The first strand cDNA synthesis corresponds to the double stranding using DNA.
The process of creating complementary DNA (cDNA) from an RNA template by reverse transcription is known as cDNA synthesis. Reverse transcriptases (RTs) direct the synthesis of the first strand of cDNA using an RNA template and a primer complementary to the RNA.
This cDNA may then be utilised directly as a template for the Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR). Reverse transcription and polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) is a technique that enables the identification of low abundance RNAs in a sample and the synthesis of the matching cDNA, hence aiding the cloning of low copy genes.
Other methods include employing DNA Polymerase I and DNA Ligase to double-strand the first-strand cDNA. Direct cloning without amplification is possible using these reaction products. The RT or external supply of RNase H activity in this instance is required.
Learn more about DNA synthesis:
https://brainly.com/question/30669006
#SPJ4
tube 3 did not have starch or amylase in it. why did it show a positive reaction with benedict’s reagent?
a. benedict’s reagent reacts with maltose
b. benedict’s reagent reacts with the pH buffer
c. maltose was broken down into starch by the acidic environment
benedict’s reagent reacts with water
Tube 3 did not have starch or amylase in it but still it showed a positive reaction with benedict's reagent because benedict's reagent reacts with maltose. The option is A.
Benedict's reagent is used to test for the presence of reducing sugars such as maltose, glucose, and fructose. This reagent is composed of copper sulfate, sodium citrate, and sodium carbonate. When a reducing sugar is present, it reduces the copper sulfate to cuprous oxide, which causes a red precipitate to form.
The positive reaction in tube 3 even though it does not contain amylase or starch is due to maltose presence, which is broken down from the starch in the previous tube into maltose by the amylase, which causes the benedict's reagent to show a positive reaction.
Here you can learn more about benedict's reagent
https://brainly.com/question/30456006#
#SPJ11
what actions could we take to reduce the impact of humans on ocean ecosystems? group of answer choices create marine protected areas where harmful human activities such as fishing are banned by controlling and limiting the use of fertilizers and pesticides in agriculture by enforcing existing laws on fishing quotas and practices and establishing better international agreements reducing the amount of plastic used e.g. plastic bags and packaging all of the above!
Taking all of these actions together can help to reduce the impact of humans on ocean ecosystems and promote a more sustainable and healthy relationship between humans and the ocean.
Creating marine protected areas where harmful human activities such as fishing are banned can help to preserve and protect marine habitats and species, allowing them to thrive and recover from human impact.Controlling and limiting the use of fertilizers and pesticides in agriculture can help to reduce the amount of runoff and pollution that enters the ocean, which can lead to harmful algal blooms, dead zones, and other negative impacts on marine ecosystems.Enforcing existing laws on fishing quotas and practices, as well as establishing better international agreements, can help to ensure that fishing practices are sustainable and do not deplete fish populations or damage marine habitats.Reducing the amount of plastic used, such as plastic bags and packaging, can help to prevent plastic pollution in the ocean, which can harm marine life and ecosystems.What is an ecosystems?
An ecosystem is a community of living organisms (plants, animals, and microbes) interacting with each other and with their non-living (abiotic) environment (such as air, water, soil, and sunlight) in a particular area or region.
To know more about ecosystems, visit:
https://brainly.com/question/1673533
#SPJ1
we are isolating dna from a martian. their dna turns out to be very very tiny, so we will use a very dense agarose gel to analyze the dna. so, instead of the 1% agarose gels that we normally would use in lab, you are tasked with making a 6% agarose gel. the total volume of gel you need to make is 90 ml. how many grams of agarose will you use for this
To make a 6% agarose gel with a total volume of 90 ml, 5.4 grams of agarose is needed.
The agarose gel to analyze the Martian's DNA will need to be denser than the usual one, as the DNA is very tiny. The 1% agarose gels will be replaced with a 6% agarose gel. The total volume of gel required is 90 ml.
To find the amount of agarose required, we need to use the following formula:
Amount of agarose (in grams) = Percentage of agarose / 100 * Total volume of gel
Amount of agarose = 6 / 100 * 90
Amount of agarose = 5.4 grams
Therefore, we would require 5.4 grams of agarose to make a 6% agarose gel of 90 ml.
Learn more about DNA isolation here:
brainly.com/question/18316109
#SPJ11
which of the following is true of the cardiorespiratory system? group of answer choices arteries only provide oxygen to the heart muscle. the lungs pump blood around the body. arteries carry oxygenated blood back to the heart. blood in veins has less oxygen than blood in arteries.
Low oxygen blood is carried by pulmonary arteries. In order to oxygenate the blood, the pulmonary arteries transport oxygen-poor blood from the right ventricle to the lungs.
What functions does the cardiorespiratory system perform?Your body's cells utilise oxygen, nutrients, and hormones carried by the circulatory system, also known as the cardiovascular system or vascular system, for energy, growth, and repair. Moreover, the circulatory system eliminates wastes that your cells don't require, such as carbon dioxide.
The cardiovascular system does not include which of the following?Big intestine is the appropriate response. The circulatory system does not include the large intestine.
To know more about pulmonary arteries visit:-
brainly.com/question/4385723
#SPJ1
homeostasis, which is the goal of drive reduction, is defined as
Answer:
Explanation:
Homeostasis is the maintenance of a stable internal environment within an organism, despite changes in the external environment. Drive reduction is a concept in psychology that suggests that organisms are motivated to take actions that reduce their physiological needs and maintain homeostasis.
Therefore, the goal of drive reduction is to reduce the biological drives or needs of an organism, such as hunger or thirst, in order to maintain a stable internal environment and achieve homeostasis. This can be accomplished by taking actions such as eating or drinking to satisfy the body's physiological needs.
In summary, homeostasis is the stable internal environment maintained by an organism, and drive reduction is the process of reducing biological drives to achieve and maintain homeostasis.
In eukaryotic cells the pre-mRNA undergoes processing. Check the following options that are a type of mRNA processing. 5'G Cap 3' G Cap 3' Poly A tail 5' Poly A tail removal of exons removal of introns
The options that display the processing of pre-mRNA are: (1)5'G Cap; (3) 3' Poly A tail; (6) removal of introns.
pre-mRNA is the first strand produced right after transcription. It is unprocessed and contains both useful and junk parts. The processing of pre-mRNA is done which makes the fully functional m-RNA which is ready to be translated into protein.
Introns are the part of the genes that are transcribed by the process but are note required for the synthesis of a functional protein. Therefore, they are removed in a process called splicing where the introns are removed and all the exons are joined together.
Therefore the correction answer is options 1, 3 and 6.
To know more about pre-mRNA, here
brainly.com/question/28325669
#SPJ4
Imagine that you are a seed. You have been planted on the side of a hill. At the bottom of the hill is a stream. There are many forms of plant life around you which are
competing for sunlight. Write a story about how you are going to grow so that you can get all the sunlight, water, nutrients, and Carbon Dioxide that you will need. In
your story, be sure to include the following terms: geotropism, hydrotropism, and phototropism
The story should be interesting. Eight decent sentences should do
When a seed is planted in the soil upside down, the stem grows upward and away from the Earth, while the roots develop downward towards the earth. Therefore, if a root is inserted inverted in the soil.
What it will happen if indeed the seeds are placed in the ground?First, seeds develop roots when they are planted. When these roots gain traction, a little plant may begin to form and start breaking through the dirt. This procedure is known as germination in scientific terms.
What is an illustration of a plant moving towards the light?Phototropism. Plants tend to slant towards the light, as you may have seen. This is an illustration of a phototropism, a tropism in which light serves as the stimulus (Figure below). Stems and leaves incline towards the light as a means of obtaining more light for photosynthesis.
To know more about roots visit:
https://brainly.com/question/13048748
#SPJ1
How would the absence of enzymes impact digestion
Answer:
When the pancreas doesn't naturally secrete digestive enzymes, it affects your body's ability to break down the foods you eat and absorb nutrients. This can lead to malnutrition as well symptoms such as bloating, cramping, gassiness, and diarrhea.
Explanation:
What is a single neuron and all the muscle fibers that it contacts called?
A single neuron and all the muscle fibers it contacts is known as a motor unit.
A motor unit is a functional unit of the nervous system, made up of a single neuron and all the muscle fibers it contacts. This neuron is called the motor neuron, and the muscle fibers it contacts are called the muscle fibers.
The motor neuron is responsible for sending electrical signals to the muscle fibers, which causes them to contract. When a motor unit contracts, it produces a single movement, such as arm flexion or leg extension. Motor units allow for precise control of movements, as the brain can activate specific motor units to achieve the desired effect. Without motor units, our bodies would be unable to move in a coordinated fashion.
Know more about motor neuron here
https://brainly.com/question/29694659#
#SPJ11
The process by which water vapor passes through stomata from plants to the atmosphere is called
The process by which water vapor passes through stomata from plants to the atmosphere is called transpiration.
Transpiration is a natural process by which plants release excess water vapor through their stomata, which are small pores on the surface of leaves. These pores allow for the exchange of gases between the plant and the environment. During photosynthesis, plants absorb water from the soil through their roots and transport it to their leaves. The excess water is then released into the atmosphere through transpiration. Transpiration is an important part of the water cycle, as it contributes to the movement of water from the land to the atmosphere.
To know more about transpiration click here:
brainly.com/question/13891305
#SPJ4
What region of femur forms part of hip joint?
The uppermost region of the femur that forms part of the hip joint is: the femoral head.
The hip joint is formed by the femur and the acetabulum of the pelvis. The femoral head, which is a ball-shaped structure, fits into the cup-shaped acetabulum to form the hip joint. The hip joint is a ball-and-socket joint that connects the femur to the pelvis.
It is one of the largest joints in the human body and is responsible for the movement of the legs. The hip joint has a high range of motion, which allows for walking, running, jumping, and many other movements. It is also a weight-bearing joint, which means that it carries a significant portion of the body's weight.
There are several other regions of the femur that contribute to the hip joint, including the neck of the femur and the greater and lesser trochanters. The neck of the femur is a narrow region that connects the femoral head to the shaft of the femur. The greater and lesser trochanters are bony protrusions that serve as attachment points for muscles that move the hip joint.
In summary, the femoral head is the uppermost region of the femur that forms part of the hip joint. The hip joint is a ball-and-socket joint that connects the femur to the pelvis and is responsible for the movement of the legs. There are several other regions of the femur that contribute to the hip joint, including the neck of the femur and the greater and lesser trochanters.
To know more about femur refer here:
https://brainly.com/question/3264785#
#SPJ11
which range is the average pulse rate for infants?
Answer:
100 - 200 beats per minute
Explanation:
The average pulse rate in a infant is 100 to 200 beats per minutes when active and 90 to 160 beats per minute.
in seedless plants, a multicellular organ where meiosis occurs and haploid cells develop. it is called____
in seedless plants, a multicellular organ where meiosis occurs and haploid cells develop. it is called gametophyte.
In plants and algae, a gametophyte is a multicellular haploid organism that generates gametes (sex cells). The gametophyte is the stage in a plant's life cycle that emerges from a spore and is haploid, meaning it has one pair of chromosomes.
Gametogenesis is the process by which the gametophyte produces the gametes, which can either be sperm or eggs. In the process of fertilization, the gametes from the gametophyte combine to create a diploid zygote, which grows into a sporophyte, the following stage in the life cycle of plants.
The gametophyte, which is a leafy, photosynthetic plant body, is some plants' primary life stage. Mosses are an example of such a plant. The gametophyte is a smaller, less noticeable structure in other plants, like ferns, and it receives its nutrition from the sporophyte.
To know more about gametophyte
brainly.com/question/11566530
#SPJ4
If the frequency of p2 equals 0.49, what is the value of q?
Responses
0.009
0.009
0.3
0.3,
0.7
0.7
1
Answer: q = 0.3
Explanation: According to hardy weinberg principal
p + q =1
p^2=0.49
hence, p=0.7
therefore q= 1-0.7
q=0.3
sherpath which factors allow for the exchange of nutrients and waste products between maternal and fetal blood without the physical mixing of their blood?
The factors that allow for the exchange of nutrients and waste products between maternal and fetal blood without the physical mixing of their blood are the placenta and umbilical cord.
What is a placenta?The placenta is a specialized organ in the female body that forms during pregnancy. It provides nutrients to the developing fetus and helps with the excretion of waste. The placenta serves as a barrier between maternal and fetal blood supplies, allowing for the exchange of nutrients and waste products without mixing the blood. The placenta filters out waste products and prevents harmful substances from passing through.
What is an umbilical cord?The umbilical cord is the structure that connects the fetus to the placenta. It contains two arteries and one vein that transport blood between the fetus and the placenta. The umbilical cord helps to provide the fetus with oxygen and nutrients while removing waste products. The umbilical cord also serves as a barrier between maternal and fetal blood, preventing the mixing of blood.
Learn more about placenta: https://brainly.com/question/10622173
#SPJ11
What type of rna carries the instructions for making proteins?
The type of RNA that carries the instructions for making proteins is messenger RNA (mRNA).
During the process of transcription, which occurs in the nucleus of eukaryotic cells and the cytoplasm of prokaryotic cells, DNA is copied into mRNA by an enzyme called RNA polymerase. The mRNA molecule carries the genetic information from the DNA to the ribosomes in the cytoplasm, where it serves as a template for the synthesis of a protein.
The sequence of nucleotides in the mRNA molecule corresponds to the sequence of amino acids that will be incorporated into the protein during translation. Each group of three nucleotides on the mRNA molecule, known as a codon, codes for a specific amino acid.
In summary, mRNA carries the genetic information from DNA to the ribosomes, where it serves as a template for the synthesis of proteins.
To learn more about messenger RNA
https://brainly.com/question/30195116
#SPJ4
acetylcholinesterase is an important enzyme in the nervous system. acetylcholinesterase activity is blocked by the nerve agent sarin gas, which forms a covalent bond with a ser in the active site of the enzyme. sarin gas is a(n) .
Acetylcholinesterase is an important enzyme in the nervous system. It plays a role in the transmission of nerve impulses by catalyzing the hydrolysis of the neurotransmitter acetylcholine. Acetylcholinesterase activity is blocked by the nerve agent sarin gas, which forms a covalent bond with a serine residue in the active site of the enzyme. Sarin gas is a potent chemical weapon that can have serious health effects.
Sarin gas is a potent nerve agent that works by inhibiting the activity of the acetylcholinesterase enzyme. Sarin gas is classified as a chemical warfare agent, and it belongs to a class of compounds known as organophosphates. Sarin gas works by irreversibly binding to the active site of the acetylcholinesterase enzyme, which prevents the breakdown of the neurotransmitter acetylcholine.
As a result, acetylcholine accumulates in the synaptic cleft and overstimulates the nervous system, leading to respiratory failure and death if left untreated. Sarin gas is highly toxic and can cause severe health effects even at very low concentrations.
Learn more about Sarin gas:
https://brainly.com/question/29439707
#SPJ11
Coyotes are predators of rabbits, and rabbits eat grass. An ecosystem experiences an increase in the size of its rabbit population. Which change will help the ecosystem maintain homeostasis?
Answer:
Explanation:
An increase in the rabbit population can result in an increase in the coyote population since coyotes prey on rabbits. This increase in the coyote population can then lead to a decrease in the rabbit population as they become preyed upon.
To maintain homeostasis in the ecosystem, one change that can help is the introduction of a predator of the coyote population. This can help control the number of coyotes and reduce the pressure on the rabbit population.
Another change that can help maintain homeostasis is the introduction of a new food source for the coyotes. This can reduce their dependence on rabbits and lower the pressure on the rabbit population.
Alternatively, the ecosystem may adapt naturally over time by altering the dynamics between coyotes and rabbits, such as increasing the rabbit's ability to evade predators or reducing the coyote's population through other means like disease or natural disasters. However, such changes may take longer to occur and may not always result in a balanced ecosystem.
the plasma membrane of a muscle fiber is called the
the purpose of the citric acid cycle in cellular respiration is group of answer choices split glucose complete the oxidation of glucose complete the reduction of glucose nothing
The purpose of the citric acid cycle in cellular respiration is to complete the oxidation of glucose.
Cellular respiration is a metabolic process that takes place in cells, resulting in the creation of energy. In the form of ATP (adenosine triphosphate), this energy is used to fuel various cellular activities. The process takes place in both plants and animals, with the ultimate goal of converting food molecules into energy.
The citric acid cycle, also known as the Krebs cycle, is a key metabolic pathway that occurs in the mitochondria of eukaryotic cells. It is critical to the completion of cellular respiration because it breaks down acetyl CoA, which is produced from pyruvate oxidation.
This process ultimately results in the generation of ATP, which is critical to cellular activity. The citric acid cycle completes the oxidation of glucose by breaking down acetyl CoA into citric acid. It completes the energy extraction cycle that begins with the digestion and breakdown of food molecules.
ATP is produced in the citric acid cycle by the oxidation of acetyl CoA. This ATP is used for various cellular activities, including the creation of new cells, cellular respiration, and the repair of damaged cells.
Know more about citric acid cycle here:
https://brainly.com/question/14900762
#SPJ11
One result of meiosis is the formation of gametes. true false
One result of meiosis is the formation of gametes is true.
The development of gametes, which are specialized reproductive cells necessary for sexual reproduction, is one of the main outcomes of meiosis. Male and female gonads (the ovaries and testes, respectively) create gametes, which have half as many chromosomes as the parent cell. This is crucial because when the sperm and egg join during fertilization, the emerging zygote will have the entire complement of chromosomes.
In the course of meiosis, the diploid parent cell divides twice to give rise to four haploid daughter cells, each of which is genetically distinct. This is accomplished by random chromosome segregation during meiosis I and meiosis II, as well as a process of genetic recombination, in which homologous chromosomes exchange genetic material.
To know more about meiosis click here
brainly.com/question/25995456
#SPJ4
A group of individuals that can interbreed in nature and produce viable offspring would be considered to be a species according to the A. phylogenetic species concept. B. biological species concept. C. evolutionary species concept. D. ecological species concept. E. general lineage concept
A group of individuals that can interbreed in nature and produce viable offspring would be considered to be a species according to the B. biological species concept.
The biological species concept defines a species as a group of organisms that can interbreed and produce viable offspring under natural conditions but are reproductively isolated from other such groups. In other words, individuals of the same species are able to mate with one another and produce fertile offspring, but they cannot mate with individuals of other species to produce viable offspring.
This concept is based on the idea that a species is a group of organisms that share a common gene pool and are capable of interbreeding to produce fertile offspring. It is one of the most widely accepted definitions of a species among biologists.
Know more about interbreed here: https://brainly.com/question/331844
#SPJ4
if a researcher was interested in slowing down the movement of amoebas by disrupting their cell membranes, which protein filaments should she be studying?
To slow down the movement of amoebas by disrupting their cell membranes, a researcher should be studying the actin filaments.
One of the key parts of the cytoskeleton, which keeps cells in their proper shapes and supports them structurally, are actin filaments. Actin filaments perform these tasks as well as assisting in the development of pseudopodia, which are movements used by amoebas. Pseudopodia are extensions of the cell membrane.
The production of pseudopodia by amoebas could be impacted by cell membrane disruption, which in turn could have an impact on how they travel. Actin filaments are essential for cell mobility and serve a crucial role in the development of pseudopodia. Therefore, by preventing amoebas from forming pseudopodia, interrupting the actin filaments could limit their motility.
To know more about amoebas click here
brainly.com/question/1217776
#SPJ4
The seven bones of the neck are called _____ vertebrae.
(a) lumbar
(b) spinal
(c) thoracic
(d) cervical.
The seven bones of the neck are called cervical vertebrae. The correct option is option (d) cervical.
Cervical vertebrae are the seven vertebrae that make up the spine in the neck region of mammals. It is abbreviated as C1-C7. They are the smallest of the true vertebrae and are considered as the topmost region of the vertebral column.
They are one of the most flexible regions of the vertebral column, allowing for lateral, forward, and backward movement of the head. The seven bones of the neck are called cervical vertebrae.
The cervical spine has seven vertebrae, all of which are small in size. Between each vertebra, there are intervertebral disks that cushion and dampen the shock of the movement. The spinal cord runs through the middle of the spinal canal, which is formed by the vertebral foramen of the seven cervical vertebrae.
Vertebrae are a series of bony rings stacked on top of one other that make up the backbone of vertebrates. It protects the spinal cord and helps to support the weight of the head, arms, and torso.
Know more about cervical vertebrae here:
https://brainly.com/question/20840479
#SPJ11
Explain how shifts in weather patterns (changes in circulation of atmosphere and oceans) produce the El Nino & La Nina phenomena.
On what area of the body would you not find any sebaceous glands? A. The face B. In the groin area C. on the arms and legs D. On the palms of the hands and soles of the feet
Answer:
You will not find sebaceous glands on D: The palms of the hands and the soles of the feet
Explanation:
They are generally associated with hair follicles. They are present to moisturize and waterproof the skin. You do not have hair on the soles of your feet or the palms of your hand so you would not find sebaceous glands there.
An allele that masks the expression of an alternate form of that same gene is called a
An allele that conceals the expression of the same gene's alternative version is Called an epistatic gene.
A recessive allele's masks expression might be concealed by a dominant allele. A dominant allele is one that hides or suppresses other alleles while emerging strongly in the progeny. A recessive allele is one whose effects are muted by the dominant allele and do not manifest in the progeny.
Dominant epistasis, also known as simple epistasis, occurs when a dominant allele at one location conceals the expression of both dominant and recessive alleles at another locus. Recessive epistasis refers to the masking of an expression by a recessive allele. Other genes can be hidden by some.
Learn more about allele Visit: brainly.com/question/23516288
#SPJ4
which area of the brain exhibits higher-than-normal activity in many people with ptsd?
The amygdala, located deep within the temporal lobe, detects possible hazards in the surrounding area. Normally, the amygdala is relatively adaptable, but it is overactive in PTSD patients.
The hippocampus, amygdala, and medial prefrontal cortex are thought to be key players in PTSD. An alarm system built into your brain often aids in ensuring your survival. This system becomes extremely sensitive and triggers quickly in those with PTSD.
Your brain's thinking and memory-related regions therefore stop working correctly. A condition of fear dysregulation can be used to describe posttraumatic stress disorder. Many studies indicate that the prefrontal cortex is crucial for processing fear, including how fears are learned and methods for controlling or reducing fear reactions.
Learn more about ptsd Visit: brainly.com/question/12320796
#SPJ4
What are the 3 leading causes of death in adolescence?
The three leading causes of death in adolescence (defined as ages 15-19 years) vary by region, but globally they are:
Accidents (unintentional injuries)Homicide.FirearmsAdolescence is the stage of development between childhood and adulthood. It is characterized by physical, cognitive, and emotional changes that occur as a result of hormonal and neural changes in the body. During adolescence, individuals experience a significant growth spurt, which is marked by an increase in height, weight, and muscle mass. Secondary sexual characteristics such as pubic hair growth, breast development, and the onset of menstruation also occur during this time.
Emotionally, adolescence can be a tumultuous time as individuals grapple with a range of intense feelings, including mood swings, anxiety, and depression. Adolescents are also more likely to take risks and engage in impulsive behavior, which can have both positive and negative consequences. Overall, adolescence is a crucial period of growth and development that shapes individuals' physical, cognitive, and emotional development.
To learn more about Adolescence visit here:
brainly.com/question/12945498
#SPJ4
which essential organelle, which is present in all other eukaryotes, is functionally absent in the parabasilids and diplomonads? A) mitochondrion B) nucleus C) plasma membrane D) flagellum E) chloroplast
The essential organelle, which is present in all other eukaryotes, is functionally absent in the parabasalids and diplomonads is mitochondrion, option A.
An organelle is a subcellular structure that, like an organ in the body, has one or more specific tasks to carry out within the cell. Among the more essential cell organelles are the nuclei, which store genetic information; mitochondria, which provide chemical energy; and ribosomes, which construct proteins.
The absence of mitochondria, an organelle whose primary tasks involve respiration and energy synthesis, is the primary hallmark of diplomonads. However, more recent study has demonstrated that these microbes have mitosomes, which are non-functional remnant organelles of mitochondria. The mitosomes that have been found in diplomonads have iron and sulphur metabolic activities. These mitosomes lack mitochondria's ability to participate in the mechanics of respiration.
Similarly to diplomonads, parabasalids are another type of protists without genuine mitochondria. Instead of real mitochondria, parabasalids have modified or semi-functional mitochondria termed hydrogenosomes, which function anaerobically.
Learn more about organelle;
https://brainly.com/question/25742135
#SPJ4