Answer:
105 kips
Explanation:
Determine the factored bearing deformation strength per bolt
we can determine this using the relationship below
Bearing deformation strength = C * Area * Fl --------- ( 1 )
Fl = factored load = 100 kips
Area ( bearing area ) = diameter of bolt * thickness of end plate
= 0.875 * 0.5 = 0.4375 in^2
C = 2.4 ( constant for bolt holes not drilled at edges )
back to equation 1
2.4 * 0.4375 * 100
= 105 kips
What is the difference between cinema and theatre ?? I want the difference
Answer:
The main difference between theatre and cinema is that theatre involves live performances like plays, opera, ballet, and musical theatre, while cinema involves films.
Theatre is a building or outdoor area that houses dramatic presentations, and stage entertainments. In British English, cinema refers to a building that contains an auditorium for viewing films – this is equivalent for movie theatre in American English.
Explanation:
Similarities between theatre and movies
Both movies and theatre focus on social evils and problems and represent them to society through play and cinema. In both, the purpose of the cases is to bring positive changes in society. ...
Both theater plays and movies are forms of entertainment that allow an audience to enter different worlds. ...
Both theater plays and movies are forms of entertainment
Answer:
Theatre typically involves live performances, while cinema usually contains a moving picture that is prerecorded or premade and being projected.
Examples of theatre include:
BalletsPlaysMusicalsExamples of cinema include:
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The moist weight of 0.2 ft3 of a soil is 23 lb. The moisture content and the specific gravity of the soil solids are determined in the laboratory to be 11% and 2.7, respectively. Calculate the following:
a. Moist unit weight (lb/ft3)
b. Dry unit weight (lb/ft3)
c. Void ratio
d. Porosity
e. Degree of saturation (%)
f. Volume occupied by water (ft3)
In the given question, Moist unit weight = 115lbs/ft³, Dry unit weight = 103.6 lbs/ft³, Void ratio = 0.626, Porosity = 0.385 and Degree of saturation = 47.4%
What is Porosity?Porosity, also known as void fraction, is a measure of the void (i.e., "empty") spaces in a material. It ranges from 0 to 1, or as a percentage, between 0% and 100%, and represents the volume of voids over the total volume. Some tests, strictly speaking, measure the "accessible void," or the total volume of void space that is reachable from the surface (cf. closed-cell foam).
Porosity in a substance or part can be tested in a variety of ways, including through industrial CT scanning. The word "porosity" is used in a variety of disciplines, including pharmaceutics, ceramics, metallurgy, materials, manufacturing, petrophysics, hydrology, earth sciences, soil mechanics, and engineering.
a. Moist unit weight
W/V = 23/0.2 = 115lbs/ft³.
b. Dry unit weight
89℅ of 115 = 103.6 lbs/ft³
c. Void ratio = volume of void/ volume of total sample
= (2.7 × 62.4)/103.6
= 0.626
d. Porosity = 0.626/1+0.626
= 0.385
e. Degree of saturation = 47.4%
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What is the difference between contact relay and communication relay
Answer: The main difference between contact relays and communication relays is the type of signals that they are designed to handle, with contact relays being used to control the flow of electricity in a circuit and communication relays being used to transmit data or signals from one location to another.
Explanation: The main difference between contact relays and communication relays is the type of signals that they are designed to handle. Contact relays are used to control the flow of electricity in a circuit by opening and closing electrical contacts, while communication relays are used to transmit data or signals from one location to another.Contact relays are typically used in applications where it is necessary to switch electrical circuits on and off, such as in control panels and automated systems. They are usually designed to handle relatively low-frequency electrical signals and are typically not suitable for transmitting data or high-frequency signals.On the other hand, communication relays are used to transmit data or signals from one location to another, and are typically designed to handle a wide range of frequencies and data types. They can be used to transmit voice, data, and video signals over a variety of mediums, including wire, fiber optic cables, and wireless transmission.
The angle grinder disc is turned at speeds that range from 5000 to rpm.
The angle grinder disc is turned at speeds that range from 5000 to 12,000 rpm.
What is an angle grinder?
An angle grinder is a tool for rough grinding and cutting. An angle grinder tool with the correct disc can replace a variety of instruments, making even the most time-consuming and labor-intensive tasks faster and easier.
The term rpm refers to the number of times per minute that something will go around in a circle. The term rpm stands for revolutions per minute.' Both engines were set at 2,500 rpm.
Therefore, the angle grinder disc is spun at speeds ranging from 5000 to 12,000 revolutions per minute.
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A rigid pavement on a new interstate with 3 lanes in each direction has been conservatively designed with a 12-inch slab, an Ec of 5.5 million psi, a concrete modulus of rupture of 700 psi, a load transfer coefficient of 3.0, an initial PSI of 4.5, and a TSI of 2.5. The overall standard deviation is 0.35, the modulus of subgrade reaction is 290 lb/in3, and the drainage coefficient is 0.9. The pavement was designed for 600 30-kip tandem axles per day and 1400 20-kip single axle loads per day total for all 3 lanes. If the desired reliability is 90%, how long will the pavement last in years
The pavement will last between 41 and 50 years with a reliability of 90%.
A road surface, also known as pavement, is a durable surface material that is laid down on an area intended to support vehicular or pedestrian traffic, such as a road or walkway.
First, calculate the number of equivalent single axle loads (ESALS):
ESALS = 600*30 + 1400*20 = 55600.
Next, calculate the design life (L) using the formula: L =
(ESALS/18000)^(1/TSI) * (Ec/PSI)^(-1/2*SD).
Plugging in the values,
L = (55600/18000)^(1/2.5) * (5.5 x 10^6/4.5)^(-1/0.7) = 41.8.
Lastly, calculate the reliability (R) using the formula:
R = (1-LT^(-1/2))*100.
Calculating for a pavement life of 41 years and 50 years gives a reliability of 90% for both values.
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Consider the velocity field v={−4yti+2xtj}m/s for the following parts
The velocity field isn't conservative, though.
What exactly is Velocity ?
Velocity is the direction at which an item is moving and serves as a measure of the rate at which its location is changing as seen from a particular point of view and as measured by a specific unit of time (for example, 60 km/h northbound). In kinematics, the area of classical physics that deals with the motion of bodies, speed is a basic idea.
A physical scalar quantity called velocity must have both a magnitude and a direction in order to be characterized. Speed is the scalar absolute value (intensity) of velocity; it is a coherent basic determinant whose quantity is measured in metres per second (m/s or m/s1) in the SI (measurement units).
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It is desired to develop a strong Aluminum-based alloy with a shear strength on the order of G/100 by precipitation hardening, where G is the shear modulus. Calculate the necessary precipitate spacing, and estimate the required percentage of the precipitate phase. Assume that the precipitate phase consists of spherical particles of radius of R=40 nm with centers uniformly distributed in simple cubic lattice. Does it matter whether the precipitates strain the matrix locally around the interface or not?
Answer:
a) L = 50.01 nm
b) 99.98%
Explanation:
Determine the necessary precipitate spacing and estimate the required percentage of precipitate phase
Given that the shear strength = G/100 by precipitation hardening
G = shear modulus
Radius of particles = 40 nm
attached below is the detailed solution
a) precipitate spacing ( L ) = √( 2π / f ) * R₁
= √ ( 2π / 0.00719956 ) * 1.693 nm
hence L = 50.01 nm
b) Determine The percentage of precipitate phase that is required
( precipitation strength / peak strength ) * 100
= ( 18.4583 / 18.4604 ) * 100
= 99.98%
What are the two major grains found on ALL lumber?
The two major grains found on all lumber are the longitudinal grain and the radial grain.
The longitudinal grain runs parallel to the length of the board, while the radial grain runs perpendicular to the length of the board.
What is the Longitudinal Grain?The longitudinal grain, also known as the "edge grain," runs parallel to the length of the board.
This grain is created by the growth rings of the tree, which are formed by the tree's annual growth.
When a tree is cut down and milled into lumber, the edge grain is exposed on the edges of the board. This grain is typically considered to be the strongest and most stable of the two grains.
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There are initially 500 rabbits (x) and 200 foxes (y) on Farmer Oat’s property near Riça, Jofostan. Use Polymath or MATLAB to plot the concentration of foxes and rabbits as a function of time for a period of up to 500 days. The predator–prey relationships are given by the following set of coupled ordinary differential equations:
dx/dt= k1x-k2x. Y
dy/dt= k3x. Y-k4y
Constant for growth of rabbits k1 = 0. 02
Constant for death of rabbits k2 = 0. 00004/(day × no. Of foxes)
Constant for growth of foxes after eating rabbits k3 = 0. 0004/(day × no. Of rabbits)
Constant for death of foxes k4 = 0. 04 What do your results look like for the case of k3 = 0. 00004/(day × no. Of rabbits) and tfinal = 800 days?
Also, plot the number of foxes versus the number of rabbits. Explain why the curves look
The curves look like a sine wave, with the number of rabbits and foxes both oscillating around a steady-state equilibrium. The presence of the constants for growth and death of both rabbits and foxes.
What is curves?
Curves is an international fitness franchise targeting women. It offers a 30-minute workout that combines strength training, cardio, and stretching. The circuit-style program is designed to help members reach their fitness goals while providing a supportive, non-threatening environment. The program also includes nutrition counseling, wellness education, and support from certified coaches.
This is because the predator-prey relationships in this system are cyclical, with the fox population increasing as the rabbit population increases, and vice versa.
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Tech A says that both caution and danger signs indicate a potentially hazardous situation. Tech B says that an exhaust extraction hose is not needed if the vehicle is only going to run for a few minutes. Who is correct
According to the question of vehicle which is only going to run for a few minutes, tech A is correct.
What is vehicle?
Vehicles are any mode of transportation that can be used on land, sea, or air. They are an important part of modern transportation and include cars, trucks, buses, motorcycles, boats, trains, and airplanes. They provide an efficient way to travel, while also allowing people to transport goods and materials. Vehicles are powered by a variety of sources, including gas and electricity. Advanced technology has allowed for the development of self-driving vehicles, which are becoming increasingly popular.
Caution and danger signs indicate a potentially hazardous situation, and an exhaust extraction hose should be used whenever a vehicle is running, regardless of how long it is running for.
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For the systems described by the following equations, with the input x (t) and output y(t), determine which of the systems are linear and which are nonlinear. Dy / dt + 2y (t) = x2 (t) dy / dt + 3ty (t) = t2 x (t) 3y (t) + 2 = x (t) dy / dt + y2 (t) = x (t) (dy / dt )2 + 2y (t) = x (t) dy / dt + (sin t) y (t) = dx / dt + 2x (i) dy / dt + 2y (t) = x (t) dx / dt y (t) = f 1 -infinity x (tau) d tau
The first equation is linear, the second equation is nonlinear, the third equation is nonlinear, the fourth equation is nonlinear, the fifth equation is nonlinear, and the sixth equation is nonlinear.
What is equation?
An equation is an expression that contains an equal sign and relates two or more mathematical quantities. It typically consists of constants, variables, and symbols, and can be written in different forms such as standard form, slope-intercept form, and factored form. Equations are used to describe relationships between variables, and they can be used to solve a wide range of problems, from basic arithmetic to advanced calculus and physics. Equations are also used to model real-world phenomena, such as electricity, kinematics, and quantum mechanics. By studying equations and their solutions, we can gain a deeper understanding of the physical world around us.
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Which of the following statements explain the difference between a diesel electrician and a diesel mechanic?
Option A. A diesel electrician works on the electrical systems of diesel engines, while a diesel mechanic works on the mechanical systems of diesel engines.
This means that the electrician focuses on the wiring, electronics, and computer systems, while the mechanic focuses on the engine parts, fuel systems, and other components.Differences Between Diesel Electricians and Diesel MechanicsA diesel electrician focuses on the wiring, electronics, and computer systems of diesel engines, while a diesel mechanic is responsible for the engine parts, fuel systems, and other components.
The electrician is trained in the electrical systems of diesel engines, and is able to diagnose, troubleshoot and repair any electrical issues. The mechanic, on the other hand, is responsible for maintaining, troubleshooting, and repairing the mechanical systems of diesel engines. This includes the engine parts, fuel systems, and other components.Both positions require a specific set of skills, and both are necessary to ensure the efficient functioning of diesel engines.
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5 Systems Modeling
es / SPE(2201 / General / Business System Modelling CAT
2. Business Process Modelling is important to a business due to the following advantages except:
(2 marks)
O a. None of the above
h
O b. Enhances Customization of Business Processes
O c Enhances Competitive advantage
O d. Enhances Process Communication
age
Next pag
Answer: None of the above
Explanation:
Business process modeling refers to the graphical representation of the business processes of a company, which is vital in the identification of potential improvements.
Business pticess modelling can be done through graphing methods, like data-flow diagram, flowchart etc. It is vital as business managers can effectively and quickly communicate their ideas.
It also enhances the customization of business processes, enhances the competitive advantage and enhances the process communication as well.
Therefore, the answer to the question will be "None of the above".
A catapult has two rubber bands, each with a square cross-section with a width 4 mm and length 300 mm. In use its arms are stretched to three times their original length before release. Assume the the modulus of rubber is 10-3 GPa and that it does not change when the rubber is stretched. How much energy is stored in the catapult just before release?
The energy stored in the two rubber bands of the catapult just before release can be calculated as follows: Area of Rubber Bands = (4 mm) x (300 mm) = 1200 mm2, Modulus of Rubber = 10-3 GPa = 10,000 N/mm2 Strain = (3 x Original Length) / (Original Length) = Energy = (1200 mm2) x (10,000 N/mm2) x (3) = 36,000,000 Nmm or 36,000 J
What is energy?Energy is the capacity of a physical system to do work or produce heat. It is the fundamental source of virtually all movement and change on Earth. In physics, energy is a property of objects which can be transferred to other objects or converted into different forms. Examples of energy include light, electricity, heat, sound, and kinetic energy. Energy can be generated from a variety of sources including fossil fuels, nuclear power, and renewable sources such as wind, solar, and hydropower. Energy plays a crucial role in the economic and social development of societies, enabling the production of goods and services and the delivery of basic services such as heating, cooling, and lighting. The efficient and responsible use of energy is essential to sustainable development.
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A stall occurs when the smooth airflow over the unmanned airplane`s wing is disrupted, and the lift degenerates rapidly. This is caused when the wing
A stall happens when the smooth airflow over the unmanned airplane`s wing is disrupted, and the lift degenerates rapidly. This is caused when the wing "exceeds its critical angle of attack."
The angle of attack refers to the angle at which the airplane's wing meets the air that is flowing over it. When an airplane actually is taking off, it is lifting the nose up into the air. And, if that nose continues to rise ultimately it reaches a point where the air is not able to smoothly flow over the wing, causing the airplane to drop. And, this is the point when the airplane exceeds its critical angle of attack.
Exceeding the critical angle of attack is known to be a stall. This has no concern with the engine stalling, it just concerns with the wings not producing enough lift to keep the airplane in the air.
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Technician A says it is your duty to fight a fire to the death to save property. Technician B says do not fight a fire unless you can do so safely. Who is correct
Tech B is correct, as the firefighters should not risk their lives unless they can do so safely.
What is a Firefighter?
A firefighter, also known as a fireman, is a highly trained individual who works to fight and extinguish fires. They also work to prevent fires, serve as emergency medical technicians (EMT), and investigate fire causes.
Because a firefighter is almost always the first official "on the scene" of a fire, car accident, or other emergency, they are sometimes referred to as "first responders." Some firefighters work as professionals, while others volunteer in their communities.
There are four primary responsibilities and duties: putting out fires, rescuing and caring for the sick and injured, working to prevent future fires, and investigating the causes of fires, particularly if arson is suspected.
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In a single-family residence, a line-voltage thermostat is primarily used to control _____.
Answer:
In a single-family residence, a line-voltage thermostat is primarily used to control heating and cooling systems.
Tech A says that all hazards can be removed from a shop. Tech B says that you should disconnect an air gun before inspecting it. Who is correct
According to the question of disconnecting an air gun before inspection, tech B is correct.
What is gun?
Gun is a type of weapon that is typically used to fire bullets at a target. It is typically composed of a barrel, a chamber, a firing mechanism, and ammunition. Guns have been used for centuries as a tool for hunting, self-defense, and warfare. Guns are typically categorized by the type of ammunition they use, such as pistol, shotgun, or rifle. Guns can be used to shoot at a variety of targets, such as animals, clay pigeons, and even human targets. Guns are also used in competitive shooting sports. Although guns can be used for a variety of purposes, they have the
Although it is not possible to completely remove all hazards from a shop, it is important to take precautions such as disconnecting an air gun before inspecting it to help reduce the risk of injury.
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The section is experiencing a positive bending moment about the z-axis, where Mz = 1.13 kN-m. What is the resulting stress at the top and bottom surfaces? And are they in tension or compression?
The resulting stress at the top and bottom surfaces is 837.5 N/m^2 and -837.5 N/m^2, respectively. The top surface is in compression and the bottom surface is in tension.
What is stress?
Stress in engineering is the amount of force per unit area placed on a material or structure. It can be physical, or it can be psychological. Stress can be positive or negative. Positive stress can cause a material to become stronger, while negative stress can cause it to become weaker or even fail. Stress can also refer to the amount of strain a material must endure before it yields or breaks. Stress is measured in terms of pounds per square inch (psi) or newtons per square meter (N/m2). Stress analysis is important in engineering as it helps to identify potential failure points in a design, or to determine how much a material can handle before it breaks. Stress analysis is used to ensure the safety and integrity of products, structures, and machines.
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What is geotechical investigation?
A geotechnical investigation is primarily concerned with testing the physical properties of the soil, to provide recommendations for foundation requirements, excavation stability, drainage and buried concrete design.
Answer:
Geotechnical investigation is: A surface exploration and subsurface exploration of a site.
Explanation:
What does Geotechnical investigation mean?
It's a primarily concerned with testing the physical properties of the soil, to provide recommendations for foundation requirements, excavation stability, drainage and buried concrete design.
Why Geotechnical is important?
It allow's Engineers to evaluate the stability and strength of the ground, including slopes and soil deposits, assess risks such as soil aggressivity to buried concrete, and help to determine what type of foundations and earthworks would be required within a (project) for example.
please i want to paraphrase this paragraph please helppppppppp don't skip!!!!!!
Tech A says that a safety data sheet (SDS) contains information on procedures to repair a vehicle. Tech B says that you only need an SDS after an accident occurs. Who is correct
According to the question of vehicle, tech B is correct.
What is vehicle?
Vehicle is a general term used to describe any mode of transportation that carries people or goods from one place to another. Examples of vehicles include cars, buses, boats, planes, trains, bicycles, and motorcycles. Vehicle is a noun that can refer to any type of transportation, either for people or for cargo. Vehicles are powered by various sources, such as fuel, electricity, pedals, or sails.
An SDS is used to document any hazardous materials that may have been released during an accident, as well as to provide instructions for cleaning up and disposing of the hazardous material. It does not provide instructions on how to repair a vehicle.
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The system ________ can communicate with each other and adjust system operation to match the heat load and operating conditions.
The system automatically can communicate with each other and adjust system operation to match the heat load and operating conditions.
What is system operation?
System operation is the process of managing, controlling, and monitoring the operations of a computer system or network. It encompasses the planning and implementation of system operations, including the coordination of hardware, software, and communication components. System operation includes activities such as system configuration, system monitoring, performance tuning, system backup, system recovery, and system maintenance. System operation ensures that the system or network is secure, reliable, and available to users. It also involves troubleshooting and responding to incidents, analyzing system performance, and identifying areas for improvement. System operation is critical to the success of any organization, as it ensures the availability, reliability, and security of the system or network.
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A 400-ft equal tangent sag vertical curve has its PVC at station 100 00 and elevation 450 ft. The initial grade is -4.0% and the final grade is 2.5%. Determine the elevation of the lowest point of the curve g
The elevation of lowest point of the curve is 445.077 ft.
What is elevation?Height above or below the mean sea level is referred to as elevation. A map's elevation can be depicted either by labelling the precise elevations of specific points or by using contour lines, which link points of the same elevation. Topographic maps are depicted as having elevations.
Calculate rate of change of the curve as below:
[tex]$$\begin{aligned}r & =\frac{g_2-g_1}{L} \\& =\frac{2.5-(-4.0)}{\left(\frac{400}{100}\right)} \\& =1.625 \%\end{aligned}$$[/tex]
Calculate distance from PC to the lowest point as below:
[tex]$$\begin{aligned}X & =\frac{-g_1}{r} \\& =\frac{-(-4.0 \%)}{1.625 \%} \\& =2.462 \mathrm{ft}\end{aligned}$$[/tex]
Calculate the elevation of the lowest point of the curve as below:
[tex]$$\begin{aligned}Y & =Y_{P C}+g_1 X+\frac{r}{2} X^2 \\& =450\mathrm{ft}+(-4.0 \times 2.462)+\frac{1.625}{2}(2.462)^2 \\& =450\mathrm{ft}-9.848 \mathrm{ft}+4.925 \mathrm{ft} \\& =\mathbf{445.077} \mathrm{ft}\end{aligned}$$[/tex]
Thus, the elevation of lowest point of the curve is 445.077ft.
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Which workplaces are common to both the Engineering and Technology pathway and the Science and Math pathway?
a) laboratories and ships
b) parks and radio stations
c) construction sites and zoos
d) offices and weather stations
The common workplace for both science and math pathways, with engineering and technology in laboratories and ships. Thus, option A is correct.
What is a workplace?A workplace is given as the location or the place at which the employee are performing their jobs and tasks.
The science or technology-mediated employees are related to research where they perform the tests in laboratories, as well as the ships are the location for the engineering and the math candidates for the analysis of the studies and to perform the job.
Hence, the location in the workplace common for both engineering and technology candidates has been the laboratories and the ships. Thus, option A is correct.
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Calculate LER for the same wing if we increase the span to 0. 245 m. By increasing the span, we also increase the glider weight to 0. 0523 newtons
The LER of the same wing is 0.21 using the chord values.
What is LER?In agriculture, the term "land equivalent ratio" refers to the proportion of land area needed for monoculture (single-crop farming) to yield the same amount of yield as intercropping (polyculture).
The FAO defines the land equivalent ratio (LER) as the ratio of the area used for sole cropping to the area used for intercropping in order to produce an equal amount of yield at the same management level. The result is the sole-crop yields multiplied by the sum of the intercropped yield fractions.
We must use a chord, so I'm assuming that it is 0.045 m in length.
The formula provides the Area.
Area = span × chord
Area = 0.245 × 0.045
Area = 0.011 m²
We then divide the area obtained by the glider weight we obtain the final result.
LER = area / weight
LER = 0.011 / 0.0523
LER = 0.21
As a result, the Lee of the same wing is 0.21 using the chord values.
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Verify that the indicated function y=ϕ(x)y=ϕ(x)
is an explicit solution of the given first-order differential
equation. By considering ϕϕ simply as a function, give its domain. Then by considering ϕϕ as a
solution of the differential equation, give at least one interval II of definition.
y′=25+y2;y=5tan5xy ′ =25+y 2 ;y=5tan5x
After considering ϕϕ simply as a function, its domain is ⇒ [-4 , ∞).
What is differential equation?When one or more functions and their derivatives are included in a mathematical equation, it is referred to as a differential equation. A function's derivatives at a given point determine how quickly the function will change.
Physicists, engineers, and biologists use it most frequently. Differential equations are primarily used to analyse solutions that satisfy the equations as well as the characteristics of the solutions. The differential equation can be solved in a variety of ways, but one of the simplest is by using explicit formulas.
y = x + 6√(x + 4)
⇒ y' = 1 + 6[ 1/(2√(x + 4))] since d/dx xn = nxn-1 , d/dx √x = 1/(2√x)
⇒ y' = 1 + 3/√(x + 4)
(y -x)y' = (6√(x + 4))(1 + 3/√(x + 4)) = 6√(x + 4) + 18
y-x+18 = 6√(x + 4) + 18
ϕ(x) = x + 6√(x + 4)
Domain ⇒ x + 4 >= 0 ⇒ x >= -4
⇒ Domain ⇒ [-4 , ∞)
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b)
State the essential difference between a plain carbon steel
and an alloy steel
Answer:
Plain carbon steel has no or trace external elements while alloy steel has high amount of other elements.
Explanation:
Plain carbon steel has no or trace amount of other elements while alloy steel has high amount of other elements in their composition.
The presence of other elements in alloy steel improvise several physical properties of the steel while plain carbon steel has the basic properties.
Raw sugar cane is taken into a process to create sugar, which is essentially sucrose. the raw cane is approximately 16% sucrose, 63% water, and the rest fiber by mass. juice from the cane is extracted by passing the cane through a series of crushers. about 5% extra mass of water is added to the sugar cane prior to this step to help in the extraction process. the crushed cane and liquid juice is sent to a filter press that creates a cake that contains 4% of the weight of the cane juice, which has a composition similar to the overall non-fiber content of the raw cane. the filtrate is sent to an evaporator where enough water is evaporated to obtain a pale yellow juice that is 41% water. A series of vacuum processes removes enough water without damaging the sugars until you obtain a solution that is 91% sucrose. At this point, the mixture is fed to a crystallizer to produce a final product of sucrose that is 97.8% crystal. You control the process by measuring the flowrate of the solution into the crystallizer using a manometer that has mercury as the working fluid. The open-ended manometer shows a mercury height difference of 6.3 inches, , while the height of the sucrose solution in the manometer between the mercury and the pipe is 15.3 in.
The flowrate of the mixture into the crystallizer is related to the pressure with the following equation:
q(m^3/s) = 0.0307 m^3/hr atm^1/2 √ Pmanometer
What is the mass of sugar cane being fed to the process with this flowrate, in kg/s?
The mass of sugar cane being fed to the process with this flowrate is 0.0014 kg/s.
What is flowrate?Flowrate is the rate at which a fluid or gas passes through a given space or container over a period of time. It is usually expressed in terms of volume per unit of time, such as liters per second or gallons per minute. Flowrate is an important factor in many engineering and scientific applications, such as fluid dynamics, hydroelectric power generation, and chemical processing. It is also used to measure the flow of liquids and gases through pipes, valves, and other components of a system.
The mass of sugar cane being fed to the process can be calculated using the following equation:
Mass (kg/s) = Flowrate (m^3/s) * Density of the mixture (kg/m^3)
The flowrate can be calculated using the equation given:
q(m^3/s) = 0.0307 m^3/hr atm^1/2 √ Pmanometer
Therefore, the flowrate is:
q(m^3/s) = 0.0307 m^3/hr * (atm^1/2 * (6.3 in/12 in/ft)^1/2)
q(m^3/s) = 0.0015 m^3/s
The density of the mixture can be calculated using the following equation:
Density of the mixture (kg/m^3) = Mass of sugar (kg) / Volume of the mixture (m^3)
The mass of sugar can be calculated using the following equation:
Mass of sugar (kg) = Mass of the mixture (kg) * (Mass fraction of sugar (kg/kg) / Mass fraction of the mixture (kg/kg))
The mass of the mixture can be calculated using the following equation:
Mass of the mixture (kg) = Volume of the mixture (m^3) * Density of the mixture (kg/m^3)
The volume of the mixture can be calculated using the following equation:
Volume of the mixture (m^3) = Flowrate (m^3/s)
The mass fraction of sugar can be calculated using the following equation:
Mass fraction of sugar (kg/kg) = Mass of Sugar (kg) / Mass of the mixture (kg)
The mass fraction of the mixture can be calculated using the following equation:
Mass fraction of the mixture (kg/kg) = Mass of the mixture (kg) / Mass of the mixture (kg)
Substituting the values into the equation, we get:
Mass (kg/s) = 0.0015 m^3/s * (0.91 kg/m^3)
Mass (kg/s) = 0.0014 kg/s
Therefore, the mass of sugar cane being fed to the process with this flowrate is 0.0014 kg/s.
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