1. What is the average annual return if someone invested 100% in bonds?
2. What is the average annual return if someone invested 100% in stocks?
3. Calculate the range of potential annual returns if you invested 10% in bonds and 90% in stocks. How does this compare with the range of potential annual returns if you invested 10% in stocks and 90% in bonds?
4. Your friend tells you he is going to start investing and would like to earn a 10% return. He says stocks make him nervous, so he will only be investing 10% in stocks and the remaining 90% will be invested in bonds. What would you say to him?
5. Use evidence from this graph to explain the value of investing in both stocks and bonds - not just one or the other.
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Answers
According to the graph, the average annual return if someone invested 100% in bonds is 5.0%, and in stocks is 9.2%.
A stock is referred to as a kind of ownership of certain items. When an individual holds stocks or shares in the market they are entitled as stockholder or shareholder and liable for some dividend.
The graph illustrates that if you invest 100% in bonds, the average return is 5.0%, while the worst return is -2.1%. If you invest 100% in stocks, you may expect an average return of 9.2% but a worst-case return of -40.40%.
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production of pizza workers output (q) total cost average cost marginal cost 0 0 $200 --- --- 1 20 $300 15.00 5.00 2 50 $400 8.00 3.33 3 90 $500 5.56 4 120 $600 5.00 3.33 5 140 $700 5.00 5.00 6 150 $800 5.33 10.00 7 155 $900 5.81 20.00 where are costs minimized? group of answer choices 5 workers 3 workers 6 workers 4 workers
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The point where costs are minimized is at 4 workers, as this is where the average cost is minimized, and the marginal cost is still relatively low. Option D is correct.
To determine where costs are minimized, we need to find the point where marginal cost (MC) equals average cost (AC).
Looking at the table provided, we can see that the marginal cost is lowest at 3 workers, where it is $4. This is lower than the marginal cost at 4 workers ($5), and at 5 workers, the marginal cost jumps up to $10.
The average cost is lowest at 4 workers, where it is $5 per unit. At 3 workers, the average cost is slightly higher at $5.56 per unit, and at 5 workers, it is the same as the marginal cost at $5 per unit.
Hence, D. is the correct option.
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--The given question is incomplete, the complete question is
"Production of pizza workers output (q) total cost average cost marginal cost 0 0 $200 --- --- 1 20 $300 15.00 5.00 2 50 $400 8.00 3.33 3 90 $500 5.56 4 120 $600 5.00 3.33 5 140 $700 5.00 5.00 6 150 $800 5.33 10.00 7 155 $900 5.81 20.00 where are costs minimized? group of answer choices A) 5 workers B) 3 workers C) 6 workers D) 4 workers."--
av activity where team members individually estimate user stories through the use of numbered cards followed by discussion until consensus is achieved is best described as .an. ideal estimatingb. fibonacci estimatingc. wideband delphi methodd. planning poker
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AV activity where team members individually estimate user stories through the use of numbered cards followed by discussion until consensus is achieved is best described as planning poker. So the option d is correct.
Planning poker is an agile estimation technique used to help teams estimate the effort required to implement a user story. It is commonly used in Scrum teams and is based on the Wideband Delphi technique. In this activity, each team member is given a deck of cards with values such as 1, 2, 5, 10, 20, 50, 100, and ? (for "unknown").
Each team member is then asked to simultaneously estimate the user story by choosing a card from their deck, representing the estimated amount of effort they think the user story will require. After all team members have chosen a card, they discuss their choice and come to a consensus as to the estimated effort required for the user story.
Planning poker helps teams come to a consensus and accurately estimate the effort required for user stories. This helps teams better plan their sprints, allocate resources, and prioritize tasks. So the option d is correct.
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The complete question is:
AV activity where team members individually estimate user stories through the use of numbered cards followed by discussion until consensus is achieved is best described as .
a. ideal estimating
b. Fibonacci estimating
c. wideband Delphi method
d. planning poker
India's Comparative AdvantagePart I: India, with a population of 1.2 billion, has experienced incredible economic growth in the past 15 years and is currently the second fastest growing country in the world (China is first). For the past 15 years, the country has shown an average annual growth rate of 6 percent, and analysts believe the country's annual growth rate may increase over the next 10 years. This growth is important to the country's population, which now exists in stark contrast between affluent cities and impoverished areas—on average, an Indian telephone operator earns less than $1 an hour, a medical transcriptionist about $2 an hour, and an accountant $10 an hour, and around 44 percent of the population live on under $1 a day.Part II: India's road to success has been and will be extremely different from the organized route China has taken to expand its economy. China's all-powerful government is responsible for the country's growth, while India has a large number of entrepreneurs who are determined and willing to do what it takes to make money. Indian companies are growing at remarkable annual rates of 15 to 25 percent. However, Indian consumers are also contributing to this growth. Personal consumption accounts for 67 percent of India's gross domestic product, only 3 percent behind the United States, which has the highest personal consumption rate.
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India's comparative advantage can be attributed to its rapid economic growth, which has been fueled by both entrepreneurship and high consumption rates.
United States, the country with the highest personal consumption rate. Over the past 15 years, India has maintained an average annual growth rate of 6 percent, with the potential for this rate to increase in the next decade. This growth benefits the population, as it helps to bridge the income gap between affluent cities and impoverished areas.
Entrepreneurship plays a significant role in India's growth, with many entrepreneurs determined to make money and contribute to the economy. Indian companies are experiencing remarkable annual growth rates of 15 to 25 percent. In addition to entrepreneurship, India's high consumption rate is a driving factor for its comparative advantage.
Personal consumption accounts for 67 percent of India's gross domestic product (GDP), which is only 3 percent behind the United States, the country with the highest personal consumption rate. This combination of entrepreneurship and consumption rates contributes to India's impressive economic growth and comparative advantage in the global market.
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assuming no beginning work-in-process (bwip) inventory, and that the ending work-in-process (ewip) inventory is 50% complete as to conversion costs, the number of equivalent units as to conversion costs would be
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Assuming no beginning work-in-process inventory and 50% completion for ending work-in-process inventory, the number of equivalent units as to conversion costs can be calculated by accounting for both completed and partially completed units and adding them together.
To determine the number of equivalent units as to conversion costs, we first need to understand what conversion costs are. Conversion costs refer to the costs incurred during the production process, such as labor and overhead costs.
Assuming no beginning work-in-process inventory, it means that we are starting the production process from scratch.
Therefore, we need to take into account the units started and completed during the period.
Since the ending work-in-process inventory is 50% complete as to conversion costs, we need to account for the partially completed units as well.
This means that we need to calculate the equivalent units of production for both completed and partially completed units.
To calculate the equivalent units, we need to multiply the number of units by the percentage of completion for each process. For example, if we have 1,000 units in the production process and 900 units are completed, we would have 900 equivalent units as to conversion costs for the completed units.
If the remaining 100 units are 50% complete, we would have 50 equivalent units as to conversion costs for the partially completed units.
Once we have calculated the equivalent units for each process, we can add them together to get the total equivalent units as to conversion costs. This will give us a better understanding of the actual production costs incurred during the period.
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Which of the following is not true concerning the usage of public land. a. public land is managed by federal and state agencies. b. unprotected lands exist inside federal parks. c. public land can be protected or unprotected. d. wilderness areas and state parks are protected. please select the best answer from the choices provided a b c d
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The statement that is not true concerning the usage of public land is unprotected lands exist inside federal parks. The correct option is b.
The correct answer to the question is "b. unprotected lands exist inside federal parks." This statement is not entirely true since all lands inside federal parks are protected by law. Public lands can either be protected or unprotected, and they are managed by federal and state agencies. Wilderness areas and state parks are examples of protected public lands. Unprotected public lands, on the other hand, are open to commercial and recreational uses such as mining, grazing, and hunting. The management of public lands is essential to ensure that they are used sustainably and for the benefit of all.
The federal government and state agencies have various management practices in place to regulate the use of public lands, including zoning, permits, and conservation easements. Public lands are crucial to maintaining biodiversity, conserving natural resources, and providing opportunities for recreation, education, and scientific research. Protecting and managing public lands is crucial to ensure their long-term conservation and sustainable use for future generations. The correct option is b. unprotected lands exist inside federal parks.
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You are given a dataset about number of products manufactured in two factories, a and b. you are asked to look into the data and choose which company outperforms the other one. the dataset contains the number of manufactured products per day in each factory. your data contains year of information. what approach will you select? you are given a dataset about number of products manufactured in two factories, a and b. you are asked to look into the data and choose which company outperforms the other one. the dataset contains the number of manufactured products per day in each factory. your data contains year of information. what approach will you select?
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By following these steps, you can choose which factory outperforms the other based on the dataset provided.
1. Organize the dataset
2. Calculate the total products
3. Calculate the average daily production
4. Compare the performance
To determine which factory outperforms the other using a dataset containing the number of products manufactured per day in each factory over a year, follow these steps:
Step 1: Ensure that the dataset is properly structured, with columns for factory (A and B), date, and the number of products manufactured per day.
Step 2: Find the sum of the number of products manufactured by each factory over the year by adding the daily production numbers.
Step 3: Divide the total number of products manufactured by each factory by the total number of days in the dataset (e.g., 365 days).
Step 4: Compare the average daily production numbers for Factory A and Factory B.
The factory with the higher average daily production outperforms the other.
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How to import a cargo of dried almonds (1,000kg) from SouthAfrica to Australia? (The answer should cover the politicalfactors)
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Political factors that could affect the importation of goods from South Africa to Australia might include trade agreements or tariffs between the two countries, regulations surrounding the shipment of goods between the two countries, and any political unrest or instability in either country that could impact the movement of goods. O
The factors of importation a cargo of dried almondsTo import a cargo of dried almonds (1,000 kg) from South Africa to Australia, you need to consider the following political factors:
1. Trade agreements: Check for any trade agreements between South Africa and
Australia, which may affect tariffs or import regulations. 2. Import permits: Obtain necessary import permits from the Australian government, ensuring compliance with their import regulations.
3. Customs and tariffs: Be aware of any customs duties and tariffs applicable on dried almonds when importing them into Australia.
4. Quarantine regulations: Ensure compliance with Australia's strict quarantine regulations to prevent the introduction of pests and diseases.
5. Documentation: Prepare all required documents, such as invoices, packing lists, and certificates of origin, to facilitate smooth customs clearance in Australia. 6. Export regulations: Comply with South African export regulations and obtain any necessary export permits or licenses.
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According to Dunphy and Stace, the disadvantage of the tell and sell change management style is that it: _______
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According to Dunphy and Stace, the disadvantage of the tell and sell change management style is that it can lead to employee resistance and lack of commitment. This approach involves management informing employees about the need for change and then persuading them to accept it. While this method can be effective in situations where quick decision-making is necessary, it may not be the best choice for fostering long-term employee engagement and buy-in.
The tell and sell approach can result in employees feeling excluded from the decision-making process, which may lead to frustration and a lack of trust in management. This, in turn, can hinder the successful implementation of the change initiative, as employees may be less inclined to support or participate in the change process. In addition, relying solely on persuasion can be ineffective if employees do not see a clear benefit for themselves in the proposed changes.
To overcome these disadvantages, organizations may consider adopting a more collaborative change management style, such as the involve and negotiate approach. This style encourages open communication and consultation between management and employees, promoting a sense of shared ownership in the change process. By involving employees in decision-making and addressing their concerns, organizations can foster a more positive work environment, increase employee commitment, and ultimately achieve more successful change outcomes.
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Consider a hypothetical economy where there are no taxes and no international trade. Households spend $0. 90 of each additional dollar they earn and save the remaining $0. 10. If there are no taxes and no international trade, the oversimplified multiplier for this economy is. Suppose investment spending in this economy decreases by $200 billion. The decrease in investment will lead to a decrease in income, generating a
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In the hypothetical economy described, where there are no taxes and no international trade, we can determine the multiplier using the marginal propensity to consume (MPC), which is the proportion of additional income that households spend. In this case, the MPC is 0.90.
The multiplier can be calculated using the formula:
Multiplier = 1 / (1 - MPC)
In this economy, the multiplier is:
Multiplier = 1 / (1 - 0.90) = 1 / 0.10 = 10
Now, suppose investment spending decreases by $200 billion. To determine the overall decrease in income, we can use the multiplier:
Decrease in income = Decrease in investment × Multiplier
Decrease in income = $200 billion × 10 = $2,000 billion
In this hypothetical economy, a decrease in investment spending by $200 billion will lead to a decrease in income of $2,000 billion.
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Purchased a $171,500 machine on January 1 of this year for $34,300 cash. A five-year note is signed for the balance. The note will be paid in five equal year-end payments starting on December 31 of this year. Rev: 04_08_2019_QC_CS-165140 Required: 1. In transaction (a), determine the present value of the debt. (Round your answer to nearest whole dollar. )
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Present value = Future value / (1 + r)^n
where r is the interest rate and n is the number of periods.
In this case, the future value of the debt is $171,500 - $34,300 = $137,200, which is the amount financed by the note. The interest rate is not given, so we will assume it to be 6% per year.
The note will be paid in five equal year-end payments, so n = 5. The present value of the debt as of January 1 of this year is:
Present value = $137,200 / (1 + 6%)^5
Present value = $99,646
Therefore, the present value of the debt as of January 1 of this year is $99,646.
state the theory concept approach of business structure
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The theory concept approach of business structure refers to the process of selecting and organizing the most suitable organizational structure for a company.
The theory concept approach of business structure involves considering various factors such as the company's goals, size, and industry to determine the most effective way to allocate resources, delegate responsibilities, and facilitate communication. The main steps in this approach are:
1. Identify the company's objectives and strategies: Understand the goals and plans of the business to help determine the appropriate structure.
2. Evaluate the external environment: Analyze the industry, competition, and market trends to identify the optimal structure that allows for flexibility and adaptability.
3. Assess the internal resources: Examine the company's resources, including human capital, financial capabilities, and technological assets, to establish a structure that best utilizes them.
4. Choose the appropriate business structure: Select the most suitable structure, such as functional, divisional, matrix, or network, based on the gathered information.
5. Implement the chosen structure: Integrate the new structure into the company's operations and processes, ensuring that it is properly communicated and understood by all employees.
6. Monitor and adjust the structure as needed: Regularly evaluate the effectiveness of the business structure and make adjustments as necessary to remain competitive and efficient in the market.
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Robinson Corporation has $27 million of bonds outstanding that were issued at a coupon rate of 10. 950 percent seven years ago. Interest rates have fallen to 10. 250 percent. Mr. Brooks, the Vice-President of Finance, does not expect rates to fall any further. The bonds have 17 years left to maturity, and Mr. Brooks would like to refund the bonds with a new issue of equal amount also having 17 years to maturity. The Robinson Corporation has a tax rate of 30 percent. The underwriting cost on the old issue was 2. 70 percent of the total bond value. The underwriting cost on the new issue will be 1. 80 percent of the total bond value. The original bond indenture contained a five-year protection against a call, with a 6 percent call premium starting in the sixth year and scheduled to decline by one- half percent each year thereafter. (Consider the bond to be seven years old for purposes of computing the premium. ) Use Appendix D for an approximate answer but calculate your final answer using the formula and financial calculator methods. Assume the discount rate is equal to the aftertax cost of new debt rounded up to the nearest whole percent (e. G. 4. 06 percent should be rounded up to 5 percent).
Answers
The cost of issuing new bonds is $27.05 million, which is greater than the market value of the old bonds of $54.75 million. Hence, it is not beneficial for Robinson Corporation to refund its outstanding bonds at this time.
To determine whether it is beneficial for Robinson Corporation to refund its outstanding bonds, we need to compare the cost of the old bonds to the cost of issuing new bonds.
First, let's calculate the current market value of the old bonds:
PV = C x (1 - (1 + r)-n)/r + F/(1 + r)n
Where:
PV = present value
C = coupon payment
r = discount rate (10.250%)
n = number of periods (17 years x 2 semi-annual periods = 34)
F = face value
PV = $54.75 million
Next, let's calculate the call price of the old bonds:
Call price = Face value x (1 + call premium rate)
Call premium rate = 6.0% + (7 - 6) x 0.5% = 6.5%
Call price = $27 million x (1 + 6.5%) = $28.755 million
Since the current market value of the old bonds is less than the call price, Robinson Corporation cannot call the bonds. Instead, it can only refund them by issuing new bonds.
The cost of issuing new bonds can be calculated as follows:
Coupon payment = Face value x coupon rate = $27 million x 10.950% = $2.955 million
Underwriting cost on old issue = $27 million x 2.70% = $0.729 million
Underwriting cost on new issue = $27 million x 1.80% = $0.486 million
Total proceeds from new issue = Face value - underwriting cost = $27 million - $0.486 million = $26.514 million
To calculate the after-tax cost of new debt, we need to calculate the before-tax cost of debt and adjust it for taxes:
Before-tax cost of debt = coupon payment / proceeds from new issue = $2.955 million / $26.514 million = 11.15%
After-tax cost of debt = before-tax cost of debt x (1 - tax rate) = 11.15% x (1 - 30%) = 7.805%
The discount rate is equal to the after-tax cost of new debt rounded up to the nearest whole percent, which is 8%.
Using the discount rate of 8%, we can calculate the present value of the cash flows from the new issue:
PV = C x (1 - (1 + r)-n)/r + F/(1 + r)n
Where:
PV = present value
C = coupon payment
r = discount rate (8%)
n = number of periods (17 years x 2 semi-annual periods = 34)
F = face value
PV = $27.05 million
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Daniel Kaffe, CFO of Kendrick Enterprises, is evaluating a 10-year, 6. 1 percent loan with gross proceeds of $5,550,000. The interest payments on the loan will be made annually. Flotation costs are estimated to be 2. 4 percent of gross proceeds and will be amortized using a straight-line schedule over the 10-year life of the loan. The company has a tax rate of 40 percent, and the loan will not increase the risk of financial distress for the company.
Required:
a. Calculate the net present value of the loan excluding flotation costs.
b. Calculate the net present value of the loan including flotation costs.
Answers
a) The net present value of the loan excluding flotation costs is $2,080,559
b) The NPV of the loan including flotation costs is -$4,244,344.
a) To calculate the net present value (NPV) of the loan excluding flotation costs, we first need to calculate the annual interest payment. We can do this by multiplying the gross proceeds by the interest rate:
Annual interest payment = $5,550,000 x 6.1% = $338,055
Next, we need to calculate the present value (PV) of the annual interest payments over the 10-year life of the loan. We can use the formula:
PV = (Annual interest payment / (1 + Discount rate)ⁿ)
Where n is the year number, and the discount rate is the company's cost of capital.
Assuming a cost of capital of 10%, the PV of the loan excluding flotation costs is:
NPV = PV of cash inflows - PV of initial investment
= ($338,055 / (1 + 10%)) + ($338,055 / (1 + 10%)²) + ... + ($338,055 / (1 + 10%)¹⁰) - $5,550,000
= $2,080,559
To calculate the NPV of the loan including flotation costs, we need to add the amortized flotation costs to the initial investment. The amortized flotation costs are 2.4% of the gross proceeds, or $133,200 per year for 10 years. The PV of the flotation costs is:
PV of flotation costs = ($133,200 / (1 + 10%)) + ($133,200 / (1 + 10%)²) + ... + ($133,200 / (1 + 10%)¹⁰)
= $774,903
Therefore, the NPV of the loan including flotation costs is:
NPV = PV of cash inflows - (PV of initial investment + PV of flotation costs)
= $2,080,559 - ($5,550,000 + $774,903)
= -$4,244,344
Since the NPV is negative, it would not be advisable for Kendrick Enterprises to take out the loan with the given terms and conditions.
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Number 2 pencils at campus bookstore are sold at a fairly steady rate of 60 per week. The pencils cost the book store 2 cents each and sell for 15cents each. It costs the bookstore $12 to initiate an order, and holding costs are based on an annual interest rate of 25%. A. Determine the optimal order quantity minimizing the annual cost and the optimal order quantity minimizing the weekly cost. Compare and analyze these two order quantities. B. Computes average inventory (I) and average inventory flow time (T). C. The store’s inventory flow time will increase (or decrease) as the annual demand R increases. Explain why?
Answers
A. After performing a cost analysis, it has been determined that the most optimal order quantity for a certain product is 240 units.
B. According to the available data, the average inventory flow time for the store is 3.99 weeks.
C. As the annual demand increases, there will be a corresponding increase in the store's inventory flow time, meaning it will take longer for products to move from the point of arrival to the point of sale, potentially resulting in decreased efficiency and customer satisfaction.
A.
To determine the optimal order quantity that minimizes the annual cost, we can use the Economic Order Quantity (EOQ) formula:
[tex]$$ EOQ = \sqrt{\frac{2DS}{H}} $$[/tex]
Where [tex]$D$[/tex] is the annual demand ([tex]$60 \times 52 = 3120$[/tex]), [tex]$S$[/tex] is the cost per order [tex](\$12[/tex]), and [tex]$H$[/tex] is the holding cost (25% of the item cost, or [tex]$0.25 \times 2$[/tex] cents[tex]$= 0.5$[/tex] cents).
Plugging in the values, we get:
[tex]$$ EOQ = \sqrt{\frac{2 \times 3120 \times 12}{0.005}} = 239.29 $$[/tex]
Therefore, the optimal order quantity that minimizes the annual cost is 239.29, which we can round up to 240.
To determine the optimal order quantity that minimizes the weekly cost, we can use the reorder point formula:
[tex]$$ ROP = dL + \sqrt{d^2L^2 + \frac{2DS}{H}} $$[/tex]
Where [tex]$d$[/tex] is the weekly demand (60),[tex]$L$[/tex]is the lead time (the time it takes to receive an order, assumed to be 0), [tex]$S$[/tex] is the cost per order [tex](\$12)[/tex], and [tex]$H$[/tex] is the holding cost (25% of the item cost, or 0.5 cents).
Plugging in the values, we get:
[tex]$$ ROP = 60 \times 0 + \sqrt{60^2 \times 0^2 + \frac{2 \times 12 \times 3120}{0.005}} = 240 $$[/tex]
Therefore, the optimal order quantity that minimizes the weekly cost is also 240.
Comparing these two order quantities, we see that they are the same. This is because the holding cost and the order cost are proportional, so the EOQ and the ROP will be the same.
B.
The average inventory is 3.99 Weeks.
The average inventory[tex]($I$)[/tex] can be calculated using the EOQ formula:
[tex]$$ I = \frac{EOQ}{2} = \frac{239.29}{2} = 119.64 $$[/tex]
The average inventory flow time [tex]($T$)[/tex] can be calculated as:
[tex]$$ T =[/tex][tex]\frac{EOQ}{d} = \frac{239.29}{60} = 3.99 \text{ weeks} $$[/tex]
C.
The store's inventory flow time will increase as the annual demand [tex]($R$)[/tex]increases. This is because the reorder point (ROP) is calculated based on the demand, and the higher the demand, the more frequently the store will need to reorder. This will increase the lead time and therefore the inventory flow time. Additionally, a higher demand may require a higher order quantity, which will also increase the inventory flow time.
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the new machine has a purchase price of $1,170,000, an estimated useful life and macrs class life of 5 years, and an estimated salvage value of $105,000. the applicable depreciation rates are 20.00%, 32.00%, 19.20%, 11.52%, 11.52%, and 5.76%. being highly efficient, it is expected to economize on electric power usage, labor, and repair costs, and, most importantly, to reduce the number of defective chickens. in total, an annual savings of $245,000 will be realized if the new machine is installed. the company's marginal tax rate is 35% and the project cost of capital is 16%. what is the initial net cash flow if the new machine is purchased and the old one is replaced? round your answer to the nearest dollar. $
Answers
If the new machine has a purchase price of $1,170,000, an estimated useful life and macrs class life of 5 years, the initial net cash flow is -$180,590.
The initial net cash flow is the difference between the initial investment required to purchase the new machine and the present value of the expected annual savings over the useful life of the machine.
In this case, the initial investment is the purchase price of the new machine minus the estimated salvage value, which equals $1,065,000 ($1,170,000 - $105,000).
To calculate the present value of the expected annual savings, we need to use the cost of capital, which is 16%. We can use the formula for present value of an annuity to find the present value of the annual savings.
PV = C x ((1 - (1 + r)^-n) / r)
Where:
C = Annual savings = $245,000
r = Discount rate = 16%
n = Number of years = 5
Plugging in the values, we get:
PV = $245,000 x ((1 - (1 + 0.16)^-5) / 0.16)
PV = $884,410
Therefore, the initial net cash flow is:
Initial Net Cash Flow = -$1,065,000 + $884,410
Initial Net Cash Flow = -$180,590
The negative sign indicates that there is an initial cash outflow required to purchase the new machine. This means that the company will have to invest $180,590 upfront to replace the old machine with the new one.
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frame company produces and sells 4,000 units of a product that has a contribution margin of $6 per unit. the company sells the product for a sales price of $20 per unit. fixed costs are $18,000. the company is considering investing in new technology that would decrease the variable cost per unit to $8 per unit and double total fixed costs. the company expects the new technology to increase production and sales to 9,000 units of product. what sales price would have to be charged to earn a $99,000 target profit assuming the investment in technology is made?
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The company would have to charge a sales price of $19 per unit to earn a target profit of $99,000 assuming the investment in technology is made.
To calculate the sales price required to earn a target profit of $99,000, we first need to determine the new contribution margin per unit after the investment in technology.
Current contribution margin per unit = Sales price per unit - Variable cost per unit
= $20 - $6
= $14
New variable cost per unit after investment = $8
New contribution margin per unit = Sales price per unit - New variable cost per unit
= $x - $8
We can now use the contribution margin ratio to calculate the required sales to earn the target profit.
Contribution margin ratio = Contribution margin / Sales
= $14 / $20
= 0.7
New contribution margin ratio = (x - $8) / $x
Since we want to earn a target profit of $99,000 and the new fixed costs are double the current fixed costs, the new total fixed costs will be $36,000.
Target profit = (Sales * Contribution margin ratio) - Total fixed costs
$99,000 = (Sales * 0.7) - $36,000
Solving for sales, we get:
Sales = ($99,000 + $36,000) / 0.7
Sales = $207,143
Now we can use the sales price formula to find the required sales price:
Sales price = (Variable cost per unit * Sales) + Total fixed costs + Target profit
Sales price = ($8 * 9,000) + $36,000 + $99,000
Sales price = $171,000 / 9,000
Sales price = $19
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which of the following organization structures is usually bureaucratic, the division of labor is typically well defined, and is suitable for companies in which processes are routine and efficiency is of primary importance? a. decentralized b. tall c. centralized d. flat e. hierarchical
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The organization structure that is usually bureaucratic, with a well-defined division of labor and suitable for companies where processes are routine and efficiency is of primary importance is the centralized structure. Option C is correct.
This structure is characterized by a hierarchy of authority with decision-making power concentrated at the top. The top management makes decisions and communicates them down the line to lower-level employees who implement them. In a centralized structure, there is a clear chain of command, and the decision-making process is highly formalized.
Centralized structures are common in large organizations with many levels of management. In such organizations, the division of labor is well-defined, and each employee has a specific job function. Employees are highly specialized and perform routine tasks that are standardized to ensure maximum efficiency.
Centralized structures are suitable for companies in which processes are routine and efficiency is of primary importance. However, they can also be bureaucratic and slow-moving, making it difficult to respond quickly to changes in the market or other external factors. Therefore, companies that require more flexibility and adaptability may opt for a flatter structure, which allows for more decentralized decision-making and a greater degree of autonomy for lower-level employees.
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Name two environmentally related legislative acts passed by Congress in the 1970's
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There were two significant environmental legislative acts passed by Congress in the 1970s, namely the Clean Air Act (CAA) and the Clean Water Act (CWA).
The CAA was first passed in 1970 and was later amended in 1977 and 1990 to strengthen its provisions. The CAA aims to regulate air pollution by setting emission standards for harmful pollutants such as sulfur dioxide and nitrogen oxides. The act also sets limits on emissions from automobiles, factories, and power plants.
On the other hand, the CWA was enacted in 1972 to regulate water pollution in the United States. The act aims to maintain the chemical, physical, and biological integrity of the nation's waters by setting pollution control standards for industries and wastewater treatment plants. The CWA also prohibits the discharge of pollutants into navigable waters without a permit and requires states to establish water quality standards.
Both the CAA and CWA have been instrumental in improving the environmental quality of the United States over the past several decades. These acts have resulted in significant reductions in air and water pollution, improved public health, and preserved natural resources for future generations.
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A company reported the following information for Year 1:
Net income $34,000
Owner contribution 9,000
Deferred gain on a highly effective cash-flow hedge 8,000
Foreign currency translation gain 2,000
Prior service cost not recognized in net periodic pension cost 5,000
What is the amount of other comprehensive income for Year 1?
A) $43,000
B) $5,000
C) $14,000
D) $15,000
Answers
The amount of other comprehensive income for Year 1 can be calculated by adding up the deferred gain on a highly effective cash-flow hedge, foreign currency translation gain, and prior service cost not recognized in net periodic pension cost. Therefore, the amount of other comprehensive income for Year 1 would be $15,000 (8,000 + 2,000 + 5,000).
Net income and owner contribution do not contribute to other comprehensive income, as they are part of the company's overall financial performance for the year. Other comprehensive income includes gains and losses that are not part of the company's regular business operations, such as those resulting from changes in the value of investments or fluctuations in foreign currency exchange rates.
It's important to note that other comprehensive income is reported separately from net income on a company's financial statements. This is because it represents gains and losses that are not directly related to the company's ongoing operations and may not be reflective of its long-term financial health. However, it still provides valuable information to investors and stakeholders who are interested in understanding the full scope of a company's financial performance.
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Amarindo, Inc. (AMR), is a newly public firm with 9. 5 million shares outstanding. You are doing a valuation analysis of AMR. You estimate its free cash flow in the coming year to be $14. 73 million, and you expect the firm's free cash flows to grow by 4. 4% per year in subsequent years. Because the firm has only been listed on the stock exchange for a short time, you do not have an accurate assessment of AMR's equity beta. However, you do have beta data for UAL, another firm in the same industry:. AMR has a much lower debt-equity ratio of 0. 42, which is expected to remain stable, and its debt is risk free. AMR's corporate tax rate is 20%, the risk-free rate is 4. 6%, and the expected return on the market portfolio is 11. 2%. A. Estimate AMR's equity cost of capital. B. Estimate AMR's share price.
Equity Beta Debt Beta Debt-Equity Ratio
UAL 2. 10 0. 42 1. 4
Answers
r_e = r_f + β_e(r_m - r_f)
where r_e is the required return on equity, r_f is the risk-free rate, β_e is the equity beta, and (r_m - r_f) is the market risk premium.
Since we do not have an accurate assessment of AMR's equity beta, we can use UAL's equity beta as a proxy. Therefore, we have:
β_e = β_u / (1 + (1 - t)(D/E))
where β_u is UAL's unlevered beta, D/E is AMR's debt-equity ratio, and t is the corporate tax rate.
From the information given, we have:
β_u = 2.10
D/E = 0.42
t = 0.20
Substituting these values, we get:
β_e = 2.10 / (1 + (1 - 0.20)(0.42)) = 1.38
Now, we can use the CAPM equation to estimate AMR's equity cost of capital:
r_e = 4.6% + 1.38(11.2% - 4.6%) = 13.75%
Therefore, AMR's equity cost of capital is approximately 13.75%.
B. To estimate AMR's share price, we can use the discounted cash flow (DCF) approach:
V_0 = FCF_1 / (r_e - g)
where V_0 is the present value of the firm's free cash flows, FCF_1 is the estimated free cash flow in the coming year, r_e is the equity cost of capital, and g is the expected growth rate of free cash flows.
From the information given, we have:
FCF_1 = $14.73 million
r_e = 13.75%
g = 4.4%
Substituting these values, we get:
V_0 = $14.73 million / (13.75% - 4.4%) = $153.46 million
Since AMR has 9.5 million shares outstanding, we can calculate the share price as:
Share price = V_0 / Number of shares = $153.46 million / 9.5 million = $16.13
Therefore, AMR's estimated share price is $16.13.
The Rustic Welt Company is proposing to replace its old welt-making machinery with more modern equipment. The new equipment costs $10. 1 million (the existing equipment has zero salvage value). The attraction of the new machinery is that it is expected to cut manufacturing costs from their current level of $9. 10 a welt to $5. 10. However, as the following table shows, there is some uncertainty about both the future sales and the performance of the new machinery:
Pessimistic Expected Optimistic
Sales (million welts) 1. 5 1. 6 1. 8 Manufacturing cost ($ per welt) 7. 10 5. 10 4. 10 Life of new machinery (years) 5 8 11
Answers
The Rustic Welt Company is considering replacing its old welt-making machinery with more modern equipment to improve efficiency and reduce manufacturing costs.
The new equipment has a cost of $10.1 million, while the existing machinery has zero salvage value. The expected benefits of the new machinery include a decrease in manufacturing costs from the current $9.10 per welt to $5.10 per welt. However, there is uncertainty surrounding future sales and the performance of the new machinery.
Three scenarios have been presented: Pessimistic, Expected, and Optimistic. In the Pessimistic scenario, sales are estimated at 1.5 million welts, and the manufacturing cost per welt is $7.10. The machinery's life expectancy is 5 years. In the Expected scenario, sales are estimated at 1.6 million welts, and the manufacturing cost per welt is $5.10. The machinery's life expectancy is 8 years. Lastly, in the Optimistic scenario, sales are estimated at 1.8 million welts, and the manufacturing cost per welt is $4.10. The machinery's life expectancy is 11 years.
The company must weigh the potential benefits of the new machinery against the uncertainties in sales and performance. By analyzing each scenario, they can make a more informed decision about whether to invest in the new equipment.
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Tonya was surprised to learn that her country limited the amount of currency she could convert and take out of the country when she went to America to visit her cousin. This limit is an example of a policy of Blank______. Multiple choice question
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Tonya was surprised to learn that her country limited the amount of currency she could convert and take out of the country when she went to America to visit her cousin. This limit is an example of a policy of capital controls.
Capital controls are measures implemented by governments to restrict the flow of money, particularly foreign currency, in and out of their country. These controls can be in the form of taxes, tariffs, or outright restrictions on currency exchange and transfers.
The purpose of capital controls is to maintain financial stability, protect domestic industries, and manage exchange rates. While they may help achieve these objectives, capital controls can also hinder international trade, limit economic growth, and create market inefficiencies.
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projects a and b are mutually exclusive. project a has a npv of -$10,000 and project b has a npv of -$15,000. which project(s) should be accepted?
Answers
By choosing Project A, the company will have to incur a smaller loss than if it chooses Project B.
To determine which project should be accepted, we need to compare their net present values (NPV) and choose the project with the higher NPV.
Project A has a NPV of -$10,000, which means that the present value of its cash inflows is less than the present value of its cash outflows by $10,000.
Project B has a NPV of -$15,000, which means that the present value of its cash inflows is less than the present value of its cash outflows by $15,000.
Since both projects have negative NPVs, accepting either project would result in a loss. However, if a company has to choose between the two projects, it should choose Project A, since it has the smaller negative NPV of -$10,000 compared to Project B's negative NPV of -$15,000.
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Drag each scenario to the correct strategy for delivering a negative message.
a company wants to inform a
long-term vendor that its
services are failing to
meet quality standards.
a condominium manager is
sending the sixth reminder
to a resident to pay her dues.
a hospital must inform its staff that
it is closing.
a web security firm has to alert a
client about a security breach.
an airline has to downgrade a
passenger's booking from first
class at short notice.
a dairy company must notify
customers about a 1 percent
price increase.
direct strategy or indirect strategy
Answers
Company informing a long-term vendor that its services are failing to meet quality standards - Direct strategy. Condominium manager sending the sixth reminder to a resident to pay her dues - Indirect strategy. Hospital informing its staff that it is closing - Direct strategy. Web security firm alerting a client about a security breach - Direct strategy. Airline downgrading a passenger's booking from first class at short notice - Indirect strategy.
Dairy company notifying customers about a 1 percent price increase - Indirect strategy.
1. A company wants to inform a long-term vendor that its services are failing to meet quality standards.
- Strategy: Indirect strategy (since it's a long-term relationship, using a more gentle approach would be better)
2. A condominium manager is sending the sixth reminder to a resident to pay her dues.
- Strategy: Direct strategy (the message has been delivered multiple times, and it's time to be straightforward)
3. A hospital must inform its staff that it is closing.
- Strategy: Indirect strategy (breaking such serious news gently would be more appropriate)
4. A web security firm has to alert a client about a security breach.
- Strategy: Direct strategy (it's crucial to convey the urgency of the situation)
5. An airline has to downgrade a passenger's booking from first class at short notice.
- Strategy: Indirect strategy (it's a negative change for the customer, so a gentler approach would be better)
6. A dairy company must notify customers about a 1 percent price increase.
- Strategy: Direct strategy (the increase is small, so being direct and concise should suffice)
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Carlos Arruza Company exchanged equipment used in its manufacturing operations plus $3,000 in cash for similar equipment used in the operations of Tony LoBianco Company. The following information pertains to the exchange.
Carlos Arruza Co. Tony LoBianco Co.
Equipment (cost) $28,000 $28,000
Accumulated depreciation 19,000 10,000
Fair value of equipment 12,500 15,500
Cash given up 3,000
a) Prepare the journal entries to record the exchange on the books of both companies. Assume that the exchange lacks commercial substance.
b) Prepare the journal entries to record the exchange on the books of both companies. Assume that the exchange has commercial substance
Answers
The journal entries for both companies would look like this:
Carlos Arruza Co.:
Equipment (cost) $28,000
Accumulated depreciation $19,000
Cash $3,000
To record the exchange of equipment with commercial substance
Loss on disposal of equipment $3,500
Equipment (fair value) $12,500
Tony LoBianco Co.:
Equipment (cost) $28,000
Accumulated depreciation $10,000
Gain on disposal of equipment $2,000
Equipment (fair value) $15,500
Cash $3,000
To record the exchange of equipment with commercial substance
First, let's talk about an exchange that lacks commercial substance. This means that the exchange doesn't have any significant impact on the companies involved. In other words, the two assets being exchanged are of roughly equal value. In this case, the journal entries for both companies would look like this:
Carlos Arruza Co.:
Equipment (cost) $28,000
Accumulated depreciation $19,000
Cash $3,000
Equipment (fair value) $12,500
To record the exchange of equipment lacking commercial substance
Tony LoBianco Co.:
Equipment (cost) $28,000
Accumulated depreciation $10,000
Equipment (fair value) $15,500
Cash $3,000
To record the exchange of equipment lacking commercial substance
Notice that in this case, we have to account for the fact that the fair value of the equipment being exchanged is not equal. Carlos Arruza Co. is giving up equipment worth $28,000 (cost) and receiving equipment worth $12,500 plus $3,000 in cash. This means they're taking a loss of $3,500 on the transaction, which is recorded as a loss on disposal of equipment. Tony LoBianco Co. is giving up equipment worth $28,000 (cost) and receiving $3,000 in cash plus equipment worth $15,500. This means they're making a gain of $2,000 on the transaction, which is recorded as a gain on disposal of equipment.
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According to the moral choices textbook, what is the dominant cultural ideology calling into
question the christian view about moral knowledge?
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According to the moral choices textbook, the dominant cultural ideology that is calling into question the Christian view about moral knowledge is relativism. Relativism holds that moral truths are subjective and dependent on individual or cultural perspectives, rather than being objectively true and universally applicable. This challenges the Christian view of moral knowledge, which asserts that moral truths are revealed by God and are absolute and objective. Christians believe that moral knowledge is based on the teachings of the Bible and the guidance of the Holy Spirit, whereas relativism sees morality as a matter of personal opinion or cultural convention.
This perspective challenges the Christian view that moral knowledge is based on absolute and universal principles, as described in the Bible and Christian tradition. Christians believe that moral truths are grounded in the character of God and are therefore objective and unchanging, regardless of cultural or individual differences. Moral relativism, on the other hand, suggests that there are no objective moral standards that apply to everyone, and that each individual must determine what is right or wrong based on their own experiences and perspectives.
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Limitations and applicability of organizational behaviour model
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Organizational behavior (OB) models are valuable tools for understanding and managing human behavior in the workplace. However, there are some limitations and applicability factors to consider when using them.
One limitation of OB models is that they are based on generalizations and may not perfectly capture the unique characteristics of a specific organization. Organizations differ in terms of size, industry, and culture, which may impact the applicability of a particular model. Managers should therefore adapt and customize these models to their specific context for better results.
Another limitation is that OB models typically focus on observable behaviors, neglecting the influence of individual personalities and emotions. This may lead to an incomplete understanding of employee behavior and limit the effectiveness of interventions aimed at improving workplace performance.
Moreover, OB models often emphasize the role of the organization's structure and systems, potentially underestimating the importance of individual motivation, personal values, and beliefs. For this reason, an effective OB model should also take into account the psychological factors that drive employee behavior.
Regarding the applicability of OB models, they are most useful in situations where there is a need to understand and manage human behavior within the organization. This includes employee recruitment and selection, performance management, team-building, leadership development, and organizational change.
In conclusion, organizational behavior models can offer valuable insights into the dynamics of human behavior in the workplace. However, it is crucial to recognize their limitations and adapt them to the specific context of the organization. By doing so, managers can optimize the applicability of these models and improve overall organizational performance.
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when inflation falls, people question 2 options: make less frequent trips to the bank and firms make less frequent price changes. make less frequent trips to the bank while firms make more frequent price changes. make more frequent trips to the bank while firms make less frequent price changes. make more frequent trips to the bank and firms make more frequent price changes.
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When inflation falls, people may question whether to make less frequent trips to the bank or whether firms should make less frequent price changes. Inflation refers to the increase in the prices of goods and services over time, leading to a decrease in the purchasing power of money.
When inflation falls, it means that prices are increasing at a slower rate, and there is less pressure on individuals and firms to adjust their behaviors.
One option for individuals when inflation falls is to make less frequent trips to the bank. When inflation is high, people tend to make more frequent trips to the bank to withdraw money to keep up with the rising prices. However, when inflation falls, there is less need to withdraw money, and people may choose to make fewer trips to the bank.
On the other hand, firms may decide to make less frequent price changes when inflation falls. Inflation often leads to firms raising prices to maintain their profit margins. However, when inflation falls, firms may not need to raise prices as frequently to maintain their profit margins. Therefore, they may choose to make fewer price changes.
Overall, when inflation falls, people may choose to make less frequent trips to the bank, and firms may make less frequent price changes. However, it is important to note that this is not always the case, as other factors can influence individual and firm behavior. For instance, firms may choose to make more frequent price changes to stay competitive in the market or to adjust for changes in production costs. Similarly, individuals may need to withdraw money from the bank for other reasons unrelated to inflation.
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a portfolio's value increases by 17% during a financial boom and by 8% during normal times. it decreases by 12% during a recession. what is the expected return on this portfolio if each scenario is equally likely?
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To calculate the expected return on the portfolio, we need to weigh the returns during each scenario by their respective probabilities. Since each scenario is equally likely, we can assign a probability of 1/3 to each scenario.
During a financial boom, the portfolio's value increases by 17%. Therefore, the return during this scenario is 0.17.
During normal times, the portfolio's value increases by 8%. Therefore, the return during this scenario is 0.08.
During a recession, the portfolio's value decreases by 12%. Therefore, the return during this scenario is -0.12.
To calculate the expected return, we multiply each return by its probability and add them together:
(0.17 x 1/3) + (0.08 x 1/3) + (-0.12 x 1/3) = 0.043
Therefore, the expected return on the portfolio is 4.3%. This means that if we were to repeat these scenarios many times, we would expect the portfolio to earn an average return of 4.3%. It's important to note that this is just an expectation and that actual returns could be higher or lower than this figure.
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Circle the expression(s) equivalent to 42 divided by the sum of 2/3 and 3/4 (2/3+3/4) divided by 42 (42 divided by 2/3) + 3/4 42 divided by (2/3+3/4) 42/ 2/3+3/4
Answers
The expression equivalent to 42 divided by the sum of 2/3 and 3/4 (2/3+3/4) divided by 42 is 23/4.
Expressions that are equivalent do the same thing even when they have distinct appearances. When we enter the same value for the variable, two algebraic expressions that are equivalent have the same value.
The equivalent expressions for the specified algebraic expression are shown by the Equivalent Expression Calculator, a free online application. The computations and simplification are expedited by BYJU's online equivalent expression calculator tool, which also quickly shows the equivalent phrase.
The expression equivalent to 42 divided by the sum of 2/3 and 3/4 (2/3+3/4) divided by 42 is:
42/2/3 + 3/4 = 23/4
Therefore, the expression equivalent to 42 divided by the sum of 2/3 and 3/4 (2/3+3/4) divided by 42 is 23/4.
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