To which trophic level do primary consumers belong - second trophic level
The innermost layer of the sun's atmosphere is called the - Photosphere
Which of the following is not the inner planet in the solar system - Jupiter
All the plants and animals and level of organization - Ecosystem
Lions kill and eat Zebrasm - predation
What is an ecosystem?An ecosystem is a community of living organisms and their physical and chemical environment interacting as a system. It includes all the living (biotic) and non-living (abiotic) components of a particular environment, such as a forest, grassland, aquatic habitat, or even a city.
The components of an ecosystem interact with each other through various biological, physical, and chemical processes, and the balance of these interactions is essential for the overall health and survival of the ecosystem. Examples of ecosystems include coral reefs, rainforests, and deserts.
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which biome is known for being hot and moist with constant rain?
The biome that is known for being hot and moist with constant rain is: the tropical rainforest biome.
This biome is located around the equator, and it is characterized by high levels of precipitation, high humidity, and warm temperatures year-round.
The average temperature of this biome ranges from 68 to 93°F (20 to 34°C), and it receives between 60 and 400 inches (150 and 1000 cm) of rain per year.
Tropical rainforests are home to a wide variety of plant and animal species, many of which are found nowhere else in the world. The dense vegetation of this biome includes tall trees, shrubs, vines, and epiphytes, which form a complex and layered ecosystem.
The rich biodiversity of this biome provides numerous ecological services, including carbon sequestration, oxygen production, and water cycling.
However, tropical rainforests are also facing significant threats from human activities such as deforestation, mining, and agriculture, which are leading to the destruction of this important biome and the loss of countless species.
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9. Explain how the mobile and stationary phases influence how far the dna fragments travel.
The mobile and stationary phases in gel electrophoresis influence how far DNA fragments travel by creating an electrical field and acting as a molecular sieve, respectively. The composition and pH of the buffer solution, as well as the concentration of the gel matrix, can affect the rate and distance of DNA migration.
The separation of DNA fragments in gel electrophoresis is dependent on the interaction of the DNA molecules with the mobile and stationary phases. The mobile phase is the buffer solution in which the gel is immersed and through which an electric current is applied. The stationary phase is the gel matrix that provides the medium for the DNA to move through.
The mobile phase, which usually contains a buffer solution, ions, and detergents, influences the movement of DNA fragments by creating an electrical field that causes them to migrate towards the opposite electrode. The strength of the electrical field, as well as the composition and pH of the buffer solution, can affect the rate and distance of DNA migration. The buffer solution also helps to maintain a stable pH, which is critical for DNA stability and migration.
The stationary phase, which is usually made up of agarose or polyacrylamide gel, controls the mobility of the DNA fragments by acting as a molecular sieve. The gel matrix has small pores that vary in size, depending on the concentration of the gel, which can affect the migration rate of the DNA fragments. Smaller DNA fragments move more quickly through the gel, whereas larger fragments move more slowly, often resulting in a visible banding pattern.
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A. What fossil fuel usage will result in no
change in atmospheric CO, each year?
The only way to completely halt the release of carbon dioxide into the atmosphere each year is to completely stop using all fossil fuels.
This means no more burning of coal, oil, and natural gas for energy, transportation, or any other purpose. This would require a complete shift in the way we generate electricity, power transportation systems, heat our homes, and power industry.
Renewable energy sources such as solar, wind, and geothermal would need to be developed, installed, and maintained to replace the fossil fuels currently in use.
Governments would also need to introduce incentives and regulations to encourage the development and use of renewable energy sources. This would be a massive undertaking and require a huge investment, but it is the only way to ensure no more carbon dioxide is released into the atmosphere each year.
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Which term describes the offspring of a first-generation cross between parents with different forms of a trait?.
The term that describes the offspring of a first-generation cross between parents with different forms of a trait is "F1 generation."
The F1 generation is the first filial generation resulting from a cross between two genetically different parental lines. When parents with different forms of a trait are crossed, the F1 generation will have a uniform appearance, expressing only one of the parental traits. This is because one allele from each parent is inherited, and one may be dominant, while the other is recessive.
The F1 generation can be used to determine the mode of inheritance of a trait and the genetic makeup of the parents. Additionally, the F1 generation can be crossed with each other or with the parental lines to produce the second filial generation (F2) and further elucidate the pattern of inheritance.
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In cats, black fur color is caused by an x-linked allele; the other allele at this locus causes orange color. The heterozygote is tortoiseshell. What kinds of offspring would you expect from the cross of a tortoiseshell female and an orange male?.
In cats, fur color is determined by an X-linked gene. Black fur is caused by a dominant X-linked allele, while orange fur is caused by the recessive allele. The heterozygous state for this gene results in tortoiseshell coloring.
Females have two X chromosomes, while males have one X and one Y chromosome. Therefore, a female tortoiseshell cat must have inherited one X chromosome with the black allele and another X chromosome with the orange allele.
If this tortoiseshell cat were to mate with an orange male cat, all of the female offspring would be tortoiseshell, inheriting one black X chromosome from the mother and one orange X chromosome from the father. All of the male offspring would inherit the orange X chromosome from the mother and the Y chromosome from the father, resulting in orange fur.
Therefore, all of the offspring would have orange fur, but the females would be tortoiseshell.
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Which of the following would best explain the differences between closely related species found on
each of the four landmasses.
A. hybridization
B. temporal isolation
C. behavioral isolation
D. geographic isolation
Answer: D. Geographic isolation would best explain the differences between closely related species found on each of the four landmasses.
Geographic isolation occurs when physical barriers, such as mountains or oceans, prevent populations of a species from interbreeding with one another. Over time, these populations can diverge in their traits and genetic makeup, leading to the evolution of distinct species.
In this scenario, the closely related species found on each of the four landmasses would have evolved independently from one another due to their geographic isolation. As a result, they may exhibit differences in their physical characteristics, behavior, and genetics that have accumulated over time due to natural selection, genetic drift, and mutation.
Hybridization, temporal isolation, and behavioral isolation can also contribute to speciation, but they would not be the best explanation for the differences between closely related species found on different landmasses. Hybridization, for example, would result in the fusion of populations and the breakdown of reproductive barriers, leading to the formation of a hybrid population rather than distinct species. Temporal isolation and behavioral isolation, on the other hand, would prevent interbreeding between populations that occupy the same geographic area, but they would not explain why closely related species found on different landmasses have evolved to be different from one another.
Explanation:
In the early 1700s, a small religious group know as the German Baptist Brethren left Europe to settle in the eastern part of Pennsylvania. The orginal group of 50 families grew to 58,000 people by the late 1800's. In 1882, a part of the group split off as a result of differences in accepting modern machinery and marriage outside of their group. This Old Order isolated themselves from the other group and other people. In the 1950's a study was done to compare the Old Order to the original West German population and the neighboring population. Blood samples were taken from people in all 3 areas and blood typing tests were preformed.
What would be the most likely reason that the scientist did not test the other half of the German Brethren that adopted more modern ways?
A. The groups' allele frequencies would most likely be affected through the marriage of others that were not part of the orginal group.
B. The distance between the Old Order and the group they left was not far enough to cause any changes in allele frequencies.
C. The Old Order did not have any genetic similariteis with the original group, so there was no need to test them.
D. This group had allele frequencies that were not diverse enough for the study.
The most likely reason that scientists did not test other half of German Brethren that adopted more modern ways : A.)The group's allele frequencies would most likely be affected through marriage of others that were not part of original group.
What is reason that scientist did not test other half of the German Brethren that adopted more modern ways?When two populations mate, then resulting offspring carry a mix of the genetic information from both populations, and over time, this can cause changes in allele frequencies of the population.
In the case of the German Baptist Brethren, group that adopted modern ways would have likely intermarried with people outside of their original community, which would have introduced new genetic material and changed allele frequencies of population. This would have made it difficult to compare genetic makeup of modern group to original West German population or to the Old Order group that had remained isolated.
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No-till farming is an alternative farming practice. In this practice, farmers do not till the soil between growing seasons. What is a benefit of no-till farming?
A. It increases the amount of water released as surface runoff by farms. B. It allows more soil to be transported from farms to surrounding environments. C. It can help conserve Earth's soil and water while increasing soil fertility. D. It can make farms more productive by decreasing the growth of microbes
Answer:
C. It can help conserve Earth's soil and water while increasing soil fertility.
Explanation:
"Tilling increases soil erosion and reduces the amount of water that can be absorbed by the soil. This means tilling causes soil and water to be lost to the environment. As a result, farmers have to use more of these resources. No-till farming prevents these losses, so no-till farming can help conserve Earth's soil and water.
Tilling can also make the soil less fertile by removing some microbes and earthworms. No-till farming helps the soil keep the microbes and animals it needs to be productive. So, no-till farming also increases soil fertility."
-Study Island
Help please based on this graph, did observing male toads help scientist oredict the earthquakes that occured in l'aquila?
Answer:I think it's D
Explanation:
There is no clear correlation between the 2. There are also a few anomalies so we can't be sure.
a small amount of vasodilation in an arteriole prompts a . question 15 options: large increase in resistance slight increase in resistance large decrease in resistance slight decrease in resistance
A small amount of vasodilation in an arteriole prompts Slight decrease in resistance therefore the correct option is D.
Vasodilation refers to the enlargement of a blood vessel, due to relaxation of its smooth muscle cells. This can be caused by several factors, such as hormones like adrenaline, chemical mediators like nitric oxide, and even stretching of the vessel itself.
When an arteriole undergoes vasodilation, it results in a decrease in resistance across the arteriole wall. As a result, blood flow through the artery is increased. However, this increase in flow is typically accompanied by a slight increase in resistance due to decreased vascular tone and less efficient flow through the artery.
Hence the correct option is D.
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a large amount of vasodilation in an arteriole prompts a . question 15 options: large increase in resistance slight increase in resistance large decrease in resistance slight decrease in resistance
Your colleague designed a common garden experiment to determine if desiccation (drying out) influences competition between a native alga and an exotic alga. The design includes four plot types: dry with native only, dry with exotic only, dry with both algae, and wet with both algae.
When grown together on dry plots, the native grew well while the exotic went extinct. When grown together on wet plots, the exotic grew well while the native went extinct. Both algae grew in dry plots when grown alone. You note that his experimental design is incomplete and, as a result, he cannot support one of the following conclusions. Which conclusion is NOT supported?
a. Dry habitats are part of the fundamental niche of the native alga.
b. Dry habitats are part of the fundamental niche of the exotic alga.
c. The native alga competitively excludes the exotic alga in dry habitats.
d. The exotic alga competitively excludes the native alga in wet habitats
Based on the experiment design, it appears that your colleague is interested in investigating the role of desiccation on the competition between The correct option is d. The exotic alga competitively excludes the native alga in wet habitats.
The design includes four plot types, including dry with native only, dry with exotic only, dry with both algae, and wet with both algae.
It is important to note that dry habitats are part of the fundamental niche of the exotic alga, indicating that this species is adapted to survive in conditions where water availability may be limited. This suggests that the exotic alga may have a competitive advantage over the native alga in dry habitats, as it is better equipped to handle desiccation stress.
Additionally, the fact that the exotic alga competitively excludes the native alga in wet habitats further supports the idea that the exotic alga may have a competitive advantage overall. This could be due to a variety of factors, including differences in resource use efficiency or ability to tolerate environmental stressors.
Overall, this experiment has the potential to provide valuable insights into the mechanisms driving competition between native and exotic species in different environmental contexts. By understanding how these factors interact, researchers can develop strategies to mitigate the negative impacts of invasive species and promote the persistence of native biodiversity.
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P LZ help me due tonight
Dichotomous keys are classification and identification tools. Option B. Bobcat.
What is a dichotomous key?
A dichotomous key is a classification tool. The key provides an easy and fast way for identification by describing different morphological traits, leading you to the correct taxonomic classification.
The key provides morphological descriptions about different taxonomic groups in an easy way to identify these traits in your individual.
Dichotomous refers to how information is provided. There are always two options (a and b, or 1 and 2), and one of them must be chosen according to the characteristics of the organism.
When choosing the correct option, the key leads to the following description, and so on until the taxonomic name is provided.
In the e xposed example,
Character 1:
This animal's tail is not equal or longer than the legs. The tail is half the leg length or shorter, so we must choose option A.
Option A tells us to move to character 2
Character 2:
The tail tip is not solid black.
The tail has stripes.
The length of the hair tufts on the ear tips is much shorter than the ear length.
The key suggests this is a bobcat.
Option B. Bobcat
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Please help me on this
Changes in the body structure of the organism would show that the organism has been affected by mutation.
What would show that the body of an organism has been affected by mutation?An organism's body may exhibit physical traits that are distinct from those of other members of its species if it has undergone mutation. A missing leg or a different pattern of fur or feathers are examples of more extreme modifications than subtle ones, such as a little shift in eye color or the form of a leaf.
Mutations can occasionally also result in functional alterations, such as altered metabolism or weakened immunological response.
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Increased angiotensin ii levels would result in increased.
Increased angiotensin II levels would result in multiple physiological effects that are related to blood pressure and fluid balance. Angiotensin II is a hormone that is produced by the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system, which is a complex system that regulates blood pressure and electrolyte balance in the body. Therefore, the correct answer is E) All of these effects.
Angiotensin II causes the blood vessels to constrict, which leads to increased resistance to blood flow and an increase in blood pressure. It also stimulates the release of aldosterone, which causes the kidneys to retain sodium ions and water. This results in an increase in blood volume, which further contributes to the increase in blood pressure.
Moreover, angiotensin II promotes thirst, which increases water intake and contributes to fluid retention. Additionally, it can cause the release of antidiuretic hormone (ADH), which increases water reabsorption in the kidneys and further contributes to fluid retention.
Therefore, increased angiotensin II levels can have a variety of effects that contribute to hypertension and fluid retention, including increased blood pressure, blood volume, water retention, and sodium retention at the kidney.
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Complete question :
Increased angiotensin ii levels would result in increased.
A) blood pressure
B) blood volume
C) retention of water
D) retention of sodium ions at the kidney
E) All of these effects
As igneous rock crystallizes from magma or lava is heat absorded from or released to the surroundings?
Heat is released to the surroundings as igneous rock crystallizes from magma or lava.
When magma or lava cools and solidifies, the thermal energy that was once present in the molten rock is released to the surrounding environment.
This process is known as exothermic, meaning that it releases heat. The heat energy is carried away from the cooling rock by convection and radiation, eventually dissipating into the surrounding air, water, or soil.
The amount of heat released during the process of crystallization can have significant effects on the surrounding environment. In some cases, the heat can cause rocks in the surrounding area to melt and partially assimilate into the newly forming igneous rock.
This can lead to the formation of hybrid rock types known as migmatites.
Additionally, the release of heat can have important implications for the formation of minerals and the movement of fluids in the surrounding environment, which can influence the evolution of geologic systems over time.
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In the early 1800s, cats that European people had brought to Australia escaped into the wild. Cats have very few natural predators in Australia. Cats
are excellent hunters of small animals and birds, with greater skill in hunting than animals native to Australia
Given this information, how might cats have affected the native species of Australia?
O Cats probably harmed native species, Cats may have hunted some species to extinction.
O Cats probably did not affect native species. The presence of cats forced native animals to adapt and change.
It is not possible to determine how cats affected the native species of Australia.
O Cats probably helped native species. Cats increased biodiversity on the continent, which is important in an ecosystem.
Answer:
Cats probably harmed the species
Explanation:
Invasive species are very detrimental to any environment they are brought into, because many different species do not know how to defend against a good predator like a cat. The cats would definitely not help the native species because even in modern neighborhoods, cats often are a major cause of death to the birds.
Two amino acids are linked by a peptide bond when
Answer: the carboxyl group (COOH) of one amino acid reacts with the amino group (NH2) of another amino acid.
Explanation:
This reaction results in the formation of a covalent bond between the two amino acids, with the release of a water molecule (H2O) in a process called a condensation reaction or dehydration synthesis. The resulting bond between the amino acids is called a peptide bond, and the resulting molecule is a dipeptide. As more amino acids join through peptide bonds, a polypeptide chain is formed, which can eventually fold and function as a protein.
9
A population of deer live in a forest ecosystem. Which of these describes a density-independent factor that could affect this
population?
A forest fire or severe weather event could be a density-independent factor that could affect the population of deer in the forest ecosystem.
These factors are not influenced by the density of the deer population but rather are external factors that can impact the entire ecosystem and all of its inhabitants. Other examples of density-independent factors could include natural disasters, climate change, or human disturbances such as logging or pollution. Examples of density-independent factors include natural disasters (e.g., wildfires or floods), extreme weather conditions (e.g., drought or heavy snowfall), and human-induced habitat changes (e.g., deforestation or pollution). These factors affect the deer population in the forest ecosystem without being influenced by the population density of the deer.
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Scientists do not actually know how life began, but they are developing theories based on observations and research. Oparin and Haldane hypothesized that life formed in pools of water containing common chemicals found in living organisms. What happened that resulted in this hypothesis being supported by other scientists? Group of answer choices Ancient organisms were discovered to be still on Earth. Further experimentation produced results that supported the hypothesis. All scientists had to agreed with the hypothesis. A chemist confirmed the hypothesis.
Answer: The hypothesis proposed by Oparin and Haldane that life formed in pools of water containing common chemicals found in living organisms was supported by further experimentation and observations that produced results consistent with their hypothesis. Over time, other scientists conducted experiments and made observations that provided evidence to support the idea that life could have emerged from non-living matter in a primordial soup. While not all scientists may have agreed with the hypothesis, the accumulating evidence led to its acceptance as a plausible explanation for the origins of life on Earth. Therefore, the correct answer is "Further experimentation produced results that supported the hypothesis."
Explanation: Hope that covers it :)
Please help me ;(
Match each system of equations with the constant that can be multiplied by equation A to create a system of equations that can be solved using the linear combination method.
Equation A: 3x – 2y = 5
Equation B: 9x + 7y = –34
Equation A: 3x – 4y = 5
Equation B: 7x + 8y = 4
Equation A: 13x – y = 51
Equation B: 12x + 3y = –90
To solve a system of equations using the linear combination method, the goal is to eliminate one variable by adding or subtracting the equations.
To do this, we need to find a constant that can be multiplied to one of the equations so that the coefficients of one variable will be the same or opposite in both equations.
For the first system, if we multiply equation A by 3, we get 9x - 6y = 15, which can be added to equation B to eliminate the y-variable. Thus, the constant for this system is 3.
For the second system, multiplying equation A by 2 gives 6x - 8y = 10, which can be added to equation B to eliminate the y-variable. Therefore, the constant for this system is 2.
For the third system, if we multiply equation A by 3, we get 39x - 3y = 153, which can be added to equation B to eliminate the y-variable. Thus, the constant for this system is 3.
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Yosef is so intrigued by what he sees in his microscope that he walks to a nearby pond and collects a sample of pond water to learn more about paramecium. he uses a single drop of the pond water to create a wet mount slide, which allows him to see living paramecia moving around in the water, unlike the processed and dyed paramecia in the prepared slide (part a). how do the structures observed under magnification help the organism carry out basic functions of life? write your findings in the space provided.
Under the microscope, Yosef can see that the paramecia have distinct structures that help them carry out basic functions of life.
Their bodies are covered in a thin, flexible membrane that helps regulate the exchange of nutrients, gases, and wastes between the paramecium and its environment. Inside the body, the paramecium has a complex network of organelles like the nucleus, mitochondria, and vacuoles.
The nucleus is the control center of the paramecium, directing all its activities. The mitochondria produce energy and the vacuoles store food and water. The paramecium also has tiny hair-like cilia that line its body and help it move through the water.
These cilia also allow it to sense changes in its environment and to defend itself against predators. The paramecium also has a contractile vacuole, which helps it to get rid of excess water and maintain its internal balance. All of these structures work together to help the paramecium carry out basic functions of life such as feeding, moving, and reproducing.
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Threonine is a natrually occurring amino acid found in many proteins what functional groups are present in threonine
The functional groups present in threonine, a naturally occurring amino acid found in many proteins, are:
1. Amino group (NH₂)
2. Carboxyl group (COOH)
3. Hydroxyl group (OH)
Threonine is an α-amino acid, which means it has an amino group and a carboxyl group attached to the same carbon atom. Additionally, it has a side chain containing a hydroxyl group, making it a polar and uncharged amino acid.
Threonine is an amino acid that we use in the biosynthesis of proteins. It involves an α-amino group (a protonated − NH3+ structure under organic conditions), a carboxyl group (a deprotonated − COO− form under biological conditions), and a side chain containing a hydroxyl group (OH), making it a polar, uncharged amino acid.
Threonine is among the two proteinogenic amino acids with two stereogenic centers, another being isoleucine.
Threonine subsists in the following configurations with four possible stereoisomers:
(2S,3R)
(2R,3S)
(2S,3S)
(2R,3R)
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two normal individuals have a child who has cystic fibrosis, an autosomal recessive disease. what were the chances of this happening?
The probability of a child inheriting two mutated alleles (mm) and having cystic fibrosis is 1 out of 4, or 25%.
Cystic fibrosis (CF) is an autosomal recessive disease, meaning that an individual must inherit two copies of the mutated CF gene (one from each parent) to express the disease. When both parents are carriers of the mutated CF gene, they have a normal phenotype since they possess one functional copy of the gene.
The chances of two normal carrier parents having a child with cystic fibrosis can be determined using a Punnett square. In this genetic model, each parent contributes one allele (either normal or mutated) to their offspring. Since both parents are carriers, they have one normal (N) and one mutated (m) allele.
The Punnett square displays the four possible allele combinations for the child:
1. NN (normal, non-carrier)
2. Nm (normal, carrier)
3. mN (normal, carrier)
4. mm (affected by cystic fibrosis)
So, in this case, the chances of two normal individuals who are carriers of the cystic fibrosis gene having a child with the disease is 25%.
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George has a farmland that produces wastewater from agricultural which system can George use to do waste water treatment
George can use a constructed wetland system to treat wastewater from his agricultural land.
Here, correct option is A.
This system involves creating shallow ponds, or wetlands, that are filled with plants and soil, and made to accommodate the amount of wastewater generated from the farm. The plants and soil in the constructed wetland absorb and filter the pollutants from the wastewater, and the microorganisms in the soil further break down organic matter.
Additionally, the oxygen from the air helps to break down pollutants. The water then flows out of the constructed wetland, and is much cleaner than when it entered. The system also provides an additional benefit of creating a habitat for wildlife, and add vegetation to the landscape. Constructed wetlands are a cost-effective and low-maintenance way to treat wastewater.
Therefore, correct option is A.
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complete question is :-
George has a farmland that produces wastewater from agricultural which system can George use to do waste water treatment
A. wetland system
B. Dryland system
C. Both
D. None
A group of scientists is exploring whether a location is likely to contain oil reserves. What clue could they use to help them determine if oil is present?
Answer:
Explanation:
Some clues are that sound waves are slowly bouncing back up ,displaced underground center of gravity or oil residue in soil.
hope this helps:)
ASAPPPP PLEASE
although movies like the blob can be entertaining they rarely portray cell biology accurately. explain why a giant human eating ameba is not biologically possible.
Answer:
ameobas are small single celled microbes and can only get up to 20 cm in size. its simply not possible because they dont have enough cells and dont have the means to become bigger. evolution has led them to stay small
Explanation:
Which two viral characteristics provide evidence to support the
argument that viruses are more similar to living components than to
nonliving components of an ecosystem?
A. Viruses contain genetic material.
B. Viruses are made of cells.
c. Viruses use and store energy to grow.
D. Viruses reproduce independently.
E. Viruses evolve through mutation and natural selection
Viruses share several characteristics with living organisms, such as containing genetic material, being made of cells, using and storing energy to grow, reproducing independently, and evolving through mutation and natural selection.
Here, all the options are correct.
This evidence reveals that viruses are capable of many of the same functions as living organisms. For example, viruses use and store energy to power their growth and evolution, just like living organisms. They also possess genetic material and can reproduce independently, which is a trait shared by all living organisms.
Additionally, viruses can mutate and evolve, which is a necessary component for the continued survival of any species. These evidence-based characteristics demonstrate that viruses are more similar to living components than to nonliving components of an ecosystem.
Therefore, all the options are correct.
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A single species that has evolved into several different forms that live in different ways has undergone.
Answer:
Adaptive radiation.
Explanation:
A single species that has evolved into several different forms that live in different ways has undergone adaptive radiation.
The diagram below shows the steps of DNA replication.
2
Which of the following is the correct sequence of replication?
2,1,4,3
3, 4, 1, 2
3, 4, 2, 1
3, 1, 4, 2
Answer:
A
Explanation: