The high molecular weight polymer is expected to have a higher yield strength than the low molecular weight polymer. The reason for this is that the yield strength of a polymer is directly related to its molecular weight.
A polymer is a material made up of many molecules bonded together in a repetitive pattern. Polymers can be natural, such as cellulose or proteins, or synthetic, such as polyethylene and polypropylene. Polymers are used in a variety of applications, including packaging, construction, and biomedical engineering.
Yield strength is a measure of a material's ability to resist deformation under stress. It is the point at which a material will no longer return to its original shape after being deformed. In general, a higher yield strength indicates a stronger material.
In conclusion, the high molecular weight polymer is expected to have a higher yield strength than the low molecular weight polymer, assuming the polymer chemistry and all other structural features are identical.
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write a balanced net ionic equation for the neutralization of equimolar amounts of hno2 and koh. indicate whether the ph after neutralization is greater than, equal to, or less than 7. values of ka and kb are listed in appendix c.
The concentration of OH- after neutralization is greater than the concentration of HNO₂, and therefore the pH of the solution is greater than 7.
The balanced net ionic equation for the neutralization of equimolar amounts of HNO₂ and KOH is:
HNO₂ (aq) + OH- (aq) → NO₂⁻ (aq) + H₂O (l)
After the neutralization, the resulting solution contains the NO₂⁻ ion, which is the conjugate base of HNO₂. Since HNO₂ is a weak acid (with a pKa of 3.15, according to appendix c), the NO₂⁻ ion is a weak base. The reaction of NO₂⁻- with water is:
NO₂⁻ (aq) + H₂O (l) ⇌ HNO₂ (aq) + OH⁻- (aq)
The equilibrium constant for this reaction is Kb = [HNO₂][OH-] / [NO₂⁻].
Since NO₂⁻ is a weak base, the concentration of OH- after neutralization is greater than the concentration of HNO₂, and therefore the pH of the solution is greater than 7.
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if the resulting solution has a volume of 1.7 l , what is the minimum mass of caso4(s) needed to achieve equilibrium?
The minimum mass of [tex]CaSO_{4}[/tex](s) needed to achieve equilibrium in a 1.7 L solution is approximately 4.08 grams.
How to determine the minimum mass required to achieve equilibrium?Step 1: Find the solubility of [tex]CaSO_{4}[/tex] in water at the given temperature.
The solubility of [tex]CaSO_{4}[/tex] in water at room temperature is approximately 2.4 grams per liter (g/L).
Step 2: Calculate the amount of [tex]CaSO_{4}[/tex] that will dissolve in 1.7 L of water.
Use the solubility value from Step 1:
Amount of [tex]CaSO_{4}[/tex] = Solubility × Volume
Amount of [tex]CaSO_{4}[/tex] = 2.4 g/L × 1.7 L
Amount of [tex]CaSO_{4}[/tex]4 ≈ 4.08 grams
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Loneliness
Harsh weather
Hard, dry ground
The items on this list helped convince —
what is the mass of 6.02×1022 6.02 × 10 22 atoms of argon?
Answer:
3.6 g
Explanation:
No. of moles = No. of atoms / Avogadro's No.
= 6.02 × 10^22 / 6.02 × 10^23
= 0.1 moles of argon
No. of moles = mass/ molar mass
molar mass of argon = 36 g/mol
Therefore, mass of argon = No. of moles × molar mass
= 0.1 × 36
= 3.6 g of argon
How many signals would be present in the 'HNMR? O=O 6 ,4 ,5, none of the above
The given compound O=O does not have any hydrogen atoms, so it will not produce any signals in an HNMR spectrum. Therefore, the correct answer is "none of the above".
In NMR spectroscopy, signals appear as peaks in a spectrum that correspond to the resonant frequency of the hydrogen atoms in a molecule. The number of signals produced in an HNMR spectrum is determined by the number of unique sets of chemically equivalent hydrogen atoms in a molecule.
Hence, the absence of hydrogen atoms in the O=O compound means that there will be no signals produced in an HNMR spectrum.
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Xenon forms several compounds with oxygen and fluorine. It is the most reactive non-radioactive noble gas because a. Its large radius allows oxygen and fluorine to bond without being crowded. B. It has the highest electronegativity of these noble gases. C. It has the highest electron affinity of these noble gases. D. Its effective nuclear charge is lower than the other noble gases. E. It has the lowest ionization energy of these noble gases
Xenon is the most reactive non-radioactive noble gas because it has the lowest ionization energy among the noble gases.
This means that it requires the least amount of energy to remove an electron from a xenon atom, making it more likely to form chemical bonds with other elements, such as oxygen and fluorine.
Xenon also has a relatively large atomic radius, which allows oxygen and fluorine atoms to bond with it without being too crowded. This is important because the noble gases typically do not form chemical bonds with other elements due to their stable electron configurations and small atomic radii.
Additionally, xenon has a higher electronegativity and electron affinity compared to other noble gases, which also contributes to its reactivity. Electronegativity refers to an atom's ability to attract electrons, while electron affinity refers to an atom's tendency to accept electrons. Both of these properties can make an atom more likely to form chemical bonds with other elements.
Overall, the combination of xenon's low ionization energy, large atomic radius, high electronegativity, and electron affinity make it a relatively reactive noble gas, capable of forming compounds with oxygen and fluorine.
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introduction: the polarity of molecules give rise to the forces that act between them. these intermolecular forces, or imfs, affect many physical properties including boiling point, solubility, viscosity, and surface tension. question: how does polarity affect the forces between molecules? observe: select the show polar molecules inset checkbox. what do you notice?
When the "show polar molecules" inset checkbox is selected, polar molecules are highlighted in a different color from nonpolar molecules. This allows us to observe the effect of polarity on intermolecular forces between molecules.
Polar molecules have a permanent dipole moment due to the electronegativity difference between the atoms in the molecule. This means that there is an uneven distribution of electrons, with one end of the molecule being more negative (due to the presence of a lone pair of electrons or a more electronegative atom) and the other end being more positive.
The presence of these dipoles results in the formation of dipole-dipole interactions, which are stronger than the London dispersion forces that nonpolar molecules experience. The greater the polarity of a molecule, the stronger the dipole-dipole interactions will be.
Therefore, when observing the polar molecules inset, we can see that polar molecules tend to be clustered together, forming stronger intermolecular forces than nonpolar molecules. This clustering can lead to higher boiling points, increased solubility in polar solvents, higher viscosity, and higher surface tension due to the stronger intermolecular forces between molecules.
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What is the purpose of sulfuric acid in a Fischer esterification reaction?
Sulfuric acid is added to Fischer's esterification reaction as an acid catalyst to increase the pace of the reaction while also going about as a drying-out specialist.
The Fischer esterification is an acid-catalyzed harmony reaction. The reaction proceeds slowly and adding sulfuric acid increases the pace of the reaction. Concentrated sulfuric acid is used to give the greatest yield to the item.
Fischer esterification or Fischer-Speier esterification is a special sort of esterification by refluxing a carboxylic acid and a liquor in the presence of an acid catalyst. The reaction was first described by Emil Fischer and Arthur Speier in 1895. Fischer esterification is a natural reaction used to change a carboxylic acid and a liquor over completely to an ester using a strong acid catalyst. It is also known as Fischer-Speier Esterification.
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Write the complete ground-state electron configuration of copper. For multi-digit superscripts or coefficients, use each number in succession.
The correct answer is The ground-state electron configuration of copper (Cu) can be determined by following the Aufbau principle, which states that electrons occupy.
[tex]1s^2 2s^2 2p^6 3s^2 3p^6 4s^1 3d^10[/tex]Copper has an atomic number of 29, meaning it has 29 electrons distributed among its energy levels. The first two electrons occupy the 1s orbital, followed by two in the 2s orbital and six in the 2p orbital. The next two electrons fill the 3s orbital, followed by six in the 3p orbital. The last electron occupies the 4s orbital, which is one of the outermost orbitals and has a lower energy level than the 3d orbital. This is an exception to the Aufbau principle, where the 3d orbital is usually filled before the 4s orbital. The 3d orbital, which can hold up to 10 electrons, is fully occupied in copper's ground state, giving it its unique electronic configuration.
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Calculate the ratio of the velocity of helium atoms to the velocity of chlorine molecules at the same temperature
At the same temperature, the ratio of helium atom to chlorine molecule velocity is roughly 2.98.
The ratio of the velocity of helium atoms to the velocity of chlorine molecules at the same temperature can be calculated using the root-mean-square (rms) velocity formula. The rms velocity is the square root of the average of the squared velocities of the particles in a gas.
The rms velocity of a gas can be calculated using the equation:
[tex]v_r_m_s[/tex] = √((3kT)/(M))
where k is the Boltzmann constant, T is the temperature in Kelvin, and M is the molar mass of the gas.
For helium, the molar mass (M) is 4.003 g/mol, and for chlorine, the molar mass is 35.45 g/mol.
Assuming both gases are at the same temperature, we can cancel out T from the equation. Thus, we have:
([tex]v_r_m_s[/tex])_He/([tex]v_r_m_s[/tex])_Cl = √(M_Cl/M_He)
Substituting the values, we get:
([tex]v_r_m_s[/tex])_He/([tex]v_r_m_s[/tex])_Cl = √(35.45 g/mol / 4.003 g/mol)
= √(8.862)
= 2.98
Therefore, the ratio of the velocity of helium atoms to the velocity of chlorine molecules at the same temperature is approximately 2.98.
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Alyssa repeated the titration of a 5.00 mL antimony trichloride solution with distilled water until a slightly cloudy appearance persisted after thoroughly mixing the solution. Based on her data, she calculated the following concentrations for SbCl3 and HCl. Calculate the equilibrium constant, K, for the hydrolysis of the antimony trichloride.
Concentration of SbCl3 = 0.046 M
Concentration of HCl = 2.1 M
PART B.
Consider the following equilibrium, for which Kc = 448 at 23 ˚C
N2 (g) + O2 (g) + Br2 (g)\rightleftharpoons2 NOBr (g):
What is the value of Kp for this reaction?
The value of Kp for the given reaction is 12.2 atm. We can find it in the following manner.
PART A:
The hydrolysis reaction of antimony trichloride can be written as follows:
SbCl₃ + 3H₂O ⇌ Sb(OH)₃ + 3HCl
The equilibrium constant expression for this reaction can be written as:
K = [Sb(OH)₃][HCl]³ / [SbCl₃][H₂O]₃
The concentration of SbCl₃ is given as 0.046 M, and the concentration of HCl is given as 2.1 M. Assuming the volume of water used for dilution is negligible, the concentration of H2O can be considered to be 55.5 M (at 25 ˚C). The concentration of Sb(OH)₃ can be calculated using the stoichiometry of the reaction:
0.046 M SbCl3 x (1 mol Sb(OH)3 / 1 mol SbCl₃) = 0.046 M Sb(OH)₃
Substituting the given values into the equilibrium constant expression, we get:
K = (0.046 M) x (2.1 M)³ / (1)³x (55.5 M)³
K = 1.7 x 10⁻¹⁰
Therefore, the equilibrium constant, K, for the hydrolysis of antimony trichloride is 1.7 x 10⁻¹⁰.
PART B:
To calculate Kp for the given reaction, we can use the relationship between Kc and Kp, which is:
Kp = Kc(RT)^Δn
where R is the gas constant (0.0821 L atm mol⁻¹ K⁻¹), T is the temperature in Kelvin, and Δn is the difference between the total number of moles of gaseous products and the total number of moles of gaseous reactants.
In this case, Δn = (2 - 1 - 1) = 0, since the total number of moles of gaseous products (2 moles of NOBr) is equal to the total number of moles of gaseous reactants (1 mole of N2, 1 mole of O2, and 1 mole of Br2).
Substituting the given values into the equation for Kp, we get:
Kp = (448)(0.0821 L atm mol^-1 K⁻¹)(296 K)⁰
Kp = 12.2 atm
Therefore, the value of Kp for the given reaction is 12.2 atm.
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A 5.0 l vessel holds 3.0 mol n2, 2.0 mol f2, and 1.0 mol h2 at 273 k. what is the partial pressure of fluorine? a. 453 kpa b. 907 kpa c. 1,361 kpa d. 2,722 kpa
The correct option is a. 453 kPa
To find the partial pressure of fluorine in the given mixture of gases, we need to use the ideal gas law, which relates the pressure (P), volume (V), number of moles (n), and temperature (T) of a gas.
PV = nRT
where R is the gas constant.
First, we need to calculate the total number of moles of gas in the vessel:
[tex]n_t_o_t_a_l[/tex] = [tex]n_N[/tex]₂ + [tex]n_F[/tex]₂ + [tex]n_H[/tex]₂
[tex]n_t_o_t_a_l[/tex] = 3.0 mol + 2.0 mol + 1.0 mol
[tex]n_t_o_t_a_l[/tex] = 6.0 mol
Next, we need to calculate the total pressure of the gas mixture using the ideal gas law:
[tex]P_t_o_t_a_l[/tex]= ([tex]n_t_o_t_a_l[/tex] * R * T) / V
where T = 273 K and V = 5.0 L. The gas constant R has a value of 8.31 J/mol K.
[tex]P_t_o_t_a_l[/tex]= (6.0 mol * 8.31 J/mol K * 273 K) / 5.0 L
[tex]P_t_o_t_a_l[/tex] = 269.9 kPa
Now, we can use Dalton's law of partial pressures, which states that the total pressure of a mixture of gases is equal to the sum of the partial pressures of the individual gases:
[tex]P_t_o_t_a_l[/tex]= [tex]P_N[/tex]₂ + [tex]P_F[/tex]₂ + [tex]P_H[/tex]₂
We are given the number of moles of each gas, so we can calculate the mole fraction of fluorine:
[tex]X_F[/tex]₂ = n_F₂ / n_total
[tex]X_F[/tex]₂ = 2.0 mol / 6.0 mol
[tex]X_F[/tex]₂ = 0.333
The mole fraction of fluorine is 0.333, so we can use it to calculate the partial pressure of fluorine:
[tex]P_F[/tex]₂ = [tex]X_F[/tex]₂* [tex]P_t_o_t_a_l[/tex]
[tex]P_F[/tex]₂ = 0.333 * 269.9 kPa
[tex]P_F[/tex]₂= 90.0 kPa
Therefore, the partial pressure of fluorine in the mixture of gases is 90.0 kPa or 0.90 atm.
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g part d: trans-1,2-dibromocyclopentane - construct a model of trans-1,2-dibromocyclopentane and its mirror image (use the models from part c). 1. how many carbons in this compound are chiral, bonded to four different groups? 2. are the molecules superimposable? 3. does a plane of symmetry exist in the molecule? 4. can this compound exist as a pair of enantiomers?
1) The structure of the compound shows that two carbons are bonded and chiral,
2) they are not superimposable and
3) no plane of symmetry exists between them.
4) Yes, trans-1,2-dibromocyclopentane can exist as a pair of enantiomers.
To construct a model of trans-1,2-dibromo cyclopentane and its mirror image, the structure of the compound is need to be known. Here's the structural formula of trans-1,2-dibromocyclopentane:
Br H
| |
Br H
\ /
C=C
| |
C-C
| |
C-C
| |
C-C
| |
H H
There are two carbons in trans-1,2-dibromocyclopentane that are chiral, bonded to four different groups. They are the two carbons in the cyclopentane ring that are not part of the double bond.
No, the molecules are not superimposable. If we try to align the two molecules, we'll find that the bromine atoms on one molecule will not align with the hydrogen atoms on the other molecule.
No, there is no plane of symmetry in the molecule. If we try to draw a plane that would divide the molecule into two equal halves, we'll find that it is not possible without cutting through at least one of the chiral carbons.
Yes, trans-1,2-dibromocyclopentane can exist as a pair of enantiomers. Since there are two chiral carbons in the molecule, there are four possible stereoisomers. However, since the molecule has a plane of symmetry, two of these stereoisomers are identical to their mirror image, and therefore achiral. The remaining two stereoisomers are enantiomers, meaning they are mirror images of each other and cannot be superimposed.
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When a diprotic acid is titrated with a strong base, and the Ka1 and Ka2 are significantly different, then the pH vs. volume plot of the titration will have
A. one equivalence point.
B. a pH of 7 at the equivalence point.
C. two distinct equivalence points
D. two equivalence points below 7.
E. no equivalence point
When a diprotic acid is titrated with a strong base, and the Ka1 and Ka2 are significantly different, then the pH vs. volume plot of the titration will have: two distinct equivalence points. The answer is C.
There are two distinct steps in the titration curve, the first equivalence point is the point at which the base has reacted with all of the H+ ions from the first acidic hydrogen, while the second equivalence point is the point at which the base has reacted with all of the H+ ions from the second acidic hydrogen.
The pH at the first equivalence point will be less than 7, and the pH at the second equivalence point will be greater than 7, indicating that the solution is acidic for the first equivalence point and basis for the second equivalence point.
The Ka1 and Ka2 values for diprotic acids are typically different because the first hydrogen ion is more strongly bound to the molecule than the second hydrogen ion, resulting in different dissociation constants for each hydrogen ion.
Therefore, the pH vs. volume plot of the titration of a diprotic acid with a strong base will have two distinct equivalence points if Ka1 and Ka2 are significantly different.
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when we titrate a weak base with a strong acid, the ph at the equivalence point will be what?
When we titrate a weak base with a strong acid, the pH at the equivalence point will be less than 7.
Titration is a technique used in analytical chemistry to determine the concentration of an unknown compound or element.
This involves combining a reagent of known concentration with the unknown and using indicators or instrumental analysis to determine the equivalence point. A weak base is a type of compound that has a pH greater than 7 and is capable of accepting protons.
A strong acid, on the other hand, is a type of compound that can readily donate a proton to a base. When you titrate a weak base with a strong acid, the pH at the equivalence point will be less than 7. This is because the reaction produces a salt that is acidic in nature.
The pH at the equivalence point is also dependent on the amount of acid added to the base. The more acid added to the base, the lower the pH at the equivalence point will be. The pH of the solution will also gradually decrease as the acid is added.
However, the pH change will be less dramatic than in the case of titrating a strong base with a strong acid.
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What is the osmotic pressure of a 0.150 M aqueous glycerol (molar mass mass = 92.09 g) solution at 35°C?
Hydrogen peroxide is a compound made from two elements: hydrogen and oxygen. Water is also a compound made from hydrogen and oxygen. What makes these two compounds different?
Pls help!!
Answer:
Explanation:
Hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and water (H2O) are both compounds made up of hydrogen and oxygen, but they have different chemical structures and properties.
Water is a simple compound made up of two hydrogen atoms and one oxygen atom that are covalently bonded together. Water is a polar molecule, which means that it has a partial positive charge on the hydrogen atoms and a partial negative charge on the oxygen atom. This polarity allows water molecules to interact with each other and other polar substances, making it an excellent solvent for many substances.
Hydrogen peroxide, on the other hand, is a compound made up of two hydrogen atoms and two oxygen atoms that are covalently bonded together. The two oxygen atoms are bonded together in a single covalent bond, while the other oxygen atom is bonded to one of the hydrogen atoms. Hydrogen peroxide is a highly reactive and unstable compound that readily decomposes into water and oxygen gas. It is often used as a disinfectant or bleaching agent due to its strong oxidizing properties.
In summary, the main differences between hydrogen peroxide and water are their chemical structures and properties. Water is a simple, stable, and polar molecule, while hydrogen peroxide is a more complex and reactive compound with oxidizing properties.
An ester is mixed with LiNHCH3 in order to perform a SNAc mechanism. What is the LUMO in this reaction?A. N p orbitalB. C-N σ bondC. C-O σ* bondD. C-O π* bond
Correct option is option C, C-O σ* bond.
Let's discuss it further below.
SNAc is an acronym for substitution nucleophilic acyl cyclic mechanism. The SNAc mechanism describes a nucleophilic substitution reaction in which an acyl group is transferred between two molecules, forming a cyclic intermediate.
In this reaction, the LUMO (lowest unoccupied molecular orbital) is the antibonding molecular orbital of the C-O σ bond, represented as C-O σ*.
This is because the LUMO is the orbital that accepts electrons during the nucleophilic attack, and the C-O σ* bond is the antibonding orbital involved in the breaking of the bond between the carbonyl carbon and the oxygen of the ester. Therefore, the correct answer is option C, C-O σ* bond.
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True/false....
The effective nuclear charge acting on an electron is larger than the actual nuclear charge.
Effective nuclear charge is always lesser than the actual nuclear charge because of the inner core electrons shielding outer core electrons. so, the statement given is false.
The effective nuclear charge is said to be the the actual amount of positive charge experienced by an electron in a multi-electron atom. It is defined as the net positive charge pulling these electrons towards the nucleus. The stronger the pull on the outermost electrons that is valence electrons towards the nucleus, the higher the effective nuclear charge.
It is the magnitude of positive charge in an atom from the pull on the valence electrons towards the positively charged nucleus. An increase in atomic number associated with a decrease in atomic radius will result in a higher effective nuclear charge of an electron. It increases with increasing atom number and with decreasing atomic radius as you go across a period.
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a 1.20 gram sample of ammonium phosphate is dissolved in 100. ml of water. the solution is poured into 50.0 ml of a 1.5 m magnesium nitrate solution. what mass (g) of solid product will be produced if the reaction runs to completion?
A 1.20 gram sample of ammonium phosphate is dissolved in 100. ml of water, the solution is poured into 50.0 ml of a 1.5 m magnesium nitrate solution. Therefore the mass (g) of solid product will be produced if the reaction runs to completion is: 6.29g
Ammonium phosphate reacts with magnesium nitrate to form magnesium phosphate and ammonium nitrate. The balanced chemical equation for the reaction is as follows:
(NH₄)₃PO₄(aq) + 3Mg(NO₃)₂(aq) → Mg₃(PO₄)₂(s) + 6NH₄NO₃(aq)
To find the mass of the solid product formed when ammonium phosphate reacts with magnesium nitrate, we must first calculate the moles of ammonium phosphate and magnesium nitrate.
Moles of ammonium phosphate = mass/molar mass = 1.20/149.09 = 0.008 moles
Moles of magnesium nitrate = concentration x volume = 1.5 x 50.0/1000 = 0.075 moles
The stoichiometric ratio of ammonium phosphate to magnesium nitrate is 1:3, so all the ammonium phosphate will react with 0.024 moles of magnesium nitrate to form 0.024 moles of magnesium phosphate. The mass of magnesium phosphate formed can be calculated as follows:
Mass of magnesium phosphate = moles x molar mass = 0.024 x 262.86 = 6.29 g
Therefore, 6.29 g of magnesium phosphate will be produced when 1.20 g of ammonium phosphate is dissolved in 100 mL of water and the solution is poured into 50.0 mL of a 1.5 M magnesium nitrate solution and the reaction runs to completion.
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coitünsup Isolmer
4. Sulfur dioxide (SO₂) is a compound used to preserve grapes. How many moles
are in a 23.8 g sample of sulfur dioxide? The molar mass of SO₂ is 64 g/mol. Use
dimensional analysis, show all work to receive full credit. (4 pts)
a. 0.37 mol SO₂
b. 1.2 mol SO₂
c. 0.5 mol SO₂
d. 44 mol SO₂
Answer:
a. 0.37 mol SO₂
Explanation:
The number of moles in a sample can be calculated by dividing the mass of the sample by its molar mass. In this case, the number of moles of SO₂ in a 23.8 g sample would be:
23.8 g SO₂ × (1 mol SO₂ / 64 g SO₂) = 0.37 mol SO₂
So the correct answer is (a) 0.37 mol SO₂.
How many grams of oxygen are there in a 50L gas cylinder at 21 degrees Celsius and a pressure of 15. 7atm
Answer:
It's 1.0407 Kilograms of oxygen (O2) in that container
Explanation:
according to ideal gas law:
[tex]PV = nRT[/tex]
P: pressure, V: volume, n: moles, R: gas constant = 0.0821, T: temperature in Kelvin
Temperature in Kelvin = Temperature in Celsius + 273
Gas constant (R) is changed by changing pressure units (while using atm, R = 0.0821 atm•L/mol•K )
by substituting with given data:
[tex]15.7 * 50 = n*0.0821*(21+273)[/tex]
[tex]n = \frac{50*15.7}{0.0821 * 294} = 32.522 mol[/tex]
So, O2 mass (Molar mass of O2 = 32 g/mol) = 32.522 * 32 = 1040.709 grams = 1.0407 kilograms
a polystyrene molecule has a molar mass of 18,000 g/mol. calculate the number of monomer units (the degree of polymerization) for this molecule.
This polystyrene molecule is roughly 173 percent polymerized.
What is the polymerization formula?Multiply the molecular weight of the monomer by the polymer's molecular mass. Tetrafluoroethylene, for instance, has a molecular mass of 1,20,000; its degree of polymerization is computed as 1,20,000 / 100 = 1,200. Hence, 1,200 is the degree of polymerization.
A polymer called polystyrene is created by repeating units of styrene monomers. By dividing the molar mass of the styrene monomer by the quantity of monomer units (degree of polymerization) present in the polymer, one may get the molar mass of polystyrene, which is 18,000 g/mol.
Let's call the styrene monomer's molar mass M. Then, we may create the following equation:
18,000 g/mol = M × n
where n is the degree of polymerization (the number of monomer units).
Rearranging the equation, we can solve for n:
n = 18,000 g/mol ÷ M
The periodic chart shows the molar mass of styrene as the total of the atomic masses of its component elements as follows:
M(styrene) = 104.15 g/mol (28.05 g/mol for carbon x 8 + 1.01 g/mol for hydrogen x 8)
When we enter this number into the equation, we obtain:
n = 18,000 g/mol ÷ 104.15 g/mol ≈ 173
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why must some solid remain in contact with a solution of a sparingly soluble salt in order to ensure equilibrium?
write a set of possible quantum numbers (n, l , m l, m s) for an electron in a 7d {x^2-y^2} orbital.
The set of quantum numbers for an electron in a 7d {x²-y²} orbital would be:
n = 7, l = 2, m_l = ±2, m_s = ±1/2
The principal quantum number, n, describes the energy level of the electron, which in this case is 7 since the electron is in the seventh energy level. The angular momentum quantum number, l, describes the shape of the orbital, which for a d orbital can range from 0 to 2. The magnetic quantum number, m_l, describes the orientation of the orbital in space, which for a d orbital can range from -l to +l. Since the orbital in question is {x²-y²}, it has two lobes that lie along the x- and y-axes and two lobes that lie along the z-axis, which corresponds to m_l = ±2. Finally, the spin quantum number, m_s, describes the direction of the electron's spin, which can be either +1/2 or -1/2.
It's worth noting that electrons in the same orbital must have different spin quantum numbers, according to the Pauli exclusion principle. Therefore, the two electrons in the 7d {x²-y²} orbital would have opposite spin quantum numbers, i.e. one would have m_s = +1/2 and the other would have m_s = -1/2.
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PLEASEEE HELP!!!! How many grams of copper are required to replace 10.4 g of gold (III)
nitrate, which is dissolved in water?
3 Cu + 2 Au(NO3)3(aq) → 3 Cu(NO3)2(a) + 2 Au(s)
Answer:
5.3584 g
Explanation:
hexaneandair enterthe combustionchamberof a well-insulatedgasturbine engineat 25oc. whatamount of excessair willberequired if the temperature ofthe productsis to belimited to 825oc?
We need 32.63% less air than the stoichiometric amount to limit the temperature of the products to 825°C.
To solve this problem, we need to use the stoichiometry of the combustion reaction of hexane with air. The balanced equation for the combustion of hexane is:
2 C6H14 + 19 O2 → 12 CO2 + 14 H2O
This equation tells us that for every 2 moles of hexane (C6H14) that react, we need 19 moles of oxygen (O2) to react completely. However, the problem asks for the amount of excess air, which means we need to add more than the stoichiometric amount of oxygen to ensure complete combustion and limit the temperature of the products.
To find the amount of excess air, we can use the air-fuel ratio (AFR), which is the ratio of the mass of air to the mass of fuel (in this case, hexane) required for complete combustion. The AFR for hexane is:
AFR = (mass of air) / (mass of hexane)
Using the molecular weights of hexane and air, we can convert the AFR to a molar ratio:
AFR = (moles of air) / (moles of hexane)
We can then use this molar ratio to calculate the amount of excess air required. Let's start by calculating the AFR:
Mass of hexane = 1 mole x 86.18 g/mol = 86.18 g
Mass of air = 19 moles x 28.96 g/mol = 550.24 g
AFR = 550.24 g / 86.18 g = 6.39
This tells us that we need 6.39 moles of air for every mole of hexane to ensure complete combustion. To limit the temperature of the products to 825°C, we need to add excess air. The amount of excess air can be expressed as a percentage of the theoretical amount of air required:
Excess air = ((actual moles of air) - (stoichiometric moles of air)) / (stoichiometric moles of air) x 100%
We can calculate the actual moles of air required by multiplying the AFR by the moles of hexane:
Actual moles of air = 6.39 x 1 mole = 6.39 moles
To calculate the stoichiometric moles of air required, we use the balanced equation:
2 C6H14 + 19 O2 → 12 CO2 + 14 H2O
For 1 mole of hexane, we need 19/2 moles of oxygen, or 9.5 moles of air:
Stoichiometric moles of air = 9.5 moles
Plugging in the values, we get:
Excess air = ((6.39 moles) - (9.5 moles)) / (9.5 moles) x 100% = -32.63%
This means that we actually need 32.63% less air than the stoichiometric amount to limit the temperature of the products to 825°C. However, this result is negative, which means it doesn't make physical sense. It's likely that there is an error in the problem statement or that some additional information is needed to solve the problem correctly.
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rna ______ is the enzyme that builds the rna chain during transcription.
RNA polymerase is the enzyme responsible for building the RNA chain during transcription, a process in which genetic information from DNA is converted into RNA molecules.
RNA polymerase binds to a specific region of DNA called the promoter and then moves along the DNA strand, unwinding it as it goes. The enzyme then uses one of the DNA strands as a template to synthesize a complementary RNA strand, adding nucleotides one by one to build the chain. The resulting RNA molecule is a copy of the genetic information stored in the DNA, and it can be used to direct the synthesis of proteins or perform other functions within the cell.
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explain why the carboxyl group (-cooh) has to be at the end of a hydrocarbon chain and not in the middle. (hint: consider the bonding in the carboxyl group.)
Bonding structure.
Explanation:
The carboxyl group (-COOH) has to be at the end of a hydrocarbon chain and not in the middle because of its bonding structure. The carboxyl group consists of a carbon atom double-bonded to an oxygen atom (C=O) and a single-bonded to a hydroxyl group (-OH).
When the carboxyl group is at the end of the hydrocarbon chain, it can form stable bonds with the rest of the chain through the carbon atom. In this configuration, the carbon atom is able to form a single bond with the neighboring carbon atom in the hydrocarbon chain, a double bond with the oxygen atom, and a single bond with the hydroxyl group. This satisfies the carbon atom's requirement for four bonds, resulting in a stable structure.
If the carboxyl group were to be located in the middle of the hydrocarbon chain, the carbon atom would need to form two single bonds with neighboring carbon atoms in addition to the double bond with the oxygen atom and the single bond with the hydroxyl group. This would require the carbon atom to form a total of five bonds, which is not possible as carbon can only form four bonds due to having four valence electrons. Therefore, the carboxyl group must be located at the end of the hydrocarbon chain to maintain a stable bonding configuration.
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you need a 60% alcohol solution. on hand, you have a 375 ml of a 40% alcohol mixture. you also have 85% alcohol mixture. how much of the 85% mixture will you need to add to obtain the desired solution?
We need to add 300 mL of the 85% alcohol mixture to the 375 mL of the 40% alcohol mixture to obtain 675 mL of a 60% alcohol solution.
Let x be the volume (in mL) of the 85% alcohol mixture that we need to add.
To obtain a 60% alcohol solution, we need to use the following equation, which states that the amount of pure alcohol in the final mixture is equal to the sum of the amounts of pure alcohol in each of the initial mixtures:
0.40(375) + 0.85x = 0.60(375 + x)
Simplifying and solving for x, we get:
150 + 0.85x = 225 + 0.60x
0.25x = 75
x = 300
Therefore, we need to add 300 mL of the 85% alcohol mixture to the 375 mL of the 40% alcohol mixture to obtain 675 mL of a 60% alcohol solution.
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