What police system was endorsed by the state about the holy land in 1092 ce

In the late 19th and early 20th centuries, European powers, especially Great Britain, colonized much of Africa, including Ghana and Kenya.

This period of colonialism, where European powers established political and economic control over African territories, lasted until the mid-20th century. In response to this colonization, Pan-Africanism and nationalism emerged as movements calling for African unity and self-determination. Leaders like Kwame Nkrumah of Ghana and Jomo Kenyatta of Kenya played significant roles in these movements.

As a result of these movements, African countries began to gain their independence from their colonizers. Decolonization of Africa began in the 1950s and continued through the 1960s. The struggle for independence was often long and violent, but eventually, most African countries became independent nations.

The image that developed was that of a newly independent Africa, with countries led by African leaders who had fought for their nations' freedom. These leaders often espoused Pan-African ideals of unity and cooperation between African countries, and nationalism, which celebrated African culture and traditions. The image of a decolonized Africa represented hope for a continent that had suffered from European exploitation and oppression for centuries.

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Viewing the Cold War in terms of “free and slave” resulted in a simplified, oversimplified, and ultimately damaging binary.

It reduced complex issues to a simplistic good vs. evil mentality that neglected to consider the nuances of different political views and backgrounds. This view created tension and animosity between the two sides of the Cold War, making it difficult for either side to find common ground.

It also led to a dangerous arms race and a lack of cooperation between the two sides, resulting in a prolonged and destructive conflict. Ultimately, this narrow view of the Cold War had a damaging effect on international relations and global stability.

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Between 1450 and 1750, the African continent experienced a number of continuities and changes in political and military power. Here are some examples:

Continuities:

1. Decentralized political systems: Many African societies during this time period continued to have decentralized political systems, with power shared among multiple rulers and chiefs rather than concentrated in a single central authority.

2. Military technology and tactics: African societies continued to use a variety of military technologies and tactics, including spears, bows and arrows, and defensive fortifications.

3. Slavery and the slave trade: The practice of slavery and the slave trade continued to be a major part of African societies, with many African societies participating in the transatlantic slave trade.

Changes:

1. Centralized states: Some African societies began to develop centralized states during this time period, with power concentrated in the hands of a single ruler or dynasty.

2. Islam as a political and military force: The spread of Islam on the African continent during this time period led to the emergence of Islamic states and empires such as the Songhai Empire and the Sokoto Caliphate, which used Islam as a basis for political and military power.

3. European colonization: Beginning in the late 15th century, European powers began to establish colonies on the African continent, which led to a significant shift in political and military power dynamics. European powers used their superior military technology to conquer and colonize African societies, often resulting in the displacement of existing political and military structures.

4. The rise of new empires: Some African societies experienced significant political and military changes during this time period, such as the rise of the Kongo Kingdom in Central Africa or the Oyo Empire in West Africa.

Overall, the period from 1450 to 1750 was a time of significant changes and continuities in political and military power on the African continent, with the emergence of centralized states, the spread of Islam, European colonization, and the rise of new empires all contributing to the evolving power dynamics of the region.

Public water supplier is community procures virtually all water consumed by households. Option B is correct.

The portion of water use that does not return to the original water source after being taken away is referred to as "water consumption." When water is lost to the atmosphere through evaporation or is incorporated into a product or plant (like a corn stalk) and cannot be used again, this is called consumption.

The water we drink is consumed by the digestion tracts, and coursed all through the body as body liquids like blood. These play a variety of roles in keeping us alive. They remove waste materials, which are then eliminated through urination, in addition to delivering oxygen and nutrients to the cells.

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Complete question as follow:

Who procures virtually all water consumed by households?

A. Household water levels

B. Public water supplier

C. groundwater

An important consideration for any new government is what to do in case of a disaster or an attack, means to prevent and respond to crime, and which goals to set and pursue as a group.

Government policy can have an impact on how much tax the community pays, pensions, immigration status, laws, fines for rule violations, the education system, commerce, and trade in an economy.

The government introduces a policy that alters social conduct in the workplace.

The primary goal of economic policy is to create a robust and stable economy. This is accomplished through full employment, stable markets, stable prices, and economic growth.

Therefore, what to do in the event of a calamity or an attack, how to avoid and respond to crime, and which goals to create and pursue as a group are all critical considerations for any new administration.

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The Fugitive Slave Act was challenged by the northern states, who passed legislation to void it. This nullification was comparable to the southern states' nullification of the tariffs in 1828. The tax was known as the tax of Abominations by Southerners who said it benefited the Northern industrial industry at their expense.

As a result of the legislative process or the actions of another similar governing body, laws may be enrolled, enacted, or promulgated. A proposed piece of legislation that hasn't yet been passed is known as a bill. When being discussed, it may also be referred to as "legislation" generally to distinguish it from other actions.

Many different goals can be achieved through legislation, including control, authorization, outlawry, provision of (funds), penalty, grant, proclamation, and restriction. A non-legislative act can be compared to how a legislative act is put into effect by an executive or administrative agency. Usually, the executive or a member of the legislature will submit legislation, which is then discussed and frequently revised before being passed.

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The quote describes the creation of the United Nations Security Council and its responsibilities for promoting international peace and security while regulating armaments.

The quote is taken from the United Nations Charter, specifically Chapter V, which outlines the functions and powers of the Security Council. The Security Council is composed of 15 members, including five permanent members (China, France, Russia, the United Kingdom, and the United States) and ten non-permanent members elected for two-year terms.

Its primary responsibility is to maintain international peace and security by identifying threats to peace and taking action to prevent or resolve conflicts. Additionally, the Security Council is tasked with developing plans to regulate armaments and promote disarmament.

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The Earth is at the centre of the geocentric theory, and the heavenly bodies rotate around it. The sun is at the centre of the heliocentric theory, and the planets rotate around it. Elliptical Orbits Theory: Planets circle the sun in elliptical orbits.

Geographical Theory: The planet Earth is at the centre of the cosmos. Every heavenly body revolves around Earth. Invented by ancient Greek astronomers such as Ptolemy.

The Heliocentric Hypothesis: The Sun is at the heart of the solar system. The sun is the centre of the universe, and all planets, including Earth, orbit around it. Copernicus proposed it, and Galileo later supported it.

Theory of Elliptical Orbits: Planets circle the sun in elliptical orbits. Kepler created it using data acquired by Tycho Brahe. The hypothesis superseded the heliocentric model's premise of circular orbits.

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Hunting;  Use of stone and bone tools;  Controlled use of fire; Creation of art; Social organization; Adaptation to climate change were the 6 strategies used.

1. Hunting and gathering: Early humans in the Paleolithic period were hunters and gatherers, relying on the resources provided by the natural environment for their survival. This involved hunting birds and wild animals, fishing, and gathering berries, fruit, and nuts.

2. Use of stone and bone tools: Ancient humans in the Paleolithic period used basic stone and bone tools, as well as crude stone axes, for hunting and other daily activities.

3. Controlled use of fire: Paleolithic humans also used controlled fire to cook their prey, including woolly mammoths, deer, and bison. This helped to make their food more digestible and safer to eat.

4. Creation of art: Paleolithic humans were the first to leave behind art, using a variety of materials and techniques to create etchings, carvings, and small figurines.

5. Adaptation to climate change: The end of the Paleolithic period marked the end of the last Ice Age, which resulted in the extinction of many large mammals and rising sea levels. Early humans had to adapt to these changes in order to survive and eventually migrated to new areas.

6. Social organization: Paleolithic humans lived in small, mobile groups and likely had some form of social organization. This allowed them to work together to hunt and gather food, and may have helped them to survive in challenging environments.

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After 19 years, the investment account will have a balance of approximately $43,266.21.Using the formula V = Pe^{rt}, we can determine the amount of money in the investment account after 19 years. Plugging in the values given, we get V = 13000e^{0.074(19)}.

Using a calculator, we can simplify this expression to V = 13000e^{1.406}. This comes out to be approximately $43,266.21 to the nearest cent. Therefore, after 19 years, the investment account will have a balance of approximately $43,266.21.

It is important to note that continuous compounding can result in higher returns over time compared to other compounding frequencies. It is also important to consider the potential risks and fluctuations of the investment market when making investment decisions.

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The purpose of the poster seen here was to encourage citizens to aid the government in raising funds for war.

The correct option is D.

The poster was created by the United States government during World War I in order to encourage citizens to donate money to the government for the war effort. The poster featured a strong and powerful image of a woman holding a sword and pointing towards a star-filled sky, with text urging citizens to "support the troops" and "help the war effort with your dollars."

The poster was meant to evoke a sense of patriotism in citizens and to urge them to donate money to the war effort. The poster was also used to create public awareness and to encourage enlistment in all of the armed forces. The poster was successful in its goal, as it helped to increase enlistment in the armed forces and to rally public support for the war effort.

The correct option is D.

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Option (b), Individuals chose not to travel west on the Oregon Trail because they preferred to reside in Missouri and Nebraska.

They moved west because Oregon promised free land and California may have gold, which attracted them. At the same time, Eastern religions tried to influence American Indians in the Oregon Country to adopt their ideas of European "civilization." Many people merely wanted a second opportunity.

Every pioneer had a different motivation for traveling to the west. Others arrived to escape an economic downturn in the Eastern cities while some had heard of the fertile farmland in the region that would eventually become Oregon. Others, however, believed that their chronic conditions would improve as a result of the climate change.

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On May 22, 1856, South Carolina Democratic congressman Preston Brooks beat Sumner nearly to death with a cane on the Senate floor after Sumner delivered an anti-slavery speech, "The Crime Against Kansas." Therefore, the answer is A.

Answer: A. Help money flow through the economy by starting new businesses.

Explanation: By taking risks and investing capital, entrepreneurs create new jobs and products, which in turn stimulate economic growth and create opportunities for others.

The text structure allows an author to present information in a specific way to support his or her argument is the author's purpose for organizing the text this way. Thus, option (c) is correct.

Simply said, text organization or structure refers to the technique and manner in which an author arranges a text for improved intelligibility. An author can emphasize key ideas, highlight crucial details, and offer proof to back their claims by structuring the text in a particular way.

An author can make the material more understandable and beneficial for readers by employing a particular text arrangement. A text may be structured in a variety of ways, including:

As a result, the significance of the author's purpose for organizing the text this way are the aforementioned. Therefore, option (c) is correct.

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What is the author's purpose for organizing the text this way?

The text structure allows an author to explain information in a formal way.

The text structure allows an author to have a specific point of view.

The text structure allows an author to present information in a specific way to support his or her argument.

The text structure allows an author to avoid having a tone in his or her writing.​

Answer: French Guiana

Explanation: Is located in South America, and covers an area of approximately 83,534 square kilometers (32,253 square miles)

Answer:

The Ruhr Crisis, also known as the Occupation of the Ruhr, was a significant political and economic event that took place in Germany in the early 1920s. It was initiated by France and Belgium, who occupied the industrial region of the Ruhr in response to Germany's failure to pay reparations following World War I.

In terms of achieving their goals, the Ruhr Crisis can be seen as a mixed success for the French and Belgian forces. On one hand, the occupation of the Ruhr did succeed in pressuring Germany to pay reparations, as the country was unable to export its industrial goods and generate the revenue needed to meet its obligations. This economic pressure contributed to the adoption of the Dawes Plan in 1924, which restructured Germany's debt and provided a path forward for economic recovery.

However, the occupation also had significant costs and drawbacks for France and Belgium. It led to a rise in nationalist sentiment in Germany, as well as significant economic hardship for the people of the Ruhr. The occupation also strained relations between Germany and its neighbors, and ultimately did not achieve its intended goal of preventing German aggression and ensuring stability in the region.

Overall, the Ruhr Crisis can be seen as a short-term success for France and Belgium in terms of achieving their immediate goal of pressuring Germany to pay reparations. However, it had significant costs and drawbacks for all parties involved, and did not provide a long-term solution to the political and economic challenges facing the region.

After gaining independence from colonial rule, decolonized states in Asia, Africa, and Latin America sought to find a "third way" between capitalism and communism.

However, they found themselves caught in the middle of the Cold War rivalry between the United States and Soviet Union. The superpowers often used these newly independent countries as pawns in their global power struggle, with each side offering aid and support to gain their allegiance.

This left the third world nations with little autonomy and often led to economic and political instability. Many countries attempted to navigate this difficult situation through non-alignment, but the pressures of the Cold War often made this an impossible task.

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George Washington Carver was a pioneering scientist and inventor who was widely known for his contributions to the field of science and technology.

He is most famous for his invention of hundreds of uses for the peanut and other crops, which revolutionized the agricultural industry in the United States. He was also a leading figure in the development of crop rotation, soil regeneration, and agricultural education. Carver's research and inventions also included new processes for producing paints, plastics, and gasoline from agricultural products.

His discoveries also included a new method for producing synthetic rubber from peanuts. Carver was also an advocate for the rights of African Americans, encouraging them to pursue a career in scientific and technological fields. His work has inspired countless scientists and inventors, and his legacy lives on today.

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The increasing liberal-conservative divide in American society by the late 1960s was evident due to the growing social, cultural, and political differences between the two ideologies.

By the late 1960s, the liberal-conservative divide in American society had become increasingly evident. The Civil Rights Movement, the Vietnam War, and the counterculture movement all contributed to this division.

On the one hand, liberals generally supported civil rights, the anti-war movement, and social and cultural change. They sought to expand the power of the federal government to address social and economic issues, and to promote equality and justice for all.

On the other hand, conservatives generally opposed government intervention in the economy, and favored a more traditional social and cultural order. They were skeptical of civil rights activism and anti-war protests, and sought to maintain a strong military and a robust foreign policy.

The increasing polarization between liberals and conservatives was also reflected in political and social institutions. The Democratic Party became more closely associated with liberal causes, while the Republican Party shifted towards conservatism. The media also played a role in exacerbating the divide, with news outlets and television programs catering to specific audiences.

Overall, the liberal-conservative divide in American society by the late 1960s reflected a broader cultural and political shift that continues to shape American politics and society today.

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In Don Quixote, Miguel de Cervantes uses the story of a man who dresses as a knight to explore the themes of chivalry, reality vs. fantasy, and the power of imagination.

Through the character of Don Quixote, Cervantes critiques the romanticized ideals of chivalry and highlights the absurdity of living in a fantasy world.

At the same time, Don Quixote's imaginative spirit inspires those around him to see the world in a different way and question their own perceptions of reality.

Overall, the story of Don Quixote serves as a commentary on the human experience and the importance of balancing practicality with creativity.

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The Ottoman Empire, the Safavid Empire, and the Mughal Empire were powerful empires that emerged in the Islamic world. While each empire had its unique characteristics, there are several similarities and differences between them.

Similarities:

Religion: All three empires were founded by Muslim rulers and promoted Islam as the dominant religion.

Military strength: Each empire had a powerful army that was instrumental in expanding its territory.

Trade: All three empires were involved in trade with Europe, Asia, and Africa, and were important centers of commerce.

Differences:

Location: The Ottoman Empire was located in modern-day Turkey, while the Safavid Empire was centered in modern-day Iran and the Mughal Empire was based in modern-day India.

Government: The Ottoman Empire was an absolute monarchy, while the Safavid Empire was a theocracy, and the Mughal Empire was a mix of both.

Art and Culture: The Ottoman Empire was known for its calligraphy, miniature painting, and ceramics, while the Safavid Empire was renowned for its carpet weaving and the Mughal Empire was famous for its architecture and miniature paintings.

Military tactics: The Ottomans relied on Janissaries, a slave-soldier class, to expand their empire, while the Safavids and Mughals relied on firearms and cavalry.

Treatment of non-Muslims: While the Ottomans and Mughals had relatively tolerant policies toward non-Muslims, the Safavids enforced strict Shi'a Islam and persecuted Sunni Muslims.

Overall, the Ottoman, Safavid, and Mughal Empires were similar in their Islamic identity, military prowess, and involvement in trade, but differed in their location, government structure, art and culture, military tactics, and treatment of non-Muslims.

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Answer:

The Korean Demilitarized Zone (DMZ) is a strip of land that runs across the Korean Peninsula and serves as a buffer zone between North Korea and South Korea. The DMZ was established in 1953, following the signing of the armistice that ended the Korean War, and it is one of the most heavily fortified and closely guarded borders in the world.

The DMZ is approximately 160 miles long and 2.5 miles wide, and it is located along the 38th parallel, which is the line that divided North and South Korea during the war. The zone is heavily guarded and monitored by both North Korean and South Korean military forces, as well as by the United Nations Command and other international organizations.

Within the DMZ, there are several important landmarks and sites, including the Joint Security Area (JSA), which is the only place where North and South Korean forces come face-to-face. The JSA is located in the village of Panmunjom and is used for diplomatic and military meetings between the two sides.

Despite its name, the DMZ is not completely demilitarized, as both North and South Korea maintain a significant military presence in the area. However, the zone is intended to be a symbol of peace and reconciliation between the two countries, and it remains an important focal point of international attention and diplomatic efforts to resolve tensions on the Korean Peninsula.

After the civil war, when slaves were liberated, and they required work. They had the chance at the three occupations listed below.

1. Sharecropping-

Under this practice, landowners gave former slaves a plot of land to cultivate in exchange for a portion of the harvest.

2.Tenant farming-

In this practice, In exchange for rent or sometimes a portion of the harvest, landowners leased a plot of land to a freed slave.

3. Debt peonage-

Is system of debt which cycles and the debtor has to work off the debt.

In an effort to build some money for independence, all three of these systems overlapped and effectively maintained former slaves in a kind of servitude bound to the land.

Some people had to accumulate enough wealth over several generations before they could finally leave the farms to which they were bound.

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A decrease in air pollution was not a result of the car culture that developed in the postwar era.

The car culture that emerged in the postwar era, particularly in the United States, had a profound impact on society, shaping patterns of transportation, land use, and consumer behavior. Some of the notable results of the car culture included increased suburbanization, which led to the growth of sprawling suburbs and the decline of urban areas; increased economic growth, as the auto industry became a major employer and driver of economic activity; and increased mobility and personal freedom, as cars became more affordable and accessible to the general public.

However, one negative consequence of the car culture was an increase in air pollution, as the growing number of cars on the road contributed to the release of pollutants and greenhouse gases into the atmosphere. This air pollution had significant health and environmental impacts, leading to respiratory illnesses, smog, and climate change.

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Answer:

These factors contributed to the empowerment of Nā Kanaka ʻŌiwi, or the Hawaiian people, and the rise of the Hawaiian Renaissance, which saw a revival of Hawaiian culture, language, music, and arts.

Indonesia and the Philippines are both challenged by various issues, including poverty, corruption, environmental degradation, and political instability. Both countries have large populations living in poverty, which has led to a wide range of social and economic problems.

Corruption is also a major issue in both countries, with some officials taking advantage of their positions to enrich themselves and their families. Environmental degradation is another concern, as both countries struggle to balance economic development with protecting their natural resources.

Finally, political instability has been a challenge for both Indonesia and the Philippines, with frequent changes in leadership and ongoing conflicts with separatist groups. Despite these challenges, both countries are working to address these issues and improve the lives of their citizens.

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Answer:

Explanation:

The development of the caste system in India had a significant impact on society. The caste system was a social hierarchy in which people were divided into distinct groups based on their occupation and birth. The four main castes were Brahmins (priests and scholars), Kshatriyas (warriors and rulers), Vaishyas (merchants and farmers), and Shudras (laborers). Below the Shudras were the Dalits, also known as untouchables, who performed the lowest, most menial jobs and were considered outside of the caste system.

The caste system reinforced social order but also created significant inequalities, as people were often stuck in the caste they were born into and faced discrimination and limited opportunities as a result. Brahmins held the highest social status and were often the most educated and influential, while Dalits faced extreme prejudice and were often excluded from society.

The decline of the Han empire was caused by a combination of internal and external factors. Internally, the Han government was plagued by corruption, with officials using their positions for personal gain rather than serving the empire. This led to a decline in public trust and a loss of confidence in the government.

Externally, the Han empire faced threats from nomadic tribes along its borders, who raided and attacked Han territories. The empire also struggled to manage its vast territory and maintain communication and control over distant regions.

In addition, economic difficulties such as inflation and an overreliance on the production of silk contributed to the decline of the Han empire. The combination of these factors led to a weakening of the empire, which eventually collapsed in the late 2nd century CE.

A flat tax rate would be the same across the board because everyone would pay the same percentage of their income regardless of how much they earn.

Supporters of a flat tax rate argue that it simplifies the tax code and is fairer since everyone is contributing equally. On the other hand, proponents of a progressive tax rate argue that it is more equitable since those with higher incomes can afford to pay a higher percentage of their income in taxes.

Additionally, a flat tax rate may not take into account the varying needs and expenses of different income groups, potentially leading to issues of income inequality and social mobility.

Ultimately, the debate between a flat tax rate and a progressive tax rate is a complex one with differing opinions on what is fair and effective for the economy.

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