what is the definition of magma mixing? when magma incorporates more dissolved gases when one rising magma will overtake a second and the two intermix when rising magma melts surrounding country rock and incorporates it when magma mixes with fluids to become more dilute

Answer: A waterfall is a point in a river or stream where water flows over a vertical drop or a series of steep drops.

Explanation:

The 13-C and 18-O spikes at the PETM can be used to interpret the climate sensitivity of the Earth to changes in atmospheric CO2 concentration.

The 13-C and 18-O spikes are markers in the fossil record that indicate a rapid increase in atmospheric CO2 during the PETM, which is associated with global warming and climate change.

By studying the magnitude of these spikes, scientists can estimate how much the global temperature increased due to the increased atmospheric CO2 during the PETM.

This information can then be compared with estimates of the amount of CO2 present in the atmosphere today to infer the climate sensitivity of the Earth to changes in atmospheric CO2 concentration.

In other words, climate sensitivity is the extent to which global temperatures will change in response to a given increase in atmospheric CO2 concentration.

This understanding of climate sensitivity can then be used to inform and guide decisions about future policy related to greenhouse gas emissions.

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Answer:

Sustainable tourism

Explanation:

Sustainable tourism takes into account the immediate and long-term financial, social, and environmental effects of tourism on all parties involved in the industry. Despite the slow yet steady increase in the number of enterprises claiming to be accountable or green, the authenticity remains that the current system of mass international tourism is utterly unsustainable.

Option B, The following best describes a seismic gap: unusually quiet zones along typically active faults.

A seismic gap is a section of an active fault zone where there has been little to no seismic activity recently.

These areas are thought to be capable of producing powerful earthquakes and might be a sign of increased stress and strain in the crust of the Earth. Geologic research and historical records can shed light on the frequency and size of previous earthquakes in the area, which is how seismic gaps are often found.

Scientists can better assess the likelihood of future earthquakes and create plans to lessen their damage by keeping an eye on seismic gaps. Seismic gaps also show how active the Earth's crust is and how plate tectonics is still in progress.

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After the front passes, the weather in El Paso will see B. Cooler Temperatures.

The cold front brings cooler air from the north or northwest, replacing the warm air that was in place before. The drop in temperature can be significant, and you may feel a sudden chill in the air.

The passage of a cold front can often clear out any cloud cover or precipitation that was present before the front arrived. This is because the cold air behind the front is denser and drier than the warm air ahead of it, and it can help to push any clouds or precipitation out of the area. El Paso will therefore see cooler temperatures and clearer skies.

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The surface area of the cerebrum is high due to the presence of folds and grooves, which together are called cerebral convolutions or gyri (singular: gyrus) and sulci (singular: sulcus).

What is a gyrus?

A gyrus is a convolution of the brain's cerebral cortex, which is a raised ridge on the brain's surface. The brain's cortex is made up of several folds called gyri, which is why the brain's surface is known as the cerebral cortex.

What is a sulcus?

A sulcus is a groove or crease in the brain's surface, often between two gyri, that divides it into different lobes. The central sulcus, for example, is a deep groove that runs from the top to the bottom of the brain and separates the frontal lobe from the parietal lobe in humans.

What is the purpose of gyri and sulci?

Gyri and sulci increase the brain's surface area, which helps to improve the processing power of the brain by providing additional space for nerve cells to connect and communicate. It also allows the brain to fit into the skull while keeping the brain's size and weight to a minimum.

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The given statement "Beijing is located on the southern coast of China" is False.

Beijing is not located on the southern coast of China. The city is located in the northern part of the country, far from the southern coast.

What is Beijing?

Beijing is the capital city of the People's Republic of China.

The city is located in the northern part of the country, far from the southern coast. Beijing is one of China's four municipalities, with a population of over 20 million people in the metropolitan area.

Yet it’s known as much for modern architecture as its ancient sites such as the grand Forbidden City complex, the imperial palace during the Ming and Qing dynasties.

Nearby, the massive Tiananmen Square pedestrian plaza is the site of Mao Zedong’s mausoleum and the National Museum of China, displaying a vast collection of cultural relics.

The city is renowned for its opulent palaces, temples, parks, gardens, tombs, walls and gates.

Beijing is one of the most important tourist destinations of the world. In 2018, Beijing was the second highest earning tourist city in the world after Shanghai.

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Remote sensing is a powerful tool used by geographers to analyze and monitor the Earth's surface from a distance. It involves capturing images from the sky using satellites, aeroplanes, or other airborne platforms.

These images are then used to create detailed maps that can be used to identify changes in the Earth's surface. Fundamentally, remote sensing involves the interpretation of reflected electromagnetic energy from the Earth's surface and atmosphere. Different wavelengths of energy, such as visible light, near-infrared, and thermal infrared, are used to collect data about the Earth's surface.

For example, visible light can be used to identify the presence of vegetation, while near-infrared can be used to measure the water content of plants. Thermal infrared can be used to measure surface temperature. The data collected through remote sensing can be used to better understand the Earth's surface, and can also be used to monitor changes over time.

This data can be used to track climate change, map land use, monitor deforestation, detect geological features, and identify hazards.

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Linear scars on the ocean floor are caused by the collision of two plates along convergent plate margins and this part of Earth's cumulative hypsographic curve is known as a continental shelf.

The continental shelf is typically the area extending from the shoreline to the continental slope. The continental slope marks the beginning of the deep ocean basin and the continental shelf is the part of the ocean floor that is shallow and relatively flat. The continental shelf is typically divided into a series of shelves and basins, which are also known as abysmal basins.

The shelves are generally lower than the continent and rise gradually up to the continental slope. The continental shelf also includes shallow coastal bays, which are formed when sediment is deposited on the shoreline. This part of Earth's cumulative hypsographic curve is important for many oceanic activities, including fishing, navigation, and oil exploration.

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Drumlins are created when glaciers move over old moraines and deposit sediment carried by the glacier, forming a sloping tail on the older Moraine.

A drumlin is a low hill that is elongated and is made up of till, which is a mixture of sediments that are deposited beneath glaciers. Drumlins are frequently recognized by their smooth, elongated, and streamlined shape. In a north-south or northwest-southeast orientation, they are often closely grouped in numbers ranging from a few to tens of thousands. Their orientation, size, and other characteristics can be used to decipher the direction, rate, and style of ice flow during glaciation. Drumlins can range in height from several meters to hundreds of meters, and their length can range from 100 meters to over 5 kilometers.

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When excessive rain falls on a developing soil, the flow of water through the soil can lead to the loss of important minerals through a process called Leaching.

Leaching is the loss of soluble materials and nutrients from the soil due to the action of rainfall, irrigation water, and drainage.It occurs when rainwater or irrigation water percolates through the soil, leaching out the soluble minerals and nutrients from the soil.

Leaching can be beneficial to crops grown in soils containing excessive salt or toxic substances, such as heavy metals.In such cases, leaching removes the excess salt and toxic substances, making the soil healthier for the plants.

However, when the rate of leaching exceeds the rate of nutrient replacement, soil fertility can be adversely impacted.

The effects of leaching can be positive or negative. It can have the following effects on the soil:

In summary, Leaching is the process by which soluble materials and nutrients are removed from the soil through the action of rainfall, irrigation water, and drainage.

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Being closer to the ocean and ocean currents bringing cooler air cause these cooler temperatures. The option A and C are correct.

The sea will warm up more slowly than the land when the sun is brilliantly blazing over the planet. Air will ascend as the ground warms, resulting in a low pressure. The sinking air and high pressure above the sea will be caused by the colder ocean waters.

In order to generate a wind, air will move from a high to a low pressure area. It will feel a little bit cooler along a waterfront because the sea breeze will be created when the colder air above the ocean flows to the warmer air off the shore. In addition to the sea breeze layer, which occurs between the warm and cold air, the warm air's lift can also lead to the development of thunderstorms along the warm later.

The question is incomplete. The complete question is , "Your family moves from Tennessee to California. After a few weeks, you notice that temperatures are much cooler in California than they were in Tennessee. Which factors cause these cooler temperatures? Check all that apply.

A. being closer to the ocean

B. being farther from the ocean

C. ocean currents bringing cooler air

D. ocean currents bringing warmer air

E. mountain ranges"

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glaciers

thid is because its big on both sides

Glaciers are large masses of very thick ice found above the snow line.

A glacier is a large, long-lasting mass of ice that forms on land and flows downhill due to the accumulation of snow and ice. It's basically a frozen river of ice that can stretch for miles and is constantly changing shape and size. A glacier can only form when snow and ice accumulation exceed the amount of snow and ice that melt away, and this process can take hundreds or thousands of years. Glaciers can be classified as alpine or valley glaciers, which form in high-altitude areas with cold temperatures and heavy snowfall, or ice sheets, which form in polar regions and can cover entire continents. Glaciers can be found all over the world, from the polar ice caps to the highest mountains on every continent. Glaciers play a significant role in shaping the landscape and are also an important source of freshwater.

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The area behind an island arc that develops a spreading center and submarine canyons transport sediment from the continental shelf to the continental is a Back-arc basin.

A back-arc basin is a portion of the seafloor that is located behind an island arc. It develops as the result of the extensional tectonic forces that are produced by the subduction of oceanic crust beneath the overriding continental crust. As the oceanic crust is pulled downward, the mantle beneath it partially melts and forms magma.

This magma rises to the surface and is erupted as lava, which cools and solidifies to form new seafloor.

The magma generated beneath the island arc is often rich in water and other volatiles, which can help to weaken the overlying crust and allow it to extend.

As the crust extends, it thins and eventually breaks apart, creating a new spreading center. This spreading center is typically characterized by a series of parallel ridges that run perpendicular to the island arc. As the seafloor spreads, it creates new crust and widens the back-arc basin.Submarine canyons are formed by the erosive action of sediment-laden currents that flow downslope from the continental shelf to the abyssal plain.

These currents are generated by a variety of processes, including tidal action, storms, and density-driven currents. As the currents flow downslope, they carve deep channels into the seafloor, which are eventually filled with sediment transported from the continental shelf.

The canyons can extend for hundreds of kilometers and are important conduits for sediment transport from the continental shelf to the abyssal plain.

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If Mars was warmer and wetter in the past, the following must be true: Mars once had a much thicker atmosphere. The correct option is "Mars once had a much thicker atmosphere.

Mars is a terrestrial planet that is the fourth from the Sun in the Solar System. Mars is smaller than Earth, but it is still one of the planets that scientists are interested in exploring. It is a cold and desert-like planet now, but it was once warmer and wetter.

The atmosphere of Mars is one of the primary reasons for its present-day state. The Martian atmosphere is very thin and has a lower pressure than Earth's atmosphere.

Mars' magnetic field was destroyed four billion years ago by an intense solar storm, leaving the planet unprotected from the Sun's radiation. Mars has a thinner atmosphere today than it did in the past.

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winds that are geostrophic at heights above the earth. The creation of high and low-pressure systems is a result of geostrophic winds,

A theoretical wind known as geostrophic wind is produced when the atmosphere's Coriolis force and pressure gradient force are balanced. When there is no friction, the air moves at a constant speed parallel to the isobars. In the upper atmosphere, where the pressure gradient force predominates and the Coriolis force is considerable, this sort of wind is frequently observed. The creation of high and low-pressure systems is a result of geostrophic winds, which are also crucial to the atmosphere's general circulation. But friction and turbulence at the Earth's surface also contribute to the complexity and variability of the wind.

