Answer:
The dating system that describes only the order in which rocks were formed is called relative dating.
A dating system that describes only the order in which rocks were formed is called relative dating.
Relative dating is a method used by geologists to determine the chronological sequence of events in Earth's history without necessarily providing an exact age. This technique relies on the principles of stratigraphy, which involves studying the layers of sedimentary rocks, also known as strata.
Key concepts in relative dating include the Law of Superposition, the Principle of Original Horizontality, and the Principle of Cross-Cutting Relationships. The Law of Superposition states that in undisturbed sedimentary rock layers, the oldest layer is at the bottom, and each successive layer above it is younger. The Principle of Original Horizontality suggests that these layers were initially deposited horizontally and were subsequently deformed by geological forces. The Principle of Cross-Cutting Relationships asserts that if one geological feature cuts across another, the feature being cut is older than the one cutting it.
By applying these principles, geologists can establish a relative chronology for rocks and the events that formed them, such as volcanic eruptions, fault movements, and deposition of sediments. Although relative dating cannot provide exact numerical ages, it is a crucial tool in understanding the sequence of geological events and the history of our planet.
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Refer to FIGURE 1.1 below showing landforms associated with answer the following questions. 1.1.1Identify landforms K and L. respectively. 1.1.2Did landforms K and L develop from horizontal or inclined rock strata? (1 x 1) (1) (a) Which landform, K or L, is in the furthest stage of development? (1x1) (1) (1 x 2) (2) (b) Give ONE reason for your answer in Question 1.1.3 (a). Where in South Africa will this landscape typically be found? (2 x 1) (2) 1.1.5 Differentiate between slope decline and slope retreat. (1 x 1) (1) (2 x 2) (4) 1.1.6 Initially (at first) landforms K and L will be reduced from the sides and will not be lowered. Explain why. (2 x 2) (4)
Slope decline and slope retreat are both terms used in geology and geomorphology to describe different types of changes that can occur in the slope of a hill or landforms over time.
How to explain the informationSlope decline: This refers to a gradual decrease in the angle or steepness of a slope over time. It can be caused by various natural processes such as weathering, erosion, and deposition.
Slope retreat: This refers to a more dramatic type of slope change, in which the entire slope begins to move backwards or retreat. This can be caused by various factors such as landslides, rockfalls, or glacier movement.
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Why might some Latin Americans live in areas in which climate and agriculture are unfavorable?
Answer: because of tradition and natural resources
Explanation: Making Inferences Why might some Latin Americans live in areas in which climate and agriculture are unfavorable? Possible answer: Some Latin Americans might live in these areas because of tradition and natural resources (for example, minerals and timber) that can support them economically.
which of the following is an advantage of sustainable farming for the farmer/environment? the soil is not degraded. there is less potential for water pollution. beneficial insects are not killed. all of these answers are advantages. none of these answers is an advantage.
All of the mentioned answers are advantages of sustainable farming including less water pollution, not killing of insects and preventing soil degradation for the farmer/environment. The right answer is d.
There is a concerted effort to modernise the agricultural sector, and sustainability depends on data-driven weather information. Farmers who apply sustainable practises will use less chemical input, less nonrenewable energy, and conserve limited resources. Insects won't be killed, the soil won't deteriorate, and there will be less risk of water pollution.
When you take into account the expanding population and the need for food, maintaining the health and replenishment of the soil can go a long way. Everyone involved in the agriculture industry will profit from more efficient farming and food transportation from farm to fork.
The correct answer is option d.
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What was the political system in Cuba once Fidel Castro toppled the existing government?
Answer: Several Latin American countries began to demand Cuba's re-admission to the Organization of American States. Cuba's government convened the first National Congress of the Cuban Communist Party, officially establishing Cuba as a socialist state.
What is one way to change the position of the water table?.
Answer: Remove water through groundwater pumping.
Which statements describe the richter scale? select three options. it gauges fault movement during an earthquake. it measures large earthquakes far from the seismograph. it estimates the total energy released from an earthquake. it increases in magnitude as amount of damage increases. it determines an earthquake’s magnitude based on the size of its seismic waves.
It estimates the total energy released from an earthquake, It determines an earthquake’s magnitude based on the size of its seismic waves and It gauges fault movement during an earthquake are the three correct statements that describe the Richter scale.
A numerical scale called the Richter scale is used to quantify the size or power of earthquakes. Charles Richter and Beno Gutenberg created it in 1935 at the California Institute of Technology. Each whole number increase on the scale, which goes from 0 to 10 corresponds to a tenfold increase in the amplitude of the seismic waves detected by a seismograph.
The scale measures seismic waves, not earthquake-related damage. It is significant to remember that the Richter scale only assesses an earthquake's magnitude not the extent of its damage. Depending on the location, depth and other factors an earthquake of the same magnitude can cause very different amounts of damage.
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The Richter scale is a measurement scale used to determine the magnitude of an earthquake. It estimates the total energy released from an earthquake, which is known as the seismic moment. The scale increases in magnitude as the amount of energy released by the earthquake increases.
One statement that describes the Richter scale is that it estimates the total energy released from an earthquake. This means that it provides a measurement of the overall power of the earthquake based on the amount of energy it released.
Another statement is that it determines an earthquake's magnitude based on the size of its seismic waves. Seismic waves are the waves of energy that radiate from the earthquake's epicenter. By measuring the amplitude (height) of these waves, the Richter scale can calculate the earthquake's magnitude.
A third statement is that it measures large earthquakes far from the seismograph. Seismographs are instruments used to measure and record seismic waves. The Richter scale is designed to measure large earthquakes that can be detected by seismographs located far away from the epicenter.
To summarize, the Richter scale estimates the total energy released from an earthquake, determines an earthquake's magnitude based on the size of its seismic waves, and measures large earthquakes far from the seismograph. It is a useful tool for understanding and categorizing the power of earthquakes.
outline the negative impact of drought on the farmers of South Africa
Drought is a severe and prolonged period of below-average precipitation that can have significant negative impacts on the agricultural sector, especially in countries like South Africa, where agriculture plays a crucial role in the economy. Here are some of the negative impacts of drought on farmers in South Africa:
Crop failure: Drought conditions can lead to severe crop failure, which can result in lower yields, reduced income, and food shortages. The lack of rainfall can cause the soil to dry out, making it difficult for crops to grow and survive.Livestock deaths: Drought can lead to the depletion of grazing land, lack of water, and poor animal health, leading to livestock deaths. This can cause significant losses for farmers who rely on livestock for their livelihood.Financial losses: Drought can result in significant financial losses for farmers, who may have invested in crops or livestock that fail to thrive in dry conditions. Farmers may also incur additional expenses, such as the cost of transporting water to their farms.Water scarcity: Drought can lead to water scarcity, making it difficult for farmers to irrigate their crops or provide water for their livestock. This can lead to further losses and even force farmers to abandon their land.Food insecurity: Drought can lead to food insecurity, especially in rural areas where many people rely on agriculture for their food and income. This can lead to malnutrition and other health issues.In summary, drought can have significant negative impacts on farmers in South Africa, leading to crop failure, livestock deaths, financial losses, water scarcity, and food insecurity. These impacts can have long-lasting effects on the agricultural sector and the economy as a whole.
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Monopolist competition is seperated from pure of perfect competition by......
-
-profit motive
-product differentiation
-inadequate competition
-oligopolies
Monopolistic competition is separated from pure or perfect competition by product differentiation.
In a monopolistically competitive market, firms produce differentiated products, which means that each firm has some degree of market power to charge a slightly higher price than competitors. This differs from perfect competition, where all firms produce identical products and have no market power.
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Monopolistic competition is separated from pure or perfect competition by product differentiation. In pure or perfect competition, all firms in the market produce homogenous goods and have no control over the price.
On the other hand, monopolistic competition has firms that produce slightly different products, and they have a certain level of control over the price of their products. This is because consumers may be willing to pay more for a particular product, even if it is similar to another.
Moreover, in monopolistic competition, firms have a profit motive, which drives them to produce the best possible product and to be efficient in their production. Inadequate competition and oligopolies are characteristics of other market structures such as monopolies and oligopolies, respectively.
In conclusion, product differentiation is the main characteristic that distinguishes monopolistic competition from pure or perfect competition. This differentiation allows firms to have some control over price and to strive for profits, which is not the case in pure or perfect competition.
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The amount of uniformity in the size of rock or sediment particles is called
The amount of uniformity in the size of rock or sediment particles is known as the sorting.
Sorting is an important characteristic of sedimentary rocks as it helps geologists understand the depositional environment and the processes that took place during the formation of the rock. Sedimentary rocks that have well-sorted particles indicate that they were deposited in an environment with steady currents, where the particles were transported and deposited uniformly based on their size.
On the other hand, sedimentary rocks with poorly sorted particles indicate that they were deposited in an environment with varying currents, where particles of different sizes were deposited in the same location. Sorting can also be used to determine the energy level of the environment where the sediment was deposited. High energy environments, such as fast-flowing rivers or strong ocean currents, will cause the particles to become more poorly sorted, while low energy environments such as lakes or quiet ocean bays will result in better sorted particles.
Therefore, the degree of sorting can provide important clues about the past environments in which the sedimentary rock was formed.
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The concentration of volcanoes and earthquakes along the plate boundaries of the pacific plate form an area of increased tectonic activity, called:
The concentration of volcanoes and earthquakes along the plate boundaries of the Pacific Plate form an area of increased tectonic activity called the Pacific Ring of Fire.
This area spans the Pacific Ocean, including the coasts of Asia, Australia, and the Americas. The Ring of Fire is a result of the interaction between several tectonic plates that make up the Earth's crust. The Pacific Plate, which is one of the largest plates, is responsible for much of the activity in the Ring of Fire. As the plate moves, it creates tension and pressure, which can lead to volcanic eruptions and earthquakes.
The Ring of Fire is also home to some of the world's most active and dangerous volcanoes, such as Mount Fuji in Japan and Mount St. Helens in the United States. The increased tectonic activity in the Ring of Fire poses a significant threat to the people and infrastructure in the surrounding areas.
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A formal culture region differs from other regions in that it…
A) has a focal point or node
B) is one that people believe exists
C) has a selected feature or internal uniformity
D) does not contain gradations such as core, domain, and sphere
E) applies only to linguistic and religion regions I NEED THIS NOW PLEASE ANSWER ILL MAKE BRAINLIEST AND 23 POINTS
Answer: A) has a focal point or node
A formal culture region is a geographical area inhabited by people who have one or more cultural traits in common, such as:
language,religion,or ethnicity.The defining characteristic of a formal culture region is that it has a focal point or node, which is the area of greatest concentration of a particular cultural trait or set of traits. This focal point serves as the core of the culture region and radiates outwards, with the intensity of the cultural traits diminishing as one moves away from the core.
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The Sun Unit Review Practice
6 of 6Items
Item 6
Select the correct answer from the list. (2 points)
During the low point in the sun's 11-year cycle, the
field lines up with the poles, resulting in
sunspots. At the peak of the solar cycle,
sunspots tend to form. During that phase of the solar cycle, intense bursts of radiation cause
. This often occurs with coronal mass ejections, which are
from the sun
what word fit in the blanks PLEASE HELP
Answer:
During the low point in the sun's 11-year cycle, the magnetic field lines up with the poles, resulting in fewer sunspots. At the peak of the solar cycle, sunspots tend to form. During that phase of the solar cycle, intense bursts of radiation cause solar flares. This often occurs with coronal mass ejections, which are powerful eruptions from the sun.
Sunspots form when the magnetic field aligns with the poles at the lowest point of the sun's 11-year cycle. Sunspots typically develop during the height of the solar cycle. Solar flares are produced during that period of the solar cycle by powerful radiation bursts. This frequently happens with coronal mass ejections, which are solar flares that release large amounts of energy.
What is the solar cycle?
A cycle known as the solar cycle occurs once every 11 years on average in the sun's magnetic field. Our sun is a huge ball of hot, electrically charged gas. There is a strong magnetic field produced when this charged gas flows. The magnetic field of the sun goes through a cycle known as the "solar cycle."
Why do magnetic fields exist?
The magnetic field is the region where a magnetic substance or a moving electric charge experiences the effects of magnetism. a picture of the magnetic field and how the magnetic force is distributed both inside and outside of a magnetic object.
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Which particles of sediment are most likely to be transported as suspended load?
A. Small, low density particles
B. Pebbles of average density
C. Sand and gravel of relatively high density
D. Dissolved ions in solution
E. All of these
Answer:
A
Explanation:
The particles of sediment that are most likely to be transported as suspended load are small, low-density particles. These particles have a small enough size and low enough density to be easily carried along by the flow of water or air without settling out too quickly.
Pebbles of average density (Option B) are too large and heavy to be transported as suspended load. Instead, they are typically transported as bed load or rolled along the bottom of a river or stream.
Sand and gravel of relatively high density (Option C) can be transported as suspended load in very fast-moving water, such as during floods or other high-energy events. However, they are more likely to be transported as bed load.
Dissolved ions in solution (Option D) are not considered sediment and are transported as part of the water itself, not as suspended load.
Therefore, the correct answer is Option A: small, low density particles.
Why are silicate minerals the most common minerals in the crust?.
Silicate minerals are the most common minerals in the Earth's crust because they are formed from the most abundant elements in the crust: oxygen and silicon.
Silicon is the second most abundant element in the Earth's crust after oxygen, and it is found in various forms, including as a component of silicate minerals.
Silicate minerals are compounds that contain both oxygen and silicon, as well as other elements such as aluminum, iron, magnesium, and calcium. They form through a process called crystallization, which occurs when molten rock or magma cools and solidifies.
Silicate minerals are also very versatile and can be found in a wide range of geological formations, from volcanic rocks to sedimentary rocks.
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________ waves travel the fastest of energy waves produced by earthquakes and can travel through ______, whereas ____- waves are slower and can travel through ______.-theory
Primary waves travel the fastest of energy waves produced by earthquakes and can travel through solids, liquids or gases, whereas Secondary waves are slower and can travel through solids only.
The waves that can pass through the earth's strata are body waves. They are the first waves that seismographs can record because they are the fastest waves. All states of matter, such as molten lava and rocks, are permeable to body waves. The earliest waves that reach a seismograph are known as P waves, or primary waves. The fastest seismic waves, known as P waves, may pass through solid, liquid, or gas. On the medium they pass through, they leave a trail of compressions and rarefactions. The second waves to come during an earthquake are called S waves, or secondary waves.
Seismic waves are the energy waves that go through the ground and are responsible for earthquakes and other related occurrences. Seismic waves come in two varieties: body waves and surface waves.
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Can you help me with this?
In The Boy Who Harnessed the Wind;
A: Access to clean water was resolved by the windmill-powered irrigation system
C: Community adopts new technologies and innovative ideas instead of traditional methods
D: Drought caused the corn to wither and die
E; Environmental degradation and Deforestation was resolved when villagers adopted more sustainable practices.
F: Funeral of the dad left the sons to work harder without a mentor
G: Gender inequality and limited opportunities for women were issues for women in the village.
I: Inadequate healthcare and medical facilities were detrimental to the health of villagers.
L: Lack of education and resources caused William Kamkwamba self-educate.
P; Poverty and limited job opportunities were resolved by William's success. He inspired others to pursue their own innovative solutions.
R: Resistance from the community and family ended when William proved the effectiveness of his invention.
W: William builds a windmill to generate electricity for the village.
What happed in The Boy Who Harnessed the Wind?
"The Boy Who Harnessed the Wind" tells the story of William Kamkwamba, a young Malawian boy who, amidst severe drought and famine, educates himself and builds a windmill from scrap materials.
The windmill generates electricity and powers an irrigation system, providing his village with water, electricity, and hope.
The film showcases the power of determination, innovation, and community in overcoming adversity.
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what precautions can be implemented to reduce the impact of freddy cyclone refer to the local residents
Some precautions that local residents can take to reduce the impact of Freddy cyclone are:
EvacuateSecure your homeStock up on suppliesStay indoorsWhat are the precautions?In the event of an evacuation advisory or mandate from the authorities, it is essential to comply with their directives and promptly relocate to a secure area. Keep up-to-date with the developments of the storm from reliable sources.
To ensure your home's safety, it is recommended to secure all entrances and exits such as windows and doors, and to also avoid leaving any items outside that could potentially become dangerous projectiles during bouts of intense winds.
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Pls help No rush but the quicker the better
Sea arches and sea stacks provide evidence of weathering and erosion. In three to five sentences, explain the roles weathering and erosion play in creating these landforms and how deposition is involved in shaping the shorelines
Weathering and erosion aid in the creation of these sea arches by dispersing the pieces and preventing stones from falling.
Sandstone arches and polished cliffs braced against furious waves are examples of natural wonders created and revealed as a result of erosion's aid in the passage of the pieces. Longshore drift, the process by which sand and silt are moved down the coast, results in deposition along the shore. Sand and silt buildup results in coastal features like spits, which are lengthy landforms that stretch from the coast into the entrance of a nearby bay.
When it comes to molding and disintegrating rocks, weathering may be compared to a mechanical and chemical hammer. The geological processes of weathering and erosion are responsible for the movement of rock pieces and particles, and they also play a significant role in the creation of landforms.
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What forces have helped shape plant life in Africa South of the Sahara?
(Long answers would be great,I have a section of an essay due on this question)
There are many forces that have helped shape plant life in Africa south of the Sahara, including climate, geology, fire, and human activities.
Climate: The climate of Africa south of the Sahara is characterized by a tropical and subtropical climate, with distinct wet and dry seasons. This climate has led to the evolution of many different types of plants, including drought-resistant grasses, succulent plants, and deciduous trees.
Geology: The geology of the region has also influenced plant life. The high levels of volcanic activity have produced nutrient-rich soils that support a diverse range of plant life.
Fire: Fire is a natural part of the African savanna ecosystem, and many plants have adapted to survive regular fires. For example, some trees have thick bark that protects them from fire, while others have developed the ability to resprout from their roots after a fire.
Human activities: Human activities, such as agriculture and deforestation, have also had a significant impact on plant life in the region. Many native plant species have been replaced by crops and non-native species, and large areas of forest have been cleared for agriculture and settlement.
Overall, these and other factors have contributed to the rich and diverse plant life found in Africa south of the Sahara
Answer:
Saharan vegetation is generally sparse, with scatt3d concentrations of grasses, shrubs, and tress in the highlands, in oasis depressions, some heat and drought-tolerant grasses, herbs, small shrubs, and trees and found on the less well watered plains and plateaus of the Sahara.
The area behind an island arc that develops a spreading center and rifts is a(n) ______. multiple choice question.
The area behind an island arc that develops a spreading center and rifts is an back-arc basin.
A specific kind of geologic basin called a back-arc basin can be found at several convergent plate borders. Back-arc basins are now all underwater landforms connected to island arcs and subduction zones, with many of them being located in the western Pacific Ocean. The majority of them are the consequence of tensional pressures brought on by the oceanic trench rollback process, in which a subduction zone shifts in the direction of the subducting plate.
Back-arc basins are found in regions where the oceanic crust subducting plate is very ancient. Asymmetric seafloor spreading distinguishes back-arc basins from typical mid-ocean ridges, however this can vary greatly even within a same basin.
Therefore, option C is the correct answer.
The complete question is, "The area behind an island arc that develops a spreading center and rifts is a(n) ______.
A. Barrier Island
B. Microcontinental islands
C. Back-arc basin
D. Volcanic island arc
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One reason why superimposed drainage does not change it's course
A river or stream cutting through existing rock strata to create a new route for the water to travel is referred to as superimposed drainage. When the land's surface is raised or when the river's base level falls, this process can take place.
Unless there is a considerable change in the topography, a river or stream is unlikely to change its course once it has made a new passage through the rock strata. This is due to the fact that the structure and makeup of the rock strata, as well as the slope of the ground, both affect the river's course. Even while the river could wash away the rocks over time, it is unlikely that it will alter its path until the slope or make-up of the terrain significantly changes.
For instance, if the ground falls or is elevated, the land's slope may vary, changing the river's flow. The river, even if it is overlaid on top of preexisting rock strata, is likely to continue running along its established course if the ground is stable.
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Have you hit the jackpot yet for your goal lol... nope you haven't.
answer this question and earn 100pts.
what time is it where you live?
It is currently 8:15 PM where I live. I live in the Eastern Standard Time zone, which is five hours behind Greenwich Mean Time.
We observe Daylight Saving Time in the summer, so the time changes to four hours behind GMT during that time. Daylight Saving Time begins in the spring, usually in March, and ends in November.
During this time, the clocks are turned forward an hour to make the most of the longer days. Clocks go back an hour in the fall when Daylight Saving Time ends. I always make sure to adjust my clocks accordingly when Daylight Saving Time begins and ends.
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president biden designated two new national monuments this week. which states are they in?
Answer:
Nevada and Texas.
Explanation:
According to Smithsonian Magazine, “Last week, President Joe Biden established two new national monuments: Avi Kwa Ame National Monument in Nevada and Castner Range National Monument in Texas, which encompass a combined 514,000 acres of protected public lands.”
Which proccess mainly occurs in the gizzard of an earth worm?.
Grinding of food particles process mainly occurs in the gizzard of an earth worm.
An earthworm's gizzard is an organ that is situated between the oesophagus and the gut. It has strong, muscular walls and is filled with tiny sand and gravel fragments that help food grind as it goes through. Mastication, the act of breaking down food into tiny pieces so that earthworms can absorb the necessary nutrients, is crucial for earthworms.
Additionally, the gizzard aids in the digestion process by combining food particles and the earthworm's digestive juices. The gizzard's muscles contract and relax in a wave-like pattern, which aids in moving food through the digestive tract. Peristalsis is the term for this action.
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the drought in Nelson mandela Bay is impacting negatively on these region
Answer:
Yes, the drought in Nelson Mandela Bay is having several negative impacts on the region. Some of these impacts include:
Water scarcity: The drought has led to a shortage of water in the region, which has resulted in rationing and restrictions on water usage.
Economic impact: The region relies heavily on agriculture, which has been adversely affected by the drought. This has led to reduced crop yields, job losses, and a decline in the local economy.
Health impact: The lack of water has also affected public health in the region. The shortage of water has made it difficult to maintain hygiene, which has increased the risk of water-borne diseases such as cholera and typhoid.
Environmental impact: The drought has also had an impact on the environment in the region. The lack of rainfall has led to a decline in vegetation and wildlife, as well as an increase in soil erosion.
if the composition of the upper atmosphere were altered to permit a greater amount of terrestrial radiation to escape, earth would be group of answer choices quite unaffected. warmer. cooler. none of the above
Earth would be warmer if changes were made to the upper atmosphere's chemical makeup to allow more terrestrial radiation to escape. Option 2 is Correct.
Earth's thermal energy, which manifests as infrared waves, is known as terrestrial radiation. The temperature on Earth would drop as a result of heat loss if the composition of the atmosphere were altered to allow more terrestrial radiation to escape.
Methane, ozone, nitrous oxide, and water vapour are a few of them. Earth would be an ice wasteland if there were no greenhouse gases. By retaining a portion of the heat energy that would otherwise escape into space, greenhouse gases make our world habitable. Option 2 is Correct.
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Correct Question:
If the composition of the upper atmosphere were altered to permit a greater amount of terrestrial radiation to escape, earth would be group of answer choices
1. quite unaffected.
2. warmer.
3. cooler.
4. none of the above.
How does rainfall affect climate and vegetation in Latin America?
what sort of history do we have here? below the unconformity we observed rocks that were strongly deformed, metamorphosed, and partially molten; these things all occur deep within the crust. above the unconformity, we see typical sedimentary rocks that reflect a changing landscape at the surface. using what we've observed and what you know about different rocks, create a logical sequence of events for the great unconformity.
We can find typical sedimentary rocks above the unconformity, which are indicative of the area's history as shifting topography.
The deviation Strongly deformed, metamorphosed, and partly molten rocks were among the phenomena we saw; these occurrences all take place deep inside the crust. Create a plausible timeline of what happened to cause the huge unconformity based on what we have seen so far and your knowledge of the various rocks.
In contrast to metamorphic and igneous rocks, which are generated deep beneath the Earth, sedimentary rocks are formed on or around the surface of the planet. Erosion, weathering, dissolution, precipitation, and lithification are the main geological processes that result in the formation of sedimentary rocks.
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Correct Question:
Passage: Below the unconformity we observed rocks that were strongly deformed, metamorphosed, and partially molten; these things all occur deep within the crust. above the unconformity, we see typical sedimentary rocks that reflect a changing landscape at the surface. using what we've observed and what you know about different rocks, create a logical sequence of events for the great unconformity.
what sort of history do we have here?
who called mammoth cave home
Answer: Senator Barkley
Explanation:
To produce a commercially viable oil deposit, there must be a source rock, a reservoir rock, a seal rock, and a(n) ________.group of answer choices igneous heater rock that heats the oil and gives it buoyancy large fracture connecting the reservoir rock to the surface of the earth trap that denies the oil passage to the surface porous filter rock that removes impurities
To produce a commercially viable oil deposit, there must be a source rock, a reservoir rock, a seal rock, and a trap. It denies the oil passage to the surface. The trap is necessary to keep the oil contained within the reservoir rock and prevent it from escaping to the surface.
The source rock is where the oil is formed and the reservoir rock is where it accumulates. The seal rock is impermeable and prevents the oil from migrating out of the reservoir. The presence of all four components is necessary for the formation and retention of a commercially viable oil deposit.
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To produce a commercially viable oil deposit, there must be a source rock, a reservoir rock, a seal rock, and a trap that denies the oil passage to the surface.
The source rock is typically a sedimentary rock rich in organic materials, which under heat and pressure, generate hydrocarbons like oil and gas. The reservoir rock is a porous and permeable rock that stores the hydrocarbons, allowing them to flow through its interconnected pore spaces. Common reservoir rocks include sandstones and limestones.
The seal rock is an impermeable layer that prevents the hydrocarbons from escaping and migrating to the surface. Seal rocks, often made of shale or mudstone, create a barrier that keeps the hydrocarbons within the reservoir rock. Lastly, the trap is a crucial geological feature that stops the oil from reaching the surface. Various types of traps can be found, including structural traps (formed by deformation, such as folds and faults) and stratigraphic traps (created by changes in rock properties like permeability).
Together, these elements make up a complete petroleum system, which is necessary for the formation of a commercially viable oil deposit. Without any of these components, the oil may not accumulate in significant quantities, or it may not be economically feasible to extract it.
Therefore the correct answer is a trap that denies the oil passage to the surface.
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