Open market operations refer to the buying and selling of government securities by the central bank in order to manage the money supply in the economy. Both required reserves and excess reserves will rise.
When the central bank buys securities from banks, it pays for them by adding reserves to the banks' accounts. This means that the reserves of Typical Bank will increase, including both required reserves (which are set by regulation and based on the bank's deposits) and excess reserves (which are the amount of reserves held above the required amount).
It's important to note that an increase in excess reserves could potentially lead to an increase in lending by banks, which could stimulate economic growth. However, it could also lead to inflation if the increase in lending leads to an excessive increase in the money supply.
The central bank must carefully manage open market operations to maintain stability in the economy.Therefore, the correct answer to the question is: "Both required reserves and excess reserves will rise."
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A company plans to begin production of a new small appliance. The manager must decide whether to purchase the motors for the appliance from a vendor at $7 each or to produce them in-house. With the process in-house production; the annual fixed cost is $190,000 and a variable cost of $4 per unit. Determine the range of annual quantity for which each of the alternatives would be best?
The cost of a unit is $7 while it can be purchased in house at a variable rate that depends on the quantity.
What is production?Production is the creation of goods, which are sold to earn profits, it is therefore required to keep the cost low so that the highest profit is earned.
The new small appliance can be purchased for $7 from outside while for in-house it will cost as,
To match the price from the vendor we need to produce 63,333 units per year, ($190,000/63,333) + $4 = $7
Calculation for 63,333 units,
$7-$4 (per unit variable cost) = $3 this cost needs to be fixed cost.
$190,000/$3 = 63,333 units.
Therefore the company needs to produce more than 63,333 units to benefit from in-house production.
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Question 4 (30 Marks) Epsilon Limited a company that sell contemporary home accessories was incorporated on 1 April 2017 with an authorized share capital consisting of the following: 000 000 ordinary shares at N$20 each (600 000 ordinary shares issued). ● ● 200 000 8% Redeemable preference shares at N$15 each (200 000 shares issued). These shares were classified as liability. Other balances as at 31 May 2021: ● Share premium account N$450 000 ● Retained earnings N$1 875 500 After getting approval from the shareholders at the annual general meeting the board decided to redeem all the 8% redeemable preference shares as soon as it was feasible to do so. The redemption of the 8% redeemable preference would be partly funded by issuing 100 000 new ordinary shares as well utilization of retained earnings. 01 November 2021: 15 November 2021: 30 November 2021: 31 March 2022: Issued 150 000 ordinary shares at N$20.75 and all shares were subscribed. The full share issue was underwritten by Fox Brokers Ltd at a commission of 2.5%. Shares were allotted to the applicants and the transaction with the underwriter were concluded. Redemption of 8% redeemable preference shares at a premium of 20 cents. Accrued dividend for the current year was paid to the applicable shareholders. It was decided to write off premium on redemption and underwriters commission against retained earnings. Profit after tax for the period amounted to N$650 525. The board had agreed to transfer N$50 000 to an asset's replacement reserve. Land and buildings were revalued upwardly by N$555 000. YOU ARE REQUIRED TO: 1) Journalize the transactions pertaining to the period 01 November 2021 to 31 March 2022. (20 Marks) 2) Prepare the retained earnings ledger account as at 31 March 2022. This account should be properly balanced off. (10 Marks).
