The C=C stretching vibration at 1680-1620 cm-1, where the double bond in 2-pentene is changed to a single bond in 1,2-dibromopentane, would not show the product that was in the beginning material.
What vibrational frequency does C-C have?The C triple C vibrations are therefore noticed at substantially higher frequencies in the range of 2300 to 2050 cm1, whilst a C-C stretching vibration occurs between 1300-800 cm1 and a C=C stretching vibration occurs between 1700 and 1500 cm1.
In what parts of IR do C-C bonds appear?As C-C bonds are typically nonpolar, they rarely manifest as peaks in the IR spectra. Since they are not extremely polar, C-H bonds do not produce prominent peaks in the IR spectra.
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what is the reason for koh reacting with 1-propanol?
A. strong bases react with nucleophiles B. 1-propanol contains a good leaving group C. KOH is a good electrophile and C 1-propanol is a good nucleophile D. OH groups react with each other E. 1-propanol contains proton
KOH reacting with 1-propanol because it contains acidic propanol that gives acid- base reaction.
Acid base reaction is also called as neutralization reaction. It is defined as a chemical reaction in which acid and a base react quantitatively with each other. Neutralization is a type of chemical reaction that involves the exchange of one or more hydrogen ions, H+, between species that may be neutral that is molecules such as water, H2O or electrically charged ions, such as ammonium, NH4+ hydroxide, OH− or carbonate, CO32−. It also includes similar processes that occur in molecules of KOH.
The hydroxide ion of KOH attacks the carbon atom when 1-propanol is combined with KOH that causes the 1-propanol hydroxyl group to be replaced by a new OH- ion from KOH. This is also known as neutralization reaction.
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PLEASE HELP< I"LL MARK BRAINLIEST. How is enthalpy related to the spontaneity of a reaction?
1. ΔH > 0 contributes to spontaneity.
2. ΔH < 0 contributes to spontaneity.
3. ΔH = 0 contributes to spontaneity.
4. ΔH does not affect spontaneity.
Answer:
D
Explanation:
Gibb's free energy change(∆G) and Standard electrode potential of electrochemical (Ecell) determine the spontaneity of a reaction.
when ∆G > 0, the reaction is not spontaneous
∆G < 0, the reaction is spontaneous
∆G = 0, the reaction is in equilibrium
when Ecell > 0, the redox reaction is spontaneous
Ecell < 0, the redox reaction is not spontaneous
Ecell = 0, the redox reaction is in equilibrium.
explain the impact of resource distribution including examples of population distribution, human migration and trade
Answer:
Resource distribution plays a significant role in shaping the world we live in. Uneven distribution of resources such as food, water, energy, and raw materials can lead to various consequences such as population distribution, human migration, and trade.
Population distribution: The uneven distribution of resources can lead to the unequal distribution of people. People tend to settle in areas where resources are abundant, such as near water sources, fertile land, and mineral-rich regions. For example, many coastal cities have high population density due to easy access to water, fishing, and shipping opportunities. On the other hand, areas with scarce resources such as deserts, mountains, and polar regions have lower population density.
Human migration: Resource distribution is also a significant factor that drives human migration. People move from one place to another in search of better opportunities, such as jobs, education, and a better quality of life. For instance, rural people may migrate to urban areas in search of jobs, while people in resource-poor regions may migrate to resource-rich areas to improve their livelihoods. Climate change and natural disasters may also cause migration, such as people moving from drought-affected regions to regions with better water availability.
Trade: The distribution of resources also affects trade between regions and countries. Countries with abundant natural resources such as oil, gas, and minerals can export them to other countries, generating revenue and creating jobs. On the other hand, countries with scarce resources may import them from other countries, creating trade relationships. Trade allows countries to specialize in producing goods and services in which they have a comparative advantage and trade them for goods and services they do not produce efficiently.
In conclusion, the distribution of resources has a significant impact on various aspects of our lives, including population distribution, human migration, and trade. Unequal distribution of resources can lead to inequality and conflict, while a balanced distribution can promote economic growth and stability.
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Determine the mass of CO2 gas that has a volume of 7.10 L at a pressure of 1.11 atm and a temperature of 31.0°C.
Answer: 14.11 g
Explanation:
Ideal gas law
We will use the ideal gas law for this problem:
[tex]PV=nRT[/tex]
We know V, which is 7.10
P is 1.11 atm
and T is 31.0 C, or 305 K
R will be 0.08206 L*atm/mol*k, since we are dealing with atmospheres for our pressure.
Now, we just need to solve for n, moles
[tex]1.11*7.10=n*0.08206*305\\n=0.321[/tex]
We have 0.321 moles of CO2
Convert to g
The molar mass of CO2 is 44.01 g/mol, so we multiply 44.01 g/mol by 0.321 moles to cancel out the moles and get grams.
[tex]\frac{44.01g}{mol} *0.321mol=14.11 g[/tex]
during the light-dependent reactions, electron transport leads to the thylakoid space becomes:
During the light-dependent reactions, electron transport leads to the thylakoid space becoming more positively charged.
Light-dependent reactions are a series of biochemical reactions that occur in the thylakoid membranes of chloroplasts during photosynthesis. These reactions transform light energy into chemical energy in the form of ATP and NADPH, which can then be utilized by the Calvin cycle to convert carbon dioxide into glucose.The space within the thylakoid membranes of chloroplasts is known as the thylakoid space. This space, which is surrounded by the thylakoid membrane, is separated from the stroma of the chloroplasts by the thylakoid membrane. The thylakoid space is where the light-dependent reactions of photosynthesis take place.
During electron transport, electrons are passed from one electron carrier to another. These electron carriers are located in the thylakoid membrane of chloroplasts. When electrons are passed from one carrier to another, they lose energy, which is used to transport hydrogen ions (protons) from the stroma of the chloroplasts to the thylakoid space. This movement of protons from the stroma to the thylakoid space causes the thylakoid space to become more positively charged. This creates an electrochemical gradient, which is used by ATP synthase to produce ATP from ADP and phosphate ions. Therefore, electron transport leads to the thylakoid space becoming more positively charged.
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Which of the following are end-products of glycolysis?
a. CO2 and H2O
b. Pyruvate, CO2, and ATP
c. Pyruvate, NADH, and ATP
d. Acetyl CoA, CO2, and NADH
e. Citrate, H2O, and FADH 2
The end-products of glycolysis include Pyruvate, NADH, and ATP. Therefore, option C is the correct answer.
Glycolysis is the metabolic pathway that occurs in the cytoplasm of the cell, which plays a vital role in the energy production process. It is also known as the Embden-Meyerhof pathway, and it takes place in the absence of oxygen during cellular respiration.Glycolysis involves the breakdown of glucose into two three-carbon molecules called pyruvate. During the process, a net amount of two molecules of ATP, two molecules of NADH, and two molecules of pyruvate are produced.
The pyruvate is then transported to the mitochondria, where it is further broken down to generate more ATP molecules.
The overall reaction of Glycolysis is:
[tex]Glucose + 2 NAD^+ + 2 ADP + 2 Pi ⇒2 pyruvate + 2 ATP + 2 NADH + 2 H^+ + 2 H_2O[/tex]
Therefore, The end-products of Glycolysis include: Two molecules of Pyruvate. Two molecules of ATP (Adenosine Triphosphate) are produced. NADH (Nicotinamide Adenine Dinucleotide), which is a high-energy electron carrier, is also produced in glycolysis. hence c option is correct .
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if a chemist calculates the maximum amount of product that could be obtained in a chemical reaction, he or she is calculating the____
Answer: theroretical yield
Explanation:If a chemist calculates the maximum amount of product that could be obtained in a chemical reaction, he or she is calculating the... theroretical yield.
Answer:
theroretical yield
Explanation:
the equilibrium position of a reaction requires certain environmental variables to remain constant. these variables are
The equilibrium position of a chemical reaction is determined by the balance between the rates of the forward and reverse reactions. This position is governed by a set of equilibrium constants, which are dependent on various environmental variables. In order for the equilibrium position to remain constant, these variables must also remain constant.
The key environmental variables that must remain constant include temperature, pressure, and concentration of reactants and products. Any change in these variables can shift the equilibrium position and alter the concentrations of reactants and products in the system.
Temperature is a crucial variable because the equilibrium constant is temperature-dependent. A change in temperature can cause the reaction to shift in either the forward or reverse direction, depending on whether the reaction is exothermic or endothermic.
Pressure also affects the equilibrium position for reactions involving gases. Changes in pressure can alter the concentrations of gases and shift the equilibrium position in favor of the side with fewer moles of gas.
Finally, the concentration of reactants and products also affects the equilibrium position. Altering the concentration of one of the species can shift the equilibrium position towards the side with lower concentration.
In summary, to maintain a constant equilibrium position, it is important to maintain constant values of temperature, pressure, and concentrations of reactants and products.
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the following is a possible mechanism for a reaction involving hydrogen peroxide in aqueous solution; only a small amount of sodium bromide was added to the reaction mixture. h2o2 1 br2 bro2 1 h2o h2o2 1 bro2hbr2 1 h2o 1 o2 what is the overall reaction? what species is acting as a catalyst? are there any reaction intermediates?
The sodium bromide serves as a source of bromine radicals, which react with hydrogen peroxide to generate more radicals and eventually lead to the formation of molecular oxygen and bromine.
The intermediate hypobromous acid (HOBr) is also formed, which can react with hydrogen peroxide to produce HBrO2 and water, and then react with bromide ions to regenerate bromine radical and complete the catalytic cycle.
The overall reaction can be written as:
2 H2O2 + 2 Br- → 2 H2O + Br2 + 2 O2
In this reaction, sodium bromide (NaBr) is acting as a catalyst, as it is not consumed in the reaction and only a small amount is required to initiate the reaction.
The reaction intermediates are bromine radical (Br•) and hypobromous acid (HOBr), which are formed during the reaction:
H₂O₂+Br⁻ → HO₂+H₂O (slow)
HO₂+H₂O₂→H₂O+O₂+OH (fast)
OH + Br⁻ → HOBr (fast)
HOBr + H₂O₂ → HBrO₂ + H₂O (fast)
HBrO₂ + Br⁻ → Br2 + HO₂⁻ + H2O (fast)
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enough of a monoprotic acid is dissolved in water to produce a 1.64 m solution. the ph of the resulting solution is 2.95 . calculate the ka for the acid.
The monoprotic acid in the water produces a 1.64 M solution, and the pH of the resulting solution is 2.95. We must determine the Ka of the acid.
So, let's get started. Calculate Ka using the pH value: Ka can be calculated using the given pH value by using the following formula: pH = -log10 [H+], therefore [H+] = 10 -pH.For a monoprotic acid, we can say that the [H+] concentration equals the [A-] concentration. So, at equilibrium: Ka = [H+]^2/[A-]where, [H+] is the concentration of the hydronium ion, and [A-] is the concentration of the acid.
Then, we calculate the Ka for the acid in the solution as follows:[H+] = 10^-2.95 = 6.31 x 10^-3 [M]Hence, we get the Ka of the acid as shown below: Ka = [H+]^2/[A-] = (6.31 x 10^-3)^2/(1.64 - 6.31 x 10^-3)Ka = 2.58 x 10^-4Thus, the Ka for the acid is 2.58 x 10^-4.
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how far up the tlc plate should the spots ideally run so that you can calculate the most accurate rf values?
Ideally, the spots on the TLC plate should run between 1-1.5 cm from the origin to calculate the most accurate Rf values.
What is TLC?TLC (Thin Layer Chromatography) is a simple and cost-effective analytical technique used to identify, analyze, and monitor the purity of compounds. A thin layer of silica gel or alumina is applied to a glass or plastic plate in this method. The compound(s) to be analyzed is spotted on the plate's silica layer, and the plate is put in a solvent to allow the sample to move up the plate by capillary action.
TLC is used to:
Estimate the purity of a given compound.Determine the presence of impurities in a given compound and estimate their number.Identify the constituents of a mixture by comparing their RF values with those of known compounds.Understand a reaction's progress and determine the purity of the product.The ideal distance that spots should run up a TLC (thin-layer chromatography) plate depends on several factors, including the type of stationary phase and the nature of the mobile phase being used. However, as a general rule, the spots should be applied to the TLC plate at a distance of about 1-1.5 cm from the bottom edge of the plate.
This allows the solvent front to migrate up the plate and separate the components of the mixture, without causing the spots to merge or overlap. The spots should not be placed too high up the plate as this will result in poor separation and reduced accuracy of the Rf (retention factor) values.
Once the solvent front reaches a suitable distance from the top of the plate (usually around 1-2 cm), the plate should be removed from the chamber and allowed to dry. The Rf value can then be calculated by dividing the distance traveled by the spot by the distance traveled by the solvent front.
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Find the perimeter.
12 cm
P=
12 cm
Any degree's perimeter equals the sum of its various sides. Since a square has equal lengths each side, its perimeter is four sides. Square's perimeter is specified as 12 cm, hence perimeter = 12 cm. Perimeter = 4 sides.
How is perimeter calculated?It is simple to do this because there really are four of each side length by just increasing the length and width or dividing the outcome by two. perimeter=(length + width)2 is the definition of the perimeter formula.
How does a perimeter appear?The area surrounding an object forms its perimeter. Your home, for instance, has a yard that is enclosed. The fence's length serves as the perimeter. The barrier will be 200 feet long if the area is 25 metres by 50 feet.
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two units of measurement for energy are calories and joules. the measurement of 32.3 kj is the same amount of energy as ___________.
It is given that calories and joules are two kinds of units of measurement of energy, then 32.3kj is equivalent to 7719calories.
Heat energy is the energy that is transferred from one object to another due to a difference in temperature. Heat energy is measured in joules (J). Joules and calories are both units of energy. A joule is the SI (International System of Units) unit of energy, while a calorie is a unit of energy used in the imperial system.
A joule is a measure of energy that is equal to the energy expended in applying a force of one newton to a body that is moving one meter in the direction of the force. A calorie is a unit of energy that is equal to the amount of energy needed to raise the temperature of one gram of water by one degree Celsius.
1 calorie is = 4.184 joules.
Then 32.3kj is equal to:
[tex]32.3 * 10^3/4.184 = 7719calories[/tex]
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The graph shows the distribution of energy in the particles of two gas samples at different temperatures, T1 and T2. A, B, and C represent individual particles.
Based on the graph, which of the following statements is likely to be true?
A. Particle B is more likely to participate in the reaction than particle A.
B. Particle C is more likely to participate in the reaction than particle B.
C. Most of the gas particles have either very high or very low kinetic energies.
D. More gas particles participate in the reaction at T2 than at T1.
Explanation:
The graph shows the distribution of energy in the particles of two gas samples at different temperatures, T1 and T2. A, B, and C represent individual particles.
Based on the graph, which of the following statements is likely to be true?
A. Particle B is more likely to participate in the reaction than particle A.
B. Particle C is more likely to participate in the reaction than particle B.
C. Most of the gas particles have either very high or very low kinetic energies.
D. More gas particles participate in the reaction at T2 than at T1.why do covalent bonds form? i. because atoms want to share electrons. ii. because electrons from one atom are attracted to the nucleus of another atom. iii. because atoms want an octet of electrons around them. iv. because the formation of a bond results in a stable system that would require the input of energy to change.
Answer:
For Covelent bonds to form there has to be 2 non-metal
Explanation:
So it's 3 because it needs a octet electron around them
Determine whether each statement is a description of a physical property or a chemical property
Physical properties can be viewed with the senses or assessed without causing harm to the thing. Physical qualities include things like colour, size, mass, length, volume, specific heat, and odour.
Which of the following best depicts physical or chemical properties?Chemical properties include things like the ability to combine with hydrogen to create a gas. How such an element or molecule interacts with the other substances or components is referred to as its chemical characteristics. The distribution of electrons within an atom changes throughout a chemical process.
What are five examples of chemical properties?Flammability, volatility, acidity, reactivity (of various kinds), and heat of combustion are a few examples of chemical qualities. Rust, for instance, is created when iron and oxygen interact inside the presence of water; chromium does not oxidise ([link]).
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What is the oxidation number of the monatomic ions of the following elements?
a. Cs
b. Ba
c. As
d. Sr
e. Rb
The oxidation number of the monatomic ions of the following elements are a. Cs (cesium): +1, b. Ba (barium): +2, c. As (arsenic): -3, d. Sr (strontium): +2, e. Rb (rubidium): +1.
The oxidation number of the monatomic ions of cesium, barium, arsenic, strontium, and rubidium are +1, +2, -3, +2, and +1, respectively. Below is an explanation of how the oxidation number of each element was obtained.
Oxidation state refers to the oxidation number of an atom, which indicates its state of oxidation or reduction in a chemical reaction. The oxidation state can be determined by adding up the valence electrons of an atom in its neutral state and subtracting the valence electrons that it has either gained or lost in a compound.Cesium has one valence electron, which it gives up to form an ion with a charge of +1. Therefore, the oxidation number of Cs is +1.Barium has two valence electrons, which it gives up to form an ion with a charge of +2. Therefore, the oxidation number of Ba is +2.
Arsenic has five valence electrons, but it prefers to gain three electrons to complete its outer shell of eight electrons, resulting in a charge of -3. Therefore, the oxidation number of As is -3.Strontium has two valence electrons, which it gives up to form an ion with a charge of +2. Therefore, the oxidation number of Sr is +2.Rubidium has one valence electron, which it gives up to form an ion with a charge of +1. Therefore, the oxidation number of Rb is +1. So, the oxidation number of the monatomic ions of cesium, barium, arsenic, strontium, and rubidium are +1, +2, -3, +2, and +1, respectively. Below is an explanation of how the oxidation number of each element was obtained.
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pah is an acronym for polycyclic aromatic hydrogen
The given statement "PAH is an acronym for polycyclic aromatic hydrogen" is true because it is the Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons.
The Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons that is the (PAHs) are the class of the chemicals that will occur naturally in the coal, crude oil, and the gasoline. They will result from the burning coal, oil, gas, the wood, the garbage, and the tobacco. The PAHs can be bind to or form the small particles in the air.
These compounds are the range from the simple two ring compounds such as the naphthalene and the its derivatives to the more intricate ring structures with the up to the 10 rings.
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calculate the volume of 6.0 m hydrochloric acid solution that is needed to prepare 500 ml of a 10m hydrochloric solution
The volume of 6.0 m hydrochloric acid solution that is needed to prepare 500 ml of a 10m hydrochloric solution is 830 ml.
Hydrochloric acid (HCl) is a colorless, corrosive, and pungent gas with a formula of HCl. It is a compound of hydrogen and chlorine. Hydrochloric acid has a wide range of applications, including the production of plastics, dyes, and fertilizers, as well as in the manufacture of rubber and textiles.
To calculate the volume of 6.0 m hydrochloric acid solution required to prepare 500 ml of a 10m hydrochloric acid solution, we need to use the equation:
M1V1 = M2V2
Where M1 is the initial concentration, V1 is the initial volume, M2 is the final concentration, and V2 is the final volume.
We will first calculate the amount of HCl present in the 10m hydrochloric acid solution:
M2 = 10m
V2 = 500 ml = 0.5 L
n = M2 x V2
n = 10m x 0.5 L
n = 5 moles
The quantity of HCl required to produce a 10m solution is 5 moles.
Now, we will use the above equation to determine the volume of the 6.0 m hydrochloric acid solution required to make a 10m hydrochloric acid solution:
M1 = 6.0 m
M2 = 10m
V2 = 0.5 L
M1V1 = M2V2
6.0 m x V1 = 10m x 0.5 L
V1 = (10m x 0.5 L) / 6.0 m
V1 = 0.83 L or 830 ml
Thus, 830 ml of 6.0 m hydrochloric acid solution is needed to prepare 500 ml of 10m hydrochloric acid solution.
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as silica would be deactivated by water, what real-life experiences tell you that it is best to keep silica tlc plates stored in a desiccator? that it, where in real life have you purchased a product that was stored with silica? what is the use of silica gel in those products?
a. In real life, one might have purchased a product stored with silica, such as electronics or leather goods, to name a few.
b The use of silica gel in these products is to absorb moisture and prevent damage to the product due to moisture.
What is silica?Silicа, or silicon dioxide ([tex]SiO_{2}[/tex]), is а chemicаl compound thаt is ubiquitous in nаture. It is one of the most prevаlent minerаls on the eаrth's surfаce, found in rocks, sаnd, аnd soil. The mаjority of silicа is found in its crystаlline form, which is clаssified аs quаrtz. When silicа is hydrаted, it becomes silicon dioxide hydrаte, which is а wаter-аbsorbing substаnce.
Silicа gel is used in electronic devices such аs cаmerаs, smаrtphones, аnd tаblets to protect them from moisture dаmаge. Silicа gel is also used in leаther goods such аs shoes аnd hаndbаgs to prevent moisture dаmаge. Silicа gel is used in medicine pаckаging to prevent moisture from spoiling the medicine.
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True or false binary ionic compounds are composed of metals and nonmetals typically from opposite sides of the periodic table
Answer:
True
Explanation:
In general, metals are located on the left of the periodic table. Nonmetals are on the right. This means that they are on opposite sides. So the answer is True.
which of the following reactions of alkenes takes place with syn stereospecificity? question 10 options: addition of bromine (treatment with br2) hydrogenation (treatment with h2/pt) addition of hbr (treatment with hbr) acid-catalyzed hydration (treatment with aqueous h2so4)
The following reactions of alkenes take place with syn stereospecificity: Addition of bromine (treatment with Br₂) and hydrogenation (treatment with H₂/Pt).
Syn stereospecificity is a term used in organic chemistry to describe the stereochemistry of a reaction where two substituents are added to a molecule on the same side of a double bond. This is also known as syn addition which occurs in certain addition reactions of alkenes. There are several reactions of alkenes that occur with syn stereospecificity. These include the addition of bromine (treatment with Br₂) and hydrogenation (treatment with H₂/Pt). In both of these reactions, the two substituents are added to the same side of the double bond, resulting in syn addition.
On the other hand, addition of HBr (treatment with HBr) and acid-catalyzed hydration (treatment with aqueous H₂SO₄) occur with anti-stereospecificity, meaning the substituents are added to opposite sides of the double bond, resulting in anti-addition.
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LESSON 1
Content Practice B
1
Position and Motion
Directions Complete these purphs by writing the correct terms on the lines. Some terms might be used more
you must first choose ain)
To describe an object's (1. )
(2. )
as a starting place. From there, you must specify the
in
(3. )
to the object and the (4. )
which it lies from the starting place. If you are giving directions to two objects located
it can sometimes
in different directions from the same (5. )
direction
be helpful to describe one object as being in the (6. )
direction
from that place and the other in the (7. )
An object is in (8. )
any time its
is changing. In most cases, such a change involves changes in
(10. )
and (11. )
from the starting
point. However, if an object returns to its starting point, its
(12. )
is zero, even though it might have traveled
Answer:
1. Motion
2. Position
3. Relation
4. Distance
5. Reference point
6. North
7. South
8. motion
9. Speed
10. Distance
11. Direction
12. displacement
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Carbon monoxide when combines with haemoglobin it is termed as___.A CarboxyhemoglobinB OxyhaemoglobinC DeoxyhemoglobinD None of these
Carbon monoxide when combines with hemoglobin it is termed as carboxyhemoglobin.
Carbon monoxide is a poisonous gas found in the atmosphere as a result of fuel and industrial emissions. When carbon monoxide is inhaled, it combines readily with the hemoglobin present in the human blood to form carboxyhemoglobin.
Hemoglobin is the protein that is found in the red blood cells of the body. Its primary function is to transport oxygen from the lungs to other tissues in the human body. Binding of carbon monoxide to hemoglobin leaves no space for oxygen to bind with hemoglobin. This results in toxication inside the body.
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a 2.00 l bottle of a solution of concentrated hcl was purchased for the general chemistry laboratory. the solution contained 868.8 g of hcl. what is the molarity of the solution?
The Molarity of the solution is 11.9M.
Molarity of the solution is defined as the number of moles of solute per unit volume of solution in liters. The molarity of the solution can be determined by dividing the number of moles of the solute by the volume of the solution in liters.
The formula for molarity is as follows: Molarity (M) = Moles of solute / Volume of solution in liters Moles of HCl present in the solution = (mass of solute) / (molar mass of solute)Molar mass of HCl = 1(atomic mass of H) + 35.5(atomic mass of Cl) = 36.5 g/mol Moles of HCl = 868.8 g / 36.5 g/mol = 23.8 mol Molarity of HCl solution = Moles of HCl / Volume of solution= 23.8 mol / 2.00 L = 11.9 M The molarity of the solution is 11.9 M (Molar).Hence, the solution was 11.9 M HCl.
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2 NH3 + 3 CuO → 3 Cu + N2 + 3 H2O
In the above equation, how many grams of N2 can be made when 5.3 moles of CuO are consumed?
Round your answer to the nearest tenth. If you answer is a whole number like 4, report the answer as 4.0
Use the following molar masses. If you do not use these masses, the computer will mark your answer incorrect.:
Element Molar Mass
Hydrogen 1
Nitrogen 14
Copper 63.5
Oxygen 16
Question 2
S + 6 HNO3 → H2SO4 + 6 NO2 + 2 H2O
In the above equation, how many grams of water can be made when 19.5 moles of HNO3 are consumed?
Round your answer to the nearest tenth. If you answer is a whole number like 4, report the answer as 4.0
Use the following molar masses. If you do not use these masses, the computer will mark your answer incorrect.:
Element Molar Mass
Hydrogen 1
Nitrogen 14
Sulfur 32
Oxygen 16
Question 3
3 Cu + 8HNO3 → 3 Cu(NO3)2 + 2 NO + 4 H2O
In the above equation, how many grams of water can be made when 15.4 moles of HNO3 are consumed?
Round your answer to the nearest tenth. If you answer is a whole number like 4, report the answer as 4.0
Use the following molar masses. If you do not use these masses, the computer will mark your answer incorrect.:
Element Molar Mass
Hydrogen 1
Nitrogen 14
Copper 63.5
Oxygen 16
Question 4
For the reaction C + 2H2 → CH4, how many grams of carbon are required to produce 5.7 moles of methane, CH4 ?
Round your answer to the nearest tenth. If you answer is a whole number like 4, report the answer as 4.0
Use the following molar masses. If you do not use these masses, the computer will mark your answer incorrect.:
Element Molar Mass
Hydrogen 1
Carbon 12
Answer:
Explanation:
Question 1:
The balanced chemical equation is:
2 NH3 + 3 CuO → 3 Cu + N2 + 3 H2O
The molar ratio between CuO and N2 is 3:1, which means that for every 3 moles of CuO consumed, 1 mole of N2 is produced.
To find how many grams of N2 can be produced from 5.3 moles of CuO, we need to first calculate how many moles of N2 can be produced:
Moles of CuO = 5.3 mol CuO
Moles of N2 = Moles of CuO / 3 (from the molar ratio)
Moles of N2 = 5.3 mol CuO / 3 = 1.77 mol N2
Now we can use the molar mass of N2 to calculate the mass:
Molar mass of N2 = 14 g/mol
Mass of N2 = Moles of N2 x Molar mass of N2
Mass of N2 = 1.77 mol x 14 g/mol = 24.78 g
Rounded to the nearest tenth, the answer is 24.8 g of N2.
Therefore, 24.8 grams of N2 can be made when 5.3 moles of CuO are consumed.
Question 2:
The balanced chemical equation is:
S + 6 HNO3 → H2SO4 + 6 NO2 + 2 H2O
The molar ratio between HNO3 and H2O is 6:2, which means that for every 6 moles of HNO3 consumed, 2 moles of H2O are produced.
To find how many grams of H2O can be produced from 19.5 moles of HNO3, we need to first calculate how many moles of H2O can be produced:
Moles of HNO3 = 19.5 mol HNO3
Moles of H2O = Moles of HNO3 x 2/6 (from the molar ratio)
Moles of H2O = 19.5 mol HNO3 x 2/6 = 6.5 mol H2O
Now we can use the molar mass of H2O to calculate the mass:
Molar mass of H2O = 18 g/mol
Mass of H2O = Moles of H2O x Molar mass of H2O
Mass of H2O = 6.5 mol x 18 g/mol = 117 g
Rounded to the nearest tenth, the answer is 117.0 g of H2O.
Therefore, 117.0 grams of H2O can be made when 19.5 moles of HNO3 are consumed.
Question 3:
The balanced chemical equation is:
3 Cu + 8HNO3 → 3 Cu(NO3)2 + 2 NO + 4 H2O
The molar ratio between HNO3 and H2O is 8:4, which means that for every 8 moles of HNO3 consumed, 4 moles of H2O are produced.
To find how many grams of H2O can be produced from 15.4 moles of HNO3, we need to first calculate how many moles of H2O can be produced:
Moles of HNO3 = 15.4 mol HNO3
Moles of H2O = Moles of HNO3 x 4/8 (from the molar ratio)
Moles of H2O = 15.4 mol
radioactive decay is a classic first order process. the half-life of 14c is 5,730 yr's. if you started with 0.973 grams of 14c how long would it take to get to 0.00132 gram?
At a first-order disintegration rate, 0.973 grammes of 14C would decompose to 0.00132 grammes in roughly 28,400 years.
Radioactive decay is a first-order process, meaning the rate of decay of a radioactive material is proportional to the amount of that material present. The half-life of 14C is 5,730 years, which means that in that time, half of the original amount of 14C will have decayed.
To determine how long it would take for 0.973 grams of 14C to decay to 0.00132 grams, we need to use the formula for first-order decay:
N(t) = N₀ * e^(-kt)
where N(t) is the amount of material remaining at time t, N0 is the initial amount of material, k is the decay constant, and e is the base of the natural logarithm.
To find k, we can use the half-life equation:
t1/2 = ln(2)/k
Rearranging this equation, we get:
k = ln(2)/t1/2
Substituting the values for 14C, we get:
k = ln(2)/5730 years = 0.000120968 year⁻¹
Now we can use the first-order decay equation to find how long it would take for 0.973 grams of 14C to decay to 0.00132 grams:
0.00132 = 0.973 * e^(-0.000120968t)
Dividing both sides by 0.973 and taking the natural logarithm of both sides, we get:
ln(0.00132/0.973) = -0.000120968t
Solving for t, we get:
t = -ln(0.00132/0.973)/0.000120968 years
t ≈ 28,400 years
Therefore, it would take approximately 28,400 years for 0.973 grams of 14C to decay to 0.00132 grams at a first-order decay rate
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14.
13,
(viii) Calcium chloride is unsuitable for drying ethanol as the ethanol bonds to the calcium
chloride using a co-ordinate bond.
State what is meant by the term co-ordinate bond.
(a) Describe briefly the essential features of a covalent bond. Explain why covalent
compounds generally have low melting temperatures, despite covalent bonds being
[4]
strong.
Answer:
A coordinate bond, also known as a dative bond, is a type of covalent bond in which both electrons in the bond are donated by one atom. This is different from a typical covalent bond, where both atoms contribute one electron each. In a coordinate bond, the atom donating both electrons is called the donor or Lewis base, while the atom receiving the electrons is called the acceptor or Lewis acid.
Essential features of a covalent bond include the sharing of electrons between two atoms in order to achieve a more stable electron configuration. In a covalent bond, atoms with similar electronegativities share their valence electrons in order to satisfy the octet rule, where atoms strive to have eight valence electrons in their outermost shell. Covalent compounds generally have low melting temperatures despite covalent bonds being strong because the intermolecular forces between the molecules in a covalent compound are weak. These intermolecular forces are primarily London dispersion forces, which are weak attractions between temporary dipoles in molecules. Since these forces are relatively weak, it takes less energy to break them and melt or boil the compound, even though the covalent bonds holding the atoms within each molecule together are strong
what statement about the spontaneity of a reaction and the rate of a reaction is true? a spontaneous reaction is always a slow reaction.
The statement "a spontaneous reaction is always a slow reaction" is not true.
What is spontaneous reaction ?The spontaneity of a reaction refers to whether the reaction will occur spontaneously or not, without the input of external energy or work. A spontaneous reaction has a negative change in Gibbs free energy (∆G) indicating that the reaction is thermodynamically favorable.
On the other hand, the rate of a reaction refers to how fast the reaction occurs. The rate of a reaction depends on factors such as the activation energy of the reaction the concentrations of the reactants and the presence of catalysts or inhibitors.
Therefore, whether a reaction is spontaneous or not has no direct relationship to its rate. A spontaneous reaction can occur at a fast or slow rate, depending on the specific reaction conditions. Similarly a non-spontaneous reaction can also occur at a fast or slow rate if sufficient energy or activation energy is supplied to the reaction.
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Which is denser, one cup of water or 6 cups of water?
Answer:
water has the same amount of density no matter the amount
Explanation: