Answer:
d. Analogous structures is not a good method in examining fossils anatomical features of living organisms.
Explanation:
Analogous structures are physical characteristics that are similar in different organisms due to convergent evolution, rather than being inherited from a common ancestor. While analogous structures can provide valuable information about the environment and adaptations of living organisms, they are not helpful in examining the fossils of ancient organisms because they do not reflect the evolutionary relationships between different species. Homologous structures, vestigial structures, and index fossils are all useful methods in examining fossil anatomy, as they can provide insights into the evolutionary relationships and characteristics of ancient organisms.
You identify an auxotroph that doesn't grow in normal medium, but does grow in medium supplemented with Q, indicating that it has a defect in one or more enzymes in this pathway. This auxotroph is also able to grow if you supplement the medium with Y. Based on this, which enzymes can you say with certainty is/are disrupted by the mutation
Answer: Enzymes in both Q and Y pathway are disrupted because you have to supplement the medium with those components for the organism to grow.
Explanation:
A microorganism is auxotrophic when it is only able to proliferate in a culture medium if some specific substance has been added to it, which the wild type (prototroph) does not require, because it can synthezise it. The underlying genetics of auxotrophy is the lack of a functional metabolic pathway that generates the substance on which the auxotroph depends. This lack is usually due to a mutation that generates a null allele lacking biological capacity. So, due to a deficiency in an enzyme required for the synthesis of a certain component, the organism requires that component in the culture medium in order to grow.
A metabolic pathway is a set of consecutive chemical reactions catalyzed by enzymes synthesized by the cell, in which the product of one is the substrate of another. In living organisms there are multiple metabolic pathways, responsible for synthesizing and metabolizing compounds (cellular components, regulatory molecules, compounds that serve to store energy), or degrading them to obtain energy. Thus, enzymes catalyze chemical reactions, this means they accelerate the rate of reaction.
A normal medium is one that possesses all the nutrients and compounds necessary for the proper functioning of a normal organism (prototroph). However, if the organism lacks, for example, an enzyme, it will not grow in a normal medium because it does not have the enzyme to make the components. If the organism does not grow in the normal environment, then it has some mutation that causes some enzyme not to be produced. Remember that enzymes are proteins, and all proteins are encoded by DNA, so if there is a mutation in the DNA, in the gene that encodes the enzyme, the enzyme will not be synthesized or will be synthesized but in such a way that it cannot function properly.
If the organisms only grow in medium supplemented with Q and in medium supplemented with Y, then this indicates that it has a defect in one or more enzymes in Q and Y pathway, because the organism cannot produce certain components and they need to be added in the environment. The problem does not provide enough information to know if for each pathway only one enzyme is affected or several, but it is enough to say that enzymes in both Q and Y pathway are disrupted because you have to supplement the medium with those components for the organism to grow.
PLZ HELP!!! BRAINLYEST WILL BE GIVEN TO BEST ANSWER!!!! IF YOU PUT A LINK I WILL REPORT YOU!!!!! DONT TRY ME!!!!!! YALL BEEN WASTING MY POINTS LATELY I HATE IT SO NO SNEAKY LINK OR NON ANSWER OR U WILL BE REPORTED.
Answer: 1. The corona is in the outer layer of the Sun's atmosphere—far from its surface. Yet the corona is hundreds of times hotter than the Sun's surface. ... In the corona, the heat bombs explode and release their energy as heat. But astronomers think that this is only one of many ways in which the corona is heated. Our Sun is surrounded by a jacket of gases called an atmosphere. The corona is the outermost part of the Sun's atmosphere. The corona is usually hidden by the bright light of the Sun's surface. ... During a total solar eclipse, the moon passes between Earth and the Sun. 2. The chromosphere is above the photosphere, the visible "surface" of the Sun. It lies below the solar corona, the Sun's upper atmosphere, which extends many thousands of kilometers above the chromosphere into space. The plasma (electrically charged gas) in the chromosphere has a very low density. Chromosphere is a reddish and glowing layer of gas above a star's (or Sun's) photosphere. It is actually the transition between corona and the photosphere. Out of the three layers of the Sun's atmosphere, chromosphere is the second one (with photosphere being the first layer and corona as the third) 3. The photosphere is the deepest layer of the Sun that we can observe directly. It reaches from the surface visible at the center of the solar disk to about 250 miles (400 km) above that. 4. The convection zone is the outer-most layer of the solar interior. It extends from a depth of about 200,000 km right up to the visible surface. At the base of the convection zone the temperature is about 2,000,000° C. Convection zone: This layer of the sun is above the radiative zone and is the outermost layer of the Sun's interior. It stretches from as deep as around 200,000 kilometers right up to the visible surface. ... Energy moves towards the Sun's surface through convection currents of heated and cooled gas. 5. The Sun's radiative zone is the section of the solar interior between the innermost core and the outer convective zone. In the radiative zone, energy generated by nuclear fusion in the core moves outward as electromagnetic radiation. In other words, the energy is conveyed by photons. This is the zone immediately next to the core, which extends out to about 0.7 solar radii. There is no thermal convection in this layer, but solar material in this layer is hot and dense enough that thermal radiation is all that is needed to transfer the intense heat generated in the core outward. 6. The Sun's central core is plasma with a temperature of around 27 million C . At such high temperatures hydrogen combines to form helium by nuclear fusion, a process that releases vast amounts of energy. This energy moves outward, towards the outer layers of the Sun. The core is the Sun's middle region where energy is generated by thermonuclear reactions, which create extreme temperatures of about 15 million degrees Celsius. These nuclear reactions use hydrogen to produce helium. brainliest?
Explanation:
Which statement about the factors that affect the affinity of hemoglobin for oxygen are FALSE? Group of answer choices Decreased O2 partial pressure diminishes affinity and this favors oxygen unloading and delivery to the tissues. CO2 increases the affinity of oxygen for hemoglobin so that hemoglobin binds oxygen more strongly. Decreased blood temperature increases hemoglobin affinity for oxygen. The affinity of hemoglobin for oxygen is higher than for carbon dioxide which results in oxygen being able to displace carbon dioxide from hemoglobin as the blood travels through the pulmonary capillaries. With decreasing pH, affinity decreases so that more oxygen is released from hemoglobin.
Answer:
CO2 increases the affinity of oxygen for hemoglobin so that hemoglobin binds oxygen more strongly
Explanation:
Hemoglobin (Hb) is a protein found in red blood cells that functions to transport oxygen (O2) to the tissues. This protein has four subunits and each subunit binds to a heme group. Each heme group in Hb contains an iron atom that binds to one O2 molecule. The affinity of hemoglobin for O2 is a critical mechanism that is dependent on the ability of Hb to carry O2 molecules. Hb is fully saturated with O2 when all of its four O2-binding sites are occupied. Moreoever, the O2-hemoglobin dissociation curve is a plot of saturation of Hb regarding the partial pressure of O2 (PO2). A rightward shift in the curve indicates that Hb has a decreased affinity for O2, while a leftward shift in the curve indicates that Hb has an increased affinity for O2. As CO2 concentration increases, hemoglobin's affinity for O2 decreases, thereby Hb binds to O2 less tightly at heme group sites and therefore the dissociation curve shifts to the right.
describe the two types of factors that limit population growth.
Answer:
high death rate is the major factor that limits population growth, and also the practice of family planning also limit population growth in a contry
Which of these describes an example of a keystone species that scientists should make efforts to protect?
A. More than 1,000 newly hatched wood frog eggs in a forest ecosystem.
B. A gopher tortoise that provides a home to more than 300 different species of animals in its burrow.
C. A nonnative population of lionfish living on a coral reef in Florida that have no natural predators.
D. A population of mistletoe plants that are parasitic because they depend on other trees and plants in the ecosystem in order to get what they need to survive.
Answer:
Explanation:
.
In a solution of seawater, salt is which of these?
A. solute
B. compound
C. solvent
D. mixture
is this statement true or false? plants cell have chloroplast, but not mitochondria?
Answer:
It is false. Plant cells have chloroplast and mitochondria.
Answer:
yeah hes right the plant wouldnt be living without mitochondria
Explanation:
In addition to movement, arthropod appendages can be used
for
a feeding
b defense
c sensory reception
d all of the above
In addition to movement, arthropod appendages can be used for 'all of the above'.
What do you mean by arthropod appendages?
Arthropod appendages refer to the jointed legs, antennae, mouthparts, and other body parts of arthropods, such as insects, crustaceans, arachnids, and centipedes. These appendages are adapted for a variety of functions, such as locomotion, sensing the environment, and manipulating food and objects.
Arthropod appendages can be used for a variety of functions, including movement, feeding, defense, and sensory reception. They are equipped with various organs, such as antennae and mouthparts, that allow them to perform a variety of tasks.
Hence, option D is correct.
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Two of the main drivers of genetic variation are mutations and genetic recombination. During which process can these two
events occur? (1 point)
O meiosis
O fertilization
O binary fission
O mitosis
Genetic mutations and genetic recombination occur during the process of meiosis
What is genetic variation?Genetic variation refers to the changes that occurs in the genes of organism resulting in variation in physical traits between organisms.
Genetic variation occurs mainly due to;
mutations andgenetic recombination.Genetic mutations and genetic recombination occur during the process of meiosis.
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Answer:
Meiosis
Explanation:
I did the Quick Check
HELP ASAP
Darwin carefully observed the finches of the Galapagos island. What he noticed was
that they were similar to the mainland finches, but each island finch has different
colored feathers.
numbers of offspring.
shaped and sized beaks.
colored eyes.
Answer:pls what is the question cause im not sure what it is asking
Explanation:
Damage to which of the
following structures
would cause you to lose
vision from your left
visual field?
Drag each tile to the correct location.
Match each characteristic to the type of protist it describes.
Answer:
shows absuce of cell wall though chloroplasts may be present -plant like
slime mold belongs to this cateroy-fungus like
feeds on decaying matter-fungus like
presence of flagella-fungus like
Explanation:
Explain briefly how these features contribute to the efficiency of photosynthesis?
Answer:
here's your answer
Explanation:
the estimated maximum energy efficiency of photosynthesis is the energy stored per mole of oxygen evolved, 117/450, or 26 percent.
Consequently, plants can at best absorb only about 34 percent of the incident sunlight. The actual percentage of solar energy stored by plants is much less than the maximum energy efficiency of photosynthesis. An agricultural crop in which the biomass (total dry weight) stores as much as 1 percent of total solar energy received on an annual areawide basis is exceptional, although a few cases of higher yields (perhaps as much as 3.5 percent in sugarcane) have been reported. There are several reasons for this difference between the predicted maximum efficiency of photosynthesis and the actual energy stored in biomass. First, more than half of the incident sunlight is composed of wavelengths too long to be absorbed, and some of the remainder is reflected or lost to the leaves
Which of the following most directly explains the changes in the cells?
A
The degradation of DNA in the nuclei of the cells
B
The lysis of chloroplasts in the cells
C
The movement of water from the central vacuoles of the cells into
the solution
D
The movement of NaCl from the solution into the cytoplasm of
the cells
C. The movement of water from the central vacuoles of cells into the solution
The most direct explanation for changes in cells is the flow of water from the core vacuoles of the cells into the solution. Water enters and exits cells via osmosis. Thus, option C is correct.
What are the major changes in cells?Aging causes alterations in all cells. They enlarge and lose their capacity for division and multiplication. In addition to other modifications, the cell's inside now contains more colors and fatty compounds (lipids).
To increase tissue, cells regularly proliferate by themselves. This may occur while an organism is developing or when it sustains an injury and needs to heal itself.
Therefore, the movement of water from the central vacuoles of the cells into the solution most directly explain changes in cells.
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What are two ways that an organism can have a dominant phenotype ?
Which of the following are decomposers of an aquatic ecosystem?
A: sunlight and salt content
B: bacteria and fungi
C: aquatic plants and algae
D: sharks and eels
Aquatic plants and algae are the decomposers of an aquatic ecosystem.
Hope it helps you...
Please mark brainliest if it helps you...
Answered by Benjemin
Bacteria and Fungi are decomposers of an aquatic ecosystem. So, the correct option is (B).
What are Decomposers?Decomposers are defined as organisms that break down dead or decaying organisms that undergo decomposition, a process possible only by certain kingdoms such as fungi.
Many decomposers are microscopic organisms, including protozoa and bacteria, while other decomposers are large enough to be seen without a microscope, including invertebrates as well as fungi, sometimes called detritivores, which include earthworms, Includes termites and millipedes.
In an aquatic ecosystem, producers are small plants like pistia which are consumed by primary consumers like aquatic insects, snails etc. where as primary consumers are consumed by secondary consumers like small fishes, frogs. The heron is a tertiary consumer that eats small fish and frogs. Bacteria and fungi are the decomposers in this ecosystem.
Thus, Bacteria and Fungi are decomposers of an aquatic ecosystem. So, the correct option is (B).
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Why will individuals have brown eyes rather than a blue eyes?
Answer:
because of the parent's genes
Explanation:
Pls help me it’s due today at 11:59
The component of a vaccine that makes it effective is the antigen.
What is a Vaccine?
A vaccine is basically a biological preparation that provides active acquired immunity to a particular disease. It contains an agent that resembles a disease-causing microorganism and is often made from weakened or killed forms of the microbe, its toxins or one of its surface proteins. Vaccines are designed to stimulate the body's own immune system to protect the person against subsequent infection or disease.
11) An antigen is a substance that causes the body to produce antibodies when it enters the body. These antibodies help the body recognize and fight the antigen if it enters the body again.
12) A vaccination is a way of introducing a weakened or killed version of a particular virus, bacteria, or toxin into the body. This weak or dead version of the virus, bacteria, or toxin stimulates the body's natural defense system to produce antibodies that are specific to that virus, bacteria, or toxin. These antibodies can then recognize and fight off the real virus, bacteria, or toxin if the body is ever exposed to it, thus preventing the individual from getting the disease. This is known as active immunity. The immunity created by the vaccination is typically long-lasting, and in many cases, lifelong.
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Which bases are found in In 1953, who developed the model that is shown below?a strand of DNA?
The person that developed the model are James Watson and Francis Crick. The bases are found in In 1953 are: adenine, cytosine, guanine, and thymine.
What is the DNA bases?In 1953, James Watson and Francis Crick developed the model of the structure of DNA, which is shown in the image below. The model, known as the double helix, consists of two strands of DNA that are coiled around each other.
Hence, DNA is made up of four bases: adenine (A), cytosine (C), guanine (G), and thymine (T). These bases pair up with each other in specific ways: A pairs with T, and C pairs with G. The sequence of these bases on a DNA strand carries genetic information, and the specific order of the bases determines the genetic code for an organism.
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Explain how DNA AND RNA WORK
Answer:
Explanation:
DNA are molecules that store genetic information in all organisms.
RNA are molecules that will form proteins based on the instructions coming from DNA.
________________ ______________ is a learned trait and is not genetically passed down to offspring.
Answer:
Semi-permanent.
Sorry if im wrong
6 Question
Question 1) Which biome is characterized by relatively high precipitation, high temperatures, high biodiversity, and low latitudes?
1) Tundra
2) Temperate Deciduous Forest
3) Chaparral
4) Tropical Rainforest
Question 2) A square mile of tropical rainforest contains 36 mammal species. A square mile of tundra contains 4 mammal species.
What characteristic of ecosystems is being described above?
1) succession
2) abiotic factors
3) producers
4) biodiversity
Question 3) Which of the following is most likely to decrease biodiversity?
1) Clearing a forest to raise livestock for a nearby town
2) Adding native plants to a suburban garden
3) Protecting more land from future housing developments
4) Reintroducing natural predators to an area
Question 4) In the Kelp forest ecosystem, sea urchins eat kelp, and sea otters eat sea urchins.
What is the role of sea urchins in this ecosystem?
1) producers
2) secondary consumers
3) primary producers
4) primary consumers
Question 5) What is the correct order of energy flow in an ecosystem?
1) sun → rabbit → grass
2) fox → rabbit → grass
3) sun → grass → rabbit
4) sun → fox → rabbit
Question 6) A savannah ecosystem includes grasses, zebras, and lions, and elephants.
Which of the following has the greatest overall biomass in this ecosystem?
1) grasses
2) zebras
3) elephants
4) lions
Question 1) :4) Tropical Rainforest
Question 3):1) Clearing a forest to raise livestock for a nearby town
Question 4) : 3)primary consumers
Question 5): 3) sun → grass → rabbit
Question 6) : 1) grasses
Help me please I am so such on this question ahhhh omggggg !!!!!!HELPPppp
Answer:
a.
Explanation:
PLEASE HELP
Interpret Would a hurricane be more likely
to remain a hurricane if it reached point A or
point B? Explain your answer.
Answer:
B
Explanation: Because a hurricane is formed from warm ocean water. If the hurricane goes to point b it will still be on the ocean and most likely remain a hurricane.
Answer:
Point B
Explanation:
Hurricanes last longer in water because they are fueled by warm evaporation by ocean water and It weakens on land.
Which of the following is a major benefit of commercial agriculture?
Answer:
Advantages of Commercial Farming
Explanation:
Advantages of Commercial Farming
Encouraging Improvement in Local Infrastructure. ...
Job Creation. ...
Lowering the Price of Products. ...
Increased Production and Enhancing Food Security. ...
Provision of Raw Materials for Agribusiness Manufacturing Companies. ...
Lowering the Cost of Production. ...
Foreign Exchange earner.
The diagram shows an energy pyramid.
If the flowers contain 50,000 kcal of energy, about how
much energy will the lizard obtain from eating the
butterfly?
Quaternary Consumer
500 kcal
O 5,000 kcal
50,000 kcal
500,000 kcal
Tertiary Consumer
Secondary Consumer
Primary Consumer
Producer
Answer:
Its A for Edgeunity
Explanation:
Every consumer it passes through loses a 0, so
Flower: 50,000
Butterfly: 5,000
Lizard: 500
Answer:
Either d or c, listen I think it might be c actually
Explanation:yes
how does PAMPs activate infectious Inflammation
Answer:
Activation of infectious inflammation:
PAMPs are derived from microorganisms and thus drive inflammation in response to infections. After identifying microorganisms infections PAMPs by PRRs, activate cytoplasmic complexes called inflammasomes.
After activation of inflammasomes, these inflammasomes activate the protease caspase-1, which then cleaves or breaks various pro-inflammatory cytokines, resulting in maturation and cellular release that cause inflammatory reactions.
⚠️Pangea was the last supercontinent on the Earth. However, by the late Triassic period it had begun to separate. By the Jurassic, Pangea had split into the northern continent of Laurasia, and the southern continent of Gondwana, separated by a narrow ocean called the Tethys Sea. Which statement below best describes what likely happened here?
8. La metáfora "sin ti no podria vivir", a qué orgánulo
celular se refiere. Justifica to respuesta.
Esta cita se refiere a las mitocondrias. Las mitocondrias juegan un papel muy importante en la vida de las células, esto se debe a que sin las mitocondrias, la célula no podría sobrevivir.
What is the function of the skin in protecting the body from disease?
Answer:
A.killing the infection