves in a preferred orientation.

The preferred orientation of phylosilicates, such as clay minerals, micas, and chlorite, is what leads to the majority of foliation. Non-hydrostatic or differential stress acting on the rock causes preferred orientation to evolve (also called deviatoric stress).

Differential stress is the ability of materials like rocks to withstand stresses of various intensities and orientations. Differential stress is the term used to describe the difference between the biggest and smallest stress. Layered texture is the consequence of grain alignment.

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Water protects fish when a lake freezes because of several key characteristics so all of the these characteristics therefore the correct option is B..

Cohesion, meaning it sticks together and is attracted to other water  molecules. This helps form a solid layer on the  face of the lake that insulates the fish below. Second, water is less  thick as a solid, meaning it's lighter and  thus floats on top of the  thick liquid water below. This helps to form a defensive layer that keeps the fish below safe.

Eventually, water is an excellent detergent, meaning it can dissolve  numerous substances. This helps to keep the water temperature below the freezing point, allowing the fish to remain comfortable. All of these characteristics help to  cover fish when a lake freezes.

Hence the correct option is B.

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Referring to the accompanying seismogram, the seismic wave that had the highest amplitude when it reached the seismic station is the surface waves.

A seismogram is a graphical representation of seismic waves that are detected by a seismometer. These waves are produced by natural and artificial earthquakes, volcanic activity, and explosions.

A seismogram displays the passage of different types of seismic waves through the Earth's interior. On the horizontal axis, the time is plotted. On the vertical axis, the amplitude of the seismic waves is plotted. Seismograms are used to study earthquakes and seismic waves produced by human activities.

The three different types of seismic waves are P-waves, S-waves, and surface waves.

P-waves or primary waves travel through the Earth's interior, and they are the fastest seismic waves. These waves are longitudinal, meaning that the particles move in a back-and-forth direction along the same line as the wave's movement.

S-waves or secondary waves are transverse waves, meaning that they move up and down perpendicular to the wave's direction of movement. They are slower than P-waves and can only pass through solids.

Surface waves are the slowest seismic waves and can cause the most damage. They are produced when P-waves and S-waves reach the Earth's surface. These waves move along the Earth's surface and produce rolling and shaking motions.

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The boundary between tectonic plates that are colliding is called a convergent boundary. The word convergent means to come together or to meet at a common point.

Tectonic plates are slabs of lithosphere that move on the asthenosphere's ductile and flowing mantle beneath Earth's surface. The lithosphere is made up of Earth's outermost layer, including the crust and the uppermost part of the mantle, which is strong and rigid. It is divided into several large and small plates that move independently of one another.

Earth's lithosphere is broken up into many tectonic plates, and these plates float on the asthenosphere's plastic-like mantle material. When two tectonic plates collide, a convergent boundary is formed. Convergent boundaries are where two plates move toward each other, with one plate slipping beneath the other in a process known as subduction.

The subduction zone forms the boundary between two tectonic plates. The boundary between the overriding and subducting plates, known as the Benioff zone, is the location of intense seismic activity caused by the sinking of the subducting plate.

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Water vapor is the major dissolved volatile constituent in both magmas and volcanic gases.

Water vapor is a product of the melting of hydrous minerals and is the most abundant  unpredictable  element in magmas. It's an important  element of  numerous  volcanic gases and can  regard for over to 90 of the total gas volume. Water vapor is a  crucial  element of explosive eruptions, as it can significantly increase the  density of magma and

reduce the pressure of the  girding atmosphere, leading to explosive release of  feasts and magma. When water vapor is released from magma, it can carry with it other volatiles,  similar as sulfur dioxide and carbon dioxide, which are important  factors of  volcanic eruptions.

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Answer:

Nigeria

Explanation:

Nigeria holds the title of the largest democracy in Africa.

In the largest and most populous country in Africa, which is thought to contain more than 200 million inhabitants, the previous eight years have been especially gloomy for many. Almost all of the issues facing the nation, such as the economy and security, have deepened into crises.

Since the administration of departing President Muhammadu Buhari assumed office in 2015, millions of jobs have been lost, and over half of the country's youth are unemployed. The naira, the currency of Nigeria, has lost value as inflation has skyrocketed and oil output has fallen to a 40-year low.

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Answer:

No, scientists can only look for early warning signs.

Explanation:

Scientists cannot predict earthquakes exactly because by the time you get to feel the shock waves, the earth quake has already reached you.

Scientists who study earthquakes say there is no method at present which can predict the time and intensity of this natural calamity. While the probability of an earthquake can be estimated, those claiming to predict the exact date and time are just fooling the public.

According to the United States Geological Survey (USGS), one of the most reliable and technically advanced organization involved in studying earthquakes, scientists are unlikely to be ever be able to predict them.

Seismologists and geologists universally agree that predicting an earthquake is not possible. They say that while there is always a change of a major earthquake in a geologically active area like the Himalayas where the Eurasian and Indian plates meet, there is no scientific method to find out in advance the date, time and intensity is such a temblor. On the basis of scientific data and studies, the probability of a future earthquake can be calculated, but even then it is not every accurate.

The correct option is B. The Ganges has now become one of the most polluted rivers in the world.

Hinduism has revered the Ganges as a holy river for thousands of years. Hindus, who number in the millions, engage in religious practices like purifying ceremonies and the dumping of the dead in rivers. One of the world's most contaminated rivers is now this one.

Three million liters of sewage are dumped into the Ganges every day, but only approximately half of that has received any sort of treatment. The river is one of the most polluted streams in the world because of how filthy its waters are.

Since ancient times, this river has remained the sacred river for Hindus and people across the world comes to visit various ghats and do many rituals. But due to increasing population and improper discharge of factory water and many other such reasons have contributed to its adverse condition.

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The flow of the Atlantic Gulf Stream has a huge impact on the climate of Ireland. The warm waters of the Gulf Stream flow northward and help to warm the Irish climate, making it milder than it would otherwise be.

This warm flow of water helps to moderate the temperature, allowing temperatures to remain higher in winter and cooler in summer than other parts of Europe. This also means that Ireland receives more rainfall than other parts of Europe and is more prone to stormy weather.

Ireland's mild climate is ideal for agriculture, allowing for a greater variety of crops to be grown and for more animals to be raised. The Gulf Stream also has an influence on the formation of the Irish Sea, which helps to protect Ireland from the worst of the Atlantic storms. All in all, the flow of the Atlantic Gulf Stream has had a huge positive impact on the climate of Ireland, making it much more hospitable for life.

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Answer: 1 Mansa Sulaiman was a ruler of the Mali Empire during the 14th century, and his palace was known for its impressive architecture and grandeur. Visitors to his palace would have been impressed by the intricate designs and artwork, as well as the vast courtyards and gardens.

2 Griots, Ancestor worship, Divination, and Social hierarchies

3 Hospitality: Ibn Battuta noted that the people of Mali were very hospitable and generous. He wrote about the elaborate welcome ceremony that he received when he arrived in Mali, which included a procession of horses and a large group of people who came to greet him. He also mentioned that the people of Mali were very generous with their gifts and would often offer him food, clothing, and other items as a sign of respect and hospitality.

Dress: Ibn Battuta commented on the clothing worn by the people of Mali. He noted that the wealthy people of Mali wore garments made of fine cotton or silk, while the common people wore clothing made of animal hides or coarse cloth. He also observed that many people in Mali wore a type of hat made from the skin of a certain animal, which was considered a symbol of status.

Music and Entertainment: Ibn Battuta observed that the people of Mali were very fond of music and entertainment. He wrote about the griots, who were highly respected musicians and storytellers, and the elaborate musical performances that he witnessed during his travels. He also noted that the people of Mali enjoyed other forms of entertainment, such as wrestling matches and camel races.

4 The process of learning the Qur'an was very structured and disciplined. Students would begin by learning the Arabic alphabet and basic grammar, and then move on to memorizing short passages from the Qur'an. As they progressed, they would memorize longer and more complex passages, until they had memorized the entire text of the Qur'an.

The teaching methods used in these schools emphasized repetition and recitation, with students often memorizing passages by repeating them out loud over and over again. The students would also receive instruction in the proper pronunciation and intonation of the Arabic language, so that they could recite the Qur'an with proper reverence and respect.

5 a. While Ibn Battuta generally had positive things to say about the people of Mali, there were a few aspects that he found unfavorable. One of the main criticisms that he had was with the hygiene practices of the people. He noted that they did not use soap when washing themselves, and that they did not use toilet paper when going to the bathroom. He also found the practice of polygamy to be somewhat problematic, as it often led to family disputes and conflicts.

b. Ibn Battuta had a few criticisms of the customs and practices of Mali as well. One of the main issues that he had was with the practice of animal sacrifice, which he found to be cruel and unnecessary. He also criticized the custom of circumcision, which was commonly practiced in Mali at the time. He felt that the procedure was performed in a crude and unsanitary manner, and that it was often unnecessarily painful for the boys who underwent it. Finally, he expressed some discomfort with the clothing worn by some of the women in Mali, which he felt was immodest and revealed too much of the body.

6 As a devout Muslim, Ibn Battuta's own religious convictions may have influenced his opinion of the people of Mali. For example, he may have been more critical of practices or customs that he felt were not in accordance with Islamic teachings or values. He may have also been more impressed by those aspects of Malian society that were more closely aligned with his own religious beliefs.

For example, Ibn Battuta may have been impressed by the religious devotion of the people of Mali, who were primarily Muslim at the time of his travels. He may have admired their commitment to learning the Qur'an and their adherence to Islamic rituals and practices. On the other hand, he may have been critical of practices or customs that he felt were inconsistent with Islamic teachings, such as the use of animal sacrifice or the practice of polygamy.

there

Argentina and Australia protect agriculture less heavily than other agricultural producers because they have a comparative advantage in other industries. Both countries have rich natural resources, making them major exporters of minerals and energy products.

The importance of agriculture in these countries' economies has declined over the years due to the rise of other industries. In Argentina, the government has reduced agricultural protectionism due to the economic benefits of liberalization. The country has an excellent climate and fertile land, making it a significant producer of soybeans, corn, and wheat.

However, over time, agriculture has struggled due to natural disasters, currency devaluations, and trade restrictions. Consequently, the government has decreased its protection of agriculture to encourage economic diversification and growth.

In Australia, agriculture has also declined in importance, accounting for only a small percentage of GDP. The country has instead prioritized the mining industry, which accounts for a significant percentage of its exports. However, despite this, the government still offers some protection to farmers to ensure their survival in a competitive global market.

In conclusion, countries like Argentina and Australia have shifted their focus from agriculture to other industries due to their comparative advantage. As a result, they have decreased their protection of agriculture, preferring to prioritize economic diversification and growth.

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Answer:

It’s because the Indian subcontinent is surrounded by water on three sides of its land

The climatology of a location is examined by meteorologists who examine the evolution of precipitation during a 20-year period in the area.

The study of long-term trends and variations in temperature, precipitation, and other weather-related variables is known as climatology.

Meteorologists can discover changes in the region's precipitation patterns and establish if the climate is becoming drier or wetter by evaluating data over a period of at least 20 years. Agriculture, water management, and disaster preparedness are just a few of the uses for this information.

To collect and evaluate data and forecast future climate patterns, climatologists employ a number of technologies, such as satellite images, ground-based weather stations, and computer models.

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The question is -

Meteorologists studying the change in a region's precipitation over a 20-year period are studying the region's __________.

The Persian gulf is an important part of the shipping route for oil in the Middle East. Hence, option D is correct.

The Persian Gulf is a narrow body of water that connects the Arabian Peninsula to Iran. One of the biggest and most significant oil fields in the world is located here. It is one of the primary methods used to transport oil from the abundant resources of Kuwait, Saudi Arabia, Iran, and other nations that border its coastline. The Persian Gulf serves as a vital shipping route for all of the nations in that region that generate oil.

Between northeast Africa and Asia, there is an arm of the Indian Ocean known as the Red Sea. It was a crucial component of the spice trade in the Middle Ages and is still important for transportation today.

For Russia, the Black Sea serves as a crucial commercial and transit route. Due to their reliance on the Russian port of Novorossiysk for the shipping of grain and oil, both Russia and Central Asian nations have significant influence over the landlocked region of Central Asia.

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Solar eruptions near sunspots are known as solar flares.

A solar flare is a  unforeseen,  violent burst of radiation  forming from the sun's  face, caused by the release of  glamorous  energy stored in the Sun's atmosphere. Solar flares can be caused by a variety of sources,  similar as sunspots,  glamorous  reconnection, and solar gyration.

The solar flares can last from  twinkles to hours, and can be extremely  important; emitting a tremendous  quantum of energy in the form ofX-rays, gamma  shafts, and other forms of high- energy radiation. Solar flares can disrupt Earth's atmosphere, performing in  dislocation to dispatches, navigation, and power systems on the ground.

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The capital of a large island nation in the Indian Ocean is Port Louis, located on the island of Mauritius.

Mauritius is a small, multi-cultural island nation located off the southeast coast of Africa. It is known for its stunning beaches, vibrant culture, and diverse wildlife. The capital city of Port Louis is home to a variety of cultural attractions, including the Natural History Museum, the Caudan Waterfront, and the Aapravasi Ghat, a UNESCO World Heritage Site.

The city also offers a wide range of shopping, dining, and entertainment options. As a major port and cruise ship destination, Port Louis offers a unique blend of modernity and tradition, making it an ideal destination for tourists.

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The movement of weathered rock by wind, water, or ice is called erosion.

Erosion is the process of the gradual wearing away or displacement of rock and soil through the action of natural elements. Wind erosion occurs when wind picks up and carries small particles of sand and dust, resulting in the sculpting of landscapes such as sand dunes.

Water erosion occurs when running water wears away the soil and rock, forming channels, valleys, and canyons. Ice erosion, also known as glacial erosion, occurs when glaciers move over the land, carrying rocks and debris and carving out valleys and fjords.

Erosion is a natural process that can have significant impacts on the landscape over time, including changes to the shape and structure of landforms and the redistribution of sediment and nutrients. However, human activities such as deforestation, construction, and mining can accelerate erosion and lead to harmful environmental impacts.

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During an El Niño event, the South Equatorial Current reverses direction and flows over the top of northern portions of the Peru Current.

This causes warmer surface ocean waters along the northwest coast of South America. The warmer water displaces the cold, nutrient-rich water that typically upwells along the coast, leading to changes in marine ecosystems and weather patterns in the region. These changes can have significant impacts on local fisheries, as well as on agriculture and other industries that rely on predictable weather patterns.

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The main causes of the decrease in CO2 levels in the atmosphere, thus avoiding a runaway warming, were ocean absorption of CO2, chemical weathering, and limestone and dolomite deposition in oceans. The correct option is D: "all of the above."

The Snowball Earth hypothesis proposes that, from 720 to 635 million years ago, the Earth's surface was completely or almost entirely covered in ice and glaciers. This is the period when our planet was subjected to its most extreme ice age. Then, it is supposed that, in a span of just a few thousand years, this snowball Earth scenario was transformed into a planet that was much warmer than today's.

This was caused by the rapid increase in greenhouse gas concentrations in the atmosphere, which caused a greenhouse effect that kept heat trapped in the Earth's atmosphere. The runaway warming was prevented by various mechanisms that led to a decrease in CO2 levels in the atmosphere. These mechanisms are as follows:

All of the above-mentioned mechanisms contributed to a decrease in CO2 levels in the atmosphere, thus avoiding a runaway warming.

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A Physiological boundary in Europe would be a place such as the Alps or the Danube river.

Physiographic boundaries in Europe refer to natural features such as mountains, rivers, and other physical terrain features that serve as natural borders between different regions or countries.

Examples of physiographic boundaries in Europe include the Alps, which separate Italy from France, Switzerland, Austria, and Slovenia; the Pyrenees, which form the border between France and Spain; the Danube River, which separates eastern and western Europe; and the Ural Mountains, which mark the boundary between Europe and Asia.

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Answer:

Q. 1) From the following choices, please identify the three characteristics that represent the Middle East.

Select 3 correct answer(s):

A. Located in Europe, Asia, and Africa

B. Oil is the most valuable natural resource

D. Most countries speak Arabic

Q. 2) Identify two key economic facts of the Middle East. (choose all that apply)

Select 2 correct answer(s):

Aswan High Dam increases agricultural production

Strait of Hormuz drives oil transportation

The three characteristics that represent the Middle East are:

A. Located in Europe, Asia, and Africa.

B. Oil is the most valuable natural resource.

D. Most countries speak Arabic.

Arabia, Asia Minor, East Thrace, Egypt, Iran, the Levant, Mesopotamia, and the Socotra Archipelago are all considered to be parts of the Middle East. Beginning in the early 20th century, the phrase began to replace the phrase "Near East" in everyday speech.

13 out of the 18 countries in the Middle East are Arab nations. Saudi Arabia is the largest Middle Eastern country in terms of area, with Egypt, Turkey, and Iran having the highest populations in the region.

Two economic factors of the Middle East are-

Therefore, the characteristics and two key economic facts of the Middle East are mentioned above.

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