Answer:
1) Journal Entries:
Date | Particulars | Debit (N$) | Credit (N$)
--- | --- | --- | ---
01-Nov-21 | Bank A/c Dr. | 3,112,500 |
| Share Capital A/c Dr. | 3,000,000 |
| Share Premium A/c Dr. | 412,500 |
| To Allotment A/c (150,000 x N$20.75) | | 3,112,500
| (Issuance of 150,000 ordinary shares at N$20.75 per share, fully subscribed and underwritten by Fox Brokers Ltd at a commission of 2.5%) |
15-Nov-21 | Preference Shares Redemption A/c Dr. | 3,000,000 |
| Premium on Redemption A/c Dr. | 40,000 |
| To Bank A/c (200,000 x N$15.20) | 3,040,000 |
| (Redemption of 200,000 redeemable preference shares at N$15 per share at a premium of 20 cents) |
30-Nov-21 | Dividend Payable A/c Dr. | 16,000 |
| To Preference Dividend A/c | | 16,000
| (Accrued preference dividend for the current year paid to applicable shareholders) |
31-Mar-22 | Asset Replacement Reserve A/c Dr. | 50,000 |
| Retained Earnings A/c Dr. | 627,500 |
| To Profit and Loss A/c | | 650,525
| To Land and Building Revaluation Reserve A/c | | 555,000
| To Premium on Redemption A/c | | 40,000
| To Underwriting Commission A/c | | 10,025
| (Transfer of N$50,000 to asset replacement reserve, write-off of N$645,025 against retained earnings for land and building revaluation reserve, premium on redemption, and underwriting commission, and recognition of profit after tax of N$650,525)
2) Retained Earnings Ledger Account:
| Date | Particulars | Debit (N$) | Credit (N$) |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 31 May 2021 | Balance b/d | 1,875,500 | |
| 31 Mar 2022 | Asset Replacement Reserve A/c | 50,000 | |
| 31 Mar 2022 | Profit and Loss A/c | 650,525 | |
| 31 Mar 2022 | Land and Building Revaluation Reserve A/c | 555,000 | |
| 31 Mar 2022 | Premium on Redemption A/c | 40,000 | |
| 31 Mar 2022 | Underwriting Commission A/c | 10,025 | |
| 31 Mar 2022 | Balance c/d | | 2,781,950 |
| | | 3,181,050 | 3,181,050 |
what will be the after tax equity from the sale?
Explanation:
not a full question, please repeat the full question
6. Suppose that demand and supply of Oragnges are described by the following equations: P = 200-6Q (demand) P = 40 +2Q (supply) a) Calculate the equilibrium price and quantity. Illustrate.
Answer: Equilibrium price is P = 80 and the equilibrium quantity is Q = 20
Explanation:
To calculate the equilibrium price and quantity, we can follow these steps:
Set the demand equation equal to the supply equation:
200 - 6Q = 40 + 2Q
Simplify by adding 6Q to both sides and subtracting 40 from both sides:
160 = 8Q
Solve for Q by dividing both sides by 8:
Q = 20
Substitute Q = 20 into either the demand or supply equation to find the equilibrium price:
P = 200 - 6(20) = 80
or
P = 40 + 2(20) = 80
So the equilibrium price is P = 80 and the equilibrium quantity is Q = 20.
To illustrate this on a graph, we can plot the demand and supply curves on the same graph and look for the point where they intersect. The vertical axis represents price (P) and the horizontal axis represents quantity (Q). At the point where the demand and supply curves intersect, we have the equilibrium price and quantity.
a business strategy that is used to gain customer information and to remain in contact with the customer is termed
Which of the following was later found to be unconstitutional in the early days of the farm bills?
reducing production of crops
planting soil-building crops
establishing food reserves
taxing food processors to pay for price supports
In the early days of the farm bills, taxing food processors to pay for price supports was found to be unconstitutional.
Early days of the farm billsInitially, it was determined that imposing taxes on food processors to account for cost subsidies was unconstitutional.
During this time, the Agricultural Adjustment Act of 1933 developed a system to assist the commodity industry financially by collecting tax money from processors and then distributing those funds to farmers in order to regulate crop production.
Despite its achievement, the Supreme Court eventually concluded in United States v. Butler (1936) that this general taxation was unlawful as it reigned over states' rights to agricultural control, determined by the 10th Amendment of the US Constitution. As such, Congress had to search for alternate sources to provide financial aid for agriculatural prices, including generic taxes or borrowed funds.
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Stock control at Saiko
Pousands
4
700
5
600
500
400
300
200
100
Figure 1 Stock-control diagram for Saiko
Trading Ltd
Max
stock
Re-order
[20 marks, 30 minutes]
1 What factors may have determined the size of the
maximum inventory level?
2 What size of order was received at the end of
January?
3 In weeks, what was the lead time between
ordering goods in March and receiving them?
Suggest why inventories fell to zero in April.
Bur
stocks
Discuss the problems Saiko Trading Ltd might
experience from the pattern of inventory usage
shown by the chart.
[
[
Answer: 3
Explanation: 1
4. Akua is a trader based in Techiman. She wants to buy goods from a supplier based in
Accra. Advise her on the general rules governing delivery of goods.
The vendor shall deliver the Products in accordance with the terms of the Sale Contract and the Buyer shall accept and pay for the Products.
What laws apply to the distribution of products?The delivery of the Products shall be made by the Seller in compliance with the terms of the Contract and the Applicable Sales Laws and the Buyer's payment and acceptance of the Products shall be made by the Buyer. The delivery of the goods and payment of the money are simultaneous conditions under the sales law, unless the parties expressly agree otherwise.
The items agreed to be sold are to be delivered at the place they are at the time of the agreement to sell, or, if not yet existent, at the location where they are being made or created, in the absence of any such arrangement. Likewise, the products must be brought to the spot where they were at the time of the transaction.
What do you mean by "delivery" and under what circumstances is a delivery deemed "valid"?The terms of delivery of the goods and payment of the money coexist unless otherwise stated. In other words, the seller must be ready and willing to give the buyer ownership of the products in return for the price, and the buyer must be ready and willing to pay the price in order to have the right to possess the things.
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Match each vocabulary term below with its definition.
1.identification to a church or belief; adherence to a certain faith
2.belonging to a nation by virtue of birth or naturalization
3.a group of people that share a common ancestry, nationality, or culture (including language and religious beliefs and practices)
4.being affiliated with a particular culture, association, or people
ethnic
group identity
nationality
religious affiliation
The vocabulary terms when matched with their definition are :
religious affiliation: identification to a church or belief; adherence to a certain faithnationality: belonging to a nation by virtue of birth or naturalizationethnic: a group of people that share a common ancestry, nationality, or culture (including language and religious beliefs and practices)group identity: being affiliated with a particular culture, association, or peopleWhat are religious affiliations and group identity ?Religious affiliation pertains to an individual's association with a particular religion or religious community; alternatively, it can denote the extent to which they abide by the tenets and rituals of such faith.
Conversely, group identity refers to a person's sentiment about being part of a certain cultural, social, or political cohort in society. This identification applies even when connected with a specific race, ethnicity, nationality, or other associations and emanates from intrinsic proclivities including family background, upbringing, education, and life experiences.
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Ethics in PR therefore remains an important issue to consider. Discuss any five of
the six values in codes of ethics proposed by Taylor and Yang (2014:549).
Six values in codes of ethics, including professionalism, advocacy, moral standards, clients' interests, competence, and relationship, they note, "transcend national boundaries" (Taylor & Yang 2014:549).
Advocacy, honesty, expertise, independence, loyalty, and fairness are among the key traits and attributes of a public relations professional that are outlined in the public relations code of ethics. Honesty: Giving the people information that is factual and true – the cornerstone of gaining their trust.
In order for people to make informed judgments, advocacy involves providing all pertinent information, opinions from various groups, and/or individuals. Building relationships and gaining trust need ethical performance of PR activities.
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Icarus Airlines is proposing to go public, and you have been given the task of estimating the value of its equity. Management plans to maintain debt at 26% of the company’s present value, and you believe that at this capital structure the company’s debt holders will demand a return of 6% and stockholders will require 13%. The company is forecasting that next year’s operating cash flow (depreciation plus profit after tax at 21%) will be $64 million and that investment in plant and net working capital will be $26 million. Thereafter, operating cash flows and investment expenditures are forecast to grow in perpetuity by 4% a year. a. What is the total value of Icarus? (Do not round intermediate calculations. Enter your answer in millions rounded to the nearest whole dollar amount.)
The total value is $554.7
The company's equity is $410.5
What is a Company's Equity?Equity embodies the last remnants of a company's net assets after financial obligations have been sated. It can also assume the alternate term "shareholder's equity" due to its representation of company ownership in harmony with shareholders.
There are two valid methods of calculating equity: either by deducting liabilities from total assets or by consolidating share capital, earnings preserved, and other reserve items.
Within the domain of investors and analysts, equity holds significant value as it reveals critical insight regarding both the fiscal well-being of an establishment and its inherent potential for growth.
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Record the information you found for steps 2 and 3. Make sure you discuss how the company got money to start the business, employee data, and what products or services the company provides in comparison with what other similar business plans are offering.
The information described above is a study/market research. Market research is the research included in a business plan that must be carried out before starting a business.
What is a business plan?A business plan is a document that describes the results of market research and should include:
Sales plansMarket StrategyFinancial StrategiesRisk Management plans etc.Therefore, the correct answer is as given above. It could then be concluded that the information described above is a study/market research.
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Aunt Sally’s “New Orleans Most Famous Pralines” sells pralines costing $1.06 each to make. If Aunt Sally’s wants a 35% markup based on selling price and produces 45 pralines with an anticipated 20% spoilage, what should each praline be sold for? (Round your answer to the nearest cent.)
Selling price $
Each praline should be sold for $1.95.
Here's how you can calculate it:
- The cost to make each praline is $1.06.
- The markup based on selling price is 35%, which means the selling price is 135% of the cost.
- Let x be the selling price per praline.
- We can use the formula: Selling price = Cost / (1 - Markup) to find the selling price.
- Substituting the values, we get: x = 1.06 / (1 - 0.35) = 1.63.
- However, we need to take into account the anticipated 20% spoilage, which means we need to sell more pralines to make up for the ones that are spoiled.
- The total number of pralines needed is: 45 / (1 - 0.20) = 56.25, which we can round up to 57.
- Therefore, the selling price per praline should be: $1.63 * 1.35 = $2.20.
- Rounding this to the nearest cent, we get: $2.20 rounded to the nearest cent is $2.19, which is not correct since it is less than the cost of making each praline.
- We need to adjust the selling price to ensure that we make a profit. We can increase the selling price by $0.01 until we reach a price that is greater than the cost of making each praline.
- Increasing the selling price by $0.01, we get: $2.21, which is still less than the cost of making each praline.
- Increasing the selling price by $0.01 again, we get: $2.22, which is greater than the cost of making each praline.
- Therefore, each praline should be sold for $2.22 rounded to the nearest cent, which is $2.21.
jaycel runs a business selling kitchen products and buys from credit supplier, zelah. zelah allows jaycel a trade discount of 10% on the list price of orders over $5,000 and also offer a 2% cash discount if payment is made within 10 days. the following transactions took place between jaycel and zelah during the month of july 2022. jul 20 2022 balance b/d 1500c credit supplier jul 1 balance due to zelah $1,500. biz original 3 jaycel purchased goods from zelah, list price $2,600. 3312 required (a) 15 jaycel paid amount owing to zelah to date using her personal cheque. b12 20 jaycel purchased goods from zelah, list price $6,200. 812 22 jaycel returned goods to zelah, list price $700. these goods were purchased on 20 july 2022. 28 jaycel paid the balance on zelah's account by bank transfer. (b) jul 5 dr inventory 2600 (1) (ii) (trade payables-zelah 2600 trade payable-zelah prepare the account for zelah in the books of jaycel for the month of july 2022. slam the b12. name the source documents for the transactions on the following dates. 20 july 2022 22 july 2022 [6] [2]
The balance in banking and accounting refers to the amount owed (or due) on an account. In accounting, the term "balance" refers to the difference between the total of debit entries and the total of credit entries made into an account for a certain financial period.
Balance: a tool used to compare the weights of two objects in order to calculate their relative differences in mass (or weight), typically for scientific purposes.
Balance can be classified as symmetrical, asymmetrical, or radial. The human figure in this illustration is balanced and symmetrical; it is identical on the left and right sides of a central axis.
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The political candidates keep talking to the citizens about the possibility of a recession what would most likely happen if a country experience a recession
The thing that would MOST likely happen in this case if a country experiences a recession is D.Businesses will suffer from decreased sales and profits, eventually leading to closure
What is recession ?Recession, in economics, can be described as the downward trend in the business cycle.
Itshouldbe nopted that this can be seen as the decline in production and employment, whereby the incomes and spending of households to decline and as a result of thisthere would be hunger sa well as hardship in the country for this cause.
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missig part
What would MOST likely happen if a country experiences a recession?
A.
Feeling confident in the economy, people will begin to spend money more freely.
B.
Jobs will be more plentiful, and companies will be doing a lot of hiring.
C.
Families will start to purchase larger and more expensive homes.
D.
Businesses will suffer from decreased sales and profits, eventually leading to
A machine that cost $740,000has an estimated residual value of $20,000 and an estimated useful life of eight years. The company uses straight-line depreciation. Calculate its book value at the end of year 7.
Answer:
The depreciable cost of the machine is:
$740,000 - $20,000 = $720,000
Since the company uses straight-line depreciation, the annual depreciation expense is:
$720,000 ÷ 8 years = $90,000 per year
So, after 7 years, the accumulated depreciation would be:
$90,000 × 7 = $630,000
At the end of year 7 would be:
$740,000 - $630,000 = $110,000
Therefore, the machine's book value at the end of year 7 is $110,000.
Advanced Corporation's growth has slowed to a constant rate during the past few years. As a result, the company expects its common stock dividend to grow at a constant 4% for the remainder of the company's life. A few days ago, Advanced paid common stockholders a $5 dividend. If the required rate of return on the company's stock is 12%, what is the value of the stock today?
Based on the concept of the Dividend Growth Model and percentage, and the context of the question, the value of the stock today is $65.
What is Dividend Growth Model?Dividend Growth Model is a term that is used to describe the dividend of a firm that grows at a constant rate g indefinitely.
Generally, in the Dividend Growth Model of the most recent dividend payment is D, and the required rate of return on the stock, given its risk characteristics and market returns, is r, then the price of the stock is D(1 + g)/(r - g).
Therefore, in this case, since the most recent dividend is $5, and the growth rate of the dividend is 4%.
And the required rate of return is 12%.
Hence, by applying the dividend growth model, the price of the stock today is 5*(1 + 4%)/(12% - 4%) = $65.
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what is persecution?
A: Extreme aggression
B: Light-Hearted teasing of a person
C: Extreme rudeness
D: Unfair behavior
E: Extreme violence
Answer:
A. extreme aggression
Explanation:
NEED ASAP!
Which 2 leadership styles promote teamwork
Answer:
Participative and Transformational
Explanation:
An participative leader is a good leader and empowers the team members to do their best and put goals on top. So, this type of leader promotes teamwork.
A transformational leader usually decides the roles of members and ways to monitor performance so that results are delivered.
Interest rates were high but have finally started to decrease. Explain the possible results on the economy.
A. The decreased cost of borrowing and increased return on savings sway customers to both save and spend. The economy grows quickly, resulting in higher inflation rates.
B. The decreased cost of borrowing and decreased return on savings encourage consumers to save rather than spending. Demand decreases, resulting in rising prices.
C. The cost of borrowing and return on savings both increase, which entice consumers to save instead of spending. Demand decreases, which could lead to falling prices for goods.
D. The decreased cost of borrowing and decreased return on savings discourage consumers to save. Demand increases, which could result in rising prices.
Explanation:
people will eventually start spending less. The demand for goods and services will then drop, which will cause inflation to fall.
The amount a lender charges a borrower is called an interest rate, and it is expressed as a percentage of the principal or the loaned amount. The annual percentage rate (APR), which represents the interest rate on a loan, is commonly stated on an annual basis.
The amount of interest due each period expressed as a percentage of the amount lent, deposited, or borrowed is known as an interest rate. The total interest on a loaned or borrowed sum is determined by the principal amount, the interest rate, the frequency of compounding, and the period of time the loan, deposit, or borrowing took place.
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At what point will producer must leave market
at what point will a producer must leave the market
The intersection of the average variable cost curve and the marginal cost curve represents the point at which a business would run out of customers to support its variable costs.
When should companies depart from a market?A company that cannot cover its fixed costs will choose to temporarily close if the price of the good in the short term is less than the average variable cost. Long-term, a corporation will opt to stop if the price is less than the average total cost and it can cover both fixed and variable costs.
Why is it necessary to shut down?A shutdown point is a time in a company's operations when it is decided to temporarily — or, in some situations, permanently — cease doing business because doing so is no longer advantageous. As a result of the link between output and price, a business only generates enough income to pay all of its variable expenses.
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Blossom Company reported net income of $159,500. For 2022, depreciation was $47,300, and the company reported a gain on sale of investments of $14,300. Accounts receivable increased $27,300 and accounts payable decreased $25,300.
Compute net cash provided by operating activities using the indirect method.
Net cash provided by operating activities $
To calculate net cash provided by operating activities using the indirect method, we start with net income and adjust for non-cash items and changes in working capital accounts.
The Net income is $159,500. The Depreciation is +$47,300 and Gain on sale of investments is -$14,300. The Changes in working capital accounts are the Increase in accounts receivable is +$27,300 and the Decrease in accounts payable is -$25,300
The Net cash provided by operating activities =Net income + Adjustments for non-cash items + Changes in working capital accounts
= $159,500 + $47,300 - $14,300 + $27,300 - $25,300
= $194,500
Therefore, the net cash provided by operating activities using the indirect method is $194,500.
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What is one way for a entrepreneur to decrease risk
One way for a entrepreneur to decrease risk is by creating strong business strategy.
Entrepreneurs are valuable resources who power their businesses. They take their large responsibilities seriously and work hard to fulfil them. For an entrepreneur, managing a business, its staff, and its various departments is not a simple task. Since they are in a leadership position, they must handle the worst scenario with caution to protect the reputation of their business.
Entrepreneurs take risks to compete in the market because they are concerned about their position there and sincerely want to hold that position. Leaders won't be able to compete in the market or win the race if they don't take chances.
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A2 A3 A4. Directors' remuneration of Shoprite Holdings Ltd: 2022 Executive Directors: R70 million Non-Executive Directors: R20 million Explain why the Executive Directors earn more than the Non-executive Directors What expertise and characteristics should directors have or possess in companies like Spar and Shoprite? Explain THREE each. The Remunerations Committee According to the Companies Act, 2008 (Act 71 of 2008), a company must have a Remunerations Committee Explain the role/responsibility of this committee and give a reason why this committee is necessary A5 in the light of your answer in 3 above, why are directors fees not included as part of Salaries and wages in the Statement of Comprehensive income?
Executive Directors typically earn more than Non-executive Directors because they are responsible for the day-to-day management of the company and are accountable for its performance.
They are also required to make strategic decisions that will affect the company's growth and provide a high level of knowledge and experience to the organization.
Directors in organizations like Shoprite and Spar should have the following qualifications and traits:
1. Financial expertise:
In addition to having a thorough understanding of financial statements and accounting concepts, directors should also be knowledgeable about the financial markets and various investment options.
2. Industry experience:
Directors should have understanding of industry trends and best practices, as well as experience in the sector in which the company works.
3. Leadership skills:
Directors need to be capable of inspiring and motivating others to work towards the organization's objectives.
For both executive and non-executive directors of the corporation, the Remunerations Committee is in charge of deciding their compensation packages.
The committee's responsibility is to oversee the fair compensation of the company's directors for their contributions to the business, taking into account the shareholders' interests as well as the company's financial performance.
To maintain openness and responsibility in the compensation policies of the organization, this committee is essential.
Since directors' fees are not regarded as a company operational expense, they are not included in salaries and wages in the Statement of Comprehensive Income.
Instead, the Statement of Financial Position or the Notes to the Financial Statements separately itemize directors' fees as a cost.
This is due to the fact that directors' fees are more closely tied to the company's governance than they are to the regular operations of the business.
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None of these
QUESTION 12:
An abstract of title is
An abstract of title is a summary or condensed history of all the legal documents and records that relate to the ownership of a particular piece of real estate.
What is An abstract of titleIt is typically prepared by a title company or an abstractor, who conducts a thorough search of public records to identify any liens, encumbrances, or defects that could affect the property's ownership or marketability.
The abstract of title usually includes a summary of the property's ownership history, including all transfers and conveyances of the property, as well as any mortgages
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Savings accounts are never guaranteed by a government agency.
True
False
Answer:
True......................
Which of the following can be used to create a marketing plan?
1 specific market to target
2 needs of customers
3 competing products
4 all of the above
Answer:
I think the answer of this question is option no 4.
4) all of the above.
Select and research a company that is having financial difficulties or is on the brink of bankruptcy.
The charter of a corporation provides for the issuance of 109,000 shares of
common stock. Assume that 53,000 shares were originally issued and 11,800
were subsequently reacquired. What is the number of shares outstanding?
Oa. 41,200
Ob. 53,000
Oc. 109,000
Od. 11,800
If the charter of a corporation provides for the issuance of 109,000 shares of common stock. The number of shares outstanding is: A. 41,200.
What is number of shares outstanding ?Using this formula to determine the Outstanding shares:
Outstanding shares = Issued shares - Reacquired shares
Let plug in the formula
Outstanding shares = 53,000 - 11,800
Outstanding shares = 41,200
Therefore the number of shares outstanding is option A.
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Module 17 Learning Activity
A currency trader uses the Swiss franc futures quotes below to speculate on the value of the Swiss franc. Use the table below to answer the questions that follow it.. Ignore transactions costs and daily resettlement.
a. If the trader buys 5 June Swiss franc futures, and the spot rate at maturity is $0.7963/CHF, what is the value of their position?
b. If the trader sells 12 March Swiss franc futures, and the spot rate at maturity is $0.8963/CHF, what is the value of their position?
c. If the trader buys 3 March Swiss franc futures, and the spot rate at maturity is $0.8963/CHF, what is the value of their position?
d. If the trader sells 12 June Swiss franc futures, and the spot rate at maturity is $0.7963/CHF, what is the value of their position?
Month: Swiss franc futures contract settle price, S/CHF 1 contract = CHF62.500
March: 0.8528
June: 0.8234
Answer:
a. The trader buys 5 June Swiss franc futures at a settlement price of 0.8234. The value of the position is:
Value = (Settlement price - Purchase price) x Contract size x Number of contracts
Value = (0.7963 - 0.8234) x CHF62.500 x 5
Value = -0.0271 x CHF312,500
Value = -CHF8,687.50
Therefore, the value of the trader's position is -CHF8,687.50.
b. The trader sells 12 March Swiss franc futures at a settlement price of 0.8528. The value of the position is:
Value = (Sale price - Settlement price) x Contract size x Number of contracts
Value = (0.8963 - 0.8528) x CHF62.500 x 12
Value = 0.0435 x CHF750,000
Value = CHF32,625
Therefore, the value of the trader's position is CHF32,625.
c. The trader buys 3 March Swiss franc futures at a settlement price of 0.8528. The value of the position is:
Value = (Settlement price - Purchase price) x Contract size x Number of contracts
Value = (0.8963 - 0.8528) x CHF62.500 x 3
Value = 0.0435 x CHF187,500
Value = CHF8,156.25
Therefore, the value of the trader's position is CHF8,156.25.
d. The trader sells 12 June Swiss franc futures at a settlement price of 0.8234. The value of the position is:
Value = (Sale price - Settlement price) x Contract size x Number of contracts
Value = (0.7963 - 0.8234) x CHF62.500 x 12
Value = -0.0271 x CHF750,000
Value = -CHF20,325
Therefore, the value of the trader's position is -CHF20,325.
Explanation: