The electron transport chain (ETC) is a series of membrane-bound proteins that transfer electrons from electron donors (such as NADH and FADH₂) to electron acceptors (such as oxygen) through a series of redox reactions.
The ETC plays a critical role in aerobic respiration and is responsible for generating a proton gradient across the mitochondrial inner membrane, which is used to generate ATP through the process of oxidative phosphorylation.
Therefore, the event that takes place in the electron transport chain is the harnessing of energy from redox reactions to generate a proton gradient. This occurs as electrons are passed along the ETC and are used to pump protons (H⁺) from the matrix into the intermembrane space. This creates a proton gradient that is used by ATP synthase to generate ATP from ADP and Pi.
The other events mentioned, such as the breakdown of an acetyl group to carbon dioxide and the breakdown of glucose into six carbon dioxide molecules, occur earlier in cellular respiration during glycolysis and the citric acid cycle. Substrate-level phosphorylation, on the other hand, occurs during glycolysis and the citric acid cycle and involves the direct transfer of a phosphate group from a substrate molecule to ADP to generate ATP.
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How many grams are in 0.8mol of K20? The molar mass of K2O is 94.2g/mol. a. 117.75 g b. 1.08 g c. 75.36 g d. 15 g
The correct option is c. 75.36g. The given oxide is named Potassium Superoxide, as it contains O2-anion which is known as superoxide.
As per the mole concept,
1 mol of the compound holds a similar measure of the compound as demonstrated by its molar mass.
In this way, here,
Molar mass is= 94.2 g/mol
Implies, 1 mol of compound holds 94.2 g of it
In this way, 0.8 mol of compound holds (94.2×0.8) g of it = 75.36 g
Thus, the right response is-75.36 g.
The mole concept is a helpful technique for communicating how much a substance is. Any estimation can be separated into two sections - the mathematical extent and the units that the greatness communicated. For instance, when the mass of a ball is estimated to be 2 kilograms, the size is '2' and the unit is 'kilogram'.
While managing particles at a nuclear (or molecular) level, even one gram of an unadulterated component is known to contain an enormous number of iotas. This is where the mole concept is generally utilized. It basically centers around the unit known as a 'mole', which is a count of an extremely enormous number of particles.
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How many molecules are in 82.8 grams of dinitrogen tetroxide, N2O4 ?
there are approximately 5.41 x 10^23 molecules in 82.8 grams of N2O4.
To determine the number of molecules in 82.8 grams of N2O4, we need to use the Avogadro's constant (6.02 x 10^23) and the molar mass of N2O4 (92.02 g/mol).
First, we need to calculate the number of moles of N2O4 present in 82.8 grams:
Number of moles = Mass ÷ Molar mass
Number of moles = 82.8 g ÷ 92.02 g/mol
Number of moles = 0.8995 mol
Next, we can use Avogadro's constant to convert the number of moles to the number of molecules:
Number of molecules = Number of moles x Avogadro's constant
Number of molecules = 0.8995 mol x 6.02 x 10^23 molecules/mol
Number of molecules = 5.41 x 10^23 molecules
Therefore, there are approximately 5.41 x 10^23 molecules in 82.8 grams of N2O4.
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which of the following is true of a solution? group of answer choices the components of a solution can be separated by filtration. the components of a solution separate on standing. the separation of a solution into its components is a chemical change. the separation of a solution into its components is a physical change.
The separation of a solution into its components is a physical change.
A solution is a homogeneous mixture of two or more substances, where the substances are evenly distributed throughout the mixture. The components of a solution can be separated through various physical methods, such as filtration, evaporation, distillation, chromatography, and so on.
These methods do not change the chemical identity of the individual components, but simply separate them based on their physical properties, such as size, polarity, boiling point, etc. Therefore, the separation of a solution into its components is a physical change, not a chemical change.
Thus, the separation of a solution into its components is a physical change, and can be reversed to obtain the original substances.
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How much energy (in Joules) would it take to warm 3.11 grams of gold by 7.9 oC
(specific heat capacity of gold = 0.130 J/g °C)
Explanation:
3,11 g * 7.9 C * .130 J/(g C) = 3.19 J
See how the 'g' the 'C' cancel out and you are left with 'J ' for an answer?
What is the electron configuration of Ga3+
You water three sunflower plants with salt water. each plant receives a different concentration of salt solutions. a fourth plant receives pure water. after a two week period, the height is measured. 1. what is the independent variable in this experiment? 2. what is the dependent variable in this experiment? 3. what is the control variable in this experiment?
1. The independent variable in this experiment is the concentration of salt solutions that the sunflower plants receive.
2. The dependent variable in this experiment is the height of the sunflower plants after the two-week period.
3. The control variable in this experiment is the plant that receives pure water, which serves as a control group for comparison to the plants that receive salt solutions.
Other control variables may include the type of sunflower plant, the amount of water each plant receives, the amount of sunlight, the temperature, etc. These control variables are kept constant to ensure that any observed differences in plant height can be attributed to the concentration of salt solutions and not to other factors.
The conclusion of the answer is that in an experiment where three sunflower plants are watered with salt water of varying concentrations and a fourth plant is watered with pure water, the independent variable is the concentration of salt solutions, the dependent variable is the height of the sunflower plants after two weeks, and the control variable is the plant that receives pure water.
Control variables are kept constant to ensure that any observed differences in plant height can be attributed to the concentration of salt solutions and not to other factors.
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I need help filling out this chart can someone help me please
Answer:
Explanation:
1)
Atomic No.=27
Mass No.= 59
Protons- 27
Neutrons- 32
electrons= 27
2)
73 181 Ta
protons=73
neutrons=108
electrons=73
Write a formula for one neutral uncharged atom and any three ions which have the same electron configuration
The formula for one neutral uncharged atom and the four ions will be: Cl (neutral) + Cl⁻ + Cl⁺ + Cl₃⁺ + Cl₅⁺.
The electron configuration of an atom or ion refers to the arrangement of electrons in its shells or subshells. For example, the electron configuration of a neutral oxygen atom is 1s₂ 2s₂ 2p₄, which means that it has two electrons in its first shell, two electrons in its second shell, and four electrons in its third shell.
To write a formula for one neutral uncharged atom and any three ions which have the same electron configuration, we need to first identify an element that has four ions with the same electron configuration. Let's take chlorine (Cl) as an example.
The electron configuration of the neutral chlorine atom will be 1s₂ 2s₂ 2p₆ 3s₂ 3p₅. Chlorine can form four different ions by either gaining or losing electrons:
Chlorine ion with a -1 charge (Cl⁻) has the same electron configuration as a neutral argon atom: 1s₂ 2s₂ 2p₆ 3s₂ 3p₆
Chlorine ion with a +1 charge (Cl⁺) has the same electron configuration as a neutral neon atom: 1s₂ 2s₂ 2p₆
Chlorine ion with a +3 charge (Cl₃⁺) has the same electron configuration as a neutral magnesium ion (Mg₂⁺): 1s₂ 2s₂ 2p₆
Chlorine ion with a +5 charge (Cl₅⁺) has the same electron configuration as a neutral neon ion (Ne2+): 1s₂ 2s₂ 2p₅
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Drag the tiles to the correct locations. Not all tiles will be used. Write the chemical formula of tetraphosphorus octasulfide. P S 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
The chemical formula of tetra phosphorus octa sulfide is P4S8.
The formula indicates that there are 4 atoms of phosphorus and 8 atoms of sulfur in one molecule of tetra phosphorus octa sulfide.
Therefore, the correct placement of the tiles would be:
P S S S S S S S P P P P
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
The arrangement of the tiles depicts how the atoms of a molecule are ordered. Eight sulfur atoms circle the four phosphorus atoms in the center, creating a cyclic structure.
StepsTetraphosphorus octa sulfide's chemical formula is written using the chemical symbols for phosphorus (P) and sulfur (S), which are represented by the tiles in the given prompt.
Any compound's molecular formula reveals the kind and quantity of atoms that make up each molecule. Tetraphosphorus Octasulfide's molecular formula must be written down, thus we must first determine each element's valency.
With a valency of 5, phosphorus may combine with other elements to form five different chemical bonds. Contrarily, sulfur has a valency of 2, which implies it may interact chemically in two ways with other elements.
There are 4 phosphorus atoms and 8 sulfur atoms in tetra phosphorus octa sulfide. The subscripts in the molecular formula represent the number of atoms that belong to each element.
Tetraphosphorus octasulfide's exact formula is consequently P4S8, which demonstrates that each molecule of the substance contains 4 phosphorus atoms and 8 sulfur atoms.
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what is the ph at the equivalence point in the titration of 10.0 ml of 0.47 m hz with 0.200 m naoh? ka = 4.4 × 10−6 for hz.
The pH at the equivalence point in the titration of 10.0 ml of 0.47 mHz with 0.200 m NaOH can be determined as follows:
In this titration, we are supposed to calculate the pH at the equivalence point of the strong base, NaOH (sodium hydroxide), with a weak acid, HZ (hydrogen bromide).
Here, we can follow the following steps:
Step 1: We are supposed to find the number of moles of Hz which is given as;10.0 ml of 0.47 mHz= 10/1000 × 0.47= 0.0047 moles
Step 2: Now we have to find out the number of moles of NaOH used at the equivalence point. This can be calculated by using the formula;
Moles of Acid= Moles of Base
NaOH is the base here, as it is a strong base, and HZ is a weak acid.
Therefore, 0.0047 moles of NaOH 0.200 (M) of NaOH = 0.0024 moles of NaOH
Step 3: After we have found out the number of moles of NaOH, we will calculate the number of moles of NaOH left after the reaction has occurred. At the equivalence point, moles of base (NaOH) equal moles of acid (Hz).
Therefore, we will subtract the number of moles of NaOH used from the initial number of moles of NaOH, which will give the number of moles of NaOH left. 0.0024 - 0.0047 = -0.0023 moles of NaOH left.
(The value is negative because the number of moles of the acid is greater than the number of moles of the base)
Step 4: After that, we will calculate the concentration of HZ using the formula.
Molarity of acid = moles of acid/volume of acid (in litres)
10.0 ml of Hz are used in the reaction. 0.0047 moles of HZ are used in the reaction
Molarity of acid = 0.0047 / 0.01 = 0.47 M
Step 5: Now we can calculate the pKa of HZ.
The formula for pKa is: pKa = -log KaKa = 4.4 106 for HZpKa = -log (4.4 106) pKa = 5.36
Step 6: We will calculate the pH at the equivalence point using the formula;
pH = pKa + log (base/acid)
At the equivalence point, Base = Acid
Therefore, pH = pKa = 5.36
Hence, the pH at the equivalence point in the titration of 10.0 ml of 0.47 mHz with 0.200 m NaOH is 5.36.
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what are the numbers of bonding groups and lone pairs in each case? check all that apply. what are the numbers of bonding groups and lone pairs in each case?check all that apply. five electron groups, with four bonding groups and a lone pair. two electron groups, with both groups being bonding groups. five electron groups, with two bonding groups and three lone pairs. five electron groups, with a bonding group and four lone pairs. two electron groups, with a bonding group and a lone pair.
The number of bonding groups and lone pairs in each case is according to the number of electron groups.
1. In the case of five electron groups, with four bonding groups and a lone pair, there are 4 bonding groups and 1 lone pair.
2. In the case of two-electron groups, with both groups being bonding groups, there are 2 bonding groups and 0 lone pairs.
3. In the case of five electron groups, with two bonding groups and three lone pairs, there are 2 bonding groups and 3 lone pairs.
4. In the case of five electron groups, with a bonding group and four lone pairs, there is 1 bonding group and 4 lone pairs.
5. In the case of two-electron groups, with a bonding group and a lone pair, there is 1 bonding group and 1 lone pair.
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in the reaction of n2 and h2 to produce nh3, how many moles of h2 will produce 59.2 grams nh3 if sufficient n2 is present?
The balanced equation for the reaction of N2 and H2 to produce
NH3 is:N2(g) + 3H2(g) → 2NH3(g)
From this equation, we can infer that for every one mole of N2, we need 3 moles of H2 to produce 2 moles of NH3. Therefore, to determine the moles of H2 needed to produce 59.2 grams of NH3, we must first determine the number of moles of NH3 produced by 59.2 grams. The molar mass of NH3 is 17.03 g/mol. Therefore, the number of moles of NH3 produced is:59.2 g / 17.03 g/mol = 3.47 mol NH3Now we can use the mole ratio from the balanced equation to determine the number of moles of H2 required. For every 2 moles of NH3, we need 3 moles of H2. Therefore:3.47 mol NH3 x (3 mol H2 / 2 mol NH3) = 5.21 mol H2
Therefore, 5.21 moles of H2 are needed to produce 59.2 grams of NH3 if sufficient N2 is present.
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how many atoms are in a 0.056 g piece of aluminum? group of answer choices 5.6x1024 7.2x1020 1.2x1021 8.1x1023 3.4x1022
There are approximately 3.4 x 10²² atoms in a 0.056 g piece of aluminium.
Atoms are the fundamental units of matter that are made up of a nucleus containing protons and neutrons, as well as electrons that orbit the nucleus. Aluminium is a chemical element with the atomic symbol Al and atomic number 13, and it is a silvery-white metal that is extremely light and ductile. In one mole of aluminium, there are 6.022 x 10²³ atoms (Avogadro’s number).
We need to calculate the number of aluminium atoms in a 0.056 g piece of aluminium.
To calculate the number of atoms in a given amount of aluminium, we will use the formula:
n = N / NAv
where n is the number of moles of aluminium, N is the mass of aluminium, and NAv is Avogadro's number.
NAv = 6.022 x 10²³ mol⁻¹
So, we get:
n = N / NAv = (0.056 g) / (26.98 g mol⁻¹) x (6.022 x 10²³ mol⁻¹) ≈ 3.4 x 10²² atoms.
Therefore, the answer is 3.4 x 10²² atoms.
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Can I get any help for 25pts
Answer: In the Picture all the question has been done
Explanation:
a sample of a molecular compound was analyzed and found to contain 0.707 grams carbon (c), 0.2372 grams of hydrogen (h). determine the empirical formula of the compound. given the added information that the molar mass of the compound is 8 times the empirical mass, determine the molar mass of the compound.
The molar mass of the compound is 128.4 g/mol.
The empirical formula is an empirical formula that represents the lowest whole-number ratio of the atoms present in a compound. The empirical formula for the molecular compound is calculated using the percentage composition of the elements present in the compound. The steps used to find the empirical formula are as follows:
Find the mass of each element present in the compound.Convert each mass to moles.Divide each mole value by the smallest number of moles.Round to the nearest whole number and write the subscripts.The molar mass is the mass of a substance that contains 6.02 × 10²³ atoms or molecules. To calculate the molar mass of a compound, add the masses of all the atoms present in the compound.
C=0.707g,12.01 g/mol=0.0588 molCnH=0.2372 =1.01g/m=0.235 mol H
nH=4nC
The empirical formula of the compound is CH4. The molar mass of the compound can be calculated using the empirical formula.
M=12.01 g/mol+4(1.01 g/mol)=16.05 g/mol
The molar mass of the compound is 8 times the empirical mass, so the actual molar mass is;
M=8(16.05{g/mol})=128.4g/mol. The molar mass of the compound is 128.4 g/mol.
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Example 4: How many joules are required to boil 150. grams of water? (The heat of vaporization of water
is 40.67 kJ/mole.)
The joules required to boil 150. grams of water, given the heat of vaporization of water is 338,400 J.
How to find the energy required ?To calculate the amount of energy required to boil 150 grams of water, we can use the following formula:
q = m × ΔHvap
First, we need to convert the heat of vaporization from kJ/mol to J/g:
40.67 kJ/mol = 40.67 × 10^3 J/mol
40.67 × 10^3 J/mol / 18.02 g/mol = 2256 J/g
So the heat of vaporization of water is 2256 J/g.
Now we can plug in the values:
q = 150 g × 2256 J/g
q = 338,400 Joules
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radium has a hald life of 1500 years, how long would it take for 250kg to decay down to less than 10kg
It would take approximately 4858.35 years for 250 kg of radium to decay down to less than 10 kg.
The amount of time it takes for a given amount of radium to decay to a certain level can be determined using the radium's half-life. This can be done using the following formula:
Amount of time = Half-life x ln (Initial amount/Final amount)
Given that radium has a half-life of 1500 years, we can use this formula to determine the amount of time it takes for 250 kg of radium to decay down to less than 10 kg.
Initial amount of radium = 250 kg
Final amount of radium = 10 kg
Half-life of radium = 1500 years
Amount of time = Half-life x ln (Initial amount/Final amount)
Amount of time = 1500 x ln (250/10)
Amount of time = 1500 x ln (25)
Amount of time = 1500 x 3.2189
Amount of time ≈ 4858.35 years
Therefore, it would take 4858.35 years.
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solutions of the [v(oh2)6]2 ion are lilac and absorb light of wavelength 806 nm . calculate the ligand field splitting energy in the complex in units of kilojoules per mole.
The ligand field splitting energy in the complex in units of kilojoules per mole when the solutions of the [V(OH2)6]2 ion are lilac and absorb light of wavelength 806 nm is 331kJ/mol. To calculate the ligand field splitting energy in the complex.
The ligand field splitting energy in the complex can be calculated by the following formula:Δoct = hc/λ Where,Δoct = Ligand field splitting energy hc = Planck's constant (6.626 x 10^-34 J s)λ = wavelength of light absorbed In the given problem, the absorbed wavelength of light is 806 nm. So we need to convert it into meters as we have to use the value in the formula. c = speed of light = 3.0 x 10^8 m/sλ = 806 nm = 806 x 10^-9 m Substituting the values in the formula:Δoct = hc/λ = (6.626 x 10^-34 J s) x (3.0 x 10^8 m/s) / (806 x 10^-9 m) = 2.477 x 10^-19 J= 2.477 x 10^-19 J x 1 kJ/1000J x NA Where NA is Avogadro's number (6.022 x 10^23)Thus, Δoct = 331 kJ/mol (approx.)Therefore, the ligand field splitting energy in the complex in units of kilojoules per mole is 331 kJ/mol.
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1. Explain what will happen to the percent yield of alum if: a. Not all the alum precipitates? The percent yield of alum will be: Explain the correct answer. b. The crystals are not fully dry when weighed? The percent yield of alum will be: Explain the correct answer. c. Too much sulfuric acid is added? The percent yield of alum will be: Explain the correct answer.
1.
If not all the alum precipitates, the percent yield of alum will be lower than expected. This is because the actual amount of alum obtained will be less than the theoretical amount, resulting in a lower percent yield.
b.
If the crystals are not fully dry when weighed, the percent yield of alum will be higher than expected.
This is because the extra mass from the water will make it seem like more alum was obtained, causing an artificially high percent yield.
c.
If too much sulfuric acid is added, the percent yield of alum may be lower than expected.
This is because excess sulfuric acid can cause side reactions or prevent complete precipitation of alum, leading to a lower actual amount of alum obtained.
An alum is a kind of chemical molecule that is typically a hydrated double sulfate salt of aluminium. Its common formula is XAl(SO4)212 H2O, where X is a monovalent cation such as potassium or ammonium.
Alums are used in a variety of industrial applications.
The word "alum" on its own is often used to refer to potassium alum, which has the chemical formula KAl(SO4)212 H2O. Some alums, including sodium alum and ammonium alum, are called after the monovalent ion.
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What happens to the ability of a solid to dissolve when temperature decreases?
answer choices
There is no change in the solubility of the solid.
The solubility of most solids will increase.
The only factor that affects the solubility of a solid is polarity.
The solubility of most solids will decrease.
The ability of a solid to dissolve when temperature decreases is that : The solubility of most solids will decrease.
What happens to the ability of solid to dissolve when temperature decreases?Solubility of most solids will decrease as temperature decreases. This is because solubility of a solid increases with increasing temperature, as higher temperatures provide more energy for solvent molecules to break apart solute particles and form solution.
Decreasing temperature reduces the energy available for solute-solvent interactions, which leads to decrease in solubility. There are some exceptions to this general trend, however and solubility of some solids may remain relatively constant or even increase slightly as temperature decreases, depending on factors such as nature of the solute and solvent, and specific conditions of the solution.
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explain in your own words how enzyme feedback inhibition benefits a cell.
Enzyme feedback inhibition is a process that regulates enzyme movement in cells. It works by impeding the development of products by changing the configuration of enzymes.
This will keep the cells from becoming harmful. Feedback inhibition is significant in enzyme and hereditary regulation because it prevents cells from wasting energy and substrates on chemical reactions that are not necessary at the time. For instance, a cell does not have to separate glucose on the off chance that there is sufficient energy accessible for the cell to use.
Enzyme regulation is a process that controls the movement of enzymes in cells. There are three types of enzyme regulation: allosteric regulation, hereditary and covalent modification, and enzyme inhibition.
Allosteric regulation is a natural illustration of control loops, such as feedback from downstream products or feedforward from upstream substrates. Long-range allostery is especially significant in cell signaling. Examples of allosteric enzymes incorporate Aspartate Transcarbamoylase, Glucokinase, and Acetyl-CoA Carboxylase.
The hereditary and covalent modification involves changes to the enzyme's structure that influence its movement. For instance, phosphorylation can activate or deactivate an enzyme.
Enzyme inhibition is a process that reduces or stops enzyme movement. There are two types of enzyme inhibition: cutthroat inhibition and non-serious inhibition.
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lewis electron dot symbol of Ag⁴⁷
Answer:
Ag one dot
Explanation:
i hope it helps you
Nitrogen gas at 298 K and
75.5 kPa increases in pressure
to 175 kPa.
What is the temperature of the
gas at 175 kPa?
[?] K
Gay-Lussac's Law-
[tex] \:\:\:\:\:\:\star\longrightarrow \underline{\sf \boxed{\sf \dfrac{P_1}{T_1}=\dfrac{P_2}{T_2}}}[/tex]
[tex] \:\:\:\:\:\:\star\longrightarrow \sf \underline{T_2=\dfrac{T_1 \:P_2}{P_1}}[/tex]
Where-
P₁ is the initial pressure.T₁ is the initial temperatureP₂ is the final pressure.T₂ is the final temperatureAs per question, we are given -
P₁ = 75.5 KPaT₁ =298 KP₂= 175KPaNow that we are given all the required values, so we can put them into the formula and solve for T₂:-
[tex] \:\:\:\:\:\:\:\:\:\:\:\:\:\:\:\:\star\longrightarrow \sf \underline{T_2=\dfrac{T_1 \:P_2}{P_1}}[/tex]
[tex]\:\:\:\:\:\:\:\:\:\: \:\:\:\:\:\:\longrightarrow \sf T_2=\dfrac{298 \times 175}{75.5}[/tex]
[tex]\:\:\:\:\: \:\:\:\:\:\:\:\:\:\:\:\longrightarrow \sf T_2=\dfrac{52150}{75.5}[/tex]
[tex]\:\:\:\:\:\:\:\:\:\: \:\:\:\:\:\:\longrightarrow \sf T_2=690.728476......[/tex]
[tex] \:\:\:\:\:\:\:\:\:\:\:\:\:\:\:\:\longrightarrow \sf T_2=690.73 \:K[/tex]
[tex]\:\:\:\:\:\:\:\:\:\: \:\:\:\:\:\:\longrightarrow \sf T_2=(690.73-273)°C [/tex]
[tex] \:\:\:\:\:\:\:\:\:\:\:\:\:\:\:\:\longrightarrow \sf \underline{T_2=417.73\:°C} [/tex]
Therefore, the temperature of the gas at 175 kPa will become 690.73 K or, 417.73°C.
a) Collision Zone
b) Subduction Zone
c) Transform Boundary
d) Divergent Boundary
The development of a subduction zone is seen in this graphic. One form of tectonic plate boundary is called a subduction zone, where two plates collide and one plate is pushed into the mantle beneath the other.
Collision zone: What is it?A tectonic plate boundary where two continental plates meet is known as a collision zone. The plates buckle and push upward as a result of the impact, creating mountain ranges.
Transform boundary: what is it?An example of a transform boundary is when two plates glide past one another in opposing directions. Earthquakes may result from this.
Divergent boundary: what is it?A tectonic plate boundary known as a diverging boundary occurs when two plates move apart. As a result, the seabed may spread.
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Please help asapppppp pleaseeeeeeeeeee
The overall balanced nuclear equation for the process is:
234[tex]Th_{90}[/tex] → 230[tex]Th^{90}[/tex] + 2α + 2β-1 + 2νe
What is nuclear equation?
The overall nuclear reaction for the decay of thorium-234 to thorium-230 via protactinium-234 and uranium-232 can be written as follows:
234[tex]Th_{90}[/tex] → 234[tex]Pa_{91}[/tex] + 0β-1 + νe
234[tex]Pa_{91}[/tex] → 232[tex]U_{92}[/tex] + 2β-1 + 2νe
232[tex]U_{92}[/tex] → 230[tex]Th_{90}[/tex] + 2α
Combining these three equations, we can write the overall balanced nuclear equation for the process:
234Th90 → 230Th90 + 2α + 2β-1 + 2νe
This equation represents the complete decay of thorium-234 to thorium-230 via the intermediate steps of protactinium-234 and uranium-232. It shows that the decay process involves the emission of a beta particle and two alpha particles.
Note that the conservation of mass and atomic numbers are satisfied in this overall reaction, since the mass number and atomic number are the same on both sides of the equation.
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A still object _____ have forces acting upon it.
A can’t
B does
C will sometimes
D doesn’t
Answer: does
Explanation: there is a force acting to make it in equillibrum
Which solution will have the greatest boiling point? Remember ionic > covalent AND more ions > less ions
a) 0.5 M C₁₁H₂₂O₁₁
b) 1 M NaCl
c) 0.5 M NaCl
d) 1 M C₁₁H₂₂O₁₁
b) 1 M NaCl will have the highest boiling point because it has the highest number of solute particles present.
When comparing the boiling points of various solutions, the number of solute particles present in the solution is the most important consideration. Ionic substances tend to have higher boiling points than covalent substances since they contain strong electrostatic forces between the ions.
To determine which of the given solutions has the highest boiling point, we must first consider the number of solute particles present in each of the given solutions.
a) 0.5 M C₁₁H₂₂O₁₁C₁₁H₂₂O₁₁ is a covalent substance that does not ionize in water. Thus, only one molecule of C₁₁H₂₂O₁₁ is present in the solution. As a result, it has the lowest boiling point
.b) 1 M NaClNaCl is an ionic compound, which breaks down into two ions in water: Na+ and Cl-. There are twice as many solute particles in the solution as there are in the 0.5 M C₁₁H₂₂O₁₁ solution. As a result, NaCl has a higher boiling point than 0.5 M C₁₁H₂₂O₁₁.
c) 0.5 M NaCl0.5 M NaCl contains the same number of solute particles as 1 M NaCl. As a result, both solutions have the same boiling point.
d) 1 M C₁₁H₂₂O₁₁C₁₁H₂₂O₁₁ is a covalent substance that does not ionize in water. Thus, only one molecule of C₁₁H₂₂O₁₁ is present in the solution.
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12.
11.
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Ethanol, C₂H5OH, is the alcohol that is present in alcoholic drinks.
Ethanol is soluble in water. Complete the diagram below to show why ethanol is soluble in
water. You should include relevant lone pairs and dipoles and label the bond responsible
for this solubility.
[3]
H₂C₂
H
Petroleum, which is a mixture of hydrocarbons, is an important source of chemicals. These
chemicals can be obtained by fractional distillation and further processing such as cracking and
isomerisation.
(a) During fractional distillation, explain why hydrocarbons containing few carbon atoms distil
at lower temperatures than hydrocarbons with many carbon atoms.
[3]
QWC[1]
Modern artificial fertilisers contain many ions that are used by plants to help their growth. These
include potassium ions, ammonium ions, nitrate ions and phosphate ions.
(a) Ammonium ions are tetrahedral. The formula of an ammonium ion is NH..
(i) Draw a dot-and-cross diagram to show the bonding in an ammonium ion.
[1]
E
Answer:
During fractional distillation, hydrocarbons with fewer carbon atoms have weaker intermolecular forces of attraction between molecules due to their smaller size and fewer electrons. This results in a lower boiling point and they vaporize more easily at lower temperatures. In contrast, hydrocarbons with more carbon atoms have stronger intermolecular forces of attraction due to their larger size and more electrons. As a result, they require higher temperatures to vaporize and separate from other hydrocarbons in the mixture during fractional distillation.
I'm sorry, but it seems like there might be a typo in your question. You have written "NH.." as the formula for an ammonium ion, which is incomplete. The correct formula is NH4+. However, I can provide you with the dot-and-cross diagram for NH4+.
The dot-and-cross diagram for NH4+ is as follows:
H
|
H — N — H
|
H+
In this diagram, each hydrogen atom shares a single electron with the nitrogen atom, forming a covalent bond. The nitrogen atom also has a lone pair of electrons. The ammonium ion is positively charged because it has lost one electron, which is represented by the + sign.
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Fill in the blanks: The forces that connect two hydrogen atoms to an oxygen atom in a water molecule are _____(intermolecular/ intramolecular), but the forces that hold water molecules close together in an ice cube are _____(intermolecular/intramolecular).
The forces that connect two hydrogen atoms to an oxygen atom in a water molecule are intramolecular, but the forces that hold water molecules close together in an ice cube are intermolecular.
Intramolecular forces are those that bind atoms to other atoms within the same molecule. These are typically very strong forces such as covalent bonds and hydrogen bonds. In the case of a water molecule, the two hydrogen atoms and the oxygen atom are held together by covalent bonds and hydrogen bonds, respectively.
On the other hand, intermolecular forces are those that bind different molecules together. In the case of water molecules in an ice cube, the hydrogen bonds between molecules create a weak attraction between them, allowing them to remain close together in an ordered structure.
This creates a lattice of water molecules, which is what makes ice so solid. Thus, while the intramolecular forces of the water molecules hold them together, it is the intermolecular forces that give the structure of the ice cube its stability.
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explain how the presence of cacl2 affects the molar solubility of ca(oh)2. use data from your experiment to justify your answer.
The presence of CaCl2 affects the molar solubility of Ca(OH)2 by decreasing it.
When CaCl2 is added to a solution containing Ca(OH)2, it ionizes to produce Ca2+ ions and Cl- ions. This addition of Ca2+ ions to the solution containing Ca(OH)2 creates a common ion effect, which decreases the solubility of Ca(OH)2 by shifting the equilibrium to the left. Experimentally, this effect can be observed by adding different concentrations of CaCl2 to a solution containing Ca(OH)2 and measuring the resulting molar solubility of Ca(OH)2. As the concentration of CaCl2 is increased, the molar solubility of Ca(OH)2 decreases.
The presence of CaCl2 in a solution containing Ca(OH)2 has an effect on the molar solubility of Ca(OH)2 by decreasing it. This is due to the common ion effect, where the addition of Ca2+ ions to the solution containing Ca(OH)2 decreases its solubility by shifting the equilibrium to the left. Experimentally, this can be observed by adding different concentrations of CaCl2 to a solution of Ca(OH)2 and measuring the molar solubility of Ca(OH)2. As the concentration of CaCl2 increases, the molar solubility of Ca(OH)2 decreases.
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