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North of the Arctic Circle and south of the Antarctic Circle, the Sun is up during their respective summers or summer solstices.

North of the Arctic Circle and south of the Antarctic Circle the Sun is up during their summer months.

The Arctic Circle is the latitude above which the sun does not set on the day of the summer solstice (June 21) and does not rise on the day of the winter solstice (December 21). The Antarctic Circle is the southernmost of the Earth's five main circles of latitude. It is located south of the Equator at 66.33 degrees south latitude, and it describes the parallel of latitude that is the farthest south where the sun can be seen above the horizon for at least one day a year.

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There is a disease in Africa known as chikungunya, this disease is caused due to mosquitoes. While mosquitoes grow in stagnant water.

Africa is a continent, the continent is famous for its poverty and high inflation and low quality of life. The continent has many diseases including chikungunya that can be controlled by proper drainage of water.

Waste water needs to be disposed off properly to stop growth of mosquitoes that cause chikungunya disease and more like that. The citizens of Africa can be educated about how to dispose waste water carefully so that it does not cause mosquitoes to grow.

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The term that describes soil that remains in place after having formed by weathering of the underlying bedrock is residual soil.

What is residual soil?

Residual soil, also known as residuum, is soil that forms from the weathering of bedrock that has remained in place. This soil is formed by in situ weathering and usually remains where it is formed. The weathering processes cause the bedrock to disintegrate into small particles, resulting in the formation of residual soil.

Residual soils are usually found on slopes and hilltops, where weathering is highest, and are often composed of coarse particles due to the intense weathering that occurs. They are generally thick and can be of varying depths depending on the bedrock they have formed from. The soil is typically rocky and nutrient-poor, which limits plant growth. Residual soils are classified as 4th-order soils according to the Soil Taxonomy. The Soil Taxonomy ranks soils into 12 orders based on their characteristics.

Residual soil is soil that forms from the weathering of bedrock that has remained in place.

Residual soils are usually found on slopes and hilltops, where weathering is highest. They are typically rocky and nutrient-poor. Residual soils are classified as 4th-order soils according to the Soil Taxonomy.

The word used to describe soil that stays in its original place after being formed by the weathering of the underlying bedrock is "residual soil".

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The maturity of a volcano can be inferred from the pattern of volcanic eruption from basal fissures and the presence of parasitic cones along the flanks of the volcano.

Interpretation of a mature volcano can be made from the pattern of volcanic eruptions and the presence of parasitic cones on the flanks of the volcano.

Basal fissures are fractures that form at the base of a volcano, which are created by the accumulation of magma beneath the surface. Most volcanic eruptions from basal fissures indicate that the volcano has undergone numerous eruptions over a long period.

Parasitic cones are small, subsidiary volcanic vents that are formed on the flanks of a larger volcano. They arise due to the discharge of magma that has migrated through fractures or tunnels in the volcano's crust.

The presence of parasitic cones along the flanks of the volcano also indicates that the volcano has been active over a long period of time, resulting in magma escaping from different points.

Thus, the maturity of a volcano with these characteristics suggests that it has experienced many eruptions and has been active for an extended period.

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Sea level rise and climate change are closely related to one another. Due to thermal expansion, which occurs as water warms up, as well as the melting of snow, glaciers, and ice caps, sea level rises as our climate warms.

How climate change is affecting sea levels around the world?

High tides and storm surges will cause flooding in coastal towns more frequently and more severely as sea levels rise. Such floods will eventually harm buildings, bridges, roads, and other infrastructure, which will decrease property values. Rising sea levels are already having an impact on many coastal towns.

The expected rise in coastal floods throughout the European coast will be influenced by mean sea level rise. What is an extraordinary occurrence now may become the norm by the end of the century in some places due to significant changes in flood frequency. The addition of water from melting ice sheets and glaciers and the expansion of warm saltwater are the two main contributors to sea level rise that are connected to global warming. The change is shown in the first graph.

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To prepare a map for analysis in Arc GIS Online after adding several layers to determine where in the U.S. people spend the most amount of money on their pets, one should carry out two actions in ArcGIS Online: Add data and Configure pop-up.

ArcGIS Online is a cloud-based mapping and data sharing software that enables businesses to produce and share maps, data, and analysis from anywhere. It's a web application that allows users to access and use maps and data from anywhere in the world.

It is part of the ArcGIS suite of software, which includes ArcMap, Arc Catalog, and Arc Scene. Add Data To add data in ArcGIS Online, follow these steps:

Step 1: Sign in to ArcGIS Online.

Step 2: Choose the desired folder or location for the data

Step 3: Select the Add button on the menu bar.

Step 4: Select the type of data to upload from the drop-down list. Configure Pop-up

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If the trend of global temperature increase continues, the troposphere will contain more water vapor.

This is one of the consequences of the increase in global temperature.

What is Global Temperature?

The average temperature of the planet Earth is referred to as global temperature. The temperature is calculated by combining air temperatures over land and sea surface temperatures. Earth's climate system's various components, such as the atmosphere, the ocean, the land surface, and the cryosphere (ice and snow-covered areas), interact with one another in intricate ways to create the planet's weather and climate.

This indicates that changes in one component of the climate system can have significant effects on the other components.Water vapor is an essential atmospheric constituent, and it has an effect on climate. Water vapor is a greenhouse gas, which means that it absorbs the radiation from the sun and emits it in various directions.

The heating of the Earth's atmosphere is caused by water vapor's absorption of long-wave radiation. As a result, an increase in temperature in the Earth's atmosphere causes an increase in water vapor. As a result, a positive feedback loop is formed, causing the Earth's temperature to continue to rise.

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Of the three water potentials that make up total soil-water potential Compaction affects matric potential.

The hydraulic potential, the gravitational potential, and the matric potential are the three water potentials that contribute to the total soil-water potential.

Matric potential is the most affected by compaction.

Compaction has a negative impact on the overall structure of the soil. This can lead to a reduction in water and nutrient availability to plants. In a compacted soil, there is a reduction in pore space, and the particles are closer together.

The reduced pore space means that the matric potential is affected the most by compaction.

The matric potential of soil is the energy that holds water molecules in the soil against gravity. The matric potential increases as the pore size decreases, making it more difficult for water to move through the soil.

This can result in soil drying out faster and nutrient deficiencies as the roots are not able to access the available water and nutrients.

Soil compaction can occur when the soil is compressed by natural or human-made processes, reducing the pore space between soil particles.

As a result, the soil's ability to retain water decreases, and the matric potential becomes more negative. This negative potential makes it more difficult for plant roots to extract water from the soil, which can lead to decreased plant growth and yield.

Thus, soil compaction can significantly affect the matric potential and, therefore, the ability of plants to access water in the soil.

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Answer: The variability in atmospheric conditions such as temperature, humidity, wind, and precipitation over short timescales is referred to as "weather".

Explanation:

In conclusion, the variability in atmospheric conditions such as temperature, humidity, wind, and precipitation over short timescales is referred to as weather. The study of atmospheric science helps us to understand the weather and the atmosphere better. There are many types of atmospheric phenomena, such as thunderstorms, tornadoes, and hurricanes, which can cause damage and destruction, but weather forecasting and prediction can help us to prepare for such events.

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Evidence Card: Prevailing Winds in a Normal Year.

Explanation of Evidence: Prevailing winds near the equator affect ocean temperatures and currents, which in turn can influence weather patterns globally, including in Christchurch.

Best Supported Claim: Christchurch's air temperature during El Niño years is cooler than usual because the prevailing winds near the equator change, leading to altered ocean temperatures and currents that affect global weather patterns.

The evidence from the Prevailing Winds in a Normal Year card suggests that the prevailing winds near the equator can influence ocean temperatures and currents, which in turn can have a global impact on weather patterns. This information is relevant to the question at hand because El Niño is a phenomenon that occurs when the prevailing winds in the equatorial Pacific weaken or reverse, causing warmer than usual ocean temperatures and altering weather patterns globally.

Therefore, the best-supported claim is that Christchurch's air temperature during El Niño years is cooler than usual because the prevailing winds near the equator change, leading to altered ocean temperatures and currents that affect global weather patterns.

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An intense storm that forms in the northern Atlantic is called a hurricane, while a similar storm that forms in the western North Pacific is called a typhoon.

Both hurricanes and typhoons are tropical cyclones that form over warm ocean waters and are characterized by strong winds, heavy rainfall, and the potential for significant damage and loss of life. The difference in terminology is largely due to regional differences and historical context. The term "hurricane" is commonly used in North America and the Caribbean, while "typhoon" is more commonly used in East and Southeast Asia. Despite these differences, hurricanes and typhoons share many similarities in terms of their formation, structure, and impact.

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When a continent is placed in the middle of an ocean in mid-latitudes, the resulting difference in land and sea surface temperatures causes the air pressure to change, leading to winds that affect the climate and air circulation of the surrounding area.

The land of the continent is much hotter than the sea and emits more energy, heating the atmosphere above it. This warm air rises, leading to an area of low pressure. The surrounding areas of higher pressure then try to equalize, leading to air moving into the low pressure area and resulting in winds.

These winds can affect the climate of the surrounding area, including increasing or decreasing the temperature or affecting the amount of precipitation. For example, in the Northern Hemisphere, when a continent is located in the mid-latitudes of an ocean, the winds caused by the land-sea temperature difference often lead to a prevailing wind that moves in a clockwise direction, known as a cyclonic wind.

The presence of a continent in mid-latitudes also has an effect on the air circulation of the atmosphere, as the low pressure area leads to air from the higher latitudes being drawn in towards the continent. This air then returns to the higher latitudes by flowing along the surface of the continent, helping to create a global circulation pattern.

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The pelagic zone is best defined by "all the open water of the ocean." Therefore the correct option is option A.

The pelagic zone is the area in the ocean that is not connected to the seafloor, and is thus sometimes referred to as the "open ocean." The pelagic zone is defined by all the open water of the ocean, which is often separated into vertical zones by depth, depending on light levels, temperature, and other physical variables.

The epipelagic zone, the mesopelagic zone, the bathypelagic zone, and the abyssopelagic zone are the four layers of the pelagic zone that exist. There is less life in the open pelagic zone than in shallower waters, and it is difficult for marine animals to survive there because they have to fight the constant movement of the ocean.

Despite the harshness of the open ocean, a diverse array of sea creatures exist there, ranging from small planktonic organisms to large marine mammals. Therefore the correct option is option A.

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The following question may be like this:

The pelagic zone is best defined by which option? responses

The correct statements that describe the geographic and climatic features of Scandinavia that encouraged people to go to sea are long coastlines and easy access to seas. Therefore the correct option is option A and D.

These factors made it easier for the people to go out to sea. Scandinavia is a region in Northern Europe, which includes Norway, Sweden, and Denmark.

The region is home to many beautiful features, including glaciers, fjords, and forests, and it is also known for its Viking history. The geographic and climatic features of Scandinavia that encouraged people to go to sea are as follows: Long coastlines: Scandinavia has long coastlines that provide easy access to the sea.

Rather, it provided a relaxing environment for people to spend their time when not out at sea. Therefore, this is not a correct statement regarding the geographic and climatic features of Scandinavia that encouraged people to go to sea.

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The following question may be like this:

1.Which statements describe the geographic and climatic features of Scandinavia that encouraged people to go to sea? Choose all answers that are correct.