On Christmas Eve of 1998, the Ohio State Health Department announced that two elderly people had died during the previous six weeks, apparently after ingesting tainted meat. Ten additional non fatal cases were reported in the state during this period. The state epidemiologist was aware of a national outbreak of a disease with the symptoms seen in these cases. The symptoms included fever and muscle aches, and often diarrhea and nausea. Occasionally, the central nervous system was affected, resulting in confusion, stiff neck, headache, and convulsion. The nationwide outbreak affected approximately 50 people, with a particularly high infection rate in pregnant women and a significant number of deaths among fetuses. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) issued a list of people who were at particular risk for the disease. These included pregnant women, newborns, people with weakened immune systems, and the elderly. The CDC and the U.S. Department of Agriculture suspected pre packaged meats, such as hot dogs and cold cuts, as the source of the outbreak.

Required:
a. What is the most likely cause of the disease?
b. Why is this infection associated with processed meats, but not usually with hamburger or cuts of meat including pork, beef, or chicken?

Answers

Answer 1

Answer:See explanation

Explanation:

a. What is the most likely cause of the disease?

The most likely cause of the disease is Listeria monocytogenes.

b. Why is this infection associated with processed meats, but not usually with hamburger or cuts of meat including pork, beef, or chicken?

The Listeria monocytogenes gets into ones body through either food or drink. Under refrigeration, it can survive well and reproduce. In a situation whereby the meats that have been infected isn't properly heated well, then the bacterium will survive. On the other, hamburger or cuts of meat including pork, beef, or chicken are property heated well and therefore kills the bacteria.


Related Questions

how does PAMPs activate infectious Inflammation​

Answers

Answer:

Activation of infectious inflammation:

PAMPs are derived from microorganisms and thus drive inflammation in response to infections. After identifying microorganisms infections PAMPs by PRRs, activate cytoplasmic complexes called inflammasomes.

After activation of inflammasomes, these inflammasomes activate the protease caspase-1, which then cleaves or breaks various pro-inflammatory cytokines, resulting in maturation and cellular release that cause inflammatory reactions.

is this statement true or false? plants cell have chloroplast, but not mitochondria?​

Answers

Answer:

It is false. Plant cells have chloroplast and mitochondria.

Answer:

yeah hes right the plant wouldnt be living without mitochondria

Explanation:

An enzyme called tyrosinase produced the dark compound in skin (melanin). I’m albinism, this enzyme does not work or is not present. Explain how each mutation could be responsible for Albinism.

Answers

The enzyme called tyrosinase produced the dark compound in the skin (melanin) but in albinism, this enzyme does not work or is not present, thereby this mutation could be responsible for Albinism because this phenomenon alters the molecular signaling pathway involved in the synthesis of skin pigments.

What is the relationship between genetic mutations and the alteration of signaling molecular pathways?

The relationship between genetic mutations and the alteration of signaling molecular pathways is based on the fact that alteration in the genetic material can lead to defective proteins involved in a signaling network, thereby altering the final outcome of the pathway.

Therefore, with this data, we can see that the relationship between genetic mutations and the alteration of signaling molecular pathways is based on the molecular mechanisms that are altered during the generation of a phenotypic feature such as in this case skin pigmentation.

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Drag each tile to the correct location.
Match each characteristic to the type of protist it describes.

Answers

Answer:

shows absuce of cell wall though chloroplasts may be present -plant like

slime mold belongs to this cateroy-fungus like

feeds on decaying matter-fungus like

presence of flagella-fungus like

Explanation:

8. La metáfora "sin ti no podria vivir", a qué orgánulo
celular se refiere. Justifica to respuesta.

Answers

Esta cita se refiere a las mitocondrias. Las mitocondrias juegan un papel muy importante en la vida de las células, esto se debe a que sin las mitocondrias, la célula no podría sobrevivir.

Which bases are found in In 1953, who developed the model that is shown below?a strand of DNA?

Answers

The person that developed the model  are James Watson and Francis Crick. The bases are found in In 1953 are: adenine, cytosine, guanine, and thymine.

What is the DNA bases?

In 1953, James Watson and Francis Crick developed the model of the structure of DNA, which is shown in the image below. The model, known as the double helix, consists of two strands of DNA that are coiled around each other.

Hence, DNA is made up of four bases: adenine (A), cytosine (C), guanine (G), and thymine (T). These bases pair up with each other in specific ways: A pairs with T, and C pairs with G. The sequence of these bases on a DNA strand carries genetic information, and the specific order of the bases determines the genetic code for an organism.

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HELP ASAP
Darwin carefully observed the finches of the Galapagos island. What he noticed was
that they were similar to the mainland finches, but each island finch has different
colored feathers.
numbers of offspring.
shaped and sized beaks.
colored eyes.

Answers

Answer:pls what is the question cause im not sure what it is asking

Explanation:

PLZ HELP!!! BRAINLYEST WILL BE GIVEN TO BEST ANSWER!!!! IF YOU PUT A LINK I WILL REPORT YOU!!!!! DONT TRY ME!!!!!! YALL BEEN WASTING MY POINTS LATELY I HATE IT SO NO SNEAKY LINK OR NON ANSWER OR U WILL BE REPORTED.

Answers

Answer: 1. The corona is in the outer layer of the Sun's atmosphere—far from its surface. Yet the corona is hundreds of times hotter than the Sun's surface. ... In the corona, the heat bombs explode and release their energy as heat. But astronomers think that this is only one of many ways in which the corona is heated. Our Sun is surrounded by a jacket of gases called an atmosphere. The corona is the outermost part of the Sun's atmosphere. The corona is usually hidden by the bright light of the Sun's surface. ... During a total solar eclipse, the moon passes between Earth and the Sun. 2. The chromosphere is above the photosphere, the visible "surface" of the Sun. It lies below the solar corona, the Sun's upper atmosphere, which extends many thousands of kilometers above the chromosphere into space. The plasma (electrically charged gas) in the chromosphere has a very low density. Chromosphere is a reddish and glowing layer of gas above a star's (or Sun's) photosphere. It is actually the transition between corona and the photosphere. Out of the three layers of the Sun's atmosphere, chromosphere is the second one (with photosphere being the first layer and corona as the third) 3. The photosphere is the deepest layer of the Sun that we can observe directly. It reaches from the surface visible at the center of the solar disk to about 250 miles (400 km) above that. 4. The convection zone is the outer-most layer of the solar interior. It extends from a depth of about 200,000 km right up to the visible surface. At the base of the convection zone the temperature is about 2,000,000° C. Convection zone: This layer of the sun is above the radiative zone and is the outermost layer of the Sun's interior. It stretches from as deep as around 200,000 kilometers right up to the visible surface. ... Energy moves towards the Sun's surface through convection currents of heated and cooled gas. 5. The Sun's radiative zone is the section of the solar interior between the innermost core and the outer convective zone. In the radiative zone, energy generated by nuclear fusion in the core moves outward as electromagnetic radiation. In other words, the energy is conveyed by photons. This is the zone immediately next to the core, which extends out to about 0.7 solar radii. There is no thermal convection in this layer, but solar material in this layer is hot and dense enough that thermal radiation is all that is needed to transfer the intense heat generated in the core outward. 6.  The Sun's central core is plasma with a temperature of around 27 million C . At such high temperatures hydrogen combines to form helium by nuclear fusion, a process that releases vast amounts of energy. This energy moves outward, towards the outer layers of the Sun.  The core is the Sun's middle region where energy is generated by thermonuclear reactions, which create extreme temperatures of about 15 million degrees Celsius. These nuclear reactions use hydrogen to produce helium. brainliest?

Explanation:

Which statement about the factors that affect the affinity of hemoglobin for oxygen are FALSE? Group of answer choices Decreased O2 partial pressure diminishes affinity and this favors oxygen unloading and delivery to the tissues. CO2 increases the affinity of oxygen for hemoglobin so that hemoglobin binds oxygen more strongly. Decreased blood temperature increases hemoglobin affinity for oxygen. The affinity of hemoglobin for oxygen is higher than for carbon dioxide which results in oxygen being able to displace carbon dioxide from hemoglobin as the blood travels through the pulmonary capillaries. With decreasing pH, affinity decreases so that more oxygen is released from hemoglobin.

Answers

Answer:

CO2 increases the affinity of oxygen for hemoglobin so that hemoglobin binds oxygen more strongly

Explanation:

Hemoglobin (Hb) is a protein found in red blood cells that functions to transport oxygen (O2) to the tissues. This protein has four subunits and each subunit binds to a heme group. Each heme group in Hb contains an iron atom that binds to one O2 molecule. The affinity of hemoglobin for O2 is a critical mechanism that is dependent on the ability of Hb to carry O2 molecules. Hb is fully saturated with O2 when all of its four O2-binding sites are occupied. Moreoever, the O2-hemoglobin dissociation curve is a plot of saturation of Hb regarding the partial pressure of O2 (PO2). A rightward shift in the curve indicates that Hb has a decreased affinity for O2, while a leftward shift in the curve indicates that Hb has an increased affinity for O2. As CO2 concentration increases, hemoglobin's affinity for O2 decreases, thereby Hb binds to O2 less tightly at heme group sites and therefore the dissociation curve shifts to the right.

________________ ______________ is a learned trait and is not genetically passed down to offspring.

Answers

Answer:

Semi-permanent.

Sorry if im wrong

What is an example of an Adaptation?

A) a fossil
B)gradualism
C)mimicry
D)embryos

BRAINLIEST FOR WHOEVER IS CORRECT

Answers

Answer:

B

Explanation:

The definition of gradualism is the slow and gradual changes that happen within an organism or society to make a better environmental fit for animals and humans. An example of gradualism is the stripes of a tiger developing over time so they are better able to hide in tall grass.

Hope it helped :)

Which of these describes an example of a keystone species that scientists should make efforts to protect?

A. More than 1,000 newly hatched wood frog eggs in a forest ecosystem.

B. A gopher tortoise that provides a home to more than 300 different species of animals in its burrow.

C. A nonnative population of lionfish living on a coral reef in Florida that have no natural predators.

D. A population of mistletoe plants that are parasitic because they depend on other trees and plants in the ecosystem in order to get what they need to survive.

Answers

Answer:

Explanation:

.

Production of the male gametes is known as
ОА.
Oogenesis
O B.
Spermatogenesis
O c.
Seminiferous
D.
Semengenesis

Answers

Answer:

answer is C spermatogenesis

Spermatogenesis , because the male gamete is the sperm and it is being produced by this process.

What converts sound waves to electrical impulses in the nervous system?
Oval window
Pinna
Cochlea
Tympanic membrane
Where are the organs associated with balance located?
The brain
The heart
The ear
The stomach
What type of muscle typically forms a lining for various organs?
Rough muscle
Smooth muscle
Cardiac muscle
Skeletal muscle

What are the body's two systems of internal communication?
Digestive and Endocrine systems
Nervous and Respiratory system
Respiratory and Endocrine systems
Endocrine and Nervous systems

Answers

Answer:

2.the inner ear 3. the smooth muscle and the skeleton muscle.

Which of the following is a major benefit of commercial agriculture?

Answers

Answer:

Advantages of Commercial Farming

Explanation:

Advantages of Commercial Farming

Encouraging Improvement in Local Infrastructure. ...

Job Creation. ...

Lowering the Price of Products. ...

Increased Production and Enhancing Food Security. ...

Provision of Raw Materials for Agribusiness Manufacturing Companies. ...

Lowering the Cost of Production. ...

Foreign Exchange earner.

describe the two types of factors that limit population growth.

Answers

Answer:

high death rate is the major factor that limits population growth, and also the practice of family planning also limit population growth in a contry

Why will individuals have brown eyes rather than a blue eyes?

Answers

Answer:

because of the parent's genes

Explanation:

Explain how DNA AND RNA WORK

Answers

Answer:

Explanation:

DNA are molecules that store genetic information in all organisms.

RNA are molecules that will form proteins based on the instructions coming from DNA.

How do Demetri's results show that digestive enzymes are crucial to maintaining homeostasis in the body?

Answers

In addition to breaking down food so that the nutrients may be absorbed, enzymes also generate vitamins like biotin and vitamin K and protect the body from dangerous microorganisms.

What is homeostasis?

Biological system's ability to self-regulate and maintain stability while responding to shifting environmental factors is known as homeostasis.

The body needs a steady supply of nutrients from food that has been digested. They are crucial for maintaining health and carrying out bodily tasks. The body may absorb and use food that has been broken down by the digestive system.

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6 Question

Question 1) Which biome is characterized by relatively high precipitation, high temperatures, high biodiversity, and low latitudes?

1) Tundra

2) Temperate Deciduous Forest

3) Chaparral

4) Tropical Rainforest


Question 2) A square mile of tropical rainforest contains 36 mammal species. A square mile of tundra contains 4 mammal species.

What characteristic of ecosystems is being described above?

1) succession

2) abiotic factors

3) producers

4) biodiversity


Question 3) Which of the following is most likely to decrease biodiversity?

1) Clearing a forest to raise livestock for a nearby town

2) Adding native plants to a suburban garden

3) Protecting more land from future housing developments

4) Reintroducing natural predators to an area


Question 4) In the Kelp forest ecosystem, sea urchins eat kelp, and sea otters eat sea urchins.

What is the role of sea urchins in this ecosystem?

1) producers

2) secondary consumers

3) primary producers

4) primary consumers


Question 5) What is the correct order of energy flow in an ecosystem?

1) sun → rabbit → grass

2) fox → rabbit → grass

3) sun → grass → rabbit

4) sun → fox → rabbit


Question 6) A savannah ecosystem includes grasses, zebras, and lions, and elephants.

Which of the following has the greatest overall biomass in this ecosystem?

1) grasses

2) zebras

3) elephants

4) lions

Answers

Question 1) :4) Tropical Rainforest

Question 3):1) Clearing a forest to raise livestock for a nearby town

Question 4) : 3)primary consumers

Question 5): 3) sun → grass → rabbit

Question 6) : 1) grasses

What is the function of the skin in protecting the body from disease?

Answers

Answer:

A.killing the infection

The answer is...

A.killing the infection!

Situational context is the social and environmental setting in which a particular behavior takes place.
Please select the best answer from the choices provided
•True
•False

Answers

Answer:

True

Explanation:

Damage to which of the
following structures
would cause you to lose
vision from your left
visual field?

Answers

The optic nerve and the left occipital lobe.

Help me please I am so such on this question ahhhh omggggg !!!!!!HELPPppp

Answers

Answer:

a.

Explanation:

The answer is going to be a

PLEASE HELP

Interpret Would a hurricane be more likely
to remain a hurricane if it reached point A or
point B? Explain your answer.

Answers

Answer:

B

Explanation: Because a hurricane is formed from warm ocean water. If the hurricane goes to point b it will still be on the ocean and most likely remain a hurricane.

Answer:

Point B

Explanation:

Hurricanes last longer in water because they are fueled by warm evaporation by ocean water and It weakens on land.

⚠️Pangea was the last supercontinent on the Earth. However, by the late Triassic period it had begun to separate. By the Jurassic, Pangea had split into the northern continent of Laurasia, and the southern continent of Gondwana, separated by a narrow ocean called the Tethys Sea. Which statement below best describes what likely happened here?

Answers

I believe it is D. It would best describe what happened and still happens today.

Explain briefly how these features contribute to the efficiency of photosynthesis?​

Answers

Answer:

here's your answer

Explanation:

the estimated maximum energy efficiency of photosynthesis is the energy stored per mole of oxygen evolved, 117/450, or 26 percent.

Consequently, plants can at best absorb only about 34 percent of the incident sunlight. The actual percentage of solar energy stored by plants is much less than the maximum energy efficiency of photosynthesis. An agricultural crop in which the biomass (total dry weight) stores as much as 1 percent of total solar energy received on an annual areawide basis is exceptional, although a few cases of higher yields (perhaps as much as 3.5 percent in sugarcane) have been reported. There are several reasons for this difference between the predicted maximum efficiency of photosynthesis and the actual energy stored in biomass. First, more than half of the incident sunlight is composed of wavelengths too long to be absorbed, and some of the remainder is reflected or lost to the leaves

In a solution of seawater, salt is which of these?

A. solute
B. compound
C. solvent
D. mixture

Answers

The answer is A. The salt is a solute.

The diagram shows an energy pyramid.
If the flowers contain 50,000 kcal of energy, about how
much energy will the lizard obtain from eating the
butterfly?
Quaternary Consumer
500 kcal
O 5,000 kcal
50,000 kcal
500,000 kcal
Tertiary Consumer
Secondary Consumer
Primary Consumer
Producer

Answers

Answer:

Its A for Edgeunity

Explanation:

Every consumer it passes through loses a 0, so

Flower: 50,000

Butterfly: 5,000

Lizard: 500

Answer:

Either d or c, listen I think it might be c actually

Explanation:yes


Which of the following most directly explains the changes in the cells?
A
The degradation of DNA in the nuclei of the cells
B
The lysis of chloroplasts in the cells
C
The movement of water from the central vacuoles of the cells into
the solution
D
The movement of NaCl from the solution into the cytoplasm of
the cells

Answers

C. The movement of water from the central vacuoles of cells into the solution

The most direct explanation for changes in cells is the flow of water from the core vacuoles of the cells into the solution. Water enters and exits cells via osmosis. Thus, option C  is correct.

What are the major changes in cells?

Aging causes alterations in all cells. They enlarge and lose their capacity for division and multiplication. In addition to other modifications, the cell's inside now contains more colors and fatty compounds (lipids).

To increase tissue, cells regularly proliferate by themselves. This may occur while an organism is developing or when it sustains an injury and needs to heal itself.

Therefore, the movement of water from the central vacuoles of the cells into the solution most directly explain changes in cells.

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PLease help very easy If 19 is subtracted from three times a number, the difference is 110. What is the number? * 1Multiple Choice QuestionWhat type of number is 105?Choose all that applyWhole numberIntegerRationalIrrational Which scale of measurement most reasonably applies to Confidence in Science? two sequences have the formulae 3n-1 and 7n+2 . A new sequences is formed by the number which appear in both of these sequences. Determine the formula for the nth term. Use the drop-down menus to identify which bacterial shape applies. Bacillus A (rod-shaped) Spirillum B (spiral-shaped) coccus C (spherical)coccus Staph infectionSpirillum CholeraBacillus E. coli(An5wers Included) Absenceby Elizabeth JenningsWhich inference about the speaker is BEST supported by stanza three? A. She blames herself for the loss of the person she is speaking to. B. She is at peace with the loss of the person she was speaking to. C. She hopes to find the person she was speaking to during her visit to the garden. D. She is hurt by the fact that the garden is unchanged despite a change in her life. can someone please help me answer this. What is the relative frequency of eighth graders who want fruit smoothies Explain the energy flowing as you hold an ice cream cone. (Be sure to mention "the system," "the surroundings," and how energy is being transferred.) Susan invested a total of $9000 in two accounts. One account pays 3% interest and the other account pays 6% interest. The total return from both accounts was $450. Jacob rode his bike 5 3/4 miles last week. This week,he rode 4 times as far as he rode last week. How many miles did Jacob ride his bike this week? Which of the following is not a marketing activity? Designing web advertisements Analyzing guest satisfaction measurements Coordinate public relations and publicity Coordinating market research subtract 6x^2-x+3 from 8x^2-7x-2 how is the information between our dna structured What does Lord Capulet say he will do if Juliet does not go along with his plan? What is the primary goal of the strategy that requires a writer to pretend they are dating the things they write? A. to allow a writer to look at their text through more sympathetic eyes B. to prevent a writer from immediately committing to everything they write C. to push a writer to step outside the box and take more risks throughout the writing process D. to discourage a writer from being too removed and distant from their text why is sin ( 17.5 + pi ) = - 0.3 and not positive 0.3 ? Can any body help me out please:) thank you! Help ASAP 20 points!!!A = {4,7, 10, 14, 17, 20}B = {1,4,9,14, 20}C = {2,3,7, 10, 17)