Until recently, prokaryotes did not contain linear plasmids or chromosomes, but they have since been discovered in spirochaetes, Gram-positive bacteria, and Gram-negative bacteria. Bacterial linear DNA has been classified into two structural kinds. Each end of linear plasmids from the spirochaete Borrelia has a covalently closed hairpin loop, while each end of linear plasmids from the Gram-positive filamentous Streptomyces has a covalently connected protein. In eukaryotic cells, replicons with comparable structures are more common than in prokaryotes. However, linear genomic architectures are likely more widespread in bacteria than previously thought, and some replicons may be able to switch between circular and linear isomers. The molecular biology of these widely scattered pieces reveals information about the origins of linear DNA in bacteria, including evidence of prokaryote-eukaryotes genetic exchange.
Which is a tough and rigid layer that surrounds plant cells, as well as some algal and bacterial cells?
cell wall
centriole
nucleus
cell membrane
The tough and rigid layer that surrounds plant cells, as well as some algal and bacterial cells, is called the cell wall. Therefore, the correct statement is option A.
What are the functions of cell wall?The cell wall provides mechanical support to the cell, thereby, protecting it from damage caused by external factors. The cell wall consists of complex carbohydrates, such as cellulose, lignin, etc.
The cell membrane is selectively permeable, and the cell wall is porous allowing the passage of some molecules. The cell wall also helps in cell communication and signaling.
The cell wall determines the shape of the cell and helps in the regulation of growth and development. The thickness and composition of the cell wall change with respect to different environmental conditions and helps in the survival and function of many types of cells.
Therefore, the tough and rigid layer that surrounds plant cells is called the cell wall.
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how does mars maintain equilibrium when there are unbalanced forces ?
On average, over half of a college or university campus's greenhouse gas emissions is from ________. Group of answer choices heating buildings commuting cellular respiration electricity landfilling and combusting wastes PreviousNext
Cellular respiration is responsible for the release of higher amount of greenhouse gas in the atmosphere.
What is resposnible for the release of large amount of greenhouse gas?Over half of a college or university campus's greenhouse gas emissions is from cellular respiration because of the large number of people studying in that college and university which regularly release carbondioxide gas during the process of respiration.
So we can conclude that cellular respiration is responsible for the release of higher amount of greenhouse gas in the atmosphere.
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Help please! Will mark as brainliest! Please no links.
Answer:
Species A seems like it's growth rate spikes up right before every ten years. Species A also seems that it's growth rate is slowly dropping.
Species B seems like it's growth rate is somewhat stable. It happens to go up a bit on the growth but then comes back down. It is a normal growth rate compared to Species A.
I hope this helps you out! :)
Label the parts of this wave.
A
B
В:
A
C
>
o
D
<
mi
С
D
Explanation:
A-Crest
B-Amplitude
C-Trough
D-Wavelength
I hope it helped you
Which statement best describes the relationship between cellular respiration and photosynthesis?
Group of answer choices
A. Cellular respiration produces oxygen, which is the reactant required for photosynthesis.
B.Cellular respiration produces carbon dioxide, which is the reactant required for photosynthesis.
C. Cellular respiration and photosynthesis have the same products but use different reactants.
D. Cellular respiration and photosynthesis are the same processes; one occurs in animal cells and the other in plant cells.
Answer:
option A is correct answer of given statement
Lantern fish live in the middle ocean depths where there is no sunlight. which example is a response to this dark environment? question 10 options: camouflage that allows them to blend in to their surroundings a light producing organ to attract mates and prey mimicking other deep sea animals in order to catch prey hibernating when the water temperature becomes too cold
Answer:
A lighting producing organ to attract mates and prey.
Explanation:
Camouflage would do very little for a fish that spends most of it's day in the middle of a dark ocean. Mimicking other deep sea creatures would actually be more of a disadvantage than an advantage, as the sounds would be more likely to scare away potential prey, rather than attract them. A light however, would attract the prey's curiousity and urge them to check out the light.
What two events are are required for maximal lac operon expression?.
In the dorsal columns, axons from the dorsal roots of spinal nerves that enter the spinal cord inferior to T6 ascend within the ________.
In the dorsal columns, axons from the dorsal roots of spinal nerves that enter the spinal cord inferior to T6 ascend within the cuneate fasciculus.
What do you mean by Spinal nerves?Spinal nerves may be defined as a hybrid nerve, which holds the motor, sensory, and autonomic signals between the spinal cord and the body.
The cuneate fasciculus is located laterally in the upper thoracic and cervical spinal cord segments. It illustrates the lateral portion of the dorsal columns and bears input from thoracic to cervical C1 to T6 segments of the spinal cord.
Therefore, in the dorsal columns, axons from the dorsal roots of spinal nerves that enter the spinal cord inferior to T6 ascend within the cuneate fasciculus.
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Hello people ~
Nucellus embryo is
a) amphimictic haploid
b) amphimictic diploid
c) apomictic haploid
d) apomictic diploid
Answer:
apomictic diploid
Explanation:
Apomictic is related to ase xual reproductionIt is known as apomixis Rather than meosis viable embryo is formed within the confines of the seed coat without of itA student collects data from yeast that is growing in a sealed container with sugar.
Time
(hours)
Oxygen Carbon Dioxide
Concentration in Concentration in
Container (%) Container (%)
Sugar
Concentration in
Container (mg/mL)
0
17
3
32
2
16
5
30
4
15
7
28
6
14
9
27
8
13
11
26
10
12
13
25
12
11
15
24
14
10
17
24
nich conclusion is supported by the data?
As the concentration of sugar decreases, the environment shifts toward aerobic conditions.
As the yeast breaks down sugar, it slowly releases more oxygen into the environment.
As the concentration of carbon dioxide increases, the environment shifts toward anaerobic conditions.
As the yeast noduces more carbon dioxide, it releases less sugar into the environment.
The conclusion supported by the data is that as yeast produces more carbon dioxide, it releases less sugar into the environment.
How do yeasts work in fermentation?Through fermentation, yeasts break down the glucose molecule to produce energy for your cell. In this process, carbon dioxide and alcohol are formed, favoring the production of products such as bread and alcoholic beverages.
Whit this information, we can conclude that the conclusion supported by the data is that as yeast produces more carbon dioxide, it releases less sugar into the environment.
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Given that a virus divides every 3 hours, and that a cell lyses (explodes) after it reaches a viral load of 5,000,000 units, how long will it take a virus starting at 1500 units to lyse the cell
The replication time for a virus starting at 1,500 units to lyse the cell is 5 hours.
How to calculate the Exponential growth/decay formula?x ( t ) = x 0 × (1 + r ) t
x(t) is the value at time t.x 0 is the initial value at time t = 0.r is the growth rate when r/ 0 or decay rate when r < 0, in percentage.t is the time in discrete intervals and selected time units.Whit this information, we can conclude that the replication time for a virus starting at 1,500 units to lyse the cell is 5 hours.
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Some sphinx moth caterpillars are called tomato hornworms. These large caterpillars do a tremendous amount of damage to tomato plants. Which method of moth control would be most dangerous to the honeybee, which is needed for plant pollination?.
Answer:
Spraying plants with insecticides
The method of moth control would be most dangerous to the honeybee, which is needed for plant pollination is spraying plants with insecticides.
What is pollination ?Pollination is the transfer of pollen from a plant's anther to its stigma, allowing fertilization and seed production, most commonly by an animal or by wind.
Pollination is the transfer of pollen grains from stamens, the flower parts that produce them, to ovule-bearing organs or to the ovules (seed precursors). Pollen is simply caught in a drop of fluid secreted by the ovule in plants where the ovules are exposed, such as conifers and cycads.
Pollination is the process of moving pollen grains from the anther to the stigma of the same or different flowers. Self-pollination and cross-pollination are the two types of pollination.
Thus, The method of moth control would be most dangerous to the honeybee, which is needed for plant pollination is spraying plants with insecticides.
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A species of moth has a 2 varieties of wing color: brown and white. As winter approaches, the trees where the moths live loose their leaves. The moth's predators are birds who hunt for the moths as they rest on the dark tree bark. Every moth lays 100 eggs, but only about 10 from each egg cluster live to adulthood
Assuming that this question makes reference to the survivability of the two moth variations, we can confirm that the brown-colored moth will be better adapted to survive in the winter months.
Why are the brown moths more likely to survive?This has to do with their ability to better hide from predators. As described in the question, their primary predator are birds that hunt them while resting on the tree bark. This means that the white-colored moths will stand out against the dark tree bark and be easier prey for the birds. This will eventually lead to all the moths in the area being brown-colored through the process of natural selection.
Therefore, we can confirm that the brown-colored moth will be better adapted to survive in the winter months due to their ability to hide from predators.
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What biomolecule stores genetic information?
Answer:
Nucleic acid would be the answer.
Explanation:
Nucleic acids store genetic information, while proteins build bone and muscle, carbohydrates are a quick source of energy, and lipids are essential to the development of the nervous system and hormones
_________ are secreted by one cell into the tissue fluid, diffuse to nearby cells in the same tissue, and stimulate their physiology.
The hormones are secreted by one cell into the tissue fluid, diffuse to nearby cells in the same tissue, and stimulate their physiology.
What are total no. of hormones ?Scientists have recognized over 50 hormones withinside the human frame so far. Hormones and maximum of the tissues (in particular glands) that create and launch them make up your endocrine system. Hormones manipulate many exceptional physical processes, including: Metabolism.
Hormones are chemical messengers secreted into blood or extracellular fluid with the aid of using one cell that have an effect on the functioning of different cells. Most hormones flow into in blood, entering touch with basically all cells. However, a given hormone typically influences simplest a restrained variety of cells, which might be known as goal cells.
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All of the following are examples of limiting factors in an ecosystem except:
Water
Food
Population density
Space
Answer:
population density I hope this helps
Explain how radioactive decay works?
A radioactive decay causes an unstable atomic nucleus to loose its energy by undergoing a transformation into one or more different atomic nuclei.
What is a radioactive decay?
A radioactive decay can be defined as a radioactive process in which an unstable atomic nucleus undergoes a spontaneous transformation into one or more different atomic nuclei and simultaneously emits radiation, accompanied with a loss of energy.
In Science, there are three main types of radioactive decay and these include the following:
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f both parents each carry one mutated CFTR gene, Choose... of their children will probably have cystic fibrosis, Choose... of their children will probably be carriers, and Choose... of their children will probably not have cystic fibrosis or carry the mutated gene.
Answer:
1/4 of their children will have CF and 3/4 will not have CF or be carries of the disease (1/4 technically won't even carry the mutation)
Explanation:
F dominant - f recessive
F f
I
F FF I Ff
-------------------------------
f Ff I ff
I
Justify the decision of the researchers to hold lighting conditions constant in their experiment
It is important to keep ligthening conditions constant so that researcher can monitor the effect it has on test samples
Constants of ExperimentsBasically in experiments, constants are factors ranging from temperature, humidity, light that can have effect on our test or control experiments.
In summary, constant are usually have number values.
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Description of a fungating tumor: Group of answer choices Open, exposed surface on the tumor Containing dead tissue Characterized by inflammation Large, soft, flesh tumor Mushrooming pattern of growth as tumor cells pile on top of each other
Mushrooming pattern of growth as tumor cells pile on top of each other best describes a fungating tumor which is option D.
What is a Tumor?This is an abnormal growth which occurs when cell division takes place more than it ought to occur.
Since mushroom is an example of a fungi then a fungating tumor will be best described as having it piling on each other.
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if a new predator is introduced to an environment…
Answer:
The prey with unfavorable characteristics will survive and pass traits to future generations
Recycling of carbon through decomposition is carried out by which organisms?.
Answer:
Decomposers
Explanation:
Decomposers, like bacteria and fungi recycle carbon by decomposing dead organisms. This helps the carbon continue in its cycle.
what effects of human activity have on freshwater resources
Answer: Humans throwing trash into the water
Explanation:
That's very affective.
Hopes this helps.
Bye
How much of a 100.0 g sample of Au is left after 8.10 days if its half-life is 2.70 days?
which sun is providing energy to this planet, and can the planet sustain life ?
Answer:
Without the sun's heat and light, life on Earth would not exist.
Explanation: The sun has extremely important influences on our planet: It drives weather, ocean currents, seasons, and climate, and makes plant life possible through photosynthesis.
Answer:
no it cannot sustain itself without the sun.
Animals need the sun for vitimin D plants need it to photosynthesis and in the few cases that this isn't the case those plants are parasitic and still need photosynthesing plants to get energy from. So by removing the sun we lose plants that many herbovore animals rely on then they starve resulting in lose of food for carnivores so they starve aswell. And any life left after that would most likely freeze.
Ribosomes are responsible for
creating proteins.
Where do ribosomes get the
instructions for creating proteins?
A. ATP
B. lipids
C. sugars
D. mRNA
Answer:
mRNA
Explanation:
ribosomes synthesize proteins, receiving their instructions from messenger Ribonucleic Acids
How is a cat similar to a human?
Answer:
Both are livings and are mammals
Explanation:
Hope it Helps
What type of things does active transport move across the cell membrane.
Explanation:
Active transport is the movement of dissolved molecules into or out of a cell through the cell membrane, from a region of lower concentration to a region of higher concentration. The particles move against the concentration gradient , using energy released during respiration .
what are the four roles of nutrients in the body
Answer:
provide energy, contribute to body structure, and/or regulate chemical processes in the body.