Which of the following are end-products of glycolysis?
a. CO2 and H2O
b. Pyruvate, CO2, and ATP
c. Pyruvate, NADH, and ATP
d. Acetyl CoA, CO2, and NADH
e. Citrate, H2O, and FADH 2

Physical properties can be viewed with the senses or assessed without causing harm to the thing. Physical qualities include things like colour, size, mass, length, volume, specific heat, and odour.

Chemical properties include things like the ability to combine with hydrogen to create a gas. How such an element or molecule interacts with the other substances or components is referred to as its chemical characteristics. The distribution of electrons within an atom changes throughout a chemical process.

Flammability, volatility, acidity, reactivity (of various kinds), and heat of combustion are a few examples of chemical qualities. Rust, for instance, is created when iron and oxygen interact inside the presence of water; chromium does not oxidise ([link]).

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The following reactions of alkenes take place with syn stereospecificity: Addition of bromine (treatment with Br₂) and hydrogenation (treatment with H₂/Pt).

Syn stereospecificity is a term used in organic chemistry to describe the stereochemistry of a reaction where two substituents are added to a molecule on the same side of a double bond. This is also known as syn addition which occurs in certain addition reactions of alkenes. There are several reactions of alkenes that occur with syn stereospecificity. These include the addition of bromine (treatment with Br₂) and hydrogenation (treatment with H₂/Pt). In both of these reactions, the two substituents are added to the same side of the double bond, resulting in syn addition.

On the other hand, addition of HBr (treatment with HBr) and acid-catalyzed hydration (treatment with aqueous H₂SO₄) occur with anti-stereospecificity, meaning the substituents are added to opposite sides of the double bond, resulting in anti-addition.

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Answer:

A coordinate bond, also known as a dative bond, is a type of covalent bond in which both electrons in the bond are donated by one atom. This is different from a typical covalent bond, where both atoms contribute one electron each. In a coordinate bond, the atom donating both electrons is called the donor or Lewis base, while the atom receiving the electrons is called the acceptor or Lewis acid.

Essential features of a covalent bond include the sharing of electrons between two atoms in order to achieve a more stable electron configuration. In a covalent bond, atoms with similar electronegativities share their valence electrons in order to satisfy the octet rule, where atoms strive to have eight valence electrons in their outermost shell. Covalent compounds generally have low melting temperatures despite covalent bonds being strong because the intermolecular forces between the molecules in a covalent compound are weak. These intermolecular forces are primarily London dispersion forces, which are weak attractions between temporary dipoles in molecules. Since these forces are relatively weak, it takes less energy to break them and melt or boil the compound, even though the covalent bonds holding the atoms within each molecule together are strong

The sodium bromide serves as a source of bromine radicals, which react with hydrogen peroxide to generate more radicals and eventually lead to the formation of molecular oxygen and bromine.

The intermediate hypobromous acid (HOBr) is also formed, which can react with hydrogen peroxide to produce HBrO2 and water, and then react with bromide ions to regenerate bromine radical and complete the catalytic cycle.

The overall reaction can be written as:

2 H2O2 + 2 Br- → 2 H2O + Br2 + 2 O2

In this reaction, sodium bromide (NaBr) is acting as a catalyst, as it is not consumed in the reaction and only a small amount is required to initiate the reaction.

The reaction intermediates are bromine radical (Br•) and hypobromous acid (HOBr), which are formed during the reaction:

H₂O₂+Br⁻ → HO₂+H₂O (slow)

HO₂+H₂O₂→H₂O+O₂+OH (fast)

OH + Br⁻ → HOBr (fast)

HOBr + H₂O₂ → HBrO₂ + H₂O (fast)

HBrO₂ + Br⁻ → Br2 + HO₂⁻ + H2O (fast)

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Answer:

Explanation:

Question 1:

The balanced chemical equation is:

2 NH3 + 3 CuO → 3 Cu + N2 + 3 H2O

The molar ratio between CuO and N2 is 3:1, which means that for every 3 moles of CuO consumed, 1 mole of N2 is produced.

To find how many grams of N2 can be produced from 5.3 moles of CuO, we need to first calculate how many moles of N2 can be produced:

Moles of CuO = 5.3 mol CuO

Moles of N2 = Moles of CuO / 3 (from the molar ratio)

Moles of N2 = 5.3 mol CuO / 3 = 1.77 mol N2

Now we can use the molar mass of N2 to calculate the mass:

Molar mass of N2 = 14 g/mol

Mass of N2 = Moles of N2 x Molar mass of N2

Mass of N2 = 1.77 mol x 14 g/mol = 24.78 g

Rounded to the nearest tenth, the answer is 24.8 g of N2.

Therefore, 24.8 grams of N2 can be made when 5.3 moles of CuO are consumed.

Question 2:

The balanced chemical equation is:

S + 6 HNO3 → H2SO4 + 6 NO2 + 2 H2O

The molar ratio between HNO3 and H2O is 6:2, which means that for every 6 moles of HNO3 consumed, 2 moles of H2O are produced.

To find how many grams of H2O can be produced from 19.5 moles of HNO3, we need to first calculate how many moles of H2O can be produced:

Moles of HNO3 = 19.5 mol HNO3

Moles of H2O = Moles of HNO3 x 2/6 (from the molar ratio)

Moles of H2O = 19.5 mol HNO3 x 2/6 = 6.5 mol H2O

Now we can use the molar mass of H2O to calculate the mass:

Molar mass of H2O = 18 g/mol

Mass of H2O = Moles of H2O x Molar mass of H2O

Mass of H2O = 6.5 mol x 18 g/mol = 117 g

Rounded to the nearest tenth, the answer is 117.0 g of H2O.

Therefore, 117.0 grams of H2O can be made when 19.5 moles of HNO3 are consumed.

Question 3:

The balanced chemical equation is:

3 Cu + 8HNO3 → 3 Cu(NO3)2 + 2 NO + 4 H2O

The molar ratio between HNO3 and H2O is 8:4, which means that for every 8 moles of HNO3 consumed, 4 moles of H2O are produced.

To find how many grams of H2O can be produced from 15.4 moles of HNO3, we need to first calculate how many moles of H2O can be produced:

Moles of HNO3 = 15.4 mol HNO3

Moles of H2O = Moles of HNO3 x 4/8 (from the molar ratio)

Moles of H2O = 15.4 mol

Answer:

Resource distribution plays a significant role in shaping the world we live in. Uneven distribution of resources such as food, water, energy, and raw materials can lead to various consequences such as population distribution, human migration, and trade.

Population distribution: The uneven distribution of resources can lead to the unequal distribution of people. People tend to settle in areas where resources are abundant, such as near water sources, fertile land, and mineral-rich regions. For example, many coastal cities have high population density due to easy access to water, fishing, and shipping opportunities. On the other hand, areas with scarce resources such as deserts, mountains, and polar regions have lower population density.

Human migration: Resource distribution is also a significant factor that drives human migration. People move from one place to another in search of better opportunities, such as jobs, education, and a better quality of life. For instance, rural people may migrate to urban areas in search of jobs, while people in resource-poor regions may migrate to resource-rich areas to improve their livelihoods. Climate change and natural disasters may also cause migration, such as people moving from drought-affected regions to regions with better water availability.

Trade: The distribution of resources also affects trade between regions and countries. Countries with abundant natural resources such as oil, gas, and minerals can export them to other countries, generating revenue and creating jobs. On the other hand, countries with scarce resources may import them from other countries, creating trade relationships. Trade allows countries to specialize in producing goods and services in which they have a comparative advantage and trade them for goods and services they do not produce efficiently.

In conclusion, the distribution of resources has a significant impact on various aspects of our lives, including population distribution, human migration, and trade. Unequal distribution of resources can lead to inequality and conflict, while a balanced distribution can promote economic growth and stability.

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a. The 5d sublevel has a total of 10 orbitals, each orbital can hold 2 electrons, therefore the 5dz2 orbital can hold a maximum of 2 electrons.

b. The 1d sublevel does not exist, as "d" orbitals start from the second energy level. So, there cannot be any electrons in the 1d designation.

c. The 5d sublevel has a total of 10 orbitals, each orbital can hold 2 electrons, therefore the 5d sublevel can hold a maximum of 20 electrons.

d. The 7p sublevel has a total of 7 orbitals, each orbital can hold 2 electrons, therefore the 7p sublevel can hold a maximum of 14 electrons.

e. The 6d sublevel has a total of 10 orbitals, each orbital can hold 2 electrons, therefore the 6d sublevel can hold a maximum of 20 electrons.

f. The n=3 energy level contains three sublevels: 3s, 3p, and 3d. The 3s sublevel has 1 orbital and can hold a maximum of 2 electrons, the 3p sublevel has 3 orbitals and can hold a maximum of 6 electrons, and the 3d sublevel has 5 orbitals and can hold a maximum of 10 electrons. Therefore, the n=3 energy level can hold a maximum of 18 electrons.

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Answer:

A) Convention carries heat to the thermometer

Explanation:

Since convention is the process of heat transfer by the bulk movement of molecules, heat will be transfered to the thermometer from the heating end to the other end.

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The equilibrium position of a chemical reaction is determined by the balance between the rates of the forward and reverse reactions. This position is governed by a set of equilibrium constants, which are dependent on various environmental variables. In order for the equilibrium position to remain constant, these variables must also remain constant.

The key environmental variables that must remain constant include temperature, pressure, and concentration of reactants and products. Any change in these variables can shift the equilibrium position and alter the concentrations of reactants and products in the system.

Temperature is a crucial variable because the equilibrium constant is temperature-dependent. A change in temperature can cause the reaction to shift in either the forward or reverse direction, depending on whether the reaction is exothermic or endothermic.

Pressure also affects the equilibrium position for reactions involving gases. Changes in pressure can alter the concentrations of gases and shift the equilibrium position in favor of the side with fewer moles of gas.

Finally, the concentration of reactants and products also affects the equilibrium position. Altering the concentration of one of the species can shift the equilibrium position towards the side with lower concentration.

In summary, to maintain a constant equilibrium position, it is important to maintain constant values of temperature, pressure, and concentrations of reactants and products.

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The volume of the 1.0 M sodium phosphate must be used to make 4.0 L of 0.80 M sodium phosphate is 3.2 L which is determined by dilution formula. So, option (d) is correct.

Dilution is defined as the process of decreasing the concentration of a solute in a solution simply by mixing with more solvent like adding more water to the solution. To dilute a solution means to add more solvent without the addition of more solute to the solution. It can be calculated by using the dilution formula.

Dilution formula  for the stock solution can be expressed as ,

 M1V1 = M2V2

Here, M1 is the concentration of the stock solution, V1 is the volume of the stock solution, M2 is the concentration of the new solution and V2 is the volume of the new solution.

Putting all the values we get,

1 M x V1 = 0.80 M x 4 L

V1 = 3.2 L

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The complete question is,

What volume of 1.0 M sodium phosphate, to the nearest tenth of a liter, must be used to make 4.0 L of 0.80 M sodium phosphate?

answer choices

a. 0.2 L

b. 1.2 L

c. 2.2 L

d. 3.2 L

Answer:

4.65 meters

Explanation:

To convert 465 cm to m, you would need to divide 465 by 100, which equals 4.65 m.

The sp3 hybrid orbitals of the N atom overlap with the 1s atomic orbitals of the H atoms to form the N-H sigma bonds in NH3.

In NH3, the N atom uses its sp3 hybrid orbitals to form covalent bonds with three hydrogen atoms. The sp3 hybrid orbitals of the N atom overlap with the 1s atomic orbitals of the H atoms to form four N-H sigma (σ) bonds.

Each of the sp3 hybrid orbitals of the N atom has one lobe that is larger than the other. The larger lobe contains more electron density and overlaps with the 1s orbital of the H atom to form the N-H sigma bond. The smaller lobe of the sp3 hybrid orbital contains less electron density and overlaps with other orbitals or lone pairs of electrons on the N atom.

Therefore, the sp3 hybrid orbitals of the N atom overlap with the 1s atomic orbitals of the H atoms to form the N-H sigma bonds in NH3.

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The given statement "PAH is an acronym for polycyclic aromatic hydrogen" is true because it is the Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons.

The Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons that is the (PAHs)  are the class of the chemicals that will occur naturally in the coal, crude oil, and the gasoline. They will result from the burning coal, oil, gas, the wood, the garbage, and the tobacco. The PAHs can be bind to or form the small particles in the air.

These compounds are the range from the simple two ring compounds such as the naphthalene and the its derivatives to the more intricate ring structures with the up to the 10 rings.

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It is given that calories and joules are two kinds of units of measurement of energy, then 32.3kj is equivalent to  7719calories.

Heat energy is the energy that is transferred from one object to another due to a difference in temperature. Heat energy is measured in joules (J). Joules and calories are both units of energy. A joule is the SI (International System of Units) unit of energy, while a calorie is a unit of energy used in the imperial system.

A joule is a measure of energy that is equal to the energy expended in applying a force of one newton to a body that is moving one meter in the direction of the force. A calorie is a unit of energy that is equal to the amount of energy needed to raise the temperature of one gram of water by one degree Celsius.

1 calorie is =  4.184 joules.

Then 32.3kj is equal to:

[tex]32.3 * 10^3/4.184 = 7719calories[/tex]

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Answer: theroretical yield

Explanation:If a chemist calculates the maximum amount of product that could be obtained in a chemical reaction, he or she is calculating the... theroretical yield.

Answer:

theroretical yield

Explanation:

The pH of the solution made by 10 ml of 1 M HCl with 10 ml of 2 M NaOH is 1.3.

As we know, pH = -log [H⁺], so it is clear that we have to find [H⁺] in order to find pH.

Balanced chemical equation is given as,

HCl + NaOH → H₂O + NaCl

Moles HCl present = 10 ml x 1 L/1000 ml x 0.10 mol/L = 0.001 moles HCl

Moles NaOH present = 10 ml x 1 L/1000 ml x 0.20 mol/L = 0.002 moles NaOH

Moles HCl left over after reaction with NaOH = 0.001 - 0.002 = -0.001 moles HCl = -0.001 moles H⁺

Final volume of solution = 10 ml + 10 ml = 20 ml = 0.02 L

[H⁺] = -0.001 moles / 0.02 L = -0.05 M

pH = -log (-0.05)

pH = 1.3

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The monoprotic acid in the water produces a 1.64 M solution, and the pH of the resulting solution is 2.95. We must determine the Ka of the acid.

So, let's get started. Calculate Ka using the pH value: Ka can be calculated using the given pH value by using the following formula: pH = -log10 [H+], therefore [H+] = 10 -pH.For a monoprotic acid, we can say that the [H+] concentration equals the [A-] concentration. So, at equilibrium: Ka = [H+]^2/[A-]where, [H+] is the concentration of the hydronium ion, and [A-] is the concentration of the acid.

Then, we calculate the Ka for the acid in the solution as follows:[H+] = 10^-2.95 = 6.31 x 10^-3 [M]Hence, we get the Ka of the acid as shown below: Ka = [H+]^2/[A-] = (6.31 x 10^-3)^2/(1.64 - 6.31 x 10^-3)Ka = 2.58 x 10^-4Thus, the Ka for the acid is 2.58 x 10^-4.

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Answer:

water has the same amount of density no matter the amount

Explanation:

Answer: 14.11 g

Explanation:

Ideal gas law

We will use the ideal gas law for this problem:

[tex]PV=nRT[/tex]

We know V, which is 7.10

P is 1.11 atm

and T is 31.0 C, or 305 K

R will be 0.08206 L*atm/mol*k, since we are dealing with atmospheres for our pressure.

Now, we just need to solve for n, moles

[tex]1.11*7.10=n*0.08206*305\\n=0.321[/tex]

We have 0.321 moles of CO2

Convert to g

The molar mass of CO2 is 44.01 g/mol, so we multiply 44.01 g/mol by 0.321 moles to cancel out the moles and get grams.

[tex]\frac{44.01g}{mol} *0.321mol=14.11 g[/tex]

Answer:

True

Explanation:

In general, metals are located on the left of the periodic table. Nonmetals are on the right. This means that they are on opposite sides.  So the answer is True.

Explanation:

The graph shows the distribution of energy in the particles of two gas samples at different temperatures, T1 and T2. A, B, and C represent individual particles.

Based on the graph, which of the following statements is likely to be true?

A. Particle B is more likely to participate in the reaction than particle A.

B. Particle C is more likely to participate in the reaction than particle B.

C. Most of the gas particles have either very high or very low kinetic energies.

The volume of 6.0 m hydrochloric acid solution that is needed to prepare 500 ml of a 10m hydrochloric solution is 830 ml.

Hydrochloric acid (HCl) is a colorless, corrosive, and pungent gas with a formula of HCl. It is a compound of hydrogen and chlorine. Hydrochloric acid has a wide range of applications, including the production of plastics, dyes, and fertilizers, as well as in the manufacture of rubber and textiles.

To calculate the volume of 6.0 m hydrochloric acid solution required to prepare 500 ml of a 10m hydrochloric acid solution, we need to use the equation:

M1V1 = M2V2

Where M1 is the initial concentration, V1 is the initial volume, M2 is the final concentration, and V2 is the final volume.

We will first calculate the amount of HCl present in the 10m hydrochloric acid solution:

M2 = 10m
V2 = 500 ml = 0.5 L

n = M2 x V2
n = 10m x 0.5 L
n = 5 moles

The quantity of HCl required to produce a 10m solution is 5 moles.

Now, we will use the above equation to determine the volume of the 6.0 m hydrochloric acid solution required to make a 10m hydrochloric acid solution:

M1 = 6.0 m
M2 = 10m
V2 = 0.5 L

M1V1 = M2V2
6.0 m x V1 = 10m x 0.5 L
V1 = (10m x 0.5 L) / 6.0 m
V1 = 0.83 L or 830 ml

Thus, 830 ml of 6.0 m hydrochloric acid solution is needed to prepare 500 ml of 10m hydrochloric acid solution.

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a. In real life, one might have purchased a product stored with silica, such as electronics or leather goods, to name a few.

b The use of silica gel in these products is to absorb moisture and prevent damage to the product due to moisture.

Silicа, or silicon dioxide ([tex]SiO_{2}[/tex]), is а chemicаl compound thаt is ubiquitous in nаture. It is one of the most prevаlent minerаls on the eаrth's surfаce, found in rocks, sаnd, аnd soil. The mаjority of silicа is found in its crystаlline form, which is clаssified аs quаrtz. When silicа is hydrаted, it becomes silicon dioxide hydrаte, which is а wаter-аbsorbing substаnce.

Silicа gel is used in electronic devices such аs cаmerаs, smаrtphones, аnd tаblets to protect them from moisture dаmаge. Silicа gel is also used in leаther goods such аs shoes аnd hаndbаgs to prevent moisture dаmаge. Silicа gel is used in medicine pаckаging to prevent moisture from spoiling the medicine.

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Answer:

For Covelent bonds to form there has to be 2 non-metal

Explanation:

So it's 3 because it needs a octet electron around them

The oxidation number of the monatomic ions of the following elements are a. Cs (cesium): +1, b. Ba (barium): +2, c. As (arsenic): -3, d. Sr (strontium): +2, e. Rb (rubidium): +1.

The oxidation number of the monatomic ions of cesium, barium, arsenic, strontium, and rubidium are +1, +2, -3, +2, and +1, respectively. Below is an explanation of how the oxidation number of each element was obtained.

Oxidation state refers to the oxidation number of an atom, which indicates its state of oxidation or reduction in a chemical reaction. The oxidation state can be determined by adding up the valence electrons of an atom in its neutral state and subtracting the valence electrons that it has either gained or lost in a compound.Cesium has one valence electron, which it gives up to form an ion with a charge of +1. Therefore, the oxidation number of Cs is +1.Barium has two valence electrons, which it gives up to form an ion with a charge of +2. Therefore, the oxidation number of Ba is +2.

Arsenic has five valence electrons, but it prefers to gain three electrons to complete its outer shell of eight electrons, resulting in a charge of -3. Therefore, the oxidation number of As is -3.Strontium has two valence electrons, which it gives up to form an ion with a charge of +2. Therefore, the oxidation number of Sr is +2.Rubidium has one valence electron, which it gives up to form an ion with a charge of +1. Therefore, the oxidation number of Rb is +1. So, the oxidation number of the monatomic ions of cesium, barium, arsenic, strontium, and rubidium are +1, +2, -3, +2, and +1, respectively. Below is an explanation of how the oxidation number of each element was obtained.

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The positive attributes are;

The experiment was repeated to decrease the error margin

There is a control to establish the validity of the study.

To improve an experiment to determine the time taken for ice to dissolve when sprayed with salt, you could consider the following:

Increase the sample size: Conduct the experiment on a larger sample size to increase the accuracy of the results.

Minimize external factors: Minimize external factors that may affect the experiment, such as temperature, humidity, and air flow, to ensure that the results are accurate and consistent.

Use a better timer: Use a timer to record the time taken for the ice to dissolve completely.

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Answer:

1. Motion

2. Position

3. Relation

4. Distance

5. Reference point

6. North

7. South

8. motion

9. Speed

10. Distance

11. Direction

12. displacement

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During the light-dependent reactions, electron transport leads to the thylakoid space becoming more positively charged.

Light-dependent reactions are a series of biochemical reactions that occur in the thylakoid membranes of chloroplasts during photosynthesis. These reactions transform light energy into chemical energy in the form of ATP and NADPH, which can then be utilized by the Calvin cycle to convert carbon dioxide into glucose.The space within the thylakoid membranes of chloroplasts is known as the thylakoid space. This space, which is surrounded by the thylakoid membrane, is separated from the stroma of the chloroplasts by the thylakoid membrane. The thylakoid space is where the light-dependent reactions of photosynthesis take place.

During electron transport, electrons are passed from one electron carrier to another. These electron carriers are located in the thylakoid membrane of chloroplasts. When electrons are passed from one carrier to another, they lose energy, which is used to transport hydrogen ions (protons) from the stroma of the chloroplasts to the thylakoid space. This movement of protons from the stroma to the thylakoid space causes the thylakoid space to become more positively charged. This creates an electrochemical gradient, which is used by ATP synthase to produce ATP from ADP and phosphate ions. Therefore, electron transport leads to the thylakoid space becoming more positively charged.

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The  Molarity of the solution is 11.9M.

Molarity of the solution is defined as the number of moles of solute per unit volume of solution in liters. The molarity of the solution can be determined by dividing the number of moles of the solute by the volume of the solution in liters.

The formula for molarity is as follows: Molarity (M) = Moles of solute / Volume of solution in liters Moles of HCl present in the solution = (mass of solute) / (molar mass of solute)Molar mass of HCl = 1(atomic mass of H) + 35.5(atomic mass of Cl) = 36.5 g/mol Moles of HCl = 868.8 g / 36.5 g/mol = 23.8 mol Molarity of HCl solution = Moles of HCl / Volume of solution= 23.8 mol / 2.00 L = 11.9 M The molarity of the solution is 11.9 M (Molar).Hence, the solution was 11.9 M HCl.